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大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(一)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence
: ,
Shared bikes in different colors have flooded on the city streets almost overnight. You can
“ ”
make comments cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should
,
write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) It has caused the death of at least 10 more children this week.
B) It has claimed 73 lives so far for the season.
C) It is as widespread as the 2009 epidemic.
D) It has caused a serious epidemic in the US.
2. A) Doctors haven’t found out the virus causing the flu yet.
B) The current vaccine doesn’t work well against the dominant virus.
C) The flu has run out of control and circulated around the world.
D) People haven’t realized the seriousness of the flu yet.
3. A) The work alcoholics. C) The alcoholics.
B) Those who lack physical exercise. D) Pregnant women.
4. A) Take antiviral medicines. C) Stay indoors.
B) Drink more warm water. D) Be hospitalized immediately.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) Most of them are poor at numeracy.
B) Most of them have no customer awareness.
C) Many of them are unqualified for thriving in the workplace.
D) Many of them have no clear occupational planning.
6. A) Making training plans for employees in her company.
B) Recruiting young qualified graduates for her company.
C) Doing remedial training for new employees in her company.
D) Running numeracy lessons for employees in her company.
7. A) Offering high-qualified teaching.
B) Developing students’ numeracy skill.
1
· ·C) Helping students achieve all-round development.
D) Being strict with students’ academic achievement.
8. A) The poor teaching quality of schools nowadays.
B) The decreasing number of graduates nowadays.
C) The reduction of cost in business payroll nowadays.
D) The reduction of funding for further education nowadays.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) They had declined for almost two decades.
B) They had risen for almost two decades.
C) They had declined for five years.
D) They had risen for five years.
10. A) It did not examine teens’ use of smartphones.
B) It involves many other possible influencing factors.
C) It proves the serious influence of social media on teen suicide.
D) It provides weak evidence for social media influencing teen suicide.
11. A) They are the main factors influencing teen suicide.
B) They are being unfairly criticized.
C) Kids should be forbidden to use them.
D) Kids’ use of them should be reasonably limited.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Stop selling energy drinks to customers under 16.
B) Ask customers to present their IDs when buying soft drinks.
C) Announce new energy drink restrictions.
D) Reduce the number of soft drinks containing caffeine.
13. A) They were first announced last year.
B) They are a voluntary measure.
C) They are caused by a nationwide soda tax.
D) They will end at the beginning of March.
14. A) Because they contain too much sugar.
B) Because their nutrition value is exaggerated.
C) Because the additives contained are bad to health.
D) Because the caffeine contained can prevent sleep.
15. A) Because supermarket chains will not follow the rules.
B) Because kids might lie about their age.
C) Because energy drinks are still available in small stores.
D) Because customers do not support them.
2
· ·Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or
: ,
four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question you must choose
,
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then mark the corresponding
), ), ) )
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) How to control emotions in daily life.
B) How to think and act optimistically.
C) How to study grammar efficiently.
D) How to deal with emotions under pressure.
17. A) By advising yourself to think in different perspectives.
B) By slowing down your reaction to stress gradually.
C) By keeping a psychological distance between you and your emotions.
D) By distracting you from the thing that makes you stressful.
18. A) His own experience of being nervous during a flight.
B) His desire as a mental health expert to help patients.
C) His failure in curing people suffering from depression.
D) His new strategies for controlling emotions under pressure.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Two. C) Six.
B) Four. D) Twelve.
20. A) The ability to cope well with long-term mental and emotional problems.
B) The ability to collect the needed information from the space.
C) The ability to make maps of the planets being studied.
D) The ability to adapt well to the living structure in the space.
21. A) It takes 20 minutes for a radio signal to travel from Mars to Earth.
B) It is a method of training the crew members’ patience.
C) It takes 20 minutes to prepare for communications.
D) It is essential for making sure the content of communications is clear.
22. A) The one in Hawaii includes women research subjects.
B) The one in Hawaii is conducted in a special structure.
C) The one in Hawaii lasts for nearly three years.
D) The one in Hawaii provides an environment most like Mars.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) Having a good start every day.
B) Having strong self-confidence.
C) Having a sense of direction.
D) Having specialist knowledge.
24. A) Our brains and muscles have just had enough rest during the night.
B) People who rise early in the morning have a clear head.
C) Our willpower and attention span are strongest in the morning.
D) People are influenced by the saying “The early bird gets the worm”.
3
· ·25. A) It helps us review our mistakes.
B) It helps us make full use of our time.
C) It helps us set our goals.
D) It helps us get prepared.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Tiny pieces of gold could be used in the fight against cancer, new research has suggested.
Scientists at Edinburgh University have just completed a study which shows the 26 metal increased
the effectiveness of drugs used to treat lung cancer cells. Minute fragments, known as gold
纳米颗粒
nanoparticles( ), were 27 in a chemical device by the research team.
While this has not yet been tested on humans, it is hoped such a device could one day be used to
reduce side effects of current chemotherapy treatments by 28 targeting diseased cells without
damaging healthy tissue. Gold is a safe chemical element and has the ability to 29 chemical
reactions.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh discovered properties of the metal that allow these
catalytic abilities to be accessed in living things without any side effects. The device was shown to be
effective after being 30 in the brain of a zebrafish, suggesting it can be used in living animals.
The study was carried out in 31 with researchers at the University of Zaragoza’s Institute of
Nanoscience of Edinburgh’s CRUK Edinburgh Centre, said: “We have discovered new 32 of gold
that were previously unknown and our findings suggest that the metal could be used to 33 drugs
inside tumours very safely. There is still work to do before we can use this on 34 , but this study is
a step forward. We hope that a similar device in humans could one day be implanted by surgeons to
activate chemotherapy directly in tumours and reduce harmful effects to healthy organs.” The next steps
will be to see if this method is 35 to use in people, what its long- and short-term side effects are,
and if it’s a better way to treat some cancers.
A) accelerate I) precisely
B) cautiously J) previous
C) collaboration K) properties
D) elaboration L) release
E) encased M) relieve
F) implanted N) safe
G) patients O) unsafe
H) precious
4
· ·Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation
?
A) I’ve been researching generational differences for 25 years, starting when I was a 22-year-old
doctoral student in psychology. Typically, the characteristics that come to define a generation appear
gradually, and along a continuum. Beliefs and behaviors that were already rising simply continue to do
so. Millennials, for instance, are a highly individualistic generation, but individualism had been
increasing since the Baby Boomers turned on, tuned in and dropped out. I had grown accustomed to
line graphs of trends that looked like modest hills and valleys.
B) Around 2012, I noticed abrupt shifts in teen behaviors and emotional states. The gentle slopes
of the line graphs became steep mountains and sheer cliffs, and many of the distinctive characteristics of
the Millennial generation began to disappear. In all my analyses of generational data—some reaching
back to the 1930s—I had never seen anything like it.
暂时性问题
C) At first I presumed these might be blips( ), but the trends persisted across several
years and a series of national surveys. The changes weren’t just in degree, but in kind. The biggest
difference between the Millennials and their predecessors was in how they viewed the world; teens today
differ from the Millennials not just in their views but in how they spend their time. The experiences they
have every day are radically different from those of the generation that came of age just a few years
before them.
D) What happened in 2012 to cause such dramatic shifts in behavior? It was after the Great
Recession, which officially lasted from 2007 to 2009 and had a starker effect on Millennials trying to
find a place in a sputtering economy. But it was exactly the moment when the proportion of Americans
who owned a smartphone surpassed 50 percent.
E) The more I pored over yearly surveys of teen attitudes and behaviors, and the more I talked
with young people, the clearer it became that theirs is a generation shaped by the smartphone and by the
伴随的
concomitant( ) rise of social media. I call them iGen. Born between 1995 and 2012, members
of this generation are growing up with smartphones, have an Instagram account before they start high
school, and do not remember a time before the internet. iGen’s oldest members were early adolescents
when the iPhone was introduced, in 2007, and high-school students when the iPad entered the scene,
in 2010. A 2017 survey of more than 5,000 American teens found that three out of four owned an
iPhone.
F) The advent of the smartphone and its cousin the tablet was followed quickly by hand-wringing
about the harmful effects of “screen time”. But the impact of these devices has not been fully
appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual concerns about curtailed attention spans. The arrival of the
smartphone has radically changed every aspect of teenagers’ lives, from the nature of their social
interactions to their mental health. These changes have affected young people in every corner of the
nation and in every type of household. The trends appear among teens poor and rich; of every ethnic
5
· ·background; in cities, suburbs, and small towns. Where there are call towers, there are teens living
their lives on their smartphone.
G) To those of us who fondly recall a more analog adolescence, this may seem foreign and
troubling. The aim of generational study, however, is not to succumb to nostalgia for the way things
used to be; it’s to understand how they are now. Some generational changes are positive, some are
negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s
teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They’re markedly less likely to get into a car
accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s
attendant ills.
H) Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: Rates of teen
depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It’s not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being
on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to
重大的
their phones. Even when a seismic( ) event—a war, a technological leap, a free concert in the
mud—plays an outsize role in shaping a group of young people, no single factor ever defines a
generation. Parenting styles continue to change, as do school curricula and culture, and these things
matter. But the twin rise of the smartphone and social media has caused an earthquake of a magnitude
we’ve not seen in a very long time, if ever. There is compelling evidence that the devices we’ve
placed in young people’s hands are having profound effects on their lives—and making them seriously
unhappy.
I) The allure of independence was so powerful to previous generations. However, it now holds less
sway over today’s teens, who are less likely to leave the house without their parents. The shift is
stunning: 12th-graders in 2015 were going out less often than eighth-graders did as recently as 2009.
J) Today’s teens are also less likely to date. The initial stage of courtship, which Gen Xers called
“liking”(as in “Ooh, he likes you!”), kids now call “talking”—an ironic choice for a generation that
prefers texting to actual conversation. After two teens have “talked” for a while, they might start
dating. But only about 56 percent of high-school seniors in 2015 went out on dates; for Boomers and
Gen Xers, the number was about 85 percent.
K) The decline in dating tracks with a decline in sexual activity. The drop is the sharpest for
ninth-graders, among whom the number of sexually active teens has been cut by almost40 percent since
1991. The average teen now has had sex for the first time by the spring of 11th grade, a full year later
than the average Gen Xer. Fewer teens having sex has contributed to what many see as one of the most
positive youth trends in recent years: The teen birth rate hit an all-time low in 2016, down 67 percent
since its modern peak, in 1991.
L) Even driving, a symbol of adolescent freedom inscribed in American popular culture, from
Rebel Without a Cause Ferris Bueller s Day Off
to ’ , has lost its appeal for today’s teens. Nearly all
Boomer high-school students had their driver’s license by the spring of their senior year; more than one
in four teens today still lack one at the end of high school. For some, Mom and Dad are such good
chauffeurs that there’ s no urgent need to drive. “My parents drove me everywhere and never
complained, so I always had rides,” a 21-year-old student in San Diego told me. “I didn’t get my
license until my mom told me I had to because she could not keep driving me to school.” She finally got
6
· ·her license six months after her 18th birthday. In conversation after conversation, teens described
getting their license as something to be nagged into by their parents—a notion that would have been
unthinkable to previous generations.
M) Independence isn’t free—you need some money in your pocket to pay for gas, or for that
bottle of schnapps. iGen teens aren’t working (or, managing their own money). Statistically, in the
late 1970s,77 percent of high-school seniors worked for pay during the school year; by the mid-2010s,
only 55 percent did. The number of eighth-graders who work for pay has been cut in half. These
declines accelerated during the Great Recession, but teen employment has not bounced back, even
though job availability has.
36. Millennials and their former generations viewed the world in a way different from teens do
today.
37. It is obvious that iGen teens are deeply influenced by cellphone as well as social media.
38. Teens behavior changed suddenly at the time when over half of Americans had smartphones.
39. Physically speaking, today’s teens are much safer than ever before, which is one of the
positive outcomes of smartphones.
40. The author’s study is more than two decades, which shows that a generation has relatively
stable characteristics.
41. Teenagers nowadays prefer chatting online for some time before they may have a date.
42. Although many factors influence the teens today, nothing can be compared to those from the
smartphone and social media.
43. Jobs for the young are sufficient today, but they are unwilling to work for pay.
44. Today’s American teenagers have been changed into a generation heavily dependent on their
smartphone.
45. Having driver’s licence was once treated as important, but teens nowadays do not think much
of it.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Business cards have been around a long time in one form or another. The Chinese invented calling
cards in the 15th century to give people notice that they intended to visit. European merchants invented
trade cards in the 17th century to act as miniature advertisements.
Lots of companies try to turn their cards into miniature plugs for their products. Employees at Lego
give out miniature plastic figures with their contact details stamped on them. McDonald’s business
cards are shaped like a portion of fries. A Canadian divorce lawyer once gave out cards that can be torn
in two—one half for each of the feuding spouses.
Such tricks can quickly pall. For techno-utopians, they just go to show that the physical business
7
· ·垂死挣扎
card is in its death throes( ). After all, why bother exchanging bits of thick paper at all when
you can simply swap electronic versions by smartphone?
However, one can just as well argue the opposite: that business cards are here to stay, and in a
大风雪
blizzard( ) of meetings and correspondence, it is more important than ever that your card stands
out. Attempts to reinvent business cards for the digital age have got nowhere.
That business cards are thriving in a digital age is a forceful reminder that there is much about
business that is timeless. Take, for instance, the eternal and inescapable question of whether you can
trust someone. The number of things that machines can do better than humans grows by the day. But
they cannot look people in the eye and decide what sort of person they are.
And they cannot transform acquaintanceships into relationships. A good deal of business life will
always be about building social bonds—having dinner with people, playing sport with them, even
getting drunk with them—and the more that machines take over the quantitative stuff more human beings
will have to focus on the touchy-feely.
The rapid advance of both globalization and virtualization means that this trust-building process is
becoming ever more demanding. Managers have to work harder at establishing trust with people from
different cultures: chief executives of global organizations routinely spend three out of every four weeks
traveling. They also have to get better at using personal meetings to reinforce bonds that were first
formed over the phone or Internet.
Here, business cards are doubly useful. They can be a quick way of establishing connections, and
can also act as a physical reminder that you have actually met someone rather than just Googled
快速搜寻
them. Rifling( ) through piles of different cards helps to summon up memories of meetings in
ways that simply looking through uniform electronic lists never would.
46. The example of divorce lawyer’s cards is mentioned to .
A) reveal the historical change of business cards
B) illustrate the function of cards as advertisements
C) display the ingenious designs of business cards
D) testify the effect of business cards is declining
47. The word “pall”(Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means “ ”.
A) to have effect C) to make troubles
B) to become popular D) to lose appeal
48. The reason why business cards cannot be replaced lies in .
A) they help to build actual social bonds in business life
B) they make the trust-building process more urgent
C) they set people free from their quantitative routines
D) they bring more sentiments into the business contact
49. It is implied in the last two paragraphs that .
A) people from different cultures can hardly trust each other
B) it is impossible to establish trust over the phone or Internet
C) business cards remind people of their face-to-face contact
D) uniform electronic lists may not help people get acquainted
8
· ·50. What is this passage mainly about?
A) Why business cards thrive in digital age.
B) When business cards will be replaced.
C) How elaborately the cards can be designed.
D) What business cards can help managers do.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
A hard Brexit poses risks to the integrity of financial markets and could make it harder to protect
consumers from wrongdoing by banks, the head of the city regulator has warned MPs.
Andrew Bailey, chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority, said a cliff-edge Brexit—one
in which the regulatory framework changes the instant the UK leaves the EU—also presented
competition risks, alongside threats to legal and market stability.
In his latest letter to the Treasury Select Committee, Bailey said a sudden exit from the EU could
make it difficult for regulators to obtain information about the firms they regulate. “Any lack of certainty
with regard to the regulatory framework may affect the ability of the FCA, and perhaps other regulators,
to take enforcement action as a means of both addressing and deterring misconduct,” said Bailey.
He also highlighted the risks associated with the sudden loss of the “passport” that firms based in
the EU use to operate freely within the 28 member states. Bailey has previously told the committee that
5,476 UK-registered firms hold at least one passport to do business in another EU or EEA member state
while just over 8,000 companies authorized in other EU states use these rules to do business in
the UK.
There was a risk, he said, that firms could end up without the correct permissions to sell products
or find themselves vulnerable to legal action if they were not able to meet pledges to provide services for
customers. The FCA may not have enough time to process applications—which take about 23 weeks—if
the loss of passporting is only agreed late in the negotiations.
Former shadow chancellor Chris Leslie, a leading supporter of the Open Britain campaign, said:
“The last thing post-Brexit Britain needs is to tie the hands of the Financial Conduct Authority behind
their back. A hard Brexit doesn’t just risk pushing our economy over a cliff edge, it risks throwing
robust regulation into the void as well.”
“If we learned anything from the 2008 global economic crash, it is that a clear system of regulation
for financial services is essential. It is deeply worrying that the people responsible for that in country are
saying they will not be able to do their job properly if Britain crashes out of the EU without a transitional
deal in place.”
“When the financial watchdogs are themselves saying they will not be able to properly protect
consumers following a hard Brexit, the government needs to sit up and take notice.” “If the watchdog
cannot watch financial transactions properly, we are leaving both people’ s finances and markets
vulnerable to abuse.”
51. What do we know about Andrew Bailey?
A) He strongly opposes the hard Brexit.
B) He calls for a clear regulatory system.
9
· ·C) He requires enhanced financial regulation.
D) He predicts some post-Brexit problems.
52. The data quoted in Paragraph Four illustrates .
A) the extensive influence of Brexit on business
B) the large amount of workload of the FCA
C) the significance of acquiring the “passport”
D) the enormous scale of the overseas market
53. What may be the problem posed by a sudden loss of firms’ “passport”?
A) Restriction on travel around EU member states.
B) Influence on the firms’ ability to provide service.
C) Increase of legal disputes in international trade.
D) Extended time to deal with passport application.
54. In the last two paragraphs, Chris Leslie emphasizes .
A) the urgency to reinforce the function of FCA
B) the importance of a manifest regulators
C) the responsibility of the financial regulators
D) the necessity of the government’s involvement
55. What can we learn about Chris Leslie’s position on the result of a hard Brexit?
A) He provides proofs for Bailey’s view.
B) He challenges Bailey’s conclusion.
C) He poses a whole new insight.
D) He echoes Bailey’s opinion on the issue.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
.
世界机器人大会在北京圆满召开了 会议的主题是 合作创新 共同建设智能社会 全球
。 “ , ”。
的顶级机器人专家和机器人产品汇聚于此 天的会议邀请了来自全球 家机器人公司的代
。 5 150
表 参会的机器人种类繁多 既有工业机器人 也有服务机器人 例如可以用来帮忙做家务 照顾
。 , , , 、
孩子的机器人 中国是机器人领域的一个领跑者 去年的出货量达到 台 而中国市场上
。 , 68,000 ,
工业机器人的销量连续 年都以 的速度递增
5 35% 。
10
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(二)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence
: ,
In recent years there have been numerous complaints from various travel destinations
“ ,
around the world about the uncivilized behavior of Chinese tourists. You can make comments
” ,
cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150
words but no more than 200 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) He wants to move into another room.
B) He has too much stuff.
C) His filing cabinet is too old.
D) He couldn’t do anything without a filing cabinet.
2. A) They believed in Montgomery Ward and Richard Sears.
B) They could get the things they wanted at a low price.
C) It was convenient for them to buy things from catalogs.
D) It was easy for them to return the goods if they weren’t satisfied.
3. A) They used catalogs as textbooks to teach spelling and calculating.
B) They told the students the history of catalogs in class.
C) They made their purchase as the farmers did.
D) They got new information from catalogs.
4. A) They made some small stores have no confidence in sale.
B) They forced some small stores to lower the price.
C) They promoted the sales in some small stores.
D) They drove some small stores out of business.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) A product designed for newborn babies.
B) A company providing babysitting services.
C) A television program regarding babies.
D) A toy for newborn babies.
6. A) It is water-proof. C) It keeps babies absolutely safe.
B) It can calm down crying babies. D) It has clowns painted outside.
7. A) Sitting C) Lying down.
B) Bending. D) Upright.
11
· ·8. A) Demonstrate how the product works. C) Talk about another product.
B) Invite a volunteer to try the product. D) Explain the product in more detail.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
B) To reform railroad management in western European countries.
C) To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
D) To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
10. A) Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
B) Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
C) Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
D) Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
11. A) Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
B) Passengers will feel much safer on a train than on a plane.
C) Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
D) Traveling by train may be as quick as, or even quicker than, by air.
12. A) In 1981. C) In 1990.
B) In 1989. D) In 2000.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A) There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.
B) Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.
C) The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.
D) There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.
14. A) A doctor’s fame strengthens the patients faith in them.
B) Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.
C) One-third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.
D) A patient’s expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.
15. A) Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective.
B) The workings of the mind may help patients recover.
C) Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.
D) Most illnesses can be cured without medicine.
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or
: ,
four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question you must choose
,
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then mark the corresponding
), ), ) )
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
12
· ·Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) It can brighten someone else’s life.
B) It can help analyze the causes of air pollution.
C) It may force people to donate their shoes and clothes.
D) It can ensure people’s physical fitness.
17. A) The money from the recycling helps the poor.
B) Some of the shoes are not proper footwear.
C) Many children die because of the lack of proper shoes.
D) Wearing recycled shoes can save much money.
18. A) Give it to the poor. C) Put it away in drawers.
B) Give it to young people. D) Recycle it into cash.
19. A) Bury them locally. C) Ask local experts to recycle them.
B) Throw them away. D) Deliver them to other recycling companies.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
20. A) They could move around the country.
B) They could fast-track their business.
C) They paid attention to their purposes.
D) They got opportunities to make money.
21. A) Bad guys in old films. C) Religion or politics.
B) A person’s life project. D) People’s goal or purpose.
22. A) His project or life is a train wreck.
B) He has come to the end of something.
C) He is from the bad side of the town.
D) He pays attention to his goal or purpose.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) College graduates have difficulty in finding jobs.
B) People overlook the correlation between education and income.
C) The number of better-educated graduates cannot satisfy the economy.
D) The economy fails to absorb better-educated graduates.
24. A) There are not enough economic opportunities for students not going to college.
B) Schools fail to educate students properly.
C) Educational attainment cannot guarantee career advancement.
D) Students have no adequate professional knowledge.
25. A) They are not ready to function in the workplace.
B) They do not gain as much as before.
C) Their college education is considered useless.
D) Their working experience is not enough.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
13
· ·through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta wants to move Georgia out of the top 10 list for childhood
肥胖
obesity( ), officials said.
Doctors at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, the largest children healthcare organization in the
并
United States, said they treat patients in their Health-Life Clinic as young as age 3 for complications(
发症
) 26 to obesity.
The healthcare system’s officials said it began its Strong-Life in early 2011, a large-scale public
awareness 27 , along with programs and partnerships to 28 kids and their parents. The first
phase of the campaign, the “warning” ads, was designed to raise awareness and 29 conversation
about childhood obesity.
“A 30 finding in the research is that while 96 percent of respondents viewed childhood obesity
as a somewhat or very serious problem, only 28 percent of parents of an obese child considered their
child overweight or obese. and only 36 percent were 31 about their child’s weight,” Dr. Richard
Lutz of the University of Florida’s Warrington College of Business Administration said in a statement.
“This 32 disconnect, known as the ‘perceived personal immunity’ effect, has been 33
for issues such as being 34 affected by lung cancer, skin cancer and AIDS.”
The program also included training more than 1,000 healthcare providers, nurses and dietitians to
discuss obesity with their patients; going to more than 100 schools to share with children the importance
of healthy eating and physical 35 and educating more than 430 daycare center staff to use Strong-
Life tool kits to teach healthy habits at an early age.
A) activity I) immediately
B) apparent J) interact
C) campaign K) practice
D) concerned L) reach
E) contributed M) related
F) documented N) remarkable
G) easily O) spark
H) fatal
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Amazon-Walmart Showdown that Explains the Modern Economy
A) With Amazon buying the high-end grocery chain Whole Foods, something retail analysts have
known for years is now apparent on everyone. The online retailer is on a collision course with Walmart
to try to be the predominant seller of pretty much everything you buy. Each one is trying to become
14
· ·more like the other—Walmart by investing heavily in its technology, Amazon by opening physical
bookstores and now buying physical supermarkets. But this is more than a battle between two business
titans. Their rivalry sheds light on the shifting economics of nearly every major industry.
福音
B) That in turn has been a boon( ) for consumers but also has more worrying implications for
jobs, wages and inequality. To understand this epic shift, you can look not just to the grocery business,
but also to my closet, and to another retail acquisition announced Friday morning.
C) Men’s dress clothing, mine included, can be a little boring. Like many male office workers, I
lean toward clothes that are sharp but not at all showy. Nearly every weekday, I wear a dress shirt that
is either light blue, white or has some subtle check pattern, usually paired with slacks and a
blazer. The description alone could make a person doze. I used to buy my dress shirts from a Hong
Kong tailor. They fit perfectly, but ordering required an awkward meeting with a visiting salesman in a
＄
hotel suite. They took six weeks to arrive, and they cost around 120 each, which adds up fast when
破损
you need to buy eight or 10 a year to keep up with wear and tear( ). Then several years ago I
realized that a company called Bonobos was making shirts that fit me nearly as well, that were often sold
＄ ＄
three for 220, or 73 each, and that would arrive in two days.
D) Bonobos became my main shirt provider, at least until recently, when I learned that Amazon
was trying to get into the upper-endmen’s shirt game. The firm’s “Buttoned Down” line, offered to
＄
Amazon prime customers, use high-quality fabric and is a good value at 40 for basic shirts. I bought a
针脚
few; they don’t fit me quite as well as the Bonobos, but I do prefer the stitching( ). I’m on the
fence as to which company will provide my next shirt order, and a new deal this week makes it
interesting: Walmart is buying Bonobos. Walmart’s move might seem a strange decision. It is not a
＄ ＄
retailer people typically turn to for 88 summer shirts in Ruby Wynwood Plaid or 750 Italian wool
suits. Then again, Amazon is best known as a reseller of goods made by others.
E) Walmart and Amazon have had their sights on each other for years, each aiming to be the
dominant seller of goods—however consumers of the future want to buy them. It increasingly looks like
that “however” is a hybrid of physical stores and online-ordering channels, and each company is
coming at the goal from a different starting point.
F) Amazon is the dominant player in online sales, and is particularly strong among affluent
consumers in major cities. It is now experimenting with physical bookstores and groceries as it looks to
broaden its reach. Walmart has thousands of stores that sell hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of
goods. It is particularly strong in suburban and rural areas and among low- and middle-income
consumers, but it’s playing catch-up with online sales and affluent urbanites.
G) Why are these two mega-retailers both trying to sell me shirts? The short answer is because they
both want to sell everything. More specifically, Bonobos is known as an innovator in exactly this type of
hybrid of online and physical store sales. Its website and online customer service are excellent, and it
operates stores in major cities where you can try on garments and order items to be shipped
directly. Because all the actual inventory is centralized, the stores themselves can occupy minimal
square footage. So the acquisition may help Walmart build expertise in the very areas where it is trying
to gain on Amazon. You can look at the Amazon acquisition of Whole Foods through the same lens. The
grocery business has a whole different set of challenges from the types of goods that Amazon has
15
· ·specialized in; you can’t store a steak or a banana the way you do books or toys. And people want to be
able to make purchases and take home on the spur of the moment.
H) Just as Walmart is using Bonobos to get access to higher-end consumers and a more
technologically savvy way of selling clothes, Amazon is using Whole Foods to get the expertise and
physical presence it takes to sell fresh foods. But bigger dimensions of the modern economy also come
into play.
I) The apparel business has long been a highly competitive industry in which countless players
商机
could find a niche( ). Any insight that one shirt-maker developed could be rapidly copied by
others, and consumer prices reflected the retailer’s real estate costs and branding approach as much as
anything. That helps explain why there are thousands of options worldwide for someone who wants a
decent-quality men’s shirt. In that world, any shirt-maker that tried to get too big rapidly faced
diminishing returns. It would have to pay more and more to lease that tried to get too big rapidly faced
diminishing returns. It would have to pay more and more to lease the real estate for-flung stores, and
would have to outbid competitors to hire all the experienced shirt-makers. The expansion wouldn’t offer
any meaningful cost savings and would entail a lot more headaches trying to manage it all.
J) But more and more businesses in the modern economy, rather than reflecting those diminishing
returns to scale, show positive returns to scale: The biggest companies have a huge advantage over
smaller players. That tends to tilt markets toward a handful of players or even a monopoly, rather than
an even playing field with countless competitors.
K) The most extreme example of this would be the software business, where a company an invest
bottomless sums in a piece of software, but then sell it to each additional customer for practically
nothing. The apparel industry isn’t that extreme—the price of making a shirt is still linked to the cost
of fabric and the workers to do the stitching—but it is moving in that direction. And that helps explain
why Walmart and Amazon are so eager to put a shirt on my back.
L) Already, retailers need to figure out how to manage sophisticated supply chains connecting
Southeast Asia with stores in big American cities so that they rarely run out of product. They need
mobile apps and websites that offer a seamless user experience so that nothing stands between a would-
be purchaser and an order. Larger companies that are good at supply chain management and technology
can spread those more-or-less fixed costs around more total sales, enabling them to keep prices lower
than a niche player and entrench their advantage.
M) These positive returns to scale could become even more pronounced. Perhaps in the future,
rather than manufacture a bunch of shirts in Indonesia and Malaysia and ship them to the United States
to be sold one at a time to urban office workers, a company will have a robot manufacture shirt to my
specifications somewhere nearby.
N) If that’s the future of clothing, and quite a few companies are working on just that, apparel
will become a landscape of high fixed costs and enormous returns to scale. The handful of companies
with the very best shirt-making robots will win the market, and any company that can’t afford to
develop shirt-making robots, or isn’t very good at it, might find itself left in the cold.
36. Traditionally, Amazon is popular among consumers in big cities while Walmart is widely
located in rural areas.
16
· ·37. Bonobos is selling apparel to the author in a relatively lower price than the Hong Kong
tailor.
38. Walmart bought Bonobos in that it will help Walmart overtake Amazon.
39. The tendency of markets being occupied by big companies indicates that small companies have
no advantages.
40. Nowadays, apparel is probably produced in developing countries and then transported back to
the US for the white collars.
41. With available high technologies providing user experience, retailers can get more potential
buyers.
42. Despite the intense competition, the apparel industry can still discover opportunities.
43. Robots making clothing would compel the clothing companies unable to develop robots well to
face difficulties.
44. The price for a shirt depends on many factors, including the cost of fabric and the labor
force.
45. Amazon buying Whole Foods shows that the online retailer is now beginning to focus on
physical stores.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The Internet mirrors society, reflecting our strengths and weaknesses. A healthy society and a
healthy internet share the same vital forces: individuals taking action, making things, solving problems,
and ultimately building our own environment. We need both technology and social commitment to create
space where healthy democracies will flourish.
As citizens, we have a right and a responsibility to participate in democracy for it to work. Today
we see technology—specifically the Internet—enabling rich new ways to participate in democracy. The
Internet lets citizens swiftly tune in to world events, discuss the implications, organize campaigns,
project their voices, and force change. Through the Internet, democratically elected leaders can more
easily hear diverse voices. By making political activities more transparent, the Internet helps citizens
hold politicians more accountable. It has created a sea change for democratic political discourse,
即兴演讲台
offering a global soapbox( ) like none other.
We also see the Internet magnifying the polarization of our societies and the rise of vitriol, hate
speech and misinformation. This amplification is made possible by the Internet and centralized social
media platforms, which combine to create mass echo chambers. However, the core issues live within
the nature of our societies themselves. So today the Internet reflects richness, divisiveness and areas
where hope and opportunities to improve one’s own life are not as widely available as we would like.
散布
The ease with which “fake news” can be disseminated( ) online presented an opportunity to
17
· ·capitalize on existing social discontent by distributing misinformation for financial gain. We saw this
happen in the latest US election cycle when egregiously fabricated stories published solely for profit
circulated widely in social media Pizzagate. The Pope endorses a presidential candidate. Florida
imposes Sharia law. Though these stories were clearly false, each was published online, consumed,
shared and viewed by millions of people. And yet we need to ask: How different are these articles from
标题党
standard “clickbait( )” that sensationalizes the truth in order to drive traffic?
The stakes are high when bad actors misappropriate the Internet and position fake news to drown
out facts for personal gain. Misinformation spread online has the power to influence people’ s
understanding of real-world events. Millions of internet users have no way to quickly assess whether
claims are true or false. All of this adds up to loss of trust in core institutions as a source of good
information and trustworthy community. But the loss is further compounded. Democracy relies on the
free flow of good information and human connection, and when people believe they can’t trust anyone,
democracy is weakened.
Technology alone will not solve the problem, but technology combined with human intent,
economic investment, and development policies can make immense positive changes.
The world today is in a disruptive state, and it’s clear that the connection of technology to social
impact is deeply needed so that communities of goodwill can grow, trust in the Internet and information
will rebound and democracy will thrive. We have to apply ourselves to this challenge. Otherwise, we
will have wasted a rare and precious opportunity.
46. What can be inferred from the new approaches provided by the Internet to take part in
democracy?
A) The modern information explosion gives a voice to citizens.
B) The Internet allows dissenting voices to be heard by all leaders.
C) Politicians become more responsible because of government websites.
D) Democratic political discourse has been altered dramatically by the Internet.
47. What does the underlined word “vitriol” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A) Bitter remarks. C) Complimentary words.
B) Public praise. D) Retrospective fear.
48. By citing the examples of Pizzagate, the Pope and Florida, the author intends to show
that .
A) the made-up stories can circulate quickly among the public
B) fabricated stories are more common in American political seasons
C) the profit motive drives fake news spread widely online
D) false news is completely different from standard “clickbait”
49. When someone spread misinformation online to cover up the truth for their own profit, it has
negative effects on .
A) people’s comprehension of what happened in the offline and online world
B) network users’ verifying the authenticity of information posted online
C) public faith in crucial government institutions
D) the free flow of reliable information
18
· ·50. What is the author’s attitude towards the power of the Internet?
A) Positive. C) Subjective.
B) Negative. D) Objective.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
It’s well established that smoking cigarettes, especially large quantities of them, is bad for your
health. But a new study shows the risk exists even with a minimal amount of smoking. Just one cigarette
心血管的
a day can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular( ) disease. Researchers from University
College London found that having a single cigarette each day raises the risk of coronary heart disease or
stroke. “No safe level of smoking exists for cardiovascular disease,” the authors conclude in their paper
BMJ
published Wednesday in .
The team analyzed 141 previously published studies conducted between 1946 and 2015, which
included data from millions of men and women. They specifically looked at the cardiovascular effects of
people who smoked one, five or twenty cigarettes per day compared to those who had never
smoked. When adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and blood pressure, they found that men
who smoked one cigarette per day had a 74 percent higher risk of heart disease than non-smokers and a
30 percent higher risk of stroke. Among women, the risk of heart disease among one per-day smokers
was increased by 119 percent and the risk of stroke by 46 percent compared to non-smokers.
“There’s a misconception by many smokers that if you cut down you will reduce harm,” Allan
Hackshaw, a study co-author and epidemiology professor at University College London, told
Newsweek
. “This seems to be true for lung cancer, but people aren’t aware that only a little bit of
tobacco smoke has a big effect on the cardiovascular system.”
Although light smoking can negatively affect your health, cutting down is still helpful. “I think a
lot of people who work in the tobacco and the health industry right now forget how difficult it is to quit,”
中
Hackshaw said. “Going cold turkey is hard.” Hackshaw suggests finding an appropriate cessation(
止
) method to help cut back. But he also emphasizes that the end goal should be to quit.
One in every three deaths from cardiovascular disease is caused by smoking, according to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the role of minimal smoking in this risk
could help reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Hackshaw and his colleagues hope their findings will be used to “strengthen public health
campaigns (including those on smoking cessation services) and to provide a strong health incentive for
smokers to quit (particularly women), rather than cut down,” they wrote in their paper.
51. What do we know about the minimal amount of smoking from the first paragraph?
A) Its negative effects haven’t been recognized.
B) It makes many people get addicted to smoking.
C) It can be a contributor to cardiovascular disease.
D) It can be roughly seen as the safe level of smoking.
52. What did the team find after analyzing 141 previously published studies?
A) Passive smoking posed a significant threat to non-smokers.
B) Men were more vulnerable to the harm of smoking.
19
· ·C) Smoking women were at much higher risk of heart disease and stroke than smoking men.
D) Age and blood pressure were less likely to affect heart disease.
53. What’s the misconception held by many smokers according to Allan Hackshaw?
A) Smoking won’t lead to cardiovascular damage.
B) Harm can decrease as soon as one reduces smoking.
C) There is little significance in cutting down on smoking.
D) Reducing smoking helps with the treatment of lung cancer.
54. What does the underlined sentence “Going cold turkey is hard” mean in the passage?
A) It is far from easy to form good habits.
B) Self-discipline is extremely challenging.
C) Quitting a bad habit is not as hard as it seems.
D) It is difficult to get rid of bad habits suddenly.
55. The researchers hope their findings can be used to .
A) encourage smokers to give up smoking
B) remind smokers about the bad effects of smoking
C) warn smokers to smoke less for the sake of health
D) appeal to policy-makers to take preventive measures
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
在中国 数百万的人通过网络视频直播 与世界分享他们的生活 网络视频直
, (live streaming) 。
播并不是一个新概念 在中国 各种各样的在线直播应用程序层出不穷 这些应用程序也被用
。 , 。
于商业目的 个人和公司都用它们来销售各种各样的产品 明星们也使用视频直播直接与粉丝
, 。
互动 网络直播在人们的生活中扮演着重要角色 不仅让人们的生活变得越来越多样 而且让人
。 , ,
与人之间的交流更加便捷 有趣
、 。
20
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(三)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to the short passage
: ,
given below.In your essay you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and give
,
your opinion and reasons. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Recently there is a hot debate on whether the school campus should be open to the public at any
time or in a limited period of time.Some people favor the former, while others the latter.
Part Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Your heart rate is lowered. C) You become too tired to sleep.
B) It becomes harder to relax. D) Sleep rhythms are disrupted.
2. A) Having a rest frequently during the day.
B) The lack of sleep on weekends.
C) The lack of exercise in the evening.
D) Eating cheese before going to bed.
3. A) They might actually cause more serious sleeping problems.
B) They help produce a substance that induces sleep.
C) You must not drink milk if you take them.
D) They make it unnecessary to take naps.
4. A) At a doctor’s office. C) At a radio station.
B) In a biology lab. D) In a lecture hall.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) A movie. C) A poem.
B) A book. D) A drama.
6. A) It is as good as the previous ones.
B) It is more fantastic than the previous ones.
C) It is funnier than the previous ones.
D) It is worse than the previous ones.
7. A) The funny dialogues. C) The outstanding actors.
B) The special effects. D) The mysterious roles.
21
· ·8. A) The overall plot. C) The boring writing.
B) The theme song. D) The character development.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Improve themselves. C) Follow the cultural tradition.
B) Get rid of empty dreams. D) Attempt something impossible.
10. A) By finding sufficient support for implementation.
B) By taking into account their own ability to change.
C) By constantly keeping in mind their ultimate goals.
D) By making detailed plans and carrying them out.
11. A) To show people how to get their lives back to normal.
B) To show how difficult it is for people to lose weight.
C) To remind people to check the calories on food bags.
D) To illustrate how easily people abandon their goals.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Germany. C) The US.
B) Japan. D) The UK.
13. A) By doing odd jobs at weekends.
B) By working long hours every day.
C) By putting in more hours each week.
D) By taking shorter vacations each year.
14. A) To combat competition and raise productivity.
B) To provide them with more job opportunities.
C) To help them maintain their living standards.
D) To prevent them from holding a second job.
15. A) Change their jobs. C) Reduce their working hours.
B) Earn more money. D) Strengthen the government’s role.
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or
: ,
four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question you must choose
,
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then mark the corresponding
), ), ) )
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) Try different classes to make sure which major fits you.
22
· ·B) Never change majors once you’ve just started the course.
C) Change majors once a year to prepare for your future career.
D) Make a right decision about majors before you start college.
17. A) Learning how to change majors.
B) Deciding which professor to follow.
C) Learning how to manage time.
D) Making sure how to learn.
18. A) Different experiences in Europe.
B) Different social and sport organizations.
C) Different majors in your college.
D) Different part-time jobs.
19. A) We can spend most time having fun in college.
B) We are able to find our spouse in college.
C) We can keep healthy mentally and physically in college.
D) We can develop our personalities and make friends in college.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
20. A) Practising in a friendly environment.
B) Writing articles on relevant subjects.
C) Giving members the chance to practise.
D) Going to different weekly meetings.
21. A) Sending all messages simultaneously to the audience.
B) Learning from a famous public-speaking professor.
C) Simplifying and breaking down the presentation.
Speaking of Speech
D) Using a book named .
22. A) The visual message shown to the audience.
B) The physical message sent through body movements.
C) The three basic messages sent by presenters.
D) The verbal message presenters say to the audience.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) They affect all agricultural production worldwide.
B) They impact most part of the crops in the field.
C) They destroy up to 22% of the crops before harvest.
D) They destroy about 10% to 16% of the world’s crops in the field.
24. A) Unusual insects. C) Different organisms.
B) Crop pests and diseases. D) Only viruses and bacteria.
25. A) It will put the productive farmland in danger.
B) It may improve conditions for some invasive species.
C) It is a warning sign for people to do something.
D) It may push crop pests moving toward the poles.
23
· ·Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
.
密生西葫芦 花
As the recent courgette( ) crisis and shortages of lettuces, eggplants and broccoli(
椰菜
) have shown, Spain’s fame as the vegetable garden of Europe is well deserved. The country’s
huge agricultural sector—courgettes, lettuces, tomatoes and strawberries— 26 a huge demand.
There has been a major 27 towards mechanization since the 1950s, but just as in the UK,
many crops still need to be harvested by hand, and many farmers rely on migrant labour. Even where
mechanisation can be used, picking machines tend to be too expensive and 28 for small-scale
farmers.
The tension between locals and migrant workers, 29 from North and Sub-Saharan Africa and
Eastern Europe—is not a big problem, as many of the foreign workers have proper 30 and return to
the same farms year after year. They’re known and that’s important.
Alfrut—a company in the south-western province of Huelva that exports strawberries, raspberries,
and other fruits around the EU—still harvests by hand. “There is a machine that gathers strawberries,
but you have to 31 the crop to the machine,” says Agustin Muriel, a technical and quality control
expert at Alfrut. “If we were to use machines, we would have to 32 our entire infrastructure and it
would require a lot of investment in machinery, which is designed mainly for large areas and really big
companies.”
He adds that the 33 , manual approach is likely to continue for the 34 future, as fruit
prices aren’ t high enough to allow farmers to make big 35 in machinery or spend money
重新配置
reconfiguring( ) their operations.
A) adapt I) investments
B) attach J) modify
C) contracts K) predominantly
D) feeds L) preference
E) foreseeable M) shift
F) heralds N) traditional
G) impractical O) unexpectedly
H) inaccessible
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
.
24
· ·A Best Friend You Must Be Kidding
?
A) From the time they met in kindergarten until they were 15, Robin Shreeves and her friend
Penny were inseparable. They rode bikes, played kickball in the street, swam all summer long and
listened to music on the stereo. They told each other secrets like which boys they thought were cute, as
best friends always do.
B) Today, Ms. Shreeves, of suburban Philadelphia, is the mother of two boys. Her 10-year-old
has a best friend. In fact, he is the son of Ms. Shreeves’s own friend, Penny. But Ms. Shreeves’s
younger son, 8, does not. His favorite playmate is a boy who was in his preschool class, but Ms.
Shreeves says that the two don’ t get together very often because scheduling play dates can be
complicated; they usually have to be planned a week or more in advance. “He’ll say, ‘I wish I had
someone I can always call,’” Ms. Shreeves said.
C) One might be tempted to feel some sympathy for the younger son. After all, from Tom Sawyer
and Huck Finn to Harry Potter and Ron Weasley, the childhood “best friend” has long been
romanticized in literature and pop culture—not to mention in the sentimental memories of countless
adults.
D) But increasingly, some educators and other professionals who work with children are asking a
question that might surprise their parents: Should a child really have a best friend?
E) Most children naturally seek close friends. In a survey of nearly 3,000 Americans aged 8 to
24 conducted last year by Harris Interactive,94 percent said they had at least one close friend. But the
classic best-friend bond—the two special pals who share secrets and exploits, who attract each other on
the playground and who head out the door together every day after school—signals potential trouble for
school officials intent on discouraging anything that hints at exclusivity, in part because of concerns
帮派
about cliques( ) and bullying.
F) “I think it is kids’ preference to pair up and have that one best friend. As adults—teachers
and counselors—we try to encourage them not to do that,” said Christine Laycob,the director of
counseling at Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School in St. Louis. “We try to talk to kids and
work with them to get them to have big groups of friends and not to be so possessive about friends.”
“Parents sometimes say Johnny needs that one special friend,” she continued. “We say he doesn’t
need a best friend.”
G) For many child-rearing experts, the ideal situation might well be that of Matthew and Margaret
Guest, 12-year-old twins in suburban Atlanta, who almost always socialize in a pack. One typical
Friday afternoon, about 10 boys and girls filled the Guest family backyard. Kids were jumping on the
蹦床
trampoline( ), shooting baskets and playing hide-and-seek. Neither Margaret nor Matthew has ever
had a best friend. “I just really don’t have one person I like more than others,” Margaret said. “Most
people have lots of friends,” Matthew said. He considers 12 boys to be his good friends and he sees
most of them “pretty much every weekend”. Their mother, Laura Guest, said their school tries to
prevent bullying through workshops and posters. And extracurricular activities keep her children group-
oriented—Margaret is on the swim team and does gymnastics; Matthew plays football and baseball.
H) As the calendar moves into summer, efforts to manage friendships don’t stop with the closing
of school. In recent years Timber Lake Camp, a co-ed sleep-away camp in Phoenicia, has started
25
· ·employing “friendship coaches” to work with campers to help every child become friends with everyone
else. If two children seem to be too focused on each other, the camp will make sure to put them on
different sports teams, seat them at different ends of the dining table or, perhaps, have a counselor
invite one of them to participate in an activity with another child whom they haven’t yet gotten to
know. “I don’t think it’s particularly healthy for a child to rely on one friend,” said Jay Jacobs, the
camp’s director. “If something goes wrong, it can be devastating. It also limits a child’s ability to
explore other options in the world.”
I) But such an attitude worries some psychologists who fear that children will be denied the strong
emotional support and security that comes with intimate friendships. “Do we want to encourage kids to
have all sorts of superficial relationships? Is that how we really want to rear our children?” asked Brett
Laursen, a psychology professor at Florida Atlantic University whose specialty is peer
relationships. “Imagine the implication for romantic relationships. We want children to get good at
leading close relationships,not superficial ones.” Many psychologists believe that close childhood
friendships not only increase a child’s self-esteem and confidence, but also help children develop the
skills for healthy adult relationships—everything from empathy, the ability to listen and console, to the
process of arguing and making up. If children’s friendships are designed and cleaned by adults, the
argument goes: How is a child to prepare emotionally for both the affection and rejection likely to come
later in life?
J) “No one can teach you what a great friend is, what a fair-weather friend is, what a betraying
friend is except to have a great friend, a fair-weather friend or a betraying friend,” said Michael
Best Friends Worst Enemies Understanding the
Thompson, a psychologist who is an author of the book , :
Social Lives of Children.
“When a teacher is trying to tone down a best-friend culture, I would like to
know why,” Dr. Thompson said. “Is it causing misery for the class? Or is there one girl who does have
friends but just can’t bear the thought that she doesn’t have as good a best friend as another? That to
me is normal social pain. If you’re intervening in the lives of kids who are just experiencing normal
social pain, you shouldn’t be.”
K) Schools insist they don’t intend to break up close friendships but rather to encourage courtesy,
respect and kindness to all. “I don’t see schools really in the business of trying to prevent friendships
as they are trying to give students an opportunity to interact socially with other students in a variety of
different ways,” said Patti Kinney, who was a teacher and a principal in an Oregon middle school for
33 years and is now an official at the National Association of Secondary School Principals.
L) Still, school officials admit they watch close friendships carefully for adverse effects. “When
two children discover a special bond between them, we honor that bond, provided that neither child
overtly or covertly excludes or rejects others,” said Jan Mooney, a psychologist at the Town School, a
nursery through eighth grade private school on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. “However, the
bottom line is that if we find a best friend pairing to be destructive to either child, or to others in the
classroom, we will not hesitate to separate children and to work with the children and their parents to
ensure healthier relationships in the future.”
36. Some psychologists believe that close friendships can offer strong emotional support and
security.
26
· ·37. Ms. Shreeves’s younger son does not play with his favorite playmate very often due to the
complexity of scheduling play dates.
38. Patti Kinney thinks that schools are not against close friendships but trying to help kids
socialize with all fellow students.
39. For school officials, the best-friend bond can be troublesome partly because it may result in
cliques or bullying.
40. According to Dr. Thompson, kids should experience for themselves normal social pain without
the intervention of adults.
41. Christine Laycob believes that adults should discourage kids from being possessive about
friends.
42. Brett Laursen encourages children to have close relationships rather than superficial ones.
43. Many child-rearing experts advocate that children socialize in a pack like Matthew and
Margaret.
44. If an intimate friendship brings about adverse effects, school officials will take measures to
separate the intimate friends.
45. In Timber Lake Camp, campers are prevented from relying on one friend too much.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre
.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Police officers may hope that their presence in schools will help them build strong relationships with
students, improving police-community relations over the long term. But achieving that goal may require
rethinking law enforcement’s role in education, a new report suggests.
Education Week
Looking at federal data from the 2013-2014 school year, researchers at found that
students in schools with at least one school resource officer(SRO) were 1.5 times likely to be arrested
than their peers in schools that did not have a police presence. The disparity is particularly stark for
black students, possibly because police presence is concentrated in districts with a higher proportion of
minority students. Black boys were three times more likely to be arrested at school than white boys, the
report found.
Rather than building relationships and improving outcomes, students who are arrested or referred to
law enforcement can see a drop in school performance and are disproportionately more likely to get
involved with the law again as adults, researchers say. Racial bias means that outcomes are particularly
poor in communities of color.
Spurred by rising fears of violent crime during the 1980s and 1990s, some schools began turning to
police to increase safety on campus. With federal funding, their presence only grew. Following
tragedies like the school shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado, an increasing number of
parents called for security measures like metal detectors and armed officers. By 2013-2014, 44,000
27
· ·“school resource officers” worked in schools on a full-or part-time basis.
In some cases, hiring these officers has resulted in an impressive drop in incidents. But the
national picture is less positive. Particularly in schools with a high proportion of minorities, the SROs
are overused, taking on disciplinary functions that classroom teachers have traditionally performed,
experts say.
Arresting students, rather than having a classroom teacher discipline them, brings financial and
emotional costs. An American Civil Liberties Union report found that arrested students were twice as
likely to drop out of high school—and for those who appeared in court, that figure doubled.
Compounding the problem, the cost of employing school resource officers means many schools with
a police presence are less likely to have school counselors who can keep an eye on the psychological and
Education Week
developmental effects of arrests on children, reported. Detaining students also drains
the budget of money that could be used to educate them.
纪律严明者
So how can police officers help ensure safety without becoming disciplinarians( ) who
grease the school-to-prison pipeline? Training is key, National Association of School Resource Officers
Education Week
executive director Mo Canady told . SROs should see themselves not only as members of
law enforcement, but also embrace their role as educators on issues like drug prevention and as informal
counselors for students, Mr. Canady said.
46. The federal data quoted in Paragraph Two indicate that .
A) schools in minority district are in need of SROs
B) police officers tend to arrest minority students
C) the existence of SROs intensifies campus violence
D) the SROs may have failed to function as expected
47. What may be the negative effect of deploying SROs?
A) It exerted more law enforcement than necessary.
B) It disturbed the normal teaching practices.
C) It posed risks to students’ psychological health.
D) It frustrated the enthusiasm of faculty members.
48. What does the author think of the measure of employing SROs?
A) Its real effect remains to be seen.
B) It should be vigorously promoted.
C) There’s still room for improvement.
D) It causes more harm than good.
49. What does “grease the school-to-prison pipeline”(Line 2, Para. 8) most probably mean?
A) To effectively prevent juvenile crime.
B) To lead more students to be arrested.
C) To help ensure the safety on campus.
D) To tighten the school-to-prison link.
50. In the last paragraph, the author advises the SROs to .
A) work harder to ensure school safety
B) reinforce their roles as disciplinarians
28
· ·C) adjust their function in education
D) care more about students’ mental health
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
A UK supermarket has become the first in the world to let shoppers pay for groceries using just the
veins in their fingertips.
Customers at the Costcutter store, at Brunel University in London, can now pay using their unique
vein pattern to identify themselves.
The firm behind the technology, Sthaler, has said it is in “serious talks” with other major UK
supermarkets to adopt hi-tech finger vein scanners at pay points across thousands of stores.
红外线
It works by using infrared( ) to scan people’s finger veins and then links this unique
生物特征识别的
biometric( ) map to their bank cards. Customers’ bank details are then stored with
payment provider Worldpay, in the same way you can store your card details when shopping
online. Shoppers can then turn up to the supermarket with nothing on them but their own hands and use
it to make payments in just three seconds.
It comes as previous studies have found fingerprint recognition, used widely on mobile phones, is
vulnerable to being hacked and can be copied even from finger smears left on phone screens.
But Sthaler claims vein technology is the most secure biometric identification method as it cannot
be copied or stolen.
Sthaler said dozens of students were already using the system and it expected 3,000 students out of
13,000 to have signed up by November.
Vein scanners are also used as a way of accessing high-security UK police buildings and authorising
internal trading at least one major British investment bank.
The firm is also in discussions with nightclubs, gyms about using the technology to verify
membership and even Premier League football clubs to check whether people have the right access to
VIP hospitality areas.
The technology uses an infrared light to create a detailed map of the vein pattern in your finger. It
requires the person to be alive, meaning in the unlikely event that if a criminal hacks off someone’s
finger, it would not work. Sthaler said it takes just one minute to sign up to the system initially and,
after that, it takes just seconds to place your finger in a scanner each time you reach the supermarket
checkout.
Daily Telegraph
Simon Binns, commercial director of Sthaler, told the : “This makes payments so
much easier for customers. They don’t need to carry cash or cards. They don’t need to remember a
PIN number. You just bring yourself. This is the safest form of biometrics. There are no known
incidences where this security has been breached. When you put your finger in the scanner it checks
血红蛋白
you are alive, it checks for a pulse, and it checks for haemoglobin( ). Your vein pattern is
secure because it is kept on a database in an encrypted form, as binary numbers. No card details are
stored with the retailer or ourselves; it is held with Worldpay, in the same way it is when you buy
online.”
29
· ·51. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that .
A) the Costcutter store offers the finger vein payment in the world first
B) there are no two identical fingerprints in the world
C) Sthaler has spread its finger vein recognition technology to the overseas market
D) customers have their finger veins scanned at the checkout in British supermarkets
52. Making payments with the finger vein scanners in physical stores and submitting payments
online .
A) show the difference in how to link to shoppers’ bank cards
B) choose the same storage location for users’ bank details
C) yield the same better-than-expected results
D) differ in the degree of difficulty in the payment process
53. Fingerprint identification technology is .
A) widely applied in communication
B) most exposed to cyber attacks
C) likely to be duplicated from finger marks
D) the safest way of biometric recognition
54. The finger vein scanners are already used to authenticate users to get into .
A) universities C) investment banks
B) police stations D) VIP sections
55. As to the technology developed by his company, Simon Binns pointed out that .
A) there was no use paying with someone else’s finger
B) customers didn’t have to waste energy memorizing ID numbers
C) no severe safety accidents arose in its system
D) neither Sthaler nor the sellers preserved customers’ card details
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
.
中国数千年的传统文化对当代的年轻人来说是一笔宝贵的财富 它既体现在百花齐放
。
的政治学和哲学之中 也融入在精美绝伦的手工制品之内 当代中国正以一种史无前例的
, 。
速度急速发展 它急需寻找其独特的文化根基 同时它又需要中国人对自己的传统文化建立
, ,
起信心和自豪感 此外 传统文化中蕴含的先贤之道可以帮助我们解决旷日持久的棘手问题
。 , 。
儒家 的伦理学教会我们三省吾身的同时又要尊敬别人 而墨家 的兼爱理论
(Confucius) , (Mencius)
可以用来打破今日的战争僵局
。
30
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(四)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the proverb
: ,
He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. You can give an example or two to illustrate your
“ ”
point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
.
Part Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
) .
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Open a deposit account for her company.
B) Withdraw some money to pay a bill.
C) Transfer some money to a company account.
D) Change her address she registered in the bank before.
2. A) Within two days.
B) Right now.
C) After the woman have got the needed information.
D) After the man have got his manager’s approval.
3. A) Because there is a very big sum of money in her account.
B) Because he has no authority to close accounts for customers.
C) Because the bank doesn’t have so much money right now.
D) Because he needs to arrange a security guard for the woman.
4. A) Tired. C) Alert.
B) Excited. D) Curious.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) How confidence helps people. C) How lack of confidence harms people.
B) How over-confidence harms people. D) How to develop self-confidence.
6. A) They are likely to die earlier.
B) They are likely to prolong their lives.
C) Two thirds of them are likely to get cured in the end.
D) They are twice as likely to get cured in the end.
7. A) They come into his laboratory with passion.
B) They come into his laboratory full of confidence.
C) They have been in the middle of their classes.
D) They have struggled hard to enter the university.
31
· ·8. A) Evidence is needed in every step of teaching.
B) Confidence is a must for a qualified teacher.
C) Knowledge can be gained from critical thinking.
D) Opportunities can be gained from self-confidence.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) It is a program for girls to practise outdoor skills.
B) It is a program for women explorers.
C) It is a program charging no fees.
D) It is a program for mountaineering enthusiasts.
10. A) Five. C) Twelve.
B) Nine. D) Fourteen.
11. A) Participants should have a higher education background.
B) Interested girls should write to explain why they want to participate.
C) Knowing some basics of outdoor skills is a must for participants.
D) Easy-going girls are more likely to be accepted as participants.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) They are terrifying in appearance.
B) They are attractive but poisonous.
C) They are on the edge of extinction.
D) They are native to the North Pacific.
13. A) They are threatening the sea life in the area.
B) They are diversifying its marine environment.
C) They are simplifying the food-chain of the area.
D) They are affecting the local tourism.
14. A) It is a government-funded team. C) It is an expert-led team.
B) It is a private team. D) It is a student-led team.
15. A) By putting it into a tank full of the fish.
B) By remote-controlling it to attack the fish.
C) By showing it thousands of images of the fish.
D) By equipping it with a sensing device.
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or
: ,
four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question you must choose
,
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then mark the corresponding
), ), ) )
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
32
· ·Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) It is a scientific group doing research in Antarctica.
B) It is an independent group aiming to protect wildlife.
C) It is an independent group aiming to protect the environment.
D) It is a scientific group exploring the currents around the Antarctica Ocean.
17. A) Approximately 1.8 million tons.
B) Approximately 8 million tons.
C) Approximately 18 million tons.
D) Approximately 80 million tons.
18. A) Ban all single-use plastic by 2022.
B) Organize more waste clean-up activities.
C) Develop and produce degradable plastic bags.
D) Ask movie stars to promote environmental protection.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) People tend to choose the latest brand of cars.
B) The auto industry is undergoing intense competition.
C) More and more buyers want to buy eco-friendly cars.
D) A large number of automakers are desperate for innovation.
20. A) They cost twice as much as traditional cars.
B) They are now available only in a few countries.
C) Drivers need to replace the batteries often to avoid sudden breakdown.
D) Drivers need to charge the batteries frequently during a long journey.
21. A) It is now popular all around the world.
B) It can only be built into specially designed roads.
C) It can be built into existing roads.
D) It has undergone three years’ development.
22. A) It is implemented by one single company.
B) It costs 5 million dollars per kilometer.
C) It is not effective under extreme weather.
D) It has not been ready for wide industrial use yet.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) Its moving path. C) Its formation.
B) Its intensity. D) Its scale.
24. A) They are of finite use. C) They are misleading.
B) They are not referential. D) They are quite accurate.
25. A) It involves more than eight low-orbit satellites.
B) It can send back all needed information about hurricanes.
C) It has successfully helped predict the intensity of hurricanes in 2017.
D) It can measure surface winds in and near the centre of tropical storm systems.
33
· ·Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
.
If you had to guess the organ that has undue influence on your emotions, your mood, even your
choices, what would you guess? The brain? Sure, but what else? The heart—that 26 seat of the
soul? Not quite. The stomach? You’re getting warmer. Would you believe it’s the large and small
微
intestine, 27 known as the gut? More specifically, it’s the trillions of bacteria—the microbiota(
生物群
)—than live in your gut. Each of us 28 up to four and a half pounds of bacteria around in
our guts at any given time. More than 100 trillion microbes live down there. That’s as many cells as
make up the rest of your body.
Now, this crowd is mostly good guys, and they do important work, to the extent that some
scientists 29 classifying these collective microbiota as its own 30 . Aside from helping digest
our food, they protect us from disease, neutralize some of the toxic by-products of the 31 process,
and make it harder for bad bacteria to set up shop. In short, your gut does way more than just digest
everything from Cheetos to Camembert.
But it turns out gut bacteria may also 32 how we feel. Who knew the next 33 in mental
well-being would lead right to the toilet? With that lively 34 in mind, we know here are various
ways our microbiota are 35 to our mental health.
A) advocate I) gathers
B) affect J) image
C) attached K) irreplaceable
D) carries L) mythical
E) collectively M) notoriously
F) connected N) organ
G) digestive O) result
H) frontier
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
.
Exercise Is Good for Your Body and Your Mind
A) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and lowers risk of heart
The Lancet Psychiatry
disease, stroke and diabetes. A new study published on Wednesday in journal
34
· ·suggests that when done in moderation, it leads to better mental health as well. The researchers
analyzed responses from 1. 2 million adults in the United States taken from a US Centres for Disease
Control and Prevention survey given in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The average number of days of poor
mental health per person in the past month was around 3.4, according to the study. Those who reported
exercising had about 1.5, or 43%, fewer days of “bad self-reported mental health” in the past month
compared to those who did not exercise. Poor mental health was reported in the study as stress,
depression and trouble with emotions.
B) “I think in comparison to all other treatments, when a patient successfully exercises at the right
dose, there is a sense of self-efficacy and confidence that the patient develops and that is absolutely also
a remarkably positive thing,” said Dr. Madhukar Trivedi, Director of the Centre for Depression
Research and Clinical Care at the Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute at UT Southwestern Medical
JAMA Psychiatry
Centre in Dallas. He was not involved with the study but recently published a paper in
linking midlife fitness with lower risk of depression.
C) “I think it’s a huge deal,” said Adam Chekroud, an author of the study and Assistant
Professor of Psychiatry at Yale University. “Even just walking three times a week seems to give people
better mental health than not exercising at all. I think from a public health perspective, it’s pretty
important because it shows that we can have the potential for having a pretty big impact on mental health
for a lot of people.”
D) The sweet spot for exercising was found to be 45-minute sessions three to five times a
week. There wasn’t a big difference in benefit for exercising beyond 90 minutes in a session—until one
hit the three-hour mark. After that, there appeared to be worse mental health associated with those
people compared to others who did not exercise at all.
E) “I think it makes sense,” Chekroud said. “If you’re not exercising enough, perhaps that’s
not giving you the biological aspect of exercise, and maybe you’re not putting your body through the
intensity and through the changes that it needs to stimulate those biological changes in the brain. And
on the high end, anecdotally we hear a lot about people who get addicted to exercise or maybe they’re
kind of running themselves into the ground.”
F) Though all forms of exercise resulted in better mental health compared to doing nothing, the
strongest association was found in people who played popular team sports(a 22% lower mental health
burden), cycling(22%) and other aerobic and gym activities(20%). Even completing household
chores led to about a 10% drop in days of poor mental health in a month, the researchers found.
“Exercise in group settings could have a slightly higher benefit than exercise alone,” Trivedi said.
“There’s not enough evidence to be very strong but that could be what happened.”
G) As for cycling, Chekroud, who is also chief scientist at Spring Health, said, “There’s the
呼吸的
biological benefit of exercise. And you’ve had increases in your respiratory( ) rate and your
heart rate and that kind of thing. But also, it’s an opportunity where you’re not working for a relatively
long period of time and you get to think things through, perhaps reevaluate situations that happen in
your life.”
H) The authors adjusted various physical and sociodemographic factors like age, race, gender,
35
· ·marital status, socioeconomic status, education, self-reported physical health and previous diagnosis of
depression. Still the improvement seen from exercise was more than what could be seen from any other
modifiable social or demographic factor such as education, body mass index or household income.
I) Seventy-five types of “exercise” were included in the report, leading to some experts preferring
another label instead. “In the current study, we see the inclusion of activities such as childcare,
housework, lawn-mowing, carpentry, fishing, and yoga as forms of exercise,” wrote Dr. Gary Cooney,
a psychiatrist at Gartnavel Royal Hospital in the United Kingdom in an accompanying commentary
published with the article. “The study, in its all-encompassing approach, might more accurately be
considered a study in physical activity rather than exercise.”
J) Though the study is purportedly the largest of its size, and “unprecedented in scale”, it does
have a few limitations, Cooney said. Mental health disorders are not a monolith and there are discrete
factors involved in research and clinical purposes of various conditions like dementia, substance misuse
or personality disorder, he said.
K) “There is an uncomfortable interchangeability between mental health and depression, as if
these concepts were functionally equivalent, or as if other mental disorders were somewhat peripheral,”
wrote Cooney, who also cited the authors’ choice to research previous studies regarding exercise and
depression. Consequently, the study may offer the most guidance in depression research.
L) “I think that particular concern is more of an academic concern rather than a practical
concern,” Chekroud countered. “I think part of the reason why we were less concerned about that than
the particular commentary was that we know that depression and anxiety are the most common mental
health conditions. And when we talk about mental health, most people have mood or anxiety
精神分裂症
disorders. So it’s true that some people will have things like schizophrenia( ) or bipolar
躁狂抑郁性精神病
disorder( ) but those conditions make up a very small percentage of the
population.” “In the future we can start to maybe hone in on different illness categories and maybe we
would see a different pattern, but I think overall though it’s kind of an edge case in this situation,” he
added.
M) And because the answers to the survey are self-reported, individuals who have conditions like
分裂情感性障碍
schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder( ) or bipolar affective disorder, may have a
diminished ability to do so accurately, Cooney said.
N) The next step in research is asking more detailed questions and following up with people in the
long term, Trivedi said. The authors of the study also propose collecting data from wearable trackers,
like Fitbit, to more precisely determine how frequency, duration and intensity of exercise and mental
health burden are connected.
O) “People and patients should actually get well informed and become informed consumers and
ask their doctors about whether this is a valid treatment for them or not,” Trivedi said. “And if the
doctor says yes, then you try to figure out a plan to make sure like any other treatment—if you get pills,
then you figure out a way to take them regularly. If your doctor and you decide exercise is your
treatment, then you develop strategies to make sure you basically swallow the pill.”
36. People who exercised for between 1. 5 and 3 hours were almost in the same mental health
condition as those who did for three quarters of an hour.
36
· ·37. The chief scientist at Spring Health believes that people can consider things thoroughly or
reassess what goes on in their life when cycling.
38. Dr. Gary Cooney prefers to use the label of physical activity instead of exercise in the
report.
39. Respondents with psychological problems like bipolar affective disorder may be less able to
make correct self-reports.
40. According to the data from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, participants
without exercise felt stressful or depressed more of ten than those who exercised.
41. In Chekroud’s opinion, the mental health problems except depression and anxiety are less
mentioned in the study partly because they are edge cases.
42. The contribution made to mental health by changeable social or demographic factors was less
than that made by exercise.
43. After doctors’ verification, patients should make a plan for exercise and perform it regularly
like taking medicine.
JAMA Psychiatry
44. What Dr. Madhukar Trivedi has written in is that keeping fit in middle age
can reduce the incidence of depression.
45. Even doing housework can reduce about 10% of days of poor mental health every month.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre
.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The Hunchback of Notre
Clues suggesting that Quasimodo, the tragic hero of Victor Hugo’s novel
Dame
, is based on a historical figure have been uncovered in the memoirs of Henry Sibson, a 19th-
century British sculptor who was employed at the cathedral at around the time the book was written and
驼背的
who described a hunchbacked( ) stonemason also working there.
The documents were acquired by the Tate Archive in 1999 after they were discovered in the attic of
a house in Cornwall. However, the references to a “hunchbacked sculptor” working at Notre Dame
were just discovered, as the memoirs were catalogued ahead of the archive’s 40th anniversary this
year.
The seven-volume memoirs documented Sibson’s time in Paris during the 1820s, when he was
employed by contractors to work on repairs to Notre Dame Cathedral. In the course of work, he met with
Trajan, a carver under the government sculptor whose name he forgot. All that he knew was that he was
humpbacked and he did not like to mix with carvers. In a later entry, Sibson again mentioned the
sculptor, this time recalling his name as “Mon. Le Bossu”. Le Bossu is French for “the hunchback”.
Adrian Glew, the Tate archivist, who made the discovery, said, “When I saw the references to the
humpbacked sculptor at Notre Dame, and saw that the dates matched the time of Hugo’s interest in the
Cathedral, the hairs on the back of my neck rose and I thought I should look into it.”
37
· ·The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Hugo began writing in 1828 and the book was published three years
later. He had a strong interest in the restoration of the Cathedral, with architecture features as a major
新古典主义的
theme in the book. Hugo publicly opposed the original neoclassical( ) scheme for Notre
Dame’s restoration led by the architect Etienne-Hippolyte Godde—the same scheme which Sibson
describes Le Bossu and Trajan working on—favoring a more Gothic style for the cathedral. The
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
publication of in 1831, which made Hugo one of France’ s most
acclaimed authors, was widely credited with prompting the Gothic restoration of the Cathedral in 1844,
designed by the architect Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, which Hugo had championed.
Professor Sean Hand, the head of the Department of French Studies at the University of Warwick,
and an expert on Hugo, said, “It is a fascinating discovery. Many scholars have tried to link
Quasimodo’s deformities with certain medical conditions, but I have never seen any reference to a
historical character that he may have been based upon. It sounds entirely plausible, and if Hugo was
indeed inspired by this deformed stonemason at Notre Dame, it further renews our appreciation of his
amazing imaginative powers to take details from real life and weave them into magical literature.”
46. What has been found in the memoirs of Henry Sibson?
A) The background information of the 19th-century France.
B) The imagination and mythical creation of Victor Hugo.
C) The real-life inspiration behind the deformed Quasimodo.
D) The private life and associations of Victor Hugo.
47. When did people discover the references to the hunchbacked sculptor working at Notre Dame?
A) After the documents were discovered in the attic of a house in Cornwall.
B) After the documents were acquired by the Tate Archive in 1999.
C) Long before the ceremony of the Tate Archive’s 40th anniversary.
D) Just as the staff catalogued the memoirs before the ceremony of the Tate Archive’s 40th
anniversary.
48. What made Adrian Glew look into the memoirs?
A) The appearance of the carver Trajan.
B) The restoration of Notre Dame.
C) The mention of working with government sculptors.
D) The same dates as the time of Hugo’s interest in Notre Dame.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
49. The publication of was thought to result in .
A) the Gothic restoration of Notre Dame in 1844
B) the neoclassical restoration of Notre Dame
C) the championship of Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
D) the reputation of Le Bossu’s and Trajan’s work
50. How does Professor Sean Hand think of the discovery?
A) It needs further evidence to prove the relationship.
B) It sounds reliable with regard to the story.
C) It is significant for estimating Hugo’s life.
D) It is an appreciative effort but may draw no valuable conclusions.
38
· ·Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be
turned away because they were born into a family without enough money for tuition; nor should getting a
交付
degree consign( ) a person to decades of crippling debt. For the sake of fairness, class mobility,
and the ideal of equality of opportunity, I believe generous financial aid should be available to all needy
students for whom a four-year degree is the best way to achieve the American dream.
But I also know America is overwhelmingly led by people with college degrees and white collar
backgrounds—people who overvalue their own path to success and rig the system against others who’d
thrive under a different approach. Our elites are too often blind to the value of education that is received
away from college, whether through apprenticeships or vocational schools or on-the-job training. They
don’t always understand that there are lots of blue-collar jobs that are more fulfilling, better paying,
and more in demand than lots of white-collar jobs. And they are blind to the wisdom in cultural enclaves
where a young person is not considered “culturally competent” until knowing how to perform CPR, help
a stranger change a flat, or work alongside people from different social classes without taking offense
when their etiquette is different than the etiquette at UCLA or Berkeley.
So rather than promising free tuition, I have a more inclusive proposal: No matter your race or
class or gender, you should be able to afford a degree from a public university without crippling debt if
that path best maximizes your potential; and we should all value the important work being done at
universities.
The future I want to see begins with redoubling America’s efforts at civic education in high
school. Everyone with a high-school diploma should have learned all the tools they need to meaningfully
participate as citizens in America’s government-by-the-people. In fact, adults who want to study
American civics now should have that opportunity.
Next, for everyone who earns their diploma or GED, I propose financial aid for college or for an
alternative investment in education that will help them toward any career that they choose, so long as
they demonstrate that they’ re making an informed decision. Yes, we’ ll need to be watchful to
骗子
fraudsters( ) eager to get a piece of that money without offering valuable knowledge in return. But
the problem will be no greater than under the status quo, when so much of the money that flows to
public universities is wasted on administrative expansion and luxurious campus installations.
Finally, so that those who pursue routes other than four-year colleges are treated more fairly, I
propose legal reforms to eliminate obstacles like professional-licensing requirements that amount to no
文凭至上主义
more than credentialism( ), and a shift away from insisting on a bachelor’s degree for
jobs that shouldn’t require one.
51. The first paragraph indicates that the best way to realize personal value in America is
by .
A) paying up all the debts C) acquiring equal opportunity
B) improving social mobility D) receiving higher education
52. According to the author, what may be the problem of the elites?
A) They are not open-minded enough.
39
· ·B) They misunderstand the job market.
C) They scorn people of lower classes.
D) They can’t adapt to the multi-culture.
53. It is implied that the aim to reinforce high school education is to .
A) maximize citizens’ potential C) involve people in public affairs
B) reform American civic education D) cultivate eligible citizens
54. The author suggests that the key to effective financial aid should lie in .
A) investing more in education C) remaining alert to cheaters
B) facilitating the career choice D) improving campus facilities
55. What is the conclusion of the last paragraph?
A) The four-year college education may not be worthwhile.
B) Professional-licensing demands are basically irrational.
C) Credentialism has become an obstacle of legal reform.
D) Diploma requirements should be set up to real needs.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
.
喝中国茶有两种方式 大碗茶给人一种随意的感觉 功夫茶 则令人对茶道有所
: ; (gongfu tea)
体会 功夫茶不是一种茶叶或茶的名字 而是一种极具传统文化特色的冲泡手艺 在中国古代被
。 , ,
视为长生不老之药 人们叫它功夫茶是因为它的冲泡过程很注重茶壶 茶叶 水质甚至泡茶的工
。 、 、
序 倒茶的动作与喝茶的方式 制作功夫茶主要使用的茶叶是乌龙茶 因为它能满足
、 。 (oolong tea),
功夫茶色 香 味的要求
、 、 。
40
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(五)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay to express your views on the
: ,
phenomenon of keeping pets in dormitories. You should write at least 150 words but no more than
200 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) The specialty of an applied linguist.
B) The definition of second language acquisition.
C) The causes of second language learning difficulty.
D) The language competence of children and adults.
2. A) Because they are not highly motivated.
B) Because they are not quite curious.
C) Because they are not rightly encouraged.
D) Because they are not fully confident.
3. A) They differ greatly with regard to vocabulary.
B) They cause no language learning problems.
C) They are similar in terms of grammar.
D) They are both complicated and analytic.
4. A) They should be effective in most situations.
B) They should be used to teach different languages.
C) They should be based on translation and grammar.
D) They should be adapted according to different conditions.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) It should be close to a city with colorful nightlife.
B) It should make your life convenient and meaningful.
C) It should enable a person to enjoy nightclubs and discos.
D) It should match with the buyer’s character.
6. A) City outskirts. C) The rural area.
B) The downtown. D) The coastal city.
7. A) They are more expensive than those in cities.
B) They might be cheaper than those in cities.
C) They are surprisingly low in price.
D) They are especially large in size.
41
· ·8. A) A house should be away from a busy street or main road.
B) A house should be close to famous schools.
C) The number of children of a family decides where to live.
D) A family affects the size of a house.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Asking him or her the same question repeatedly.
B) Looking into his or her eyes when questioning.
C) Analyzing his or her verbal expression.
D) Observing his or her body language.
10. A) Giving him or her a cigarette.
B) Talking with him or her.
C) Investigating him or her in advance.
D) Letting him or her chat to others.
11. A) Using facial expressions is the most common way.
B) Chatting is the most widely used way.
C) Using body language only works by accident.
D) Talking is the easiest way to use.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Telling them to look both ways for cars.
B) Telling them to follow other pedestrians.
C) Telling them not to look around.
D) Telling them not to race against time.
＄ ＄ ＄ ＄
13. A) 15 to 24. C) 24 to 99.
＄ ＄ ＄ ＄
B) 15 to 99. D) 15 to 19.
14. A) To establish a friendly traffic system.
B) To raise public awareness of safety.
C) To build a more civilized city.
D) To reduce the casualties of road accidents.
15. A) It is strict with the seniors.
B) It includes most of the electronic devices.
C) It is now welcomed by all the states.
D) It permits an exception in an emergency.
42
· ·Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or
: ,
four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question you must choose
,
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then mark the corresponding
), ), ) )
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) To make sure that they have a clear goal.
B) To assist them in choosing a suitable college.
C) To identify whether they should go to college to study further.
D) To help them decide whether to go to college and what to study.
17. A) Take some form of standardized test.
B) Get a certificate of their language level.
C) Apply for a visa in advance.
D) Send in their resume and a cover letter.
18. A) The adaptation process. C) The tuition fees.
B) The difficult courses. D) The study-life balance.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It sells fresh vegetables and fruits to city dwellers.
B) It endeavors to reduce Nigeria’s dependence on food imports.
C) It focuses on growing healthy and green vegetables.
D) It aims at health conscious people all over the country.
20. A) Measuring water consumption. C) Collecting household waste.
B) Measuring energy use. D) Reading bar codes.
21. A) It is experiencing a recession. C) It depends on technology.
B) It is now rather stable. D) It supports state-owned business.
22. A) They can be as successful as him. C) They are rather promising.
B) They are rather energetic. D) They need support from the world.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) Workers must obey the growing order of plants.
B) Workers can control the plants’ growing speed.
C) Plants are grown in sand.
D) Plants are grown indoors.
24. A) It grows crops at the same rate throughout the year.
B) It is a newly established indoor-farming company.
C) It is now growing 250 kinds of greens and herbs.
D) It needs more water to grow crops.
25. A) The number of calories. C) The different flavors.
B) The nutrition levels. D) The cooking methods.
43
· ·Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
A new study from researchers in Europe claims that the average IQ in Western nations dropped by
a staggering 14.1 points over the past century.
“We tested the 26 that the Victorians were cleverer than modern populations using high-
quality instruments, namely measures of simple visual reaction time in a meta-analytic study,” the
Intelligence
researchers wrote in the study, which was published online in the journal on Thursday.
“Simple reaction time measures correlate 27 with measures of general intelligence and are
considered elementary measures of 28 .”
The results might surprise some. Especially if the researchers were simply measuring visual
response time. After all, in a digital world constantly 29 for our attention, it would seem people
generally respond more quickly to visual stimuli. However, the results appear to indicate something
different.
The Victorian era ran roughly from 1837 to 1901, 30 with the reign of England’s Queen
the Reform Act
Victoria. Some have credited of 1832 with sparking an era of previously 31 peace
and prosperity in the U.K. The results were measured using data from 1889 to 2004 and were analyzed
by Michael A. Woodley in Brussels.
So why has there been such a 32 drop? As UPI notes, previous research studies have found
that women of higher intelligence tend to have fewer children on average, meaning that population
growth may be driven by those with a lower IQ. And over time, the abundance of less intelligent 33
would affect the overall IQ average. On average, the general intelligence of those populations measured
34 by 1. 23 points per decade. “These findings strongly indicate that with 35 to general
intelligence the Victorians were substantially cleverer than modern Western populations,” the study says.
A) aspect I) insignificantly
B) climbed J) offspring
C) cognition K) respect
D) coinciding L) sharp
E) competing M) steady
F) completing N) substantially
G) dropped O) unprecedented
H) hypothesis
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
.
44
· ·Is Nutritious Food Really Pricier and If so Is That Really the Problem
, , , ?
A) Nobody disagrees: We Americans eat badly. We eat too many calories, too much highly
processed food and not nearly enough vegetables. Why is that? Ask the question, and you get a lot of
answers, which is appropriate for a lot of answers, which is appropriate for a matter as complex as a
country’s diet. But one of the answers that bubbles to the top almost every time is that nutritious food
just costs more. Does it? There are two relevant questions here. The first is empirical: Is healthful food
more expensive? The second is behavioral: Is cost what stands between people and a better diet?
B) By one very straightforward measure, healthful eating does indeed cost more. If you look at the
cost of per calorie, nutrient-dense vegetables and fruits cost far more on average, than the
无所不在的 精制谷物
ubiquitous( ), nutrition-sparse sources of calories: refined grains( ), sugar and
vegetable oil.
C) The fact that vegetables are, on average, more expensive than, say, Doritos doesn’t mean you
have to abandon the idea of healthful eating and head for the snack food aisle. Sugar snap peas and
asparagus may bring up the average price of produce, but there are inexpensive calories in the category,
too. Think sweet potatoes.
D) An ordinary supermarket offers a variety of affordably priced calories to meet the daunting
＄
challenge of making your daily menu come in at under 4 per person, the average benefit under the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, informally referred to as food stamps. Similarly, there was
玉米煎饼
a frozen burrito( ) for 14 cents, canned beef ravioli for 17 cents and hot dogs for 10
cents. But the rock-bottom cheapest meal option was instant ramen, at 6 cents, a price point so
irresistible that I almost bought some. As inexpensive as it is, ramen isn’t the cheapest source of
calories at the grocery store. That honor belongs to all-purpose flour and vegetable oil, both of which
cost all of 2 cents per 100 calories.
E) No matter how cheap the processed foods are, the raw materials that go into them are even
cheaper. And, if those raw materials are so very cheap for us, imagine how cheap they are for Kraft. So
cheap that the company can manufacture a food out of them, box it, ship it and market it, and still sell
it for pennies. Even so, you almost always do better, cost-wise, when you buy the ingredients and cook
them yourself, which is one of the reasons that upgrading to a decent may cost less than you
think. A 2013 review of studies quantifying the price of a healthful vs. unhealthful diet found that the
＄
healthful version cost 1.48 more per person, per day.
＄
F) Although 1. 48 doesn’t sound like enough to make much difference in the quality of your
diet, it can buy a variety of cheap, nutritious staples: peanut butter, whole-grain pasta, whole-wheat
flour, eggs, rolled oats, pearled barley, corn flour, brown rice, dried black beans and unpopped
popcorn.
G) In that list, we find the crux of the issue. The healthful meals you can make at a price point
that competes with ramen are anchored by rice, beans and whole grains. And, if you have time and
skill, you can combine those with foods that cost a more, such as chicken thighs(13 cents), sweet
potatoes(38 cents), carrots(30 cents), frozen corn(25 cents), walnuts(30 cents), yogurt(36
＄
cents) or frozen broccoli(63 cents), and eat pretty well for under 4 per day.
H) Before we go on, let’s spend a moment on subsidies. Although farm subsidies have certainly
had an impact on the price of staples, that impact is dwarfed by the inherent costs of growing crops as
45
· ·different as corn and broccoli. In that particular case, broccoli costs 50 times what corn does to
grow. It’s also important to note that the same commodity programs that affect corn and soy subsidize
rolled oats, pearled barley, lentils, peanut butter and whole-wheat bread. Although I’m in favor of
修改
revamping( ) those programs, they can’t shoulder all the blame for ramen.
I) Back to our dinner of chicken, carrots and black beans, and to the single parent on a very
limited budget, who has the challenge of trying to carve out the time to make it, only to have her kids
complain that what they really want is instant ramen.
J) Adam Drewnowski, director of the University of Washington’s Center, tells me in an email,
“Obesity is almost entirely an economic issue, and the higher cost of healthier foods is the main
problem,” but he acknowledges that factors other than money come into play. He mentions two in
particular: skill and time, which can feed you well if money is in short supply.
K) So, sure, it’s possible to make a healthful dinner on a SNAP budget, but the other resources
required—time and skill—may be in short supply as well. Tonja Nansel, a senior investigator at the
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, points out that, if
cost were the major barrier, we’d expect higher-income groups to eat much better than lower-income
groups. “The difference in diet quality isn’t that big,” says Nansel, although it’s hard to determine
exactly what the difference is because of the limitations of data based on people’s ability to remember
what they ate yesterday. A 2013 study that attempted to quantify that difference found that the lowest-
income group did indeed eat less-nutritious diets than the wealthiest group, but if you compare the
lowest with the next group up, the diets are extremely similar. It’s not until you get to five times the
poverty level that diets improve, and even then it’s not a big jump. If cost were the primary driver of
poor diets, we’d expect a significant income boost to correspond to a significant improvement in diet,
＄
particularly since a meaningful improvement can be had for 1.48 per day.
L) Nobody I’ ve talked to disputes that cost is an issue. Likewise, nobody disputes that
convenience and preference are also issues. But it’s hard to say what’s most important. “Most people
prefer the taste of ramen to brown rice. They prefer chips to kale,” says Nansel. “The fact that we
would rather not have to look at some of those other reasons is part of reason cost gets so much
traction.” Food isn’t just nutrition. Food is pleasure, something very-low-income people have very few
sources of, says Nansel. That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t tackle cost at a policy level, she adds. “If
we can make healthful food more affordable and accessible, we ought to.”
M) Looking at cost as a barrier to eating well is much more comfortable than looking at preference,
which smacks of blaming the victim. The idea that our lousy diet was perpetrated on us, with the poor
as the most vulnerable, gets around that problem. But until we acknowledge that we—rich and poor—
are complicit in our food supply, that we help shape it every time we buy food we want to eat, we’re
unlikely to improve it.
36. A study indicates that no significant price differences were seen between nutritious diet and
unwholesome one.
37. According to one expert, the differences in diet quality between the rich and the poor are not
as obvious as expected.
38. Compared with the farm subsidies, the built-in costs of growing crops have a bigger impact on
the price of staples.
46
· ·39. For the poor, food can bring satisfaction and a sense of pleasure in addition to nutrition.
40. It’s easier to blame on costs and other external factors than on our own preference for food for
our unhealthy diet.
41. It’s generally thought that the main reason for the American’s unhealthy eating habits is the
cost of nutritious food.
42. No food is cheaper than all-purpose flour and vegetable oil as sources of calories in a common
supermarket.
43. One expert claimed that higher cost of healthier foods was the leading reason of obesity, but it
can be compensated by skill and time.
44. When taking time to cook despite a busy schedule, a single mom probably will find her kids
would rather eat instant ramen.
45. Having time and cooking skill, one could enjoy a wholesome meal on a very limited budget.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The night of December 16, 1773, dozens of Massachusetts colonists quietly boarded three ships
＄
and dumped what would now be close to 1 million worth of British tea into Boston Harbor.
The Sons of Liberty painted their faces and dressed like Native Americans. They barely spoke, to
avoid revealing their identities. “There appeared to be an understanding that each individual should
volunteer his services, keep his own secret, and risk the consequence for himself,” one of them
wrote. It worked. Only a single person was caught.
What if the British had access to modern surveillance technology? What if they’d had access to
face recognition?
Common Sense
From the Boston Tea Party to the printing of , the ability to dissent—and to do it
anonymously—was central to the founding of the United States. Anonymity was no luxury: It was a
crime to advocate separation from the British Crown. It was a crime to dump British tea into Boston
充满
Harbor. This trend persists. Our history is replete( ) with moments when it was a “crime” to do
the right thing, and legal to inflict injustice.
The latest crime-fighting tools, however, may eliminate people’ s ability to be anonymous.
Historically, surveillance technology has tracked our technology: our cars, our computers, our
phones. Face recognition technology tracks our bodies. And unlike fingerprinting or DNA analysis, face
recognition is designed to identify us from far away and in secret.
Face recognition is not just about finding terrorists. It’s about finding citizens. As a result of
simply having a driver’s license, over half of all American adults are enrolled in a criminal face
recognition network. While the details are murky, it appears that Baltimore County police used face
recognition to identify people protesting the death of Freddie Gray.
As law enforcement develops increasingly powerful surveillance tools, we need to ask ourselves:
47
· ·Are we building a world where no dissent is anonymous? A world where the Sons of Liberty are each
传讯
arraigned( ) as British tea still floats in Boston Harbor?
The answer to these questions has to be “no”. In the midst of a heated debate about encryption
and the need for privacy and security in our communications, it’s tempting to think that the solutions to
these problems will originate in Silicon Valley. They won’t. You can encrypt your hard drive. You can
encrypt your emails and texts. You cannot encrypt your face.
There may be technical means to avoid face recognition. Coincidentally, one of them echoes the
face paint worn by the Sons of Liberty. But face recognition’s threat to freedom will not be addressed
through a simple change in default settings. It will be addressed only through hard conversations, and
legislation, in Congress and state legislatures.
Song of Myself
“Writing and talk do not prove me,” wrote Walt Whitman in his . “I carry the
充分
plenum( ) of proof and everything else in my face.” We have grown accustomed to the monitoring
of our technology and communications. There is something different, something intractable and
ominous, about the tracking of our bodies.
46. What can be inferred from the event of Boston Tea Party?
A) Massachusetts natives sneaked onto the ships loaded with British tea.
＄
B) The value of the tea thrown into water was nearly 1 million then.
C) The participants took great pains to conceal their identities.
D) The people involved in it were all brought to justice.
47. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the fourth paragraph?
A) To show the importance of anonymity.
B) To evaluate two historical events.
C) To introduce an ongoing trend.
D) To criticize the injustice in history.
48. Which of the following tools is likely to deprive people of the ability to be anonymous?
A) Traditional monitoring technology.
B) Face recognition technology.
C) Fingerprint recognition technology.
D) DNA analysis.
49. By citing the example of Baltimore County police, the author intends to show .
A) the tool used by authorities to pursue terrorists
B) the adoption of face recognition for tracking citizens
C) the number of criminals registered online
D) the way to search for Freddie Gray’s killer
50. The threat that face recognition poses to humanity can only be solved through .
A) the research of Silicon Valley
B) the make-up of the Sons of Liberty
48
· ·C) the slight change on the face
D) dialogues and law-making in legislative body
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The 17 trillion gallons of rain, roughly 26m Olympic swimming pools, dumped on Texas by
Hurricane Harvey has set a new high for a tropical system in the US, but it is unlikely to last long as
rising man-made emissions push global climate deeper into uncharted territory.
洪泛的
Images of flooded streets in Texas are mirrored by scenes of inundated( ) communities in
India and Bangladesh, the recent mudslides in Sierra Leone and last month’s deadly overflow of a
支流
Yangtze tributary( ) in China. In part, these calamities are seasonal. In part, the impact depends
on local factors. But scientists tell us such extremes are likely to become more common and more
devastating as a result of rising global temperatures and increasingly intense rainfall.
Our planet is in an era of unwelcome records. For each of the past three years, temperatures have
气象学
hit peaks not seen since the birth of meteorology( ), and probably not for more than 110,000
years. The amount of carbon dioxide in the air is at its highest level in 4m years. This does not cause
storms like Harvey—there have always been storms and hurricanes at this time of year along the Gulf of
Mexico—but it makes them wetter and more powerful.
“For large countries like the United States, we can expect further rainfall records—and not just for
hurricanes,” said Friederike Otto, deputy director of the Environmental Change Institute at the
University of Oxford. This is part of a wider trend. “For the globe, we’ll see heat and extreme rainfall
records for the foreseeable future,” she predicted. She cautioned that the situation is likely to be
different from country to country. Many factors are involved, but human impact on the climate has
added to the tendency for more severe droughts and fiercer storms.
A key focus now is whether climate change is connected to the “stalling” of storms. In the US,
hurricanes usually move inland and diminish in power as they get further from the sea. Harvey,
however, was stationary for several days—which is the main factor in its rainfall record.
Scientists have said this may be the single biggest question posed by Harvey. Researchers have
recently identified a slowdown of atmospheric summer circulation in the mid-latitudes as a result of
strong warming in the Arctic. But such studies of pressure patterns need more powerful analytical tools,
including supercomputers.
In the US, however, such research has become highly politicized. President Donald Trump has
announced that the US will pull out of the Paris climate treaty and cut funding for related research. “It
shouldn’t be a political matter to try to understand how much more frequent events like Harvey will
become in the future,” said Tim Palmer, a professor at the University of Oxford. “It appalls me how
basic science has become involved in politics like this.”
51. What can we learn about Hurricane Harvey?
A) It destroyed about 26m Olympic swimming pools.
49
· ·B) It brought a record-breaking amount of rainfall.
C) It was soon put to an end by climate change.
D) It also brought unprecedented disasters to Asia.
52. The disasters mentioned in Para. 2 serve as examples to show that .
A) disasters in different areas share high similarity
B) most of the worldwide calamities are seasonal
C) extreme weathers are becoming more common
D) rising temperatures cause more intense rainfall
53. Which of the following statements may Otto agree with?
A) Storms and hurricanes have been getting stronger and wetter.
B) More extreme temperatures and rainfall may come in future.
C) It is not clear what factors may be involved in climate change.
D) Hurricanes in the US tend to come into being in inland areas.
54. It is suggested that the root cause of the “stalling” of storms might be .
A) varied pressure patterns C) improper human activities
B) warmer ocean currents D) slower atmospheric circulation
55. What is the scientific community’s response to President Trump’s announcement?
A) Quite critical. C) Rather indifferent.
B) Pretty favorable. D) Slightly Skeptical.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国人的饭局讲究最多 从座位的安排到上菜的顺序 从谁先动第一筷到什么时候可以离
。 ,
席 都有明确的规定 在中国人的饭局上 里面中间对着门的位置要给最重要的人坐 上菜时按
, 。 , ,
照先凉后热 先简后繁的顺序 吃饭时 要等坐在正中间的人动第一筷后 其他人才能跟着开吃
、 。 , , 。
中国人的好客在酒席上发挥得最充分 人与人的感情往往在敬酒时变得深厚 饭局开始时 主人
, 。 ,
通常要讲上几句话 之后便开始敬酒 主人先将自己杯中的酒一饮而尽 客人一般也要喝完
, 。 , 。
50
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(六)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence
: ,
There is no doubt that among all the important skills of human beings social skills are
“ ,
definitely one of the most important especially in the workplace. You can make comments cite
, ” ,
examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words
but no more than 200 words
.
Part Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) He has opened a new account.
B) Something’s wrong with his account.
C) He began to pay back a car loan.
D) He had to deal with a financial crisis.
2. A) The bank is providing more favorable incentives.
B) The bank is collecting more fees than he expected.
C) He receives a bank statement every month.
D) He can pay bills by credit cards without additional fees.
3. A) By getting a direct deposit for his salary.
B) By having a new checking account.
C) By getting a check for his salary.
D) By using the ATM to make a purchase.
4. A) He has many credit cards.
B) He didn’t consult the woman before.
C) He pays more attention to the accounts.
D) He pays little attention to the terms.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) The building with the log shape. C) Senior homes with logs.
B) Traditional log cabins. D) The blocking beams and walls.
6. A) In a river valley of Europe. C) In a remote area.
B) Along the Delaware River Valley. D) In some European counties.
51
· ·7. A) The shape of log homes was suitable for them.
B) They had easy access to logs in that area.
C) They wanted to change the European traditions.
D) The way of building a house with logs was easy.
8. A) Look at the slides of modern log houses.
B) See some pictures of mountain retreats.
C) Listen to the presentation of a New Yorker.
D) Take a trip to the Delaware River Valley.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Stop to buy an umbrella. C) Seek shelter from the rain.
B) Run quickly than usual. D) Walk at normal speed.
10. A) Running in the rain gets a person wetter.
B) Running fast in the rain keeps a person totally dry.
C) Running in the rain has a little impact on keeping people dry.
D) Running in the rain cannot protect people from getting wet at all.
11. A) The researchers made a wrong calculation of the average walking pace.
B) The researchers ignored the distance running in the rain.
C) The researchers overestimated the psychological effects.
D) The researchers didn’t use advanced technology to analyze data.
12. A) Running when caught in a storm. C) Taking an umbrella with you.
B) Sheltering from the rain under a tree. D) Walking in the rain rather than running.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A) It still can be used. C) It should be thrown away.
B) It will break down. D) It will become bent.
14. A) The gift card’s validity time is short.
B) The gift card has a few chances to use.
C) Shoppers have to pay gift card fees.
D) The gift card lacks protective measures.
15. A) They have overwhelming advantages.
B) They are sold at very low prices.
C) They are the symbol of people’s status.
D) They meet customers’ psychological needs.
52
· ·Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or
: ,
four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question you must choose
,
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then mark the corresponding
), ), ) )
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) The factors that affect our decision-making.
B) Some ways to develop our skills and talents.
C) Some guidelines on hunting part-time jobs.
D) The advice on how to be versatile.
17. A) It is a trait we are born with. C) It is a skill that can be learned.
B) It is the key to success. D) It helps with reasoning ability.
18. A) It will make you analyze others’ arguments better.
B) It will help you have better conversations.
C) It will inspire you to new viewpoints.
D) It will increase your influence on others’ choices.
19. A) A strategic narrative with digits. C) Pictures and photos.
B) Large numbers and figures. D) Diagrams and charts.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
20. A) Parents never ask their children for advice.
B) Parents always give their children constructive advice.
C) Most teenagers seldom follow their parents’ advice.
D) Most teenagers have got good advice from their parents.
21. A) Being too repetitive and critical.
B) Being too frequent and compulsive.
C) Being too harsh and forcible.
D) Being too subjective and overwhelming.
22. A) Workmates seldom give advice.
B) We don’t have good opportunities.
C) We believe in ourselves more than others.
D) We are afraid to suffer embarrassment.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) They are more important than professional skills.
B) They improve your personal relationships.
C) They make you invaluable to employers.
D) They help little in the technology area.
53
· ·24. A) Get involved in both STEM and liberal arts.
B) Major in what they are interested in.
C) Learn something that their friends have learned.
D) Make some friends with the same interests.
25. A) It fails to lay the foundation for your career life.
B) It provides you with different knowledge.
C) It allows you to amass professional skills.
D) It makes you know more about society.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
House dust amounts of just three micrograms were shown to affect the cells—far lower than the
quantity of dust children are exposed to daily. Small amounts of house dust containing compounds of
environmental 26 could be playing a role in the growth of fat cells.
Researchers from the American Chemical Society have found that compounds called endocrine-
disrupting chemicals(EDCs) found in house dust can 27 fat cells to accumulate more fat. In the
study, fat cells accumulated an 28 type of fat called triglycerides as a result of house dust being
added to the lab petri dishes.
EDCs are synthetic or 29 occurring compounds that can replicate the body’s hormones.
Evidence from animal studies has also suggested that early-life 30 to some EDCs can cause weight
gain in later life. EDCs are commonly found in consumer goods and eventually end up in indoor
dust. House dust is then 31 , ingested and absorbed through the skin. An 32 50 milligrams of
house dust is consumed every day by children, according to the US Environmental Protection
Agency. The researchers collected samples of indoor dust from 11 homes in North Carolina. Extracts
from seven of the 11 dust samples triggered the fat cells to 33 into mature fat cells and accumulate
triglycerides. Only one of the dust samples had no effect.
In nine of the samples, the house dust spurred the cells to 34 and by doing so, create a larger
pool of precursor fat cells. The fat cells used in the study were mouse cell models which are frequently
used to test compounds for 35 effects on the accumulation of the triglyceride fats. In one of the
44 house dust contaminants tested, a substance commonly found in plastics was found to have the
strongest fat-producing effects.
54
· ·A) additional I) inhaled
B) artificially J) naturally
C) connection K) pollutants
D) develop L) positive
E) divide M) potential
F) estimated N) spur
G) exhaled O) stir
H) exposure
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Now We re Talking How Voice Technology Is Transforming Computing
’ :
A) Like casting a magic spell, it lets people control the world through words alone. Any
sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is
indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his point. Using
it is just like casting a spell: say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can grant your wish.
圆柱体的
B) The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical( ) computer that sits on a table top and
answers to the name Alexa, can all up music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer trivia
questions and control smart appliances; even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of
American households. Voice assistants are proliferating in smartphones, too: Apple’s Siri handles over
2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are
input by voice. Dictating emails and text messages now works reliably enough to be useful. Why type
when you can talk?
C) This is a huge shift. Simple though it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing,
by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were
welcomed as more intuitive ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard commands. But
being able to talk to computers abolishes the need for the abstraction of a “user interface” at all. Just as
mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without
horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful, powerful and
ubiquitous than people can imagine today.
D) Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more
convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking. But voice is destined to account for
a growing share of people’s interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that
tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centers. However, to
reach its full potential, the technology requires further breakthroughs—and a resolution of the tricky
questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.
E) Alexa, what is deep learning? Computer-dictation systems have been around for years. But
55
· ·they were unreliable and required lengthy training to learn a specific user’s voice. Computers’ new
ability to recognize almost anyone’s speech dependably without training is the latest manifestation of the
power of “deep learning”, an artificial-intelligence technique in which a software system is trained
using millions of examples, usually chosen from the Internet. Thanks to deep learning, machines now
nearly equal humans in transcription accuracy, computerized translation systems are improving rapidly
and text-to-speech systems are becoming less robotic and more natural-sounding. Computers are, in
short, getting much better at handling natural language in all its forms.
F) Although deep learning means that machines can recognize speech more reliably and talk in a
不自然的
less stilted( ) manner, they still don’t understand the meaning of language. That is the most
difficult aspect of the problem and, if voice-driven computing is truly to flourish, one that must be
overcome. Computers must be able to understand context in order to maintain a coherent conversation
about something, rather than just responding to simple, one-off voice commands, as they mostly do
today. Researchers in universities and at companies large and small are working on this very problem,
building “bots” that can hold more elaborate conversations about more complex tasks, from retrieving
information to advising on mortgages to making travel arrangements.
G) Consumers and regulators also have a role to play in determining how voice computing
develops. Even in its current, relatively primitive form, the technology poses a dilemma: voice-driven
systems are most useful when they are personalized, and are granted wide access to sources of data such
as calendars, emails and other sensitive information. That raises privacy and security concerns.
H) To further complicate matters, many voice-driven devices are always listening, waiting to be
activated. Some people are already concerned about the implications of Internet-connected microphones
listening in every room and from every smartphone. Not all audio is sent to the cloud—devices wait for
a trigger phrase before they start relaying the user’s voice to the servers that actually handle the
requests—but when it comes to storing audio, it is unclear who keeps what and when.
I) Police investigating a murder in Arkansas, which may have been overheard by an Amazon
Echo, have asked the company for access to any audio that might have been captured. Amazon has
refused to co-operate, arguing with the backing of privacy advocates that the legal status of such requests
相似
is unclear. The situation is analogous( ) to Apple’s refusal in 2016 to help FBI investigators unlock
a terrorist’s iPhone; both cases highlight the need for rules that specify when and what intrusions into
personal privacy are justified in the interests of security.
J) Consumers will adopt voice computing even if such issues remain unresolved. In many situations
voice is far more convenient and natural than any other means of communication. Uniquely, it can also
be used while doing something else, such as driving, working out or walking down the street. It can
extend the power of computing to people unable, for one reason or another, to use screens and
keyboards. And it could have a dramatic impact not just on computing, but on the use of language
itself. Computerized simultaneous translation could render the need to speak a foreign language
irrelevant for many people; and in a world where machines can talk, minor languages may be more
likely to survive. The arrival of the touchscreen was the last big shift in the way humans interact with
computers. The leap to speech matters more.
36. Despite the issue of invasion of privacy, voice-computing’s irresistible convenience is already
receiving wide adoption.
56
· ·37. Some users of voice-driven devices are concerned that they are in the dark about their data’s
ownership.
38. Deep learning revolutionizes speech technologies, enabling computers to process any natural
language.
39. Screens and keyboards of computers are not necessarily indispensable because of the invention
of voice computing.
40. Deep learning has real successes, but is not enough to understand the meaning of language.
41. The convenience brought by voice computing can come at a risk of privacy or security.
42. Laws that apply to privacy and security issues for voice technology are needed in light of the
two cases in America.
43. The development of voice technology justified the viewpoint of a British science-fiction
writer.
44. Thanks to voice computing, several devices such as smartphones have already done some tasks
by voice orders.
45. To fully explore the potential of voice technology, more things need to be done to tackle the
gaps between convenience and privacy.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
A US Energy Department report calls for incentives to boost coal-fired and nuclear power plants
following a stream of closures that it said undermined reliable sources of electricity. The findings of the
study, released late on Wednesday, drew scorn from renewable energy advocates but praise from the
与 相吻合
coal and unclear industries. The report dovetails with( …… ) former President Donald
Trump’s promise to revive the ailing mining sector. But it differs from conclusions presented in an
earlier draft, which had said big increases in renewable power generation remained possible without
undermining grid reliability. The administration had not yet reviewed the early draft, which was written
by department staff.
Energy Secretary Rick Perry commissioned the study in April to evaluate whether “regulatory
burdens” imposed by past administrations, including that of former President Barack Obama, had hurt
基本负载
the grid by forcing shutdowns of baseload( ) plants, which provide nonstop power, like those
fired by coal and nuclear fuel. Obama had introduced a number of regulations intended to slash
emissions of carbon dioxide, which are blamed for climate change. This accelerate the retirement of
coal-fired power plants and bolstered the newly-developed solar and wind sectors, which depend heavily
on weather conditions for their power output.
“It is apparent that in today’s competitive markets certain regulations and subsidies are having a
large impact on the functioning of markets, and thereby challenging our power generation mix,” Perry
57
· ·said in a letter introducing the study. “It is important for policy makers to consider their intended and
unintended effects.”
The study, conducted by the department’s staff, said cheap natural gas was the main driver of the
closure of baseload coal and nuclear plants, a trend that was putting areas of the country at greater risk
of power outages. The department recommended giving baseload plants pricing advantages for their
power, as well as making it easier and cheaper to get permits to build more such projects.
Howard Crystal, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity which advocates for clean
energy, called the recommendations “dangerously misguided”. “The reality is that we can protect our
planet and our energy supplies by embracing wind and solar,” he said.
Some coal and nuclear energy groups welcomed the final report’s findings. “This is a much-
复原力
needed, pragmatic look at US electricity reliability and resilience( ), including the priority of
maintaining critical clean baseload power as electricity markets change,” said Rich Powell, director of
ClearPath, which advocates for unclear and hydropower. Last week, Neil Chatterjee, the newly
appointed chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, said coal plants needed to be
“properly compensated to recognize the value they provide to the system”.
46. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .
A) US Energy Department will provide subsidy to power plants
B) the recently-released report has caused much controversy
C) President Trump promised to boost traditional energy industry
D) it is unreal for renewable power plants to keep the grid reliable
47. What it the attitude of Energy Secretary Rick Perry toward regulations Obama introduced in
energy industry?
A) Pretty positive. C) Rather critical.
B) Somewhat doubtful. D) Totally indifferent.
48. According to Energy Department, what makes it necessary to boost coal-fired and nuclear
power plants?
A) The promise to revive mining sector.
B) The urgency to maintain grid reliability.
C) The large impact of cheap natural gas.
D) The growing needs for sustainable power.
49. What did Mr. Crystal scold of being “dangerously misguided”?
A) The findings of the study released on Wednesday.
B) The conclusions written in an earlier draft.
C) The regulations brought in by President Obama.
D) The comments of Mr. Perry on clean energy.
50. The debate between supporters and opponents of the report focuses on .
A) whether clean power plants should be prioritized
B) whether baseload plants should be compensated
C) whether traditional energy industry should be boosted
D) whether administrative means should be applied
58
· ·Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The Trades Union Congress(TUC) has urged the government to use productivity gains from the
greater use of robots and artificial intelligence to reverse planned changes to the state pension age.
Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher levels of productivity thanks to
technological innovation ought to bring greater benefits for working people. It said recent progress had
mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce through better wages
and working conditions.
Analysis from the accountants Pricewaterhouse Coopers suggests GDP could receive a 10% boost
from productivity gains linked to artificial intelligence by2030, helping to bolster the British economy as
it seeks to escape a period of weak output growth. That could relieve the pressure on workers to stay in
employment into their late 60s, according to the TUC. The government announced in July that it would
increase the state pension age from 67 to 68 between 2037 and 2039. Frances O’Grady, the TUC
general secretary, said, “Robots and AI could let us produce more for less, boosting national
prosperity. But we need a debate about who benefits from this wealth, and how workers get a fair
share.”
There have been previous waves of technological advances since the first Industrial Revolution,
when inefficient jobs have been replaced by machines or the number of people required to do work has
been reduced. Such advances have not led to an overall loss of jobs, but have disrupted the type of
work people do.
There are concerns that the current phase of innovation could be more damaging, while the rewards
from higher productivity have not necessarily translated into higher wages. The latest available figures
show low levels of unemployment unseen since the mid-1970s, but growth in real wages remains
超过 迟缓的
negative as inflation outstrips( ) a sluggish( ) earnings growth.
In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in
professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions had reversed, but the jobs lost in
manufacturing were not replaced by jobs of similar or better quality in the communities affected. Wages
in former industrial areas were still 10% below the national average.
The increase in the state pension age, which was controversially brought forward by seven years by
the Work and Pensions Secretary, David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their
late 30s and early 40s. As well as reversing the move on the pension age, the TUC said workers should
be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in work place training. At
present, the UK invests just half of the EU average, it said. O’Grady said, “Robots are not just
terminators. Some of today’s jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure
that tomorrow’s jobs are no worse than today’s.”
51. According to the TUC, what should be the result of the application of robots and artificial
intelligence?
A) Technological advances. C) Benefits for working people.
B) Higher levels of productivity. D) More wealth of business owners.
59
· ·52. The author cites the data from Pricewaterhouse Coopers to .
A) testify the impact of robots and AI
B) provide proofs for the TUC’s argument
C) analyze causes of economic growth
D) illuminate policies of the government
53. Which of the following statements is Frances O’Grady most likely to agree with?
A) Technological advances should result in people’s well-being.
B) Sixty-seven should be the upper limit for the state pension age.
C) The cost saved by robots and AI should be shared among people.
D) The use of robots and AI is bound to reduce the number of jobs.
54. It can be inferred that the waves of technological advances .
A) were the outcome of the Industrial Revolution
B) tended to be more damaging than constructive
C) slowly raised the real income of working people
D) exerted a profound influence on the labor structure
55. What can we learn about the proposal of David Gauke?
A) It reflects the real needs of economic growth.
B) It has produced a widespread influence.
C) It meets with strong opposition from the TUC.
D) It will help to create new types of jobs.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
.
北京的胡同大多形成于 世纪的元朝 至今已有几百年的历史 北京胡同的走向多为正东
13 , 。
正西 宽度一般不超过九米 胡同文化是一种封闭的文化 住在胡同里的居民安土重迁 不大愿
, 。 。 ,
意搬家 胡同里有一住几十年的 甚至有住了几辈子的 胡同里的房屋大多很旧了 旧房
。 , 。 ,
檩 断砖墙 下雨天常是外面大下 屋里小下 一到下大雨 总可以听到房塌的声音 那
(purlin), 。 , 。 , ,
是胡同里的房子 但人们舍不得 挪窝儿 因为 破家值万贯
。 “ ”, “ ”。
60
· ·答 案 解 析
大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(一)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
A B D A C C C D A D D A B D C
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
D C B B A A D A C D H E I A F
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
C K L G N C E D G A J H M F L
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
B D A C A D A C B D
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
My View on Shared Bikes
Shared bikes in different colors have flooded on the city streets almost overnight. Despite the
convenience they offer, it is highly unlikely that shared bikes will be the most popular means of
transportation in the near future.
Firstly, equipped with GPS and digital locks, shared bikes are only available to the target
customers. That means users must have a smartphone, download apps and know how to unlock the
bikes. Moreover, bike-sharing thrives only in traffic-clogged cities where it is the best method to solve
the problem of the last-mile transportation. Secondly, as shared bikes pour into or out of densely
populated regions, they, like cars, can inevitably create new traffic problems. Thirdly, huge
investments must be used to maintain service, update apps and expand operations. In other words,
more and more start-ups will flounder because of lack of investment.
61
· ·To summarize, bike-sharing is a must in today’s urban transportation system but it won’t be a
leader in transportation means.
【参考译文】
我对共享单车的看法
几乎一夜之间,不同颜色的共享单车就涌入了城市的街道。 尽管它们提供了便利,但在不久
的将来,共享单车不太可能成为最受欢迎的交通工具。
首先,配备了全球定位系统和数字锁的共享单车只供目标客户使用。 这意味着用户必须有
智能手机、下载应用程序,并知道如何解锁自行车。 此外,共享单车只有在交通拥堵的城市才能
蓬勃发展,在那里它是解决最后一英里交通问题的最佳方法。 其次,随着共享单车进出人口密集
地区,它们和汽车一样,不可避免地会引发新的交通问题。 第三,必须投入大量资金来维护服务、
更新应用程序和扩大运营。 换句话说,越来越多的初创企业将因为缺乏资金而陷入困境。
总之,共享单车在今天的城市交通系统中是必须的,但它不会成为交通方式的领导者。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
Conversation One
M: Flu season is not easing its grip on much of the United States, and the outbreak is reaching
levels not seen in nearly a decade. It has claimed the lives of at least 10 more children this
week, putting that number at 63 for the season. Tens of thousands of deaths are often
associated with the flu annually. Dr. Anne joins me now. So, how widespread is the flu right
now in this country?
W: This is a very difficult flu season. And this past week, we got more bad news. The doctor
visits for flu are as high this week as we have seen during the peak of the 2009
epidemic. We’re not having an epidemic right now, but we have a very, very difficult flu
season.
M: Why is it so bad this year?
W: Well, there are a couple of reasons that we know of, and there are probably some more reasons
that we need to learn about. One thing is it’s an H3N2 influenza season. That’s the virus
that’s dominating. There are a couple of other viruses circulating. H3N2 seasons tend to be
more severe. The other thing is that influenza vaccine doesn’t work as well against H3N2
virus, so that’s probably a second factor.
M: Are there particular parts of our population that are more vulnerable than others?
W: Anyone can get the flu, and it can be serious. But the people who have a harder time with flu
are the very old, the very young, pregnant women, and people with heart disease, lung
disease, and other medical conditions that can make it harder for them to take on a lung
infection.
M: What is your recommendation then?
W: We recommend that those groups in particular, if they present with flu symptoms, they can
benefit from antiviral medicines that may convert a relatively mild illness. That may prevent a
milder illness from becoming a hospitalization or worse.
62
· ·Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What can we learn about the flu in the US?
[答案]
A)
2. Why is the flu so bad this year according to the woman?
[答案]
B)
3. Who are more vulnerable to the flu according to the woman?
[答案]
D)
4. What does the woman suggest vulnerable people do when presenting with flu symptoms?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
男: 流感季节对美国大部分地区的影响并没有减轻,而且流感的爆发达到了近十年从未见过
的程度。 本周又有至少 名儿童死亡,本季死亡人数达到 人。 每年往往有数以万计
10 63
的人死于流感。 安妮博士现在和我在一起。 那么,目前流感在这个国家的传播范围有
多广?
女: 这是一个非常困难的流感季节。 在过去的一周,我们得到了更多的坏消息。 本周因流感
就诊的人数与 年流感疫情高峰期一样高。 我们现在没有流行病,但我们有一个非
2009
常非常困难的流感季节。
男: 为什么今年这么糟糕?
女: 嗯,有几个我们知道的原因,可能还有更多我们需要了解的原因。 一件事是现在是
流感季节。 这是占主导地位的病毒。 还有一些其他的病毒在传播。 季往往
H3N2 H3N2
更严重。 另一件事是流感疫苗对 病毒不起作用,所以这可能是第二个因素。
H3N2
男: 我们的人群中是否有特殊群体比其他人更脆弱?
女: 任何人都可能得流感,而且可能很严重。 但是,患流感更不好过的人群是老年人、幼儿、
孕妇以及患有心脏病、肺病和其他疾病的人,这些疾病使他们更难以承受肺部感染。
男: 那你推荐什么呢?
女: 我们特别建议这些人群,如果他们出现流感症状,他们可以从抗病毒药物中受益,这可能
会使相对较轻的病情好转。 这可能会防止轻微病情变成住院治疗或更糟。
Conversation Two
M: Hello, Lucy. I heard that you are running classes for recruits for your company.
W: Yes. That is what troubles me these days.
M: Anything bad?
W: I hate to say this but many graduates and school leavers nowadays lack the mindset and skills
required to thrive in the workplace.
M: I can’t agree more. There are also worries about the literacy and numeracy skills of young
employees in my corporation.
W: Some of the graduates have trouble with attitudes and behavior of self-management and
determination and many others lack customer awareness.
M: And my boss is especially unhappy with the literacy of our young applicants, whose numeracy
isn’t up to the standard.
63
· ·W: That is why I am so busy with doing remedial training for school or college leavers these
days.
M: I bet schools should make adjustments to meet the needs of job markets and stretching
academic standards should not be the sole focus for them.
W: You can say that again. A broader personal development should be more emphasized at
schools.
M: Personal attitudes, aptitude, readiness to learn, effective communication skills and a sufficient
capacity to cope with numerical data are the key enablers. These qualities are badly needed in
the workplace.
W: Yes. Schools should take the responsibility to help young people develop as fully as possible in
these areas.
M: Quality of teaching, learning and career aspiration defines the life chances of young people.
W: But with savage cuts to further education funding since 2009, it is unsurprising that businesses
are struggling to find enough skilled staff.
M: It is so sad to see this, but it is time we made some changes on campus which better reflect the
importance of “attitude and aptitude for work”. Otherwise, more recruit classes have to
be set.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What can we learn about the young graduates these days?
[答案]
C)
6. What is the woman busy with these days?
[答案]
C)
7. What is the speaker’s suggestion for schools nowadays?
[答案]
C)
8. What makes it difficult for businesses to find enough skilled staff according to the woman?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
男: 你好,露西。 我听说你正在为你们公司的新员工开设课程。
女: 是的。 这就是这些天困扰我的事情。
男: 有什么不好的吗?
女: 我不愿这么说,但现在许多大学毕业生和离校者缺乏在职场中成长所需的思维和技能。
男: 我完全同意。 我们公司年轻员工的读写和计算能力也令人担忧。
女: 一些毕业生在自我管理和决心的态度和行为上有问题,还有很多人缺乏客户意识。
男: 我的老板对年轻应聘者的读写能力特别不满意,他们的计算能力达不到标准。
女: 这就是我最近忙着为中学或大学毕业生做补习培训的原因。
男: 我打赌学校应该做出调整来满足就业市场的需求,提高学术标准不应该是他们唯一的关
注点。
女: 你说得对。 学校应该更加强调更广泛的个人发展。
男: 个人态度、能力、学习意愿、有效的沟通技巧和足够的处理数字数据的能力是关键因素。
64
· ·这些品质在职场上是非常需要的。
女: 是的。 学校应该承担起责任,帮助年轻人在这些方面尽可能全面发展。
男: 教学质量、学习质量和职业灵感决定了年轻人的人生际遇。
女: 但是自 年以来,随着继续教育经费的大幅削减,企业很难找到足够的熟练员工也就
2009
不足为奇了。
男: 看到这些真让人难过,但我们是时候在校园里做些改变了,以更好地反映“工作态度和才
能”的重要性。 否则,就要必须设置更多的招募课程。
Section B
Passage One
An increase in suicide rates among US teens occurred at the same time social media use
surged. A new study suggests there may be a link.
Suicide rates for teens rose between 2010 and 2015 after they had declined for nearly two decades,
according to data from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). Why the rates
went up isn’t known.
The study’s authors looked at CDC suicide reports from 2009 to 2015 and results of two surveys
given to US high school students to measure attitudes, behaviors and interests. About half a million
teens aged from13 to 18 were involved. They were asked about use of electronic devices, social media,
print media, television and time spent with friends. Questions about mood included frequency of feeling
hopeless and considering or attempting suicide.
The researchers didn’t take examine circumstances surrounding individual suicides. Dr. Christine
Moutier said the study provides weak evidence for a popular theory about social media’s influence. She
said many factors influence teen suicide.
Nonetheless, the study highlighted interesting data about teens, their use of smartphones and social
media, as well as their mental health.
For example, the study showed that teens’ use of electronic devices, including smartphones, for at
least five hours daily more than doubled. These teens were 70% more likely to have suicidal thoughts or
actions than those who reported one hour of daily use.
“We need to stop thinking of smartphones as harmless,” said study author Jean Twenge. Twenge
said many will say, “‘Oh, teens are just communicating with their friends.’ Monitoring kids’ use of
smartphones and social media is important, and so is setting reasonable limits.”
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What can we learn about suicide rates for teens before 2010?
[答案]
A)
10. What did Christine Moutier say about the new study?
[答案]
D)
11. What did Jean Twenge say about smartphones and social media?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
美国青少年自杀率上升的同时,社交媒体的使用也在激增。 一项新的研究表明,两者之间可
能存在联系。
65
· ·美国联邦疾病控制与预防中心的数据显示,青少年自杀率在下降近 年后,在 年至
20 2010
年期间上升。 自杀率上升的原因尚不清楚。
2015
该研究的作者查阅了美国疾病控制与预防中心 年至 年的自杀报告,以及对美国高
2009 2015
中生进行的态度、行为和兴趣的两项调查的结果。 大约有 万 到 岁的青少年参与其中。
50 13 18
他们被问及电子设备、社交媒体、平面媒体和电视的使用情况,以及与朋友共度的时长。 关于情
绪的问题包括感到绝望、考虑或企图自杀的频率。
研究人员没有调查自杀者周围的情况。 克里斯汀·穆捷博士说,这项研究为关于社交媒体
影响的一个流行理论提供了微弱的证据。 她说很多因素影响青少年自杀。
尽管如此,该研究强调了关于青少年的有趣数据,除了他们的心理健康,还有他们对智能手
机和社交媒体的使用。
例如,该研究表明,青少年每天使用包括智能手机在内的电子设备至少五个小时的时间增加
了一倍多。 这些青少年有自杀想法或行为的可能性比那些每天使用一小时手机的青少年
高 。
70%
该研究的作者琼·特温格说: “我们不能再认为智能手机是无害的。”特温格说,很多人会
说:“‘哦,青少年只是在和朋友交流。’监控孩子对智能手机和社交媒体的使用很重要,设定合理
的限制也很重要。”
Passage Two
Next month, several chain supermarkets in the UK will stop selling energy drinks to customers
under 16. Anyone looking to buy a soft drink with more than 150 milligram of caffeine per liter—a limit
targeting drinks like Monster and Red Bull—will need to present an ID.
The retailer Waitrose announced its new energy drink restrictions first in early January.
Sainsbury’s, Morrisons, Lidl, Coop, Asda, Aldi and Tesco followed with their own bans on selling the
drink to children, which will all roll out at the beginning of March.
And while a nationwide soda tax will go into effect in the UK in April, banning so-called “under
16s” from buying energy drinks is a voluntary measure that grocery stores have taken up this year.
It’s probably a good idea to pause energy drink sales to children, says Jennifer Temple, a nutrition
researcher at the University of Buffalo.
Small to moderate doses of caffeine haven’t had a huge effect on kids in Temple’s research, but
she’s not enthusiastic about supplying children with energy drinks. A major aim of caffeine—preventing
sleep—can interfere with the rest kids need to grow, think and function. “There’s no reason why kids
need this caffeine,” she says. “The sleep effects alone are something that we should be mindful of.”
Researchers, teachers and those policy groups count the energy drink bans for kids in grocery
stores as a victory, but they’re not a perfect, principal solution. The issue with it is that these products
will still be bought in convenience stores and other small stores.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. What will some chain supermarkets in the UK do next month?
[答案]
A)
13. What do we know about the energy drink restrictions?
[答案]
B)
14. Why should children be banned to have energy drinks?
66
· ·[答案]
D)
15. Why are the energy drink bans imperfect?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
下个月,英国的几家连锁超市将停止向 岁以下的顾客出售能量饮料。 任何想要购买每升
16
咖啡因含量超过 毫克的软饮料的人都需要出示身份证,这是针对怪物和红牛等饮料的限制。
150
零售商维特罗斯在 月初首先宣布了新的能量饮料限制。 随后,森宝利、莫里森、利德尔、库
1
普、阿斯达、阿尔迪和特易购也纷纷禁止向儿童出售这种饮料,这些禁令将于 月初全面实施。
3
尽管英国将于 月在全国范围内征收苏打税,但禁止所谓的“ 岁以下”购买能量饮料是杂
4 16
货店今年采取的一项自发措施。
布法罗大学的营养研究员珍妮弗·坦普尔说,暂停向儿童销售能量饮料可能是个好主意。
在坦普尔的研究中,小剂量到中等剂量的咖啡因对孩子没有很大的影响,但她并不热衷于给
孩子提供能量饮料。 咖啡因的一个主要作用是阻止睡眠,会干扰孩子成长、思考和活动所需的休
息。 “孩子们没有理由需要这种咖啡因,”她说。 “我们应该注意的是睡眠本身的影响。”
研究人员、教师和那些政策团体认为,禁止儿童在杂货店买能量饮料是一种胜利,但这并不
是一个完美的、主要的解决方案。 问题是,这些产品仍然可以在便利店和其他小商店买到。
Section C
Recording One
Fear, anger, hate and sadness are four emotions that can affect how we think and how we
act. When we are under pressure—mental or physical—our emotions are even more difficult to
control. But what if there was a quick and easy plan for dealing with your emotions every time you faced
a stressful situation? Well, there may be such a plan. And it involves a grammatical term: third person
singular.
Jason Moser is a clinical psychologist and neuroscientist. He serves as an associate professor of
psychology at Michigan State University. Moser says that talking to yourself in the third person seems to
put a kind of psychological distance between you and your emotions. He thinks this distance is all some
people need to control how they react to stress. And he thinks that distance from the self towards others
gives people different perspectives. It allows them to manage stress better. Talking to yourself in the
third person is like giving yourself advice. Moser uses himself as an example. He does not like flying,
but he must fly often for his work. So, when he is feeling nervous or afraid during a flight, he talks to
himself—only silently. “And what I find myself doing, if I use third-person self-talk, is that I then start
kind of giving myself advice. I start saying, ‘Well, you know, Jason knows air travel is very safe. And
Jason’s been on thousands of flights before with no issue.’And so this little bit of psychological
distance you gain by using your own name—it’s almost as if you’re giving advice to somebody else
even though it really does end up being you you’re giving advice to.” Moser admits that talking out
loud to yourself could look and sound strange to other people. So, he suggests using your brain and
having that discussion inside your head. Thinking through that dialogue enables you to use this strategy
anytime, anywhere.
Moser’s research came from his desire as a mental health expert to help patients. Moser felt
helpless when his patients were unable to use strategies he would suggest to them. He wanted to find a
67
· ·method that people could easily use to control their emotions. Moser says that simply telling people
suffering from depression to think differently is not enough. Brain imaging tests show that it takes great
effort for these people to change their way of thinking. And so, he is always looking for something
that’s easier and quicker for people to do in the moment.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. What is the speaker talking about?
[答案]
D)
17. How does talking to yourself in the third person help control your reaction to stress?
[答案]
C)
18. What drove Moser to do the research?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
恐惧、愤怒、厌恶和悲伤是影响我们思考和行动的四种情绪。 当我们处于压力之下时,无论
是精神上的还是身体上的,我们的情绪都更难控制。 但是,如果每次面对压力时都有一个快速简
单的策略来处理你的情绪呢? 好吧,也许有这样一个策略。 它涉及一个语法术语: 第三人称
单数。
杰森·莫泽是一名临床心理学家和神经科学家。 他是密歇根州立大学的心理学副教授。 莫
泽说,用第三人称与自己交谈似乎会在你和你的情绪之间建立一种心理距离。 他认为这种距离
是一些人控制自己对压力的反应所需要的。 他认为,自我与他人之间的距离会给予人们不同的
视角。 这能让他们更好地管理压力。 用第三人称与自己交谈就像是给自己建议。 莫泽以自己为
例。 他不喜欢坐飞机,但为了工作,他必须经常坐飞机。 所以,当他在飞行中感到紧张或害怕时,
他会自言自语———只是默默地。 “如果我使用第三人称自我对话,我发现自己在做的有点儿像开
始给自己一些建议。 我开始说,‘好吧,你知道,杰森知道航空旅行是非常安全的。 杰森以前坐过
几千次航班,从来没有出过问题。’因此,使用自己的名字会让你获得一点儿心理上的距离———就
好像你在给别人提建议一样,尽管实际上最终是你在给自己提建议。”莫泽承认,对自己大声说话
在别人看来和听起来都很奇怪。 所以,他建议使用大脑,在头脑中进行讨论。 通过对话思考,你
可以随时随地使用这个策略。
莫泽的研究源于他作为心理健康专家帮助病人的愿望。 当他的病人无法使用他建议的策略
时,莫泽感到无助。 他想找到一种方法,让人们可以很容易地就用来控制自己的情绪。 莫泽说,
仅仅告诉抑郁症患者以不同的方式思考是不够的。 脑成像测试表明,这些人需要付出很大的努
力才能改变他们的思维方式。 所以,他总是在寻找更容易、更快捷的方法,让人们当下就能做。
Recording Two
Research subjects who have lived with limited human contact since January recently completed an
experiment. The six, four men and two women, lived near the top of a volcano on the Pacific island of
Hawaii. They agreed to stay in a small, restricted area as part of a study to learn about the mental and
emotional effects of a long-term space mission. The subjects lived and acted much like astronauts would
on an eight-month-long visit to the planet Mars. Individuals who are able to deal with long-term space
travel need to have special qualities or traits. They need to be able to deal well with isolation and
pressure for up to three years on a trip that would take them far from Earth.
During the experiment, the subjects wore space suits like those worn by astronauts and traveled in
68
· ·teams whenever leaving their living structure. The kinds of foods available to the subjects were
limited. They ate mostly freeze-dried or canned food during the experiment. All communications
between the “crew members” and outsiders were given a 20-minute delay, increasing the sense of
isolation. Twenty minutes is the time it takes a radio signal to travel from Mars to Earth.
In the experiment, researchers used games to study human behavior. The crew members played
games designed to measure their ability to work together. Games also helped measure their ability to
deal with pressure or stress. The crew members also kept documentation of how they were feeling. In
addition to activities, members of the team wore sensors that measured voice levels and how near they
were to others in the living space. Kim Binsted, a professor at the University of Hawaii, was one of the
lead investigators in the study. She said the sensors could record if people were avoiding one another or
if they were close to each other in an argument. “We’ve learned, for one thing, that conflict, even in
the best of teams, is going to arise,” Binsted said. “So what’s really important is to have a crew that,
both as individuals and a group, is able to look at that conflict and come back from it.”
Other countries have performed studies on the effects of long-term space flight. The researchers in
Hawaii, however, say their project provides an environment most like Mars. The area on Mauna Loa is
covered with hard, red volcanic rock. The crew members were required to carry out studies of the rocky
surface, make maps and care for their habitat.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. How many subjects did the experiment include?
[答案]
B)
20. What special qualities should an individual have to travel in space?
[答案]
A)
21. Why were the subjects given a 20-minute delay in their communications with outsiders?
[答案]
A)
22. What is the difference between the experiment in Hawaii and those in other countries?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
自今年 月以来一直与人接触有限的研究对象最近完成了一项实验。 这六人,四男两女,住
1
在夏威夷太平洋岛上一座火山的山顶附近。 作为研究的一部分,他们同意待在一个小的限制区
域,以了解长期太空任务对精神和情感的影响。 这些实验对象的生活和行为就像宇航员在火星
上进行为期八个月的访问一样。 能够应付长期太空旅行的人需要有特殊的素质或特点。 他们需
要在远离地球的旅行中能够很好地应对长达三年的孤独和压力。
在实验中,受试者穿着宇航员穿的宇航服,每次离开他们的居住区时都组队出行。 可供受试
者食用的食物种类是有限的。 在实验中,他们吃的大多是冻干或罐装食品。 “机组人员”与外界
之间的所有通信都被延迟了 分钟,增加了孤独感。 分钟是无线电信号从火星传到地球的
20 20
时间。
在实验中,研究人员利用游戏来研究人类行为。 机组成员玩一些衡量他们合作能力的游戏。
游戏也有助于衡量他们处理压力和紧张的能力。 机组人员还记录了他们的感受。 除了活动之
外,团队成员还佩戴传感器来测量音量以及他们与生活空间中其他人的距离。 夏威夷大学教授
金·宾斯特德是这项研究的主要研究人员之一。 她说传感器可以记录下人们是在回避对方,还
69
· ·是在争论中接近对方。 “首先,我们了解到,即使是在最好的团队中,冲突也会出现,”宾斯特德
说。 “所以真正重要的是要有一个团队,无论是作为个人还是作为一个团队,都能够看到冲突并
从中脱离过来。”
其他国家也对长期太空飞行的影响进行了研究。 然而,夏威夷的研究人员表示,他们的项目
提供了一个最像火星的环境。 莫纳罗亚山上覆盖着坚硬的红色火山岩。 机组人员被要求对岩石
表面进行研究,绘制地图并照顾他们的栖息地。
Recording Three
Having success and being able to meet one’s goals requires knowledge, a sense of direction, hard
work and resources. Some people might add to that list luck, connections and perhaps a strong belief in
yourself. We accomplish our goals one step at a time, doing a little each day. So, using your day
effectively is important. On many websites experts share advice on how to achieve your career and life
goals. Most of the experts agree on one thing: Starting your day on the right foot is most
important. Collected from these websites, here are four ideas on how to start your day off right.
First, get up an hour early. Some studies show that our willpower and attention span are strongest
in the morning. In fact, the morning may be the most productive part of your day. In American
English, we like to say, “The early bird gets the worm.” This expression means that people who rise
early have a head start and, therefore, are more likely to succeed. Of course, there are
exceptions. People who are “night owls” do their best work and their best thinking at night.
Second, drink a glass of water with lemon juice. Health experts say that drinking a combination of
lemon juice and water first in the morning jump-starts the body’s metabolism. Not only does it jump-
start your body’s cells, but this kind of drink keeps them moving throughout the day.
Third, exercise. Some people may disagree with this one. Physical fitness experts and trainers
often suggest some form of exercise in the morning because the middle of the day is a busy time for most
people. By the day’s end, you may not have the time or energy to exercise. How many times have you
finished work and said to yourself, “I’m too tired to exercise! I’ll do it tomorrow.”
Fourth, think about your day at night. And spend a little time to think about tomorrow. Some
people who talk about “living in the present” may criticize this. But it may help you to prepare if you
take a few minutes to think about what you need to do the next day. You probably won’t have time to
do everything you planned. But that’s fine. If you did one thing, that means you are one step closer in
reaching one of your goals.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. Which is the most important thing for achieving your goals according to most experts?
[答案]
A)
24. Why is morning the most productive part of a day for most people?
[答案]
C)
25. Why should we spend a little time in thinking about tomorrow?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
获得成功并能够实现目标需要知识、方向感、努力工作和资源。 有些人可能还会加上运气、
人际关系,或许还有对自己的坚定信念。 我们一步一个脚印,每天做一点儿来完成我们的目标。
70
· ·所以,有效利用你的每一天是很重要的。 在许多网站上,专家们分享了关于如何实现职业和生活
目标的建议。 大多数专家都同意一件事:以正确的方式开始新的一天是最重要的。 以下是从这
些网站收集的 条建议,教你如何正确地开始新的一天。
4
首先,早起一个小时。 一些研究表明,在早上,我们的意志力最强,注意力持续时间最长。 事
实上,早晨可能是一天中效率最高的时候。 在美式英语中,我们喜欢说: “早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”
这句话的意思是早起的人有一个良好的开端,因此更有可能成功。 当然,也有例外。 “夜猫子”在
晚上工作效率最高,思维也最敏捷。
第二,喝一杯柠檬汁水。 健康专家说,早上喝柠檬汁和水的组合可以快速激活身体的新陈代
谢。 它不仅能激活你身体的细胞,还能让它们在一天中保持活跃。
第三,运动。 有些人可能不同意这一点。 健身专家和教练经常建议在早上进行某种形式的
锻炼,因为对大多数人来说,中午是一个忙碌的时间。 在一天结束的时候,你可能没有时间或精
力去锻炼。 有多少次你做完工作后对自己说: “我太累了,不想锻炼了! 我明天再做。”
第四,在晚上想想你的一天。 花点儿时间想想明天。 一些谈论“活在当下”的人可能会批评
这一点。 但如果你花几分钟思考一下第二天需要做什么,可能会帮助你做好准备。 你可能没有
时间去做你计划好的每件事。 但没关系。 如果你做了一件事,那就意味着你离你的其中一个目
标又近了一步。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
一项新的研究表明,微小的黄金可以用来对抗癌症。 爱丁堡大学的科学家们刚刚完成了一
项研究,该研究表明贵金属可以提高治疗肺癌细胞的药物的有效性。 被称为金纳米颗粒的微小
碎片被研究组包在一个化学仪器中。
虽然这还没有在人体上进行测试,但人们希望,这样的仪器将来可以精确地攻击病变细胞而
不损害健康组织,来减少目前化疗产生的副作用。 金是一种安全的化学元素,具有加速化学反应
的能力。
爱丁堡大学的研究人员发现了这种金属的特性,这种特性使得生物能够在没有任何副作用
的情况下获得催化能力。 该装置被植入斑马鱼的大脑后显示出有效,这表明它可以用于活体
动物。
这项研究是与萨拉戈萨大学纳米科学研究所的爱丁堡癌症研究中心的研究人员合作进行
的,他们说: “我们发现了黄金以前不为人知的新特性,我们的研究结果表明,这种金属可以被用
来非常安全地在肿瘤内释放药物。 把黄金用于病人之前,我们还有很多工作要做,但这项研究是
一个进步。 我们希望有一天外科医生可以将类似的装置植入人体,直接激活肿瘤中的化疗,减少
对健康器官的有害影响。”下一步将是观察这个方法用于人体是否安全,它的长期和短期副作用
是什么,以及它是否是治疗某些癌症的更好方法。
【答案精析】
名 词 合作 协作 详细阐述 病人
: C) collaboration , ; D) elaboration ; G) patients ; K) properties
特性 性质
,
动 词 加速 把 包起 将 植入
: A) accelerate ; E) encased …… ; F) implanted …… ; L) release
释放 放出 减轻 缓解 不快或疼痛
, ; M) relieve , ( )
形容词 珍贵的 先前的 以往的 安全的 不安全的
: H) precious ;J) previous , ;N) safe ;O) unsafe
71
· ·副 词 小心地 仔细地 准确地 精确地
: B) cautiously , ; I) precisely ,
[答案]
26. H) precious
【精析】 空格位于 之后 名词 之前 故此处应填入形容词作定语 文章第一段
the , metal , 。
首句提到研究发现金子有可能被用来治疗癌症 根据常识可知 金子是一种贵重的金
。 ,
属 故此处应填入 珍贵的
, H) precious“ ”。
[答案]
27. E) encased
【精析】 空格所在句主语为 空格位于 之后 句末有动作发出者
minute fragments, were ,
故此处应填入动词的过去分词 与 构成被动语态 结合原文可
the research team, , were 。
知 此处指纳米颗粒被包在化学仪器里 为固定搭配 意为 包在 故
, ,be encased in , “ ……”,
为答案
E) 。
[答案]
28. I) precisely
【精析】 空格前是介词 空格后是动名词 故此处应填入副词来修饰动词
by, targeting, 。
该句意为 虽然这还没有在人体上进行测试 但人们希望 这样的仪器将来可以精确地
“ , ,
攻击病变细胞而不损害健康组织 来减少目前化疗产生的副作用 准确地
, 。”I) precisely“ ,
精确地 符合句意 故为答案
” , 。
[答案]
29. A) accelerate
【精析】 空格前是动词不定式标志词 故此处应填入动词原形 文章第一段第二句
to, 。
提到金子能提高药效 结合上下文语义 此处指黄金 加速化学反应 以促进药品发挥
, , “ ”,
效力 故答案为 加速
, A) accelerate“ ”。
[答案]
30. F) implanted
【精析】 空格位于分词结构中 且空格前是动词 故此处应填入动词的过去分词形
, being,
式 此处指把仪器植入斑马鱼的脑中 为固定搭配 意为 被植入
。 ,be implanted in , “ ……”,
故 为答案
F) 。
[答案]
31. C) collaboration
【精析】 空格前为介词 之后是介词 由此推出此处应该填入名词 构成介词短
in, with, ,
语 为固定搭配 意为 与 合作 故 为答案
。 in collaboration with , “ …… ”, C) 。
[答案]
32. K) properties
【精析】 空格前是形容词 之后是介词 此句谓语为 故此处应填
new, of, have discovered,
入名词作宾语 而后面的定语从句的谓语为 提示此处的名词为复数形式 备选复
, were, 。
数名词中只有 符合句意 故为答案 意为 黄金的特性
K)properties , ,properties of gold “ ”。
[答案]
33. L) release
【精析】 空格位于宾语从句中 空格前的谓语为 因此需要填入动词原形 该
, be used to, 。
句意为 这种金属可以被用来非常安全地在肿瘤内释放药物 故 释放 排放
“ ”, L)release“ , ”
为答案 选项中的 减轻 缓解 疼痛或不快的感觉 为干扰项 与上下文语
。 M)relieve“ , ( )” ,
义不符 故排除
, 。
[答案]
34. G) patients
72
· ·【精析】 空格前面为介词 根据语法判断 此处应填入名词 根据上下文语义 把金
on, , 。 “
子用于 之前 我们还有很多工作要做 但这项研究是一个进步 此处应该是
, , ”。
指病人 这也是研究的目的 故答案为 病人
, , G) patients“ ”。
[答案]
35. N) safe
【精析】 空格前为 之后是介词 此处可填入形容词作表语或过去分词构成被动语
is, to,
态 该句意为 下一步将是观察这个方法用于人体是否安全 上文也提到了这个方法
。 “ ”。
的安全性问题 故 为答案
, N)safe 。
Section B
【参考译文】
智能手机毁掉了一代人吗?
) 我研究代际差异已经有 年了,从我 岁还是心理学博士生的时候就开始了。 通常,
A 25 22
定义一代人的特征是逐渐出现的,并且是连续的。 已经上升的信念和行为只是继续如此。 例如,
千禧一代是高度个人主义的一代,但自婴儿潮一代开始、回落和结束以来,个人主义一直在增加。
我已经习惯了趋势的折线图,它们看起来像温和的山丘和山谷。
) 在 年左右,我注意到青少年行为和情绪状态的突然转变。 折线图的平缓斜坡变成
B 2012
了陡峭的山脉和陡峭的悬崖,千禧一代的许多鲜明特征开始消失。 在我所有对代际数据的分析
中———有些可以追溯到 世纪 年代———我从未见过这样的情况。
20 30
) 起初,我认为这些可能只是暂时性的问题,但这种趋势持续了几年,并进行了一系列的全
C
国性调查。 这些变化不仅在程度上,而且在种类上。 千禧一代和他们的前辈最大的不同在于他
们看待世界的方式;今天的青少年与千禧一代的不同不仅在于他们的观点,还在于他们如何度过
时间。 他们每天的经历与比他们早几年成年的那一代人截然不同。
) 年发生了什么事情导致了如此戏剧性的行为转变? 官方来说,经济大萧条从
D 2012
年持续到 年,对试图在衰退的经济中找到一席之地的千禧一代产生了更明显的影响。
2007 2009
但正是在那个时候,拥有智能手机的美国人的比例超过了 。
50%
) 我对青少年态度和行为的年度调查研究得越多,与年轻人交谈得越多,我就越清楚地认
E
识到,他们是被智能手机和伴随而来的社交媒体的兴起所塑造的一代。 我把他们叫作 。 这
iGen
一代人出生于 年至 年之间,他们伴随着智能手机长大,在上高中之前就有了
1995 2012 Instagram
账户,他们不记得互联网出现之前的时代。 最年长的成员是 年 问世时的青少
iGen 2007 iPhone
年,以及 年 进入市场时的高中生。 年对 , 多名美国青少年进行的一项调查发
2010 iPad 2017 5 000
现,四分之三的人拥有 。
iPhone
) 智能手机及其同类产品平板电脑问世后,很快就引发了对“屏幕时间”有害影响的担忧。
F
但这些设备的影响还没有得到充分认识,而且远远超出了人们通常对注意力持续时间缩短的担
忧。 智能手机的到来从根本上改变了青少年生活的方方面面,从他们社交互动的本质到他们的
心理健康。 这些变化影响了全国各个角落和各种家庭的年轻人。 这种趋势出现在贫穷和富裕的
青少年中; 出现在每个种族背景的青少年中;出现在城市、郊区和小城镇的青少年中。 哪里有信
号塔,哪里就有青少年在智能手机上生活。
) 对我们这些深情地回忆起一个更类似的青春期的人来说,这似乎是陌生的和令人不安
G
的。 然而,代际研究的目的不是屈服于对过去事物方式的怀旧,而是了解它们现在的状况。 代际
变化有些是积极的,有些是消极的,还有很多是两者兼而有之。 如今的青少年在卧室里比在车里
或聚会上更舒适,他们的身体比以往任何时候都更安全。 他们发生车祸的可能性明显更小,而且
73
· ·与他们的前辈相比,他们对酒精的嗜好更少,也更不容易受到饮酒带来的疾病的影响。
) 然而,在心理上,他们比千禧一代更脆弱:自 年以来,青少年抑郁症和自杀率急剧上
H 2011
升。 毫不夸张地说, 正处于几十年来最严重的心理健康危机的边缘。 这种恶化在很大程度
iGen
上可以追溯到他们的手机。 即使一场重大事件———战争、技术飞跃、一场免费的泥地音乐会———
在塑造一群年轻人方面发挥着巨大的作用,也没有一个单一的因素能定义一代人。 养育子女的
方式在不断变化,学校课程和文化也在变化,这些都很重要。 但智能手机和社交媒体的双重崛起
引发了一场我们很长时间没有见过的地震,如果有的话。 有令人信服的证据表明,我们放在年轻
人手中的电子设备对他们的生活产生了深远的影响———让他们非常不快乐。
) 对前几代人来说,独立的魅力是如此强大。 然而,它现在对今天的青少年的影响越来越
I
小,他们不太可能在没有父母陪伴的情况下离开家。 这种转变令人震惊: 年的 年级学生
2015 12
外出的次数比 年的 年级学生还少。
2009 8
) 现在的青少年也不太可能约会。 追求的最初阶段,被 一代称为“喜欢”(比如“哦,他喜
J X
欢你!”),现在的孩子们称之为“交谈”———对于更喜欢发短信而不是真正交谈的一代人来说,这
是一个讽刺的选择。 在两个青少年“交谈”了一段时间后,他们可能会开始约会。 但 年只有
2015
约 的高中毕业生出去约会;对于婴儿潮一代和 一代,这个数字约为 。
56% X 85%
) 约会次数的减少与性行为的减少有关。 九年级学生的下降幅度最大,他们中性活跃的青
K
少年人数自 年以来减少了近 。 现在,青少年第一次发生性行为的平均时间是在 年
1991 40% 11
级的春天,比 一代的平均时间晚了整整一年。 青少年发生性行为的减少,促成了近年来许多人
X
认为最积极的青年趋势之一: 年青少年生育率创下历史新低,比 年的现代峰值下降
2016 1991
了 。
67%
) 从《无因的反叛》到《春天不是读书天》,即使是在美国流行文化中作为青少年自由象征的
L
开车,对今天的青少年也失去了吸引力。 几乎所有婴儿潮时期出生的高中生都在高中最后一年
的春天拿到了驾照;如今,超过四分之一的青少年在高中毕业时仍然没有驾照。 对一些人来说,
爸爸妈妈是很好的司机,没有必要开车。 圣地亚哥一名 岁的学生告诉我: “我的父母开车带我
21
去任何地方,从不抱怨,所以我总是有顺风车。”“直到我妈妈告诉我必须拿到驾照,因为她不能一
直开车送我上学,我才拿到驾照。”她终于在 岁生日 个月后拿到了驾照。 在一次又一次的谈
18 6
话中,青少年们把拿到驾照描述为父母纠缠不休的事情———这对前几代人来说是不可想象的。
) 独立不是免费的———你的口袋里需要一些钱来支付汽油费,或者买一瓶杜松子酒。
M iGen
青少年不工作(或者不管理自己的钱)。 据统计,在 世纪 年代末, 的高中毕业生在学年
20 70 77%
期间为赚钱而工作;到 年代中期,只有 的人这样做了。 八年级学生为赚钱而工作的人
2010 55%
数减少了一半。 这种下降在经济大萧条期间加速了,尽管就业机会已经反弹,但青少年就业并没
有反弹。
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. C)
【精析】 题干中的
“Millennialsviewed the world in a way different from teens do today.”
与 段材料第三句
C “The biggest difference between the Millennials and their predecessors
was in how they viewed the world; teens today differ from the Millennials not just in their
相匹配 故选
views” 。 C。
[答案]
37. E)
【精析】 题干中的
“It is obvious that iGen teens are deeply influenced by cellphone as well
74
· ·与 段材料前两句
as social media” E “the clearer it became thatshaped by the smartphone
相匹配 故选
and by the concomitant rise of social media. I call them iGen.” 。 E。
[答案]
38. D)
【精析】 题干中的
“Teens behavior changed suddenlyover half of Americans had
与 段材料第一句
smartphones.” D “What happened in 2012 to cause such dramatic shifts in
和最后一句
behavior” “when the proportion of Americans who owned a smartphone
相匹配 故选
surpassed 50 percent.” 。 D。
[答案]
39. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材
“Physicallytoday’s teens are much safer than ever before” G
料第四句 相匹配 故选
“today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been.” 。 G。
[答案]
40. A)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料前两
“a generation has relatively stable characteristics.” A
句 相
“for25 yearsthe characteristics that come to define a generation appear gradually”
匹配 故选
。 A。
[答案]
41. J)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材
“chatting online for some time before they may have a date.” J
料倒数第二句 相匹配 故选
“‘talked’ for a while, they might start dating.” 。 J。
[答案]
42. H)
【精析】 题干中的
“nothing can be compared to those from the smartphone and social
与 段材料倒数第二句
media.” H “the twin rise of the smartphone and social media has
相匹配 故
caused an earthquake of a magnitude we’ve not seen in a very long time” 。
选
H。
[答案]
43. M)
【精析】 题干中的
“Jobs for the young are sufficienttoday, but they are unwilling to work
与 段材料最后一句
for pay.” M “but teen employment has not bounced back, even though
相匹配 故选
job availability has.” 。 M。
[答案]
44. F)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“heavily dependent on their smartphone.” F
相匹配 故选
“living their lives on their smartphone.” 。 F。
[答案]
45. L)
【精析】 题干中的
“Having driver’s licence was once treated as important, but teens
与 段材料第一句
nowadays do not think much of it.” L “Even driving, a symbol of adolescent
相匹配 故
freedom in American popular culturehas lost its appeal for today’s teens.” 。
选
L。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
名片已经以各种不同的形式存在很长时间了。 中国人在 世纪发明了拜帖来知会他们想
15
要拜访的人。 欧洲商人在 世纪发明了贸易卡片,作用类似于小型的广告。
17
很多公司都设法把它们的名片设计成宣传其产品的小型促销广告。 乐高员工将印有其联系
75
· ·方式的小塑胶玩具分发出去。 麦当劳的商务名片做成一份炸薯条的形状。 一位加拿大的离婚律
师曾经分发过可以一分为二的名片———争吵的夫妻一人一半。
这种小花招很快就会失去吸引力。 对技术空前者们而言,这些小花招正好显示出实体商务
名片大势已去。 不管怎么说,当可以简单地在智能手机上交换电子名片的时候,为什么还要大费
周章的交换这些厚纸呢?
但是,人们也可以做出相反的辩论:商务名片不会消亡,在铺天盖地的会议和通信之中,名片
鹤立鸡群更加重要。 数字时代重塑商务名片的企图一筹莫展。
商务名片在数字时代的繁盛令人难以忽视商界的很多事情都是永恒的。 例如,那个永恒且
难以逃避的问题:你是否可以信任某个人。 机器可以比人类做得更好的事情与日俱增。 但是,它
们无法正视人们的眼睛,就判断出他们是什么样的人,
而且它们无法将相识变为相交。 商业生活的很大一部分就是怎样建立社会联系———和人们
一起进餐、一起运动,乃至一起醉酒———而机器接手的琐碎事务越多,人类就不得不更聚焦于人
际交往。
全球化和虚拟化的快速推进意味着建立信任的过程正变得越来越费力。 经理人不得不更加
努力地与来自不同文化背景的人们建立信任感:跨国公司的首席执行官们时常有四分之三的时
间在出差。 他们还必须更擅长利用私人会面的机会来强化通过电话和网络初步建立的联系。
此时,商务名片可发挥双重作用。 它们可以作为一种快速建立联系的方式,也可以实实在在
地提醒你确实与某个人会过面,而不是仅仅是在谷歌上搜索过他们。 翻翻一摞摞各式各样的名
片有助于人们重拾会面的记忆,而这与仅仅浏览样式统一的电子通讯录大相径庭。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第二段
divorce lawyer’s cards 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查作者举例的目的 该段首句提到很多公司都尽力把它
。 。
们的名片设计成宣传其产品的小型促销广告 随后进行举例 显然是为了说明作者的这
, ,
一观点 故 为答案
, B) 。
[答案]
47. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第三段前两句
Line 1, Para. 3 。
【精析】 词语理解题 本题考查根据上下文理解特定词汇的含义 第二段讲到了各种
。 。
独出心裁的商务名片设计 而定位段第二句说 对技术空想者们而言 这些小花招正好显
, , ,
示出实体商务名片大势已去 可见此处是说这种小花招的前景并不是很好 观察四个选
, ,
项 只有 失去吸引力 符合上下文 故为答案
, D)“ ” , 。
[答案]
48. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项定位到原文第五段第一句 第六段第二
cannot be replaced 、
句和第八段第二句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查商务名片不可取代的原因 由第五段第一句可知 即
。 。 ,
使在数字时代 商务名片也是不可取代的 而且原因可在第六段第二句找到 即商务活动
, , ,
的很大一部分就是建立社会联系 而人们必须通过面对面的交往才能真正建立联系 而
, ,
且最后一段第二句指出名片可以实实在在地提醒人们曾与某个人会过面 可见它可以帮
,
助人们在商务活动中建立实际的社会联系 是对上述这些相关信息的综合 故为
,A) ,
答案
。
76
· ·[答案]
49. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文最后两段
the last two paragraphs 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查对最后两段暗示信息的理解 最后一段第二句指出
。 。 ,
商务名片不仅可以作为一种快速建立联系的方式 也可以实实在在地提醒人们确实与某
,
个人会过面 而不是仅仅在谷歌上搜索过他们 可见商务名片可以提醒人们之间的有过
, ,
面对面的交流 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
50. A)
【定位】 由题干可定位到全文
。
【精析】 主旨大意题 本题考查对全文主旨的把握 文章从名片的历史渊源谈起 并
。 。 ,
介绍了名片各种独出心裁的设计 随后反驳了有些人对名片在数字时代是否还有存在意
,
义的质疑 指出名片在当今的商务世界仍有着不可替代的作用和价值 并具体解释了其
, ,
中的原因 综合看来 文章的主要笔墨都花在了解释商务名片为何在数字时代繁盛的原
。 ,
因上 故答案为
, A)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
城市监管局的负责人警告国会议员说,英国脱欧的强硬措施给金融市场的融合造成了危机,
并令消费者免受银行失误影响的目的更加难以达成。
英国金融市场行为监管局首席执行官安德鲁·贝利说,冒险的脱欧行为———英国一旦脱离
欧盟,其监管框架就要改变———除了威胁法律和市场的稳定,还会带来竞争危机。
在贝利最近给财政特别委员会的一封书信中,他指出,骤然脱欧可能导致监管者们难以获取
其监管企业的信息。 “有关监管框架的任何不确定性都可能会影响金融市场行为监管局或其他
监管机构采取强制措施处理和防止不法行为的能力,”贝利说。
他还特别提到了企业原本可以自由通用于欧盟 个成员国的“许可证”骤然失效所带来的
28
危机。 贝利之前就已经告知委员会,有 , 家在英国注册的企业至少持有一本在其他欧盟和
5 476
欧洲经济区成员国开展业务的许可证,同时还有 , 多个在其他欧盟国登记的公司依据这些
8 000
条例在英国发展业务。
他说,存在的风险就是企业在没有合法经营许可证的情况下,被迫停止出售商品,或者一旦
不能按约定向消费者提供服务,就极易遭到法律诉讼。 如果先前的许可最终协议终止的话,金融
市场行为监管局可能没有足够的时间处理申请———这项工作需耗时大约 周。
23
前任影子内阁大臣,“开放英国运动”的领导者克里斯·莱斯利说:“脱欧后的英国最不应该
做的就是捆绑金融市场行为监管局的手脚。 强硬的脱欧行为不仅会将我们的经济推到悬崖边,
还可能导致卓有成效的监管失去效力。”
“如果说我们从 年全球经济危机中汲取什么教训的话,那就是明晰的金融服务管理体
2008
系至关重要。 令人担忧的是,如果英国未达成过渡性协议就骤然脱欧,这个国家负责金融体系的
人们会说他们无法正常开展工作。”
“当金融监管部门自己都说他们在强硬脱欧之后无法恰当地保护消费者,那么理应引起政府
的注意和重视。 如果监管部门都无法正常监管金融交易,那么我们就是将公民财产和整体市场
置于险地。”
77
· ·【答案精析】
[答案]
51. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第二段
Andrew Bailey 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查对 相关信息的理解 由定位段可知 冒
。 Andrew Bailey 。 ,
险的脱欧行为 英国一旦脱离欧盟 其监管框架就要改变 除了威胁到法律和市场
——— , ———
的稳定 还会带来竞争危机 可见贝利对于英国脱欧之后的监管框架的改变将会带来的
, 。
问题进行了预测 随后第三至五段有他对相关问题更详细的阐述 故答案为
, , D)。
[答案]
52. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第四段
Paragraph Four 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查引用数据的目的 定位段主要提到企业可以使用的通
。 。
行于欧盟的 许可证 骤然失效可能带来的很多问题 贝利提到了受影响的国家和公司
“ ” ,
的数目 是为了说明这个问题影响的范围很广 故答案为
, 。 A)。
[答案]
53. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第五段第一句
loss of firms’ “passport” 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查所谓的 许可证 一旦失效可能带来的问题 定位句提
。 “ ” 。
到 存在的风险就是企业在没有合法经营许可证的情况下 被迫停止出售商品 或者一旦
, , ,
不能按约定向消费者提供服务 就极易遭到法律诉讼 可知 许可证 骤然失效会增加国
, , “ ”
际贸易中的法律纠纷 故 为答案
, C) 。
[答案]
54. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第七段第一句和
the last two paragraphs Chris Leslie
第八段第二句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查对克里斯 莱斯利观点的理解 第七段首句引用了克
。 · 。
里斯 莱斯利的原话 指出应该从 年全球经济危机中吸取教训 那就是明晰的金融
· , 2008 ,
服务管理体系至关重要 并在随后一段强调一旦监管部门不能依照法规有效监控 那么
, ,
公民财产和整体市场都会面临风险 可知莱斯利是在强调明晰的法规体系十分重要 故
, ,
答案为
B)。
[答案]
55. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项定位到原文最后三段相关内容
Chris Leslie’s 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查文中涉及的两个主要人物的观点 从定位段提供的信
。 。
息综合得知 莱斯利强调应该建立明晰的市场监管法律法规体系 让金融市场的管理者
, ,
能够更好地应对脱欧可能带来的一系列风险 而上文也提到了贝利对强行脱欧之后可
。
能存在的风险进行了预测 可见两人都是对脱欧后的可能存在的问题有所担心 故答案
, ,
为
D)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
The World Robot Conference has officially kicked off in Beijing with the theme “Collaborative
Innovation toward the Building of an Intellectual Society”. The conference brings together the world’s
top experts in robotics and the most advanced robots. The five-day conference invites representatives
from 150 robot companies around the world. A variety of robots are on display, ranging from industrial
robots to service ones such as those that can help do household chores and help with childcare. China is
a leader in the robot field with 68,000 robots sold last year. The sales volume of industrial robots in
Chinese market has been increasing at an average rate of 35% in the past 5 years.
78
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(二)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
B C A D A C D A D C D A C D B
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
A C D D A C B D A B M C L O N
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
D B F G A F C G J M L I N K A
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
D A C B D C C B D A
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
How to Be a Civilized Tourist
?
In recent years, there have been numerous complaints from various travel destinations around the
world about the uncivilized behavior of Chinese tourists. Accordingly, how to be a civilized tourist has
become the focus of public concern.
In my view, traveling in a civilized way is the obligation of each citizen. First of all, each of us
should consciously abide by the public order and social ethics wherever we are. It’s common sense that
putting an end to such improper behavior as spitting, littering, vandalizing, jaywalking and jumping a
queue should be part of an individual’s daily code of conduct. Secondly, traveling can always cause
culture shock, so it is important to be aware of the culture and beliefs of our destination. Having cultural
sensitivity and being equipped with necessary knowledge will ensure us to be a good tourist. Last but not
least, keep in mind that being a tourist also comes with personal responsibilities. Regardless of where we
go, it’s our duty to act as an ambassador for our country and to leave a good impression on the
locals.
In a word, civilized tourism starts from every individual!
【参考译文】
如何做一名文明的游客?
近年来,世界各地的旅游目的地有很多关于中国游客不文明行为的投诉。 因此,如何做一名
文明的游客成为公众关注的焦点。
79
· ·在我看来,文明旅行是每个公民的义务。 首先,我们无论在哪里,都应该自觉遵守公共秩序
和社会道德。 制止随地吐痰、乱扔垃圾、破坏公物、乱穿马路和插队等不当行为应该成为个人日
常行为准则的一部分,这是常识。 其次,旅行总是会引起文化冲击,所以了解目的地的文化和信
仰是重要的。 拥有文化敏感性和必要的知识将确保我们成为一名优秀的游客。 最后但同样重要
的是,请记住,作为一名游客也有个人责任。 无论我们去哪里,我们都有责任扮演好我们国家的
形象大使,给当地人留下好印象。
总之,文明旅游从每个人做起!
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
Conversation One
W: What are you doing?
M: I’m ordering some filing cabinets out of a catalog.
W: What do you need them for?
M: There’s so much stuff piling up in my dormitory room. If I don’t do something soon, I won’t
be able to move in there.
W: Do you usually order from a catalog?
M: Sometimes. Why?
W: Oh, it’s just in the history class today that we were talking about how the catalog sales
business first got started in the US. A Chicago retailer, Montgomery Ward started it in the late
1800s. It was really popular among farmers. It was difficult for them to make it from the big
city stores so they ordered from catalogs.
M: Was Ward the only one in the business?
W: At first. But another person named Richard Sears started his own catalog after he heard how
much money Ward was making.
M: What made them so popular?
W: Farmers trusted Ward and Sears for one thing. They delivered the products the farmers paid for
and even refunded the price of things the farmers weren’t satisfied with. The catalogs became
so popular that some country school teachers even used them as textbooks.
M: Textbooks?
W: Yeah. Students practise spelling the names and adding up the prices of things in the
catalogs.
M: Was everybody thrilled about them?
W: That’s doubtful. They drove some small stores out of business. Sears and Ward sold stuff in
such large quantities. They were able to under cut the prices at some small family-owned
stores.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. Why does the man order some filing cabinets?
[答案]
B)
80
· ·2. Why did farmers like to buy things from catalogs?
[答案]
C)
3. How did some teachers make use of catalogs?
[答案]
A)
4. What is the influence of catalogs on small stores?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
女: 你在做什么?
男: 我正在从目录上订购一些文件柜。
女: 你要它们做什么?
男: 我的宿舍里堆满了东西。 如果我不尽快做点儿什么,我就没法搬进去了。
女: 你通常从目录上订货吗?
男: 有时会。 为什么这么问?
女: 哦,就在今天的历史课上,我们讨论了目录销售业务在美国是如何开始的。 芝加哥零售
商蒙哥马利·沃德在 世纪末创办了这家公司。 它在农场主中很受欢迎。 他们很难从
19
大城市的商店里买到(自己想要的东西),所以他们从目录上订购。
男: 只有沃德一个人做这个行业吗?
女: 起初是。 但另一个叫理查德·西尔斯的人在听说沃德赚了多少钱后,开办了自己的
目录。
男: 是什么让它们这么受欢迎?
女: 一方面农场主们信任沃德和西尔斯公司。 他们交付了农场主支付的产品,甚至退还了农
场主对价格不满意的产品。 这些目录非常受欢迎,一些乡村学校的老师甚至把它们当作
教科书。
男: 课本吗?
女: 是的。 学生们练习拼写商品目录中的商品名称,并把商品的价格加起来。
男: 每个人都为这种销售模式兴奋吗?
女: 这不太可能。 他们使一些小商店破产。 西尔斯和沃德的销售量很大。 他们在一些小的
家庭商店降价出售。
Conversation Two
M: Shaking an infant out of anger or frustration can lead to severe brain damage, even death.
A New Jersey company called Bouncing Babies is making it safer than ever to shake your
baby. Joining us now is the founder of Bouncing Babies, Kelly Timmons. Hi, Kelly.
W: Thanks for having me.
M: Kelly, tell us about this amazing product you’ve created.
W: Well, it’s called the Baby Safe Ball, and it keeps your baby one hundred percent safe, no
matter how hard you shake him or her.
M: Yeah, well, it looks like a great shower gift.
W: Oh, yes. It’s perfect for first-time mothers, and I also recommend it to daycare centers or
81
· ·babysitters, anyone who’s working with a newborn.
M: Right, wonderful! So, show us how it works.
W: Well, it uses a technology which keeps the baby upright no matter how you shove or
throw it.
M: So the baby’s neck won’t snap under the weight of its skull being thrown back and forth.
W: That’ s right, exactly. And on the outside, it’ s got a thick layer of break-resistant
material. So you can throw this thing against the stone wall and it won’t crack.
M: OK. Oh, it’s actually quite light.
W: Yes, and it’s sound-proof, and there are clowns painted on the inside.
M: You know, Kelly, we have had a volunteer’s own baby Sam to be used as a demonstrator, so
you can show us exactly how the Baby Safe Ball works.
W: I’ll be glad to.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
[答案]
A)
6. What is unusual about the Baby Safe Ball?
[答案]
C)
7. What is the position of the baby in the Baby Safe Ball?
[答案]
D)
8. What are the two speakers going to do next?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
男: 因为愤怒或沮丧而摇晃婴儿会导致严重的脑损伤,甚至死亡。 新泽西州一家名为
的公司让摇晃宝宝变得比以往任何时候都更安全。 现在加入我们的是
Bouncing Babies
的创始人凯利·蒂蒙斯。 嗨,凯利。
Bouncing Babies
女: 谢谢你邀请我。
男: 凯利,跟我们说说你发明的这个神奇的产品吧。
女: 嗯,这叫婴儿安全球,它能保证你的宝宝百分之百的安全,不管你怎么使劲摇晃宝宝。
男: 是啊,看起来它会是一个很棒的礼物。
女: 哦,是的。 对新手妈妈来说,这是完美的,我也推荐给日托中心或保姆,任何与新生儿打
交道的人。
男: 是的,太棒了! 那么,向我们展示它是如何工作的吧。
女: 嗯,它采用了一种技术,无论你怎么推或扔,它都能让婴儿保持直立。
男: 这样婴儿的脖子就不会在头盖骨前后晃动的重量下折断。
女: 没错。 在外面,它有一层厚厚的防摔材料。 所以你可以把这东西扔到石墙上,它不会
破裂。
男: 好吧。 哦,它其实很轻。
女: 是的,它是隔音的,里面画着小丑。
男: 凯利,你知道,我们有一个志愿者自己的孩子萨姆来做示范,所以你可以向我们展示婴儿
82
· ·安全球究竟是如何工作的。
女: 我很乐意。
Section B
Passage One
In January 1989, the Community of European Raiways presented their proposal for a high speed
pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year
2020. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between
major cities will take half the time they take today. Brussels will be only one and a half hours from
Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not
plane. When the network is complete it will integrate three types of railway line: today new high-speed
lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds
up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of
freight. If business people can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center
and a one-hour flight, they’ll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They won’t go by
plane anymore. If you calculate flight time, check in and travel to and from the airport, you’ll find
almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes,
then the train passengers will arrive at their destinations first. Since France introduced the first 260-
kilometer-per-hour high-speed train service between Paris and Lyon in 1981, the trains have achieved
higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high-
speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways’ plan, the 21st century will be the
new age of the train.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
[答案]
D)
10. What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
[答案]
C)
11. Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
[答案]
D)
12. When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
年 月,欧洲铁路共同体提出了在 年前建立从瑞典到西西里岛、从葡萄牙到波兰
1989 1 2020
的泛欧高速铁路网的建议。 如果他们的提议成为现实,它将彻底改变欧洲的火车旅行。 大城市
之间的旅行时间将是现在的一半。 布鲁塞尔离巴黎只有一个半小时的路程。 从巴黎到法兰克
福,从巴塞罗那到马德里,最快的方式将是乘火车,而不是乘飞机。 铁路网络建成后,它将整合三
种类型的铁路线:目前新的高速铁路线,列车运行速度为每小时 公里;升级后的铁路线,时速
300
可达每小时 至 公里;以及用于本地连接和货运配送的现有铁路线。 一位高管旅游顾问
200 225
说,如果商务人士可以在从一个市中心到另一个市中心的三小时火车旅行和一小时的飞机旅行
83
· ·之间做出选择,他们会选择火车。 他们不再乘飞机去了。 如果你计算一下飞行时间、办理登机手
续以及往返机场的行程,你会发现几乎(和乘火车)没有什么不同。 如果你的飞机由于恶劣天气
或空中交通堵塞或罢工而晚点,那么火车乘客将会先到达目的地。 自 年法国开通巴黎和里
1981
昂之间时速 公里的高速列车服务以来,列车的速度越来越快。 在许多航线上,航空公司高达
260
的乘客都被高铁抢走了。 如果人们接受欧洲铁路共同体的计划, 世纪将是火车的新时代。
90% 21
Passage Two
Western doctors are beginning to understand what traditional healers have always known—the body
and the mind are inseparable. Until recently, modern urban physicians heal the body, psychiatrists the
mind, and priests the soul. However,the medical world is now paying more attention to holistic
medicine, which is an approach based on the belief that people’s state of mind can make them sick or
speed their recovery from sickness. Several studies show that the effectiveness of a certain drug often
depends on the patient’s expectations of it. For example, in one recent study, psychiatrists at a major
hospital tried to see how patients could be made calm. They divided them into two groups. One group
was given a drug while the other group received a harmless substance instead of medicine without their
knowledge. Surprisingly, more patients in the second group showed the desired effect than those in the
first group. In study after study, there’s a positive reaction in almost one-third of the patients taking
harmless substances. How was this possible? How can such a substance have an effect on the body?
Evidence from a 1997 study at the University of California shows that several patients who received such
substances were able to produce their own natural drug, that is, as they took the substance their brains
released natural chemicals that act like a drug. Scientists theorized that the amount of these chemicals
released by a person’s brain quite possibly indicates how much faith the person has in his or her
doctor.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. According to the speaker, what are Western doctors beginning to understand?
[答案]
C)
14. What does the recent study at a major hospital seem to prove?
[答案]
D)
15. What evidence does the 1997 study at the University of California produce?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
西方医生开始明白传统治疗师一直都知道的一个道理———身体和精神是不可分割的。 直到
最近,现代城市医生治疗身体,精神科医生治疗心灵,牧师治疗灵魂。 然而,医学界现在更加关注
整体医学,这个方法基于一种信念,即人们的精神状态可以使他们生病或加速他们从疾病中恢
复。 几项研究表明,某种药物的效果往往取决于病人对它的期望。 例如,在最近的一项研究中,
一家大医院的精神病学家试图了解如何使病人平静下来。 他们把病人分成两组。 在不知情的情
况下,一组服用药物,另一组服用无害物质而不是药物。 令人惊讶的是,第二组比第一组有更多
的病人显示出预期的效果。 在一项又一项的研究中,几乎三分之一服用无害物质的病人都有积
极的反应。 这怎么可能呢? 这种物质怎么会对人体产生影响呢? 加利福尼亚大学 年的一
1997
84
· ·项证据表明,一些接受了这种物质的病人能够产生自己的天然药物,也就是说,当他们服用这种
物质时,他们的大脑会释放出像药物一样的天然化学物质。 科学家们推测,一个人大脑释放的这
些化学物质的数量很可能表明这个人对他或她的医生有多信任。
Section C
Recording One
Have you tried recycling? Sometimes recycling can involve putting things to good use that you no
longer want. Instead of throwing something out, think about the ways that you can recycle it and
brighten someone else’s life.
As Americans, we sometimes take something as important as shoes for granted. When we don’t
like the pair we have or they get a small hole in them, we will usually throw them out and buy new
ones. But instead of throwing them out, you can recycle your shoes and even save a life. When you
donate your old shoes to charity, you are helping nearly 300 million children around the world who do
not have any shoes at all. It is estimated that the lack of proper footwear causes the deaths of up to one
million of those children. That is how your recycled shoes can save lives.
Technology changes rapidly these days, and many people do what they can to keep up. A common
practice is for people to throw any old laptops or cell phones in a drawer and then move on to buying a
new one. But you can sell that old cell phone or computer and use that money to buy a new
iPhone. There are plenty of places that will buy that old device and let you recycle it into cash. There
are also non-for-profit organizations like Cell Phones for Soldiers that collect donated cell phones. When
upgrading your electronics, look for positive ways to discard the old alternatives.
When non-rechargeable batteries die, most people usually throw them away. The batteries that
contain metals such as nickel are recyclable. As a matter of fact, the more hazardous the battery
material is, the more likely you will be able to have it recycled. Instead of throwing out those dead
batteries and unleashing harmful materials into the environment, find out if your retailer has a battery
recycling program. If you cannot recycle them locally, then there are companies you can mail the
batteries to for proper recycling.
Recycling is one of the best ways for anyone to help the environment. You should always check and
see if there is a way to recycle something and preserve our natural resources before throwing it into the
garbage. Remember that one man’s trash is another man’s treasure.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. What does the speaker say about recycling?
[答案]
A)
17. Why does the speaker say recycling shoes can save lives?
[答案]
C)
18. What does the speaker suggest people do with the old device?
[答案]
D)
19. What should people do if they cannot recycle dead batteries locally?
[答案]
D)
85
· ·【参考译文】
你试过回收吗? 有时候,回收利用包括把你不再需要的东西好好利用。 不要把东西扔掉,想
想你可以回收利用的方法,照亮别人的生活。
作为美国人,我们有时把像鞋子这样重要的东西视为理所当然。 当我们不喜欢我们的鞋,或
者它们有一个小洞时,我们通常会把它们扔掉,去买一双新的。 但你可以回收利用你的鞋子,而
不是扔掉它们,(这个行为)甚至可以挽救一条生命。 当你把你的旧鞋捐给慈善机构时,你就是在
帮助世界上近 亿没有鞋子穿的孩子。 据估计,缺乏合适的鞋子导致多达 万儿童死亡。 这就
3 100
是你的回收鞋拯救生命的方式。
如今科技变化很快,许多人都想尽办法跟上科技的步伐。 一种常见的做法是,人们把旧笔记
本电脑或手机扔进抽屉,然后再去买新的。 但你可以卖掉旧手机或旧电脑,用这笔钱买一个新的
。 有很多地方会购买那种旧设备,让你把它回收成现金。 也有一些非营利组织,如“士兵手
iPhone
机”,收集捐赠的手机。 当升级你的电子产品时,寻找积极的方式来丢弃旧的替代品。
当不可充电电池没电时,大多数人通常会把它们扔掉。 含有像镍等金属的电池是可回收的。
事实上,电池材料越危险,你就越有可能将其回收。 与其扔掉那些坏电池,把有害物质释放到环
境中,不如看看你的零售商是否有电池回收计划。 如果你不能在当地回收它们,那么你可以把电
池邮寄给一些公司进行适当的回收。
回收利用是任何人帮助环境的最好方式之一。 在把东西扔进垃圾桶之前,你应该经常检查
一下,看看是否有办法回收一些东西,保护我们的自然资源。 记住,一个人的垃圾是另一个人的
宝藏。
Recording Two
Train and railway expressions worked their way into American English over a century ago. Many of
those terms are still being used today.
Railroads changed the look of the United States. They also gave many Americans the chance to
move around the country.
Sometimes railroad tracks would not join up in a town but divide into two. If you say someone is
from the wrong side of the tracks, it means they are from the bad side of town. To go off the track means
to move away from ones intended purpose or goal.
For example, you could say your career went way off track if you wanted to be a lawyer but became
an actor instead. But if you go to law school and complete your studies your career is back on
track. Let’s say you finished law school very quickly because you took double the course load. You
then could say you fast-tracked your way to becoming a lawyer. In the world of business it is common to
say a project has been fast-tracked or is on a fast track.
To stay on track means to pay attention to your goal or purpose. But getting sidetracked is just the
opposite. A train that is sidetracked gets sent to a different station or down a different line.
Talking about train tracks, a rail is a single piece of steel that is part of the larger railway. Some
rails are dangerous to touch. The third rail is also an issue which can fuel a heated debate. At a party,
religion or politics could be the third rail topics. Talking about them could kill your social life! When
something goes off the rails, it is always a bad thing. To go off the rails means a person’s project or life
86
· ·is a wreck or—pardon the expression—a train wreck. When a train reaches its final stop, we say it has
reached the end of the line. If you reach the end of the line you have come to the end of
something. Often in old films, this is what the bad guy says just before he kills someone.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
20. How did Americans benefit from the railway?
[答案]
A)
21. What could be the third rail topics at a party?
[答案]
C)
22. What does it mean when we say a man reaches the end of the line?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
火车和铁路的表达在一个多世纪前就进入了美式英语,其中许多术语至今仍在使用。
铁路改变了美国的面貌。 他们也给了许多美国人在全国各地穿梭的机会。
有时,铁路轨道不会在一个城镇里连在一起,而是分成两个。 如果你说某人走错路了,意思
是他们来自城市不好的一边,偏离轨道的意思是远离预定的目的或目标。
例如,如果你想成为一名律师,但却成了一名演员,你可以说你的职业生涯偏离了轨道。 但
如果你上了法学院,完成学业,你的职业生涯就回到了正轨。 假设你很快就从法学院毕业了,因
为你学了两倍的课程。 然后你可以说你快速成了一名律师。 在商业世界中,我们通常会说一个
项目已经快速完成或正在快速完成。
“保持在轨道上”意思是说专注于你的目标或目的。 不过“偏离正轨”的意思正好相反。 一辆
偏离正轨的列车会被送到不同的车站,或走上不同的路线。
说到火车轨道,轨道是一根钢,是大铁路的一部分。 有些轨道碰起来很危险。 第三轨也是一
个可以引发激烈辩论的问题。 在聚会上,宗教或政治可能是第三轨道话题。 谈论它们会毁掉你
的社交生活! 当某件事偏离轨道时,它总是一件坏事。 偏离轨道意思是一个人的项目或生活一
团糟,或者———用这个表达———火车失事。 当火车到达终点站时,我们说它已经到了穷途末路。
如果你到达路线的末端,你就来到了某事的结尾。 在老电影中,这句话通常是坏人在杀人前说
的话。
Recording Three
Historically, the correlation between education and income has been strong. But in the early
1970s, a contradiction developed between education and the economy. Our value of education and our
average educational attainment outstripped the capacity of the economy to absorb the graduates.
Experts have argued that this contradiction is at the heart of the problem of public education
today. It is not as business leaders claim that the schools are failing to properly educate students, or that
they are turning out young people who are inadequately prepared to function in the workplace. The real
problem is a lack of economic opportunities for students who are not continuing on to college.
College graduates are also having difficulty finding jobs. Even when they do, the jobs may not be
in proportion to their training and expectations. Part of the problem is that too many young Americans
aspire to have professional jobs, making disappointment and frustration inevitable for them. Many
87
· ·students assume that what is true of an individual—that the higher the education is, the better the job
opportunities will also be true for the entire society. But when the number of better-educated young
people becomes too great the economy could no longer absorb them.
Another part of the problem is the assumption that greater educational attainment guarantees career
advancement. In fact, employers do not routinely reward educational attainment; rather they reward it
only when they believe it will contribute to the employee’s productivity.
We should not overlook the fact that there is still a strong correlation between education,
occupation and income. College graduates have a strong advantage over those with less education. But
the payoff is neither as large nor as certain as it once was.
Unfortunately, Americans have focused so strongly on the economic payoff that many consider their
college education useless if it does not yield a desirable well-paying job. Only in this sense can we
speak of an “oversupply” of college graduates. We could argue that all or at least the majority of
Americans would profit by some degree because higher education can enable the individual to think
more deeply, explore more widely, and enjoy a greater range of experiences.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. What is the contradiction between education and the economy since the early 1970s?
[答案]
D)
24. What is the real problem causing the contradiction between education and the economy?
[答案]
A)
25. What frustrates college graduates in the job market?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
从历史上看,教育和收入之间的相关性很强。 但在 世纪 年代初,教育和经济之间出现
20 70
了矛盾。 我们的教育价值和平均受教育程度超过了经济吸收毕业生的能力。
专家们认为,这种矛盾是当今公共教育问题的核心。 并不像商业领袖声称的那样,学校没有
对学生进行适当的教育,或者他们培养的年轻人没有为工作做好充分的准备。 真正的问题是没
有继续上大学的学生缺乏经济机会。
大学毕业生也很难找到工作。 即使他们这样做了,这些工作也可能与他们所受的培训和期
望不成比例。 问题的部分原因在于,太多的美国年轻人渴望从事专业工作,这让他们不可避免地
感到失望和沮丧。 许多学生认为,对个人来说是正确的———教育程度越高,工作机会越好,对整
个社会来说也是正确的。 但是,当受过良好教育的年轻人数量过多时,经济就无法再吸收他们。
另一部分问题是人们认为更高的教育程度能保证职业发展。 事实上,雇主通常不会奖励受
教育程度;相反,只有当他们认为这样做有助于提高员工的工作效率时,他们才会给予奖励。
我们不应忽视这一事实:教育、职业和收入之间仍然有很强的相关性。 大学毕业生比受教育
程度低的人有很大的优势。 但回报既不像以前那么大,也不像以前那么确定。
不幸的是,美国人过于关注经济回报,以至许多人认为,如果大学教育不能给他们带来一份
理想的高薪工作,他们的大学教育就毫无用处。 只有在这个意义上,我们才能说大学毕业生“供
过于求”。 我们可以说,所有或至少大多数美国人都会在某种程度上受益,因为高等教育可以使
个人更深入地思考,更广泛地探索,并享受更广泛的经历。
88
· ·Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
官员们说亚特兰大儿童医疗保健中心希望将佐治亚州从儿童肥胖症的前十名名单中剔除。
美国最大的儿童医疗机构亚特兰大儿童医疗保健中心的医生说,他们在健康生活诊所为
岁的患者治疗与肥胖有关的并发症。
3
该医疗系统的高级职员说,它在 年初开始了 活动,这是一项大规模的公众意
2011 Strong-Life
识活动,同时还开展了一些项目和合作,以帮助孩子和他们的父母。 该活动的第一阶段,即“警
告”广告,旨在引起人们的关注和人们讨论儿童肥胖问题。
佛罗里达大学沃林顿商学院的理查德·卢茨博士在一份声明中说:“研究中的一个显著发现
是,虽然 的受访者认为儿童肥胖是一个有点儿或非常严重的问题,但只有 的肥胖儿童的
96% 28%
父母认为他们的孩子超重或肥胖,而且只有 的父母关注他们孩子的体重。”
36%
“这种明显的脱节,被称为‘感知的个人免疫力’效应,在诸如容易受到肺癌、皮肤癌和艾滋病
的影响等问题上已经有了记录。”
该项目还包括培训 , 多名医疗服务提供者、护士和营养师与他们的病人讨论肥胖问题;
1 000
到 多所学校给孩子们分享健康饮食和体育活动的重要性,并教育 多名日托中心工作人员
100 430
使用 工具包,在孩子们幼年时教授健康的习惯。
Strong-Life
【答案精析】
名 词 活动 状况 活动 运动 实践 实际行动
: A) activity , ; C) campaign , ; K) practice ,
动 词 捐献 记录 记载 交流 合作 到
: E) contributed ; F) documented , ; J) interact , ; L) reach
达 抵达 被 看到 或听到 联系 使有联系 引发 触发
, , …… ( ); M) related , ; O) spark ,
形容词 显而易见 明显的 担忧的 致命的 显
: B) apparent , ;D) concerned ;H) fatal ;N) remarkable
著的 引人注目的
,
副 词 容易地 轻易地 立即 马上
: G) easily , ; I) immediately ,
[答案]
26. M) related
【精析】 形容词辨析题 根据句意可知 亚特兰大儿童医疗保健中心的医生治疗儿童
。 ,
与肥胖相关的并发症 空格处应当是对 并发症 一词的修饰限定 而空格后又有介词
, “ ” ,
故推断应填入形容词或动词的过去分词作后置定语 结合所给选项 可以和
to, 。 ,related
介词 搭配 意为 与 相关 符合题意 意为 贡献 不符合句意 故
to , “ …… ”, 。 contributed to “ ”, ,
排除
。
[答案]
27. C) campaign
【精析】 名词辨析题 空格前为冠词 故推断其应为名词短语 因此空格处应填入名
。 a, ,
词 后面一句提到了 故推断空格处应填入
。 the first phase of the campaign, campaign。
[答案]
28. L) reach
【精析】 动词辨析题 空格位于不定式符号 之后 因此空格处应填入动词原形 根
。 to , 。
据上下文可知 该中心开展的活动旨在引起人们对儿童肥胖问题的关注 因此这项活动
, ,
的参与者必然包括父母和儿童 故应选 被听到 看到 为不及物动词 而
, reach “ / ”。 interact ,
89
· ·意思不符 两项均不符合句意 故均排除
spark , , 。
[答案]
29. O) spark
【精析】 动词辨析题 空格位于 之后 从结构上推断该空格和名词 一
。 and , conversation
起与 构成并列结构 因此空格处应填入动词原形 和 保持一致 根
raise awareness , , raise 。
据句意可知 该活动的第一阶段为 警示 广告 旨在引起人们的关注和人们讨论儿童肥
, “ ” ,
胖问题 结合所给动词 符合句意 故为答案
。 ,spark , 。
[答案]
30. N) remarkable
【精析】 形容词辨析题 空格位于冠词和名词之间 故推断应填入形容词 作定语 此
。 , , 。
处要表达的是 研究中的一个显著发现是 符合句意 不符合句
“ ”。 remarkable 。 apparent
意 故排除
, 。
[答案]
31. D) concerned
【精析】 形容词辨析题 空格位于动词 和介词 之间 故推断应填入形容词
。 were about , ,
且该形容词与 搭配 根据句意可知 此处表达的是 只有 的父母关注他们孩
about 。 , “ 36%
子的体重 因此 符合句意 故为答案
”。 ,concerned , 。。
[答案]
32. B) apparent
【精析】 形容词辨析题 由空格前的 和空格后的 判断 空格处应填入形
。 this disconnect ,
容词 作定语 修饰名词 由上一段可知 的受访者认为儿童肥胖是一个严重问题
, , 。 ,96% ,
但只有 的家长关注孩子的体重 这是一种明显的脱节 故本题答案为
36% , , apparent。 fatal
与句意不符 故排除
, 。
[答案]
33. F) documented
【精析】 动词辨析题 空格位于 之后 据此判断应填入及物动词的过去分词
。 has been , 。
该被动句的主语是 备选项中只有 符合句意和语法
This apparent disconnect, documented
要求 故为答案
, 。
[答案]
34. G) easily
【精析】 副词辨析题 空格位于被动结构 之间 且句子成分完整 故判断空
。 being affected , ,
格处应填入副词 作状语 修饰动词 根据句意可知 在诸如容易受到肺癌 皮肤癌和艾滋
, , 。 , 、
病的影响等问题上已经有了记录 因此 答案为 不符合逻辑 故排除
。 , easily。 immediately , 。
[答案]
35. A) activity
【精析】 名词辨析题 空格位于形容词 后 由 前面的并列连词 判
。 physical , physical and
断 空格处应填入名词 与 构成并列结构 根据句意可
, ,physical healthy eating 。
知 这一项目包含去学校和孩子们分享健康饮食和体育活动的重要性 因此空格处应填
, ,
入
activity。
Section B
【参考译文】
亚马逊和沃尔玛的对决解释了现代经济
) 随着亚马逊收购高端杂货连锁店全食超市,零售业分析师们多年来一直知道的事情现在
A
公之于众了。 这家在线零售商正在与沃尔玛发生对抗,试图成为你购买的几乎所有东西的主要
90
· ·销售商。 每家公司都在试图变得更像对方———沃尔玛通过大量投资其技术,亚马逊通过开设实
体书店和又在购买实体超市。 但这不仅仅是两个商业巨头之间的较量。 他们的竞争揭示了几乎
所有重大行业的经济变化。
) 这反过来又给消费者带来了福音,但也对就业、工资和不平等产生了更令人担忧的影响。
B
要了解这种史诗般的转变,你不仅可以看看杂货店业务,还可以看看我的衣橱,以及周五上午宣
布的另一项零售业收购。
) 男人的正装,包括我的,可能有点儿无聊。 像许多男性办公室工作人员一样,我倾向于穿
C
着利落但一点儿也不显眼的衣服。 几乎每个工作日,我都穿一件浅蓝色、白色或有一些微妙的格
子图案的正装衬衫,通常搭配休闲裤和西装外套。 光是这样的描述就能让人打瞌睡。 我过去常
常从一个香港裁缝那里购买我的礼服衬衫。 它们非常合身,但订购时需要在酒店套房内与来访
的销售人员进行尴尬的会面。 它们需要六周时间才能送到,每件价格约为 美元,当你每年需
120
要购买八件或十件以应对磨损时,钱就很多了。 然后几年前我意识到,一家名为 的公司
Bonobos
正在制造几乎同样适合我的衬衫,这些衬衫通常以 件 美元,或每件 美元出售,而且两天
3 220 73
就能送到。
) 成为我的主要衬衫供应商,至少在最近,当我得知亚马逊正试图进入高端男士衬
D Bonobos
衫行业时。 该公司的“ ”系列提供给亚马逊优质的客户,使用高质量的面料,基本款
Buttoned Down
衬衫 美元,很有价值。 我买了几件;它们不像 那么合身,但我确实更喜欢它的缝制工
40 Bonobos
艺,我在犹豫哪家公司会提供我的下一份衬衫订单,本周的一笔新交易让我很感兴趣: 沃尔玛正
在收购 。 沃尔玛的举动可能看起来是一个奇怪的决定。 人们通常不会向它购买 美元
Bonobos 88
的 夏季衬衫或 美元的意大利羊毛套装。 话又说回来,亚马逊最有名的是
Ruby Wynwood Plaid 750
转售他人制造的商品。
) 沃尔玛和亚马逊多年来一直将目光投向对方,各自的目标是成为商品的主导销售商———
E
无论未来的消费者想如何购买。 越来越多的人认为,“无论如何”是实体店和网上订购渠道的混
合体,而每家公司都从不同的出发点来实现这一目标。
) 亚马逊是在线销售的主导者,在大城市的富裕消费者中尤其强大。 它现在正在试验实体
F
书店和杂货店,因为它希望扩大其影响力。 沃尔玛有数千家商店,销售价值数千亿美元的商品。
它在郊区和农村地区以及中低收入消费者中特别强大,但它正在追赶网上销售和富裕的城市
居民。
) 为什么这两家大型零售商都想向我出售衬衫? 简短的回答是,因为它们都想销售一切。
G
更具体地说, 被称为正是这种网上和实体店混合销售的创新者。 它的网站和在线客户服
Bonobos
务非常好,而且它在大城市开设了商店,你可以在那里试穿服装,并直接订购商品发货。 因为所
有的实际库存都是集中的,所以商店本身可以占用最小的面积。 因此,这次收购可能有助于沃尔
玛试图在亚马逊上获得的领域建立专业知识。 你可以用同样的眼光来看待亚马逊对全食超市的
收购。 杂货店业务与亚马逊所擅长的商品类型有着完全不同的挑战;你不能像储存书籍或玩具
那样储存牛排或香蕉。 而人们希望能够随心所欲地进行购买并带回家。
) 正如沃尔玛利用 获得更高端的消费者和更有技术含量的服装销售方式一样,亚
H Bonobos
马逊利用全食超市获得销售新鲜食品所需的专业知识和实体店。 但现代经济的更大层面也在发
挥作用。
91
· ·) 长期以来,服装业一直是一个竞争激烈的行业,无数的参与者都能在其中找到商机。 一个
I
衬衫制造商的任何见解都会被其他制造商迅速复制,而消费者的价格也反映了零售商的房地产
成本和品牌推广方式。 这有助于解释为什么全世界有数以千计的选择,可以让想要一件质量不
错的男士衬衫的人选择。 在那个世界里,任何试图做得太大的衬衫制造商都会迅速面临收益递
减。 它将不得不支付越来越多的租金,试图变得太大,迅速面临收益递减。 它将不得不支付越来
越多的费用来租赁分散的商店的房地产,并将不得不出价超过竞争对手来雇用所有有经验的衬
衫制造者。 扩张不会带来任何有意义的成本节约,而会带来更多试图管理这一切的头疼的问题。
) 但在现代经济中,越来越多的企业非但没有反映出那些规模收益递减的情况,反而显示出
J
规模收益为正:最大的公司比较小的公司有巨大的优势。 这往往会使市场向少数参与者甚至是
垄断者倾斜,而不是向有无数竞争者的公平竞争领域倾斜。
) 这方面最极端的例子是软件业,一家公司对一款软件的投资是无底线的,但然后再把它
K
卖给每一个额外的客户,实际上是白送。 服装业还没有那么极端———制作一件衬衫的价格仍然
与面料和缝制工人的成本有关———但它正在朝着这个方向发展。 这有助于解释为什么沃尔玛和
亚马逊如此热衷于给我穿上一件衬衫。
) 零售商已经需要弄清楚如何管理连接东南亚和美国大城市商店的复杂供应链,以便他们
L
很少出现产品短缺。 他们需要提供无缝用户体验的移动应用程序和网站,以便潜在的购买者和
订单之间没有任何障碍。 擅长供应链管理和技术的大公司可以将这些或多或少的固定成本分摊
到更多的总销售额上,使他们能够保持比小众企业更低的价格,巩固他们的优势。
) 这些积极的规模回报可能变得更加明显。 也许在未来,与其在印度尼西亚和马来西亚生
M
产一堆衬衫,然后运到美国,再一个一个地卖给城市里的上班族,不如让机器人在附近按照我的
要求生产衬衫。
) 如果这就是服装的未来,而且有不少公司正致力于此,那么服装将成为一个高固定成本
N
和巨大规模回报的景观。 拥有最好的衬衫制造机器人的少数公司将赢得市场,而任何无力研发
衬衫制造机器人或非常不擅长此项技术的公司可能发现自己被冷落。
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. F)
【精析】 段提到 亚马逊备受大城市的富裕消费者喜爱 而沃尔玛更受农村地区和郊
F) , ,
区的中低收入消费者钟爱 题干中的 和 分别对应 段中的
。 in big cities in rural areas F) in
和 故选
major cities in suburban and rural areas, F)。
[答案]
37. C)
【精析】 段指出 作者过去经常在香港裁缝处制衣 每件花费约 美元 而
C) , , 120 , Bonobos
公司的衬衣每件仅需 美元 即后者比前者的价格低 题干中的
73 , , in a relatively lower
是 段中两者价格的对比结果 故选
price C) , C)。
[答案]
38. G)
【精析】 段指出 公司的线上销售和线下销售结合得很好 因此 沃尔玛收购
G) ,Bonobos , ,
它的原因就是要在与亚马逊的竞争中处于有利地位 题干中的 和 对应
。 bought overtake
段中的 及 故选
G) acquisition gain on, G)。
[答案]
39. J)
92
· ·【精析】 段指出 现代经济中 规模化显示积极收益 即大公司比小公司更有优势
J) , , , 。
市场倾向性集中 甚至于垄断 题干是对 段的概括总结 故选
, 。 J) , J)。
[答案]
40. M)
【精析】 段指出 公司的规模效益显著 当前 在印度尼西亚和马来西亚生产的服装
M) , 。 ,
被运到美国后卖给城市里的上班族 题干中的 是对 和
。 developing countries Indonesia
的概括 对应 段中的 故选
Malaysia ;white collars M) urban office workers, M)。
[答案]
41. L)
【精析】 段指出 零售商需要通过移动手机终端和网站提供用户体验 实现买家与订
L) , ,
单的无缝连接 题干中的 是对 段中
。 available high technologies L) mobile apps and
的概括总结 对应 段中的 故选
websites ;potential buyers L) a would-be purchaser, L)。
[答案]
42. I)
【精析】 段指出 服装业长期以来竞争激烈 而且无数的参与者都能从中发现商机
I) , , 。
题干中的 对应 段中的 是
the intense competition I) highly competitive;discover opportunities
对 段 的同义转述 故选
I) find a niche , I)。
[答案]
43. N)
【精析】 段指出 服装业固定成本高 规模效益显著 在未来 拥有制衣机器人的公
N) , , 。 ,
司将有优势赢得市场 反之 无足够资金研发制衣机器人或不擅长这方面的公司则极有
, ,
可能被淘汰 题干中的 和 分别对应 段中
。 Robots making clothing face difficulties N) shirt-
和 故选
making robots find itself left in the cold, N)。
[答案]
44. K)
【精析】 段将服装业与软件业的趋势做类比 同时指出 制衣的价格与面料及制衣工
K) , ,
人的成本相关 题干中的 对应 段中的
。 the cost of fabric and the labor force K) the cost of
故选
fabric and the workers to do the stitching, K)。
[答案]
45. A)
【精析】 段指出 亚马逊公司收购高端的食品连锁店 全食超市 对沃尔玛造成冲
A) , ——— ,
击 二者越来越趋同 沃尔玛大力投资技术 亚马逊不仅开了实体书店 而且又在收购实
。 , , ,
体超市 题干是对亚马逊决策行为的概括总结 故选
。 , A)。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
互联网是社会的一面镜子,映射出我们的优势和劣势。 健康的社会和健康的互联网有着同
样重要的影响力;人们采取行动、创造事物、解决问题、最终构建属于我们自己的环境。 我们需要
用科技和社会责任感创造一个空间,在那里健康的民主开枝散叶。
作为公民,我们有权利也有义务参与民主,使其得以运作。 如今我们看到科技———尤其是互
联网———提供了大量参与民主的新途径。 互联网让公民迅速了解世界大事、讨论其影响、组织竞
选、发表自己的观点,并促使改变。 通过互联网,民主选举出的领导人能够更容易地听到不同的
声音。 通过使政治活动更加透明,互联网帮助公民促使政治家更负责。 它使民主政治言论产生
了翻天覆地的变化,提供了一个与众不同的全球即兴演讲台。
93
· ·我们也看到互联网加剧了社会的两极分化和刻薄抨击、仇恨言论及错误信息的泛滥。 这种
加剧是通过互联网和集中的社交媒体平台实现的,这两者相结合创造出大量的共鸣。 然而,核心
问题在于我们社会自身的本质。 因此,如今互联网反映出的丰富、分歧以及希望改善自己生活的
领域并不如我们所料想般广泛。
“假新闻”能在网上轻易传播,这为那些利用人们对现有社会的不满散布错误信息并从中谋
利的人提供了机会。 在最近的美国选举周期中,我们也看到了这种情况的发生,仅仅为了谋利,
被过分捏造的故事在社交媒体上大肆流传———披萨门事件。 教皇公开支持一名总统候选人。 佛
罗里达强行实施伊斯兰教法。 尽管这些故事明显是捏造的,但每一个都被发布在网上,供数百万
人消费、分享和浏览。 然而,我们需要问一下:这些文章与为了带来流量而炒作真相的常规行“标
题党”又有何区别呢?
当惯犯们为了谋取私利而滥用互联网并发布假新闻来掩盖事实时,代价是很大的。 网上传
播的错误信息足以影响人们对现实世界事件的理解。 数百万的互联网用户无法快速判断这些说
法的真假。 这一切造成人们对作为良好信息和可靠社区来源的核心机构丧失了信心。 但这种丧
失还在进一步加剧。 民主依赖于真实信息的自由流动和人际沟通,但当人们认为无法相信任何
人时,民主就被削弱了。
仅靠技术本身不会解决这个问题,但结合了人类意愿、金融投资和发展政策的技术就能带来
巨大的积极变化。
如今的世界处于分裂之中,显然极需要技术与社会影响的结合,这样善意的群体才可以发
展,对互联网和信息的信任才会回升,民主也会蓬勃发展。 我们自己需要迎接该挑战。 否则,我
们将会浪费一个难得又宝贵的机遇。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第二段第二至
new approaches take part in democracy
六句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查互联网所提供的参与民主的新途径的信息 第二段第
。 。
二句提到 如今我们看到科技 尤其是互联网 提供了大量参与民主的新途径 接
, ——— ——— 。
下来的四句分别从四个方面进行论述 该段末句指出 它使民主政治言论发生了翻天覆
: ,
地的变化 提供了一个与众不同的全球即兴演讲台 第三至五句都在介绍互联网提供的
, ,
参与民主的新途径 由此推测 末句中的 指代互联网 故答案为
。 , It , D)。
[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第三段第一句
“vitriol” in Paragraph 3 。
【精析】 语义理解题 本题考查 的词义 定位句提到 我们也看到互联网加剧了
。 vitriol 。 ,
社会的两极分化和 仇恨言论及错误信息的泛滥 结合句意可知 该句在讲述互
vitriol、 。 ,
联网的负面影响 而 与 和 并列 由此推测 的词
。 vitriol hate speech misinformation , ,vitriol
义应该是 仇恨言论 和 错误信息 类似的贬义词 因此 与该词的意义相近 意为
“ ” “ ” 。 ,A) ,
刻薄评论 故答案为
“ ”, A)。
[答案]
48. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第四段前五句
Pizzagate, the Pope Florida 。
94
· ·【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查作者以三个例子为证说明的观点 作者在该段中举了三
。 。
个例子 通常来讲 例子支撑其所在位置前后的观点 作者在该段第一句提到 假新闻 能
, , 。 ,“ ”
在网上轻易传播 这为那些利用人们对现有社会的不满散布错误信息并从中谋利的人提供
,
了机会 紧接着第二句指出该问题也出现在最近的美国选举周期中 随后以披萨门事件
。 。 、
教皇公开支持一名总统候选人 佛罗里达强行实施伊斯兰教法为例 阐述了美国选举周期
、 ,
中 仅仅为了谋利而被过分捏造的故事在社交媒体上大肆传播 故答案为
, , C)。
[答案]
49. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定
spread misinformation online, cover up the truth negative effects
位到原文第五段
。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查人们为了私利而在网上传播错误信息来掩盖事实所带
。
来的负面影响 定位段第一句提到 当惯犯们为了谋取私利而滥用互联网并发布假新闻
。 ,
来掩盖事实时 代价是很大的 接下来的五句分别从四个方面介绍了其风险 该段第三
, 。 。
句提到 数百万的互联网用户无法快速判断这些说法的真假 由此可推知 这给互联网用
, , ,
户判断网上信息的真假带来了负面影响 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
50. D)
【定位】 根据题干定位到原文第二段和第三段
。
【精析】 观点态度题 本题考查作者对互联网影响力的评价 第二段介绍了互联网的
。 。
优点 提供了大量参与民主的新途径 然后作者又在第三段介绍了互联网的缺点 加剧
: 。 :
了我们社会的两极分化和刻薄抨击 仇恨言论及错误信息的泛滥 由此可以判断作者对
、 。
互联网影响力持客观态度 既有褒奖也有批评 故答案为
, , D)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
众所周知,吸烟,尤其是吸太多烟,对健康是有害的。 但是一项新的研究显示,即使吸烟量很
小也存在风险。 每天只抽一支香烟也会增加患心血管疾病的可能性。 伦敦大学学院的研究人员
发现,每天抽一支香烟会增加患冠心病或中风的风险。 在周三发表于《英国医学杂志》的论文中,
作者们总结道:“对于心血管疾病来说,安全的吸烟量是不存在的。”
研究小组分析了在 年至 年间进行的之前已发表的 项研究,其中包括数百万名
1946 2015 141
男性和女性的数据。 他们专门关注了那些每天吸一支、五支或二十支烟的人的心血管效应,并将
其与那些从不吸烟的人相比。 在调整一些诸如年龄和血压等混淆因素的时候,他们发现每天吸
一支烟的男性患心脏病的风险比不吸烟者高 ,患中风的风险高 。 在女性中,与不吸烟者
74% 30%
相比,每天吸一支烟的吸烟者患心脏病的风险增加了 ,患中风的风险增加了 。
119% 46%
艾伦·海克肖是伦敦大学学院的研究合著者,同时也是该学院的一名流行病学教授。 他告
诉《新闻周刊》:“许多吸烟者有一种误解,他们认为减少吸烟量就是减少了伤害。 对于肺癌来说
这似乎是正确的,但人们并不知道即使一点点烟草烟雾对心血管系统也有很大的影响。”
尽管少量吸烟会对健康产生负面影响,但减少吸烟仍然有用。 海克肖说:“我认为现在很多
从事烟草行业和健康行业的人都忘记了戒烟的难度。 断然戒掉坏习惯是很难的。”海克肖建议寻
找一个适当的戒烟方法以帮助减少吸烟。 但他也强调,最终的目标应该是戒烟。
根据疾病控制和预防中心的数据,每 例心血管疾病死亡事件中就有 例是由吸烟引起的。
3 1
了解少量吸烟在这一风险中所起到的作用有助于降低心血管疾病的发病率。
95
· ·海克肖和他的同事们希望他们的研究结果将被用来“加强公共卫生运动(包括那些戒烟服务
运动),并为吸烟者(特别是女性)戒烟提供强有力的健康激励,而不只是让他们减少吸烟,”他们
在论文中写道。
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到首段第
minimal amount of smoking the first paragraph
二句
。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位句明确指出 即使吸烟量很小也存在风险 接下来的一句
。 , 。
又指出 每天只抽一支香烟也会增加患心血管疾病的可能性 这与选项 所述一致 故
, 。 C) ,
答案为
C)。
[答案]
52. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到文章第二段第一句
141 previously published studies 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句指出 研究小组分析了 项研究的数据 之后的内容
。 , 141 。
就是对具体数据的介绍和分析 与不吸烟者相比 女性吸烟者患心脏病和中风的风险增
: ,
加的百分比数据都要大于男性吸烟者 由此可推知 女性吸烟者患这两种病的风险高于
。 ,
男性吸烟者 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
53. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段第一句
misconception Allan Hackshaw 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位句引用艾伦 海克肖的话 指出许多吸烟者都有一种误解
。 · , :
减少吸烟量就是减少了伤害 这与选项 所述一致 故答案为
。 B) , B)。
[答案]
54. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 直接定位到第四段第三句
“Going cold turkey is hard” 。
【精析】 语义理解题 在文中找到原句后 应结合上下文语义理解句子的意思 上文
。 , 。
表明 现在很多从事烟草行业和健康行业的人都忘记了戒烟的难度 下文则是围绕 建
, 。 “
议先减少吸烟 最终戒烟 展开的 选项 突然戒掉坏习惯是很困难的 符合上下文
, ” 。 D)“ ”
语义 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
55. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到文章最后一段
hope their findings be used to 。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位段可知 研究者希望研究结果将被用来 加强公共卫生运
。 , “
动 并为吸烟者戒烟提供强有力的健康激励 而不只是让他们减少吸烟 这说明研究
, , ”。
者的最终目的是让人们戒烟 并非提醒吸烟者吸烟的危害或是告诫人们减少吸烟 也未
, ,
提到政策制定者 故答案为
, A)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
Millions of people in China are sharing their life with the world by online live streaming which is
not a new concept. In China, a variety of online live streaming applications have emerged one after
another. They are also used for commercial purposes, with individuals and companies using them to sell
a wide range of products. Stars also use live streaming to directly interact with their fans. Online live
streaming plays an important role in people’s life, which not only enables people’s life to become more
and more diverse, but also makes the communication among people more convenient and interesting.
96
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(三)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
B A A C A D B C A D D B D A C
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
A C B D A C D D C B D M G K C
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
A J N E I I B K E J F I G L H
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
D A C B C A B C B D
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
My View on Visiting the School Campus
Recently, whether the school campus should be open to the public at any time or in a limited
period of time has sparked furious discussions. Those in favor of the former argue that as public
institutions, schools should give access to visitors so that they can not only share educational resources
but also enjoy scenic beauty and amazing culture atmosphere. In my viewpoint, the school campus
should accommodate visitors only during weekends, legal holidays and summer or winter breaks.
To begin with, as a place for education, academic research and talent training instead of scenic
spots, schools should give high priority to education and safety concerns. Abiding by this principle,
universities can run well. But this doesn’t mean schools must deny all visitors at any time. Those who
have an overwhelming desire to visit universities may be warmly welcomed during school holidays.
In conclusion, universities can receive the public in a limited period of time, thereby satisfying
both students and visitors.
【参考译文】
我对校园参观的看法
最近,关于校园应该是在任何时候还是在有限的时间内向公众开放这一话题引发了激烈的
讨论。 支持前者的人认为,作为公共机构,学校应该向游客开放,这样他们不仅可以共享教育资
源,还可以享受美丽风光和令人惊叹的文化氛围。 在我看来,校园应该只在周末、法定节假日以
及暑假或寒假期间容纳游客。
97
· ·首先,作为一个教育、学术研究和人才培养的地方,而不是风景区,学校应该高度重视教育和
安全问题。 遵守这一原则,才能办好大学。 但这并不意味着学校必须在任何时候拒绝所有游客。
那些有强烈愿望参观大学的人在学校假期可受到热烈欢迎。
总之,大学可以在有限的时间内接待公众,从而满足学生和游客的需求。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
Conversation One
W: Mr. Kim. Lots of people are suffering from being unable to sleep, including me.
M: Well, you must be feeling bad, twisting around, and trying to find a comfortable position. But
you’re probably only making matters worse.
W: Really? I thought changing positions would help.
M: That’s not right. What happens is that your heart rate actually increases, making it more
difficult to relax. You may also have some bad habits that contribute to the problem.
W: Really? Like what?
M: Do you rest frequently during the day? Do you get virtually no exercise, or do you exercise too
much in the day? Do you sleep a lot or sleep late on weekends?
W: You’re talking about me! I’m leading a life like that. I guess lots of people do like this.
M: Haha! Any of these facts may be leading to your insomnia by disrupting your body’s natural
rhythm.
W: What should we do then on those sleepless nights? Should we take some sleeping pills?
M: Don’t bother with sleeping pills; they can actually cause worse insomnia later.
W: I thought sleeping pills would help. What’re your suggestions for our audience?
M: The best thing to do is to drink milk or eat cheese or tuna fish. They are all rich in amino acid
that helps produce a substance in the brain that induces sleep. This substance will help you
relax. And you’ll be on the way to get a good night’s sleep.
W: I’m so excited to hear all this. I guess many of us will change our way of life since they have
listened to our talk.
M: Your sleeping will become better and better if you insist.
W: I’m sure I will! Thank you much for your advice and thanks for joining us this evening!
M: It’s my pleasure.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. According to the man, what happens when you turn and twist to get comfortable?
[答案]
B)
2. According to the man, what sometimes causes people to have trouble sleeping?
[答案]
A)
3. What does the man say about sleeping pills?
[答案]
A)
4. Where is the talk most probably happen?
[答案]
C)
98
· ·【参考译文】
女:金先生。 很多人都因为睡不着而痛苦,包括我。
男:嗯,你一定感觉不好,扭来扭去,试图找到一个舒服的位置。 但你可能只会让事情变得
更糟。
女:真的吗? 我认为改变位置会有帮助。
男:这是不对的。 结果是你的心率实际上增加了,这使你更难放松。 你也可能有一些坏习惯
导致了这个问题。
女:真的吗? 比如什么?
男:你白天经常休息吗? 你白天是几乎没有运动,还是运动太多? 你周末睡得多还是睡
得晚?
女:你在说我! 我过着这样的生活。 我想很多人都喜欢这样。
男:哈哈! 这些事实中的任何一个都可能通过扰乱身体的自然节奏而导致失眠。
女:在那些不眠之夜,我们该怎么办? 我们应该吃些安眠药吗?
男:别费事吃安眠药了;它们之后实际上会导致更严重的失眠。
女:我以为安眠药会有帮助。 你对我们的听众有什么建议?
男:最好的做法是喝牛奶、吃奶酪或金枪鱼。 它们都富含氨基酸,它有助于在大脑中产生一
种促进睡眠的物质。 这种物质会帮助你放松。 然后你就可以睡个好觉了。
女:听到这一切我很兴奋。 我想我们中的许多人会改变自己的生活方式,自从他们听了我们
的谈话。
男:如果你坚持,你的睡眠会越来越好。
女:我肯定我会的! 非常感谢您的建议,并感谢您今晚的光临!
男:不客气。
Conversation Two
W: What do you think about the movie?
Harry Potter V
M: WellI think is an excellent piece of work. But it is not as good as the previous
ones.
W: Really? I don’t agree. I think it is incredible!
M: Why do you think so?
W: Well, one of the most spectacular things about it is the special effects.
M: You’re right. The special effects create so many fantastic settings and mysterious costumes,
weapons and creatures. They are vital to the success of this movie.
W: It’s kind of cool that they still use the theme song for this movie.
M: Yeah! It reminds me of the previous scenes.
W: I know exactly what you mean! Hearing that song makes me feel homesick.
M: I think the overall plot of the movie is very interesting. But I don’t think the character
development is that strong. They just don’t have a lot of funny or meaningful dialogues. The
writing is a little boring and this may be the only one weakness of this movie.
W: Well, maybe. But I like the little kid who plays young “Anakin Skywalker”. I can’t imagine
anyone else playing that role.
M: I like him, too. He’s so cute! You know, even though I am slightly disappointed, I can’t
99
· ·wait for the next episode. I wonder when they’re going to start making it and when it’s
scheduled for release.
W: I have no idea. But I hope it’ll be even better than this one.
M: I hope so, too.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What are the two speakers talking about?
[答案]
A)
Harry Potter V
6. What does the man think of ?
[答案]
D)
7. What does the man think are vital to the success of this movie?
[答案]
B)
8. According to the man, what is the weakness of this movie?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
女:你觉得这部电影怎么样?
男:嗯……我认为《哈利·波特 》是一部优秀的作品。 但它不如前几部。
5
女:真的吗? 我不同意。 我觉得它太好了!
男:你为什么这么认为?
女:嗯,它最壮观的地方之一就是特效。
男:你说得对。 特效创造了许多奇妙的场景和神秘的服装、武器和生物。 它们对这部电影的
成功至关重要。
女:他们仍然使用这部电影的主题曲,这有点儿酷。
男:是啊! 这让我想起了以前的场景。
女:我完全明白你的意思! 听到那首歌让我想家。
男:我认为这部电影的整体情节非常有趣。 但我不认为人物塑造有那么强。 他们没有太多
有趣或有意义的对话。 写作有点儿无聊,这可能是这部电影唯一的弱点。
女:嗯,也许吧。 但我喜欢扮演年轻的“阿纳金·天行者”的小孩。 我无法想象其他人扮演这
个角色。
男:我也喜欢他。 他太可爱了! 你知道,尽管我有点儿失望,但我等不及下一部了。 我想知
道他们什么时候开始制作,计划什么时候发布。
女:我不知道。 但我希望它会比这部更好。
男:我也希望如此。
Section B
Passage One
The new year always brings with it a cultural tradition of new possibilities. We see it as a chance
for renewal. We begin to dream of new possible selves. We design our ideal self or an image that is
quite different from what we are now. For some of us, we roll that dreamy film in our heads just because
it’s the beginning of a new year. But we aren’t serious about making changes. We just make some
half-hearted resolutions and they evaporate after a week or two. The experience makes us feel less
successful and leads us to discount our ability to change in the future. It’s not that change is impossible
100
· ·but that it won’t last unless our resolutions are supported with plans for implementation. We have to
make our intentions manageable by detailing the specific steps that will carry us to our goal. Say your
goal is to lose weight by dieting and cutting off sweets. But one night you just have to have a
cookie. And you know there’s a bag of your favorites in the cupboard. You want one, you eat two, you
check the bag and find out you’ve just shot 132 calories. You say to yourself, “What the hell!” and
polish off the whole bag. Then you begin to draw all kinds of unpleasant conclusions about yourself. To
protect your sense of self, you begin to discount the goal. You may think—“Well, dieting wasn’t that
important to me and I won’t make it anyhow.” So you abandon the goal and return to your bad
habits.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What do people usually wish to do at the beginning of a new year?
[答案]
A)
10. How can people turn their new year’s resolutions into reality?
[答案]
D)
11. Why does the speaker mention the example of sweets and cookies?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
新的一年总是带来一种具有新可能性的文化传统。 我们认为这是一个更新的机会。 我们开
始梦想新的可能的自我。 我们设计的理想自我或形象与我们现在截然不同。 对我们中的一些人
来说,我们在脑海中放映那部梦幻般的电影,只是因为这是新的一年的开始。 但我们并不真的想
做出改变。 我们只是做了一些三心二意的决定,它们一两周后就烟消云散了。 这种经历让我们
感觉不那么成功,并导致我们低估了未来改变的能力。 这并不是说改变是不可能的,而是除非我
们的决定得到执行计划的支持,否则改变不会持续下去。 我们必须通过详细列举将使我们实现
目标的具体步骤,使我们的意图易于管理。 假设你的目标是通过节食和停止吃甜食来减肥。 但
有一天晚上你只需要吃一块饼干。 你知道橱柜里有一袋你最喜欢的。 你想要一块,你吃两块,你
检查袋子,发现你刚刚摄入了 卡路里。 你对自己说:“见鬼!”然后吃完了整袋的饼干。 然后
132
你开始对自己得出各种不愉快的结论。 为了保护你的自我意识,你开始低估这个目标。 你可能
会想———“嗯,节食对我来说没那么重要,我无论如何都做不到。”所以你放弃了这个目标,重拾了
你的坏习惯。
Passage Two
Americans suffer from an overdose of work. Regardless of who they are or what they do, Americans
spend more time at work than at any time since World War Ⅱ. In 1950, the US had fewer working
hours than any other industrialized country. Today, it exceeds every country but Japan where industrial
employees load 2,155 hours a year compared with 1,951 in the US and 1,603 in the former West
Germany. Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans added an average of 138 hours to their yearly
work schedules. The workweek has remained at above 40 hours. But people are working more weeks
each year. Specifically pay-time-off holidays, vacations, sick leave shrank by 50% in the 1980s. As
激烈的
corporations have experienced stiff( ) competition and slower growth of productivity, they have
pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting lay-offs in the 1980s reduced the professional and
managerial ranks, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower paid occupations where wages have
101
· ·been reduced, workers have added hours in overtime or extra jobs to preserve their living
standards. The government estimates that more than 7 million people hold a second job. For the first
time, large numbers of people say they want to cut back on working hours even if it means earning less
money. But most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The government which has stepped back
from its traditional role as a regulator of work time should take steps to make shorter hours possible.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. In which country do industrial employees work the longest hours?
[答案]
B)
13. How do employed Americans manage to work more hours?
[答案]
D)
14. Why do corporations press their employees to work longer hours according to the speaker?
[答案]
A)
15. What does the speaker say many Americans prefer to do?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
美国人工作过量。 无论他们是谁或做什么,美国人花在工作上的时间比二战以来的任何时
候都多。 年,美国的工作时间比任何其他工业化国家都少。 如今,它超过了除日本以外的所
1950
有国家,日本的工业雇员每年工作 , 个小时,而美国为 , 个小时,前西德为 , 个小
2 155 1 951 1 603
时。 至 年间,受雇的美国人每年的工作时间平均增加 个小时。 每周工作时间保持
1969 1989 138
在 个小时以上。 但是人们一年比一年多工作几周。 在 世纪 年代,特别是带薪休假、休假
40 20 80
和病假减少了 。 由于公司经历了激烈的竞争和生产力增长放缓,迫使员工工作更长时间。
50%
世纪 年代削减成本的裁员减少了专业和管理人员的队伍,使完成工作的人更少。 在工资降
20 80
低的低收入职业中,工人们增加了加班时间或额外工作,以保持他们的生活水平。 政府估计有
多万人从事第二份工作。 第一次,大量的人说他们想减少工作时间,即使这意味着赚更少的
700
钱。 但大多数雇主不愿意让他们这样做。 已经放弃了其作为工作时间监管机构的传统角色的政
府,应该采取措施缩短工作时间。
Section C
Recording One
The first year of college is one of the best and the most interesting periods of life. You should be
strong enough to step into the next stage of your life without doubts and hesitations. On the one hand, it
can be stressing to leave your town and start communicating with the people you don’t know, but when
you get used to the atmosphere, you’ll really appreciate and love the time spent in college.
You should find time to reflect on yourself and realize what really interests you. Take the
responsibility for yourself and choose the list of majors you want to study. Sure, you have the right to
change the majors during the course of your college career, but it’s desirable to make a right decision
faster. If you’re not sure what subjects to choose, then try to visit a couple of classes in order to
understand what is better for you.
As far as I know, every respected college has a range of student programs, competitions, and part-
time campus jobs. Plus, you can get acquainted with people who will help you start a successful
career. When I was a freshman I had a chance to take a 4-week course in Europe. Also, many of my
102
· ·friends worked as volunteers at local hospitals.
One of the hardest things to do is to organize a student’s life. I want you to know that the most
important thing to do is to find the balance in various activities of your life. It’s very difficult to deal
with different subjects and students’ organizations at the same time. First of all, you need to learn how
to manage your time, because it is a key component to academic success. Then you’ll be able to
organize your study, social and private life.
Nowadays all college campuses offer you a big variety of student organizations. Different social and
sport organizations can help you express yourself and discover your interests. As a student, the first
course you need is to make friends and get involved in different student communities. Your membership
will improve your reputation in college and fill your busy student’ s life with new emotions and
adventures.
Your study at college can be tough, but this period of life is the most colorful. During your study,
you develop your personality and meet new friends. Moreover, you can have fun, fall in love and enjoy
the greatest four years of your life.
I hope this speech will rid you of all fears which keep you anxious about your first year. You need
to remember that you are the only one who’s responsible for your study. That’s why you should learn
how to manage your time and balance both college and private life.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. What does the speaker suggest we do with our majors?
[答案]
A)
17. What is the key component to academic success?
[答案]
C)
18. What can help college students discover their interests?
[答案]
B)
19. What does the speaker say about college life?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
大学一年级是人生中最美好、最有趣的时期之一。 你应该足够坚强,在没有怀疑和犹豫的情
况下步入人生的下一个阶段。 一方面,离开你的城镇,开始与你不认识的人交流可能会很有压
力,但当你习惯了这种氛围时,你会非常感激和喜欢在大学里度过的时光。
你应该抽出时间反思自己,意识到自己真正感兴趣的是什么。 为自己负责,选择你想学习的
专业清单。 当然,在你的大学生涯中,你有权改变专业,但更快地做出正确的决定是可取的。 如
果你不确定该选什么科目,那么试着去看几个班,了解什么更适合你。
据我所知,每一所受人尊敬的大学都有一系列的学生项目、比赛和兼职校园工作。 此外,你
还可以结识那些帮助你开启成功职业生涯的人。 当我还是大一新生的时候,我有机会在欧洲参
加一个为期 周的课程。 此外,我的许多朋友在当地医院做志愿者。
4
最难做的事情之一是组织学生的生活。 我想让你知道,最重要的事情是在你生活的各种活
动中找到平衡。 同时处理不同的科目和学生组织是非常困难的。 首先,你需要学会如何管理自
己的时间,因为这是学业成功的关键组成部分。 然后你就可以组织自己的学习、社交和私人生
活了。
103
· ·如今,所有的大学校园都为你提供各种各样的学生组织。 不同的社会和体育组织可以帮助
你表达自己,发现自己的兴趣。 作为一名学生,你需要的第一门课程是结交朋友并融入不同的学
生群体。 你的会员资格将提高你在大学里的声誉,并让你繁忙的学生生活充满新的情感和冒险。
你在大学的学习可能很艰难,但这段人生是最丰富多彩的。 在学习期间,你会发展自己的个
性,结识新朋友。 此外,你可以开心地玩,坠入爱河,享受人生中最美好的四年。
我希望这次演讲能让你摆脱所有让你对第一年感到焦虑的恐惧。 你需要记住,你是唯一对
自己的学习负责的人。 这就是为什么你应该学会如何管理自己的时间,平衡大学和私人生活。
Recording Two
Students in American schools learn from an early age to give presentations as part of their regular
classroom activities. Children as young as five years old often give brief talks about objects they bring to
school—called “show and tell”. This training is a basis for later public speaking.
Even so, many native English-speaking adults are afraid to speak or give presentations in front of a
large group. Speaking English in public meetings is necessary for many students and employees. The
best way to improve is to practise public speaking in a friendly environment. Learners need to receive
feedback about what they are doing well and about their mistakes. One group that gives members the
chance to practise is Toastmasters, which is an international organization that holds weekly meetings. At
the meetings, members each give a speech and give others advice about their speeches and speaking
style.
Charles LeBeau is a public-speaking professor and consultant. He began his career in Japan in
1982. Currently, he teaches at two universities and at the Toshiba International Training Centre. He
Speaking
has also written books on the subject. English language learners around the world use his book
of Speech
, which tells about a method of teaching public speaking for non-native speakers. Mr. LeBeau
says a simple approach helps English learners, which is to simplify and break it down. First, there are
basically three messages that the presenter is giving the audience, all simultaneously. The first is
physical message. Physical message is basically body language. It’s the way that our body, as a
speaker, is talking to the audience. And then there’s also the visual message. The visual message is
the slides that we now make and show the audience. The third message is the story message. The story
message is the content of our presentation. So another way we can think of the story message is that it’s
the verbal message; it’s what we say to the audience. The story message also includes how we organize
our ideas to present to the audience.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
20. What’s the best way to improve English speaking?
[答案]
A)
21. What’s Mr. LeBeau’s approach to teaching public speaking for non-native speakers?
[答案]
C)
22. What’s the story message?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
美国学校的学生从小就学习演讲,这是他们日常课堂活动的一部分。 五岁以下的孩子经常对他
们带到学校的物品进行简短的演讲———称为“展示和讲述”。 这种训练是以后公共演讲的基础。
104
· ·即便如此,许多以英语为母语的成年人还是害怕在一大群人面前发言或做演讲。 对许多学
生和员工来说,在公开会议上说英语是必要的。 最好的改进方法是在友好的环境中练习公共演
讲。 学习者需要获得关于他们做得好和错误的反馈。 一个让成员有机会练习的团体是
,这是一个每周举行会议的国际组织。 在会议上,成员们每人发表演讲,并就演讲和
Toastmasters
演讲风格向其他人提出建议。
查尔斯·勒博是一位公共演讲教授和顾问。 年,他在日本开始了自己的职业生涯。 目
1982
前,他在两所大学和东芝国际培训中心任教。 他还写过关于这个主题的书。 世界各地的英语学
习者都在使用他的《说到演讲》一书,该书介绍了一种针对非母语人士的公共演讲教学方法。 勒
博先生说,一种简单的方法对英语学习者有帮助,那就是简化并分解它。 首先,演讲者基本上同
时向听众传达三条信息。 第一条是身体信息。 身体信息基本上就是肢体语言。 这是我们的身
体,作为一个演讲者,与听众交谈的方式。 还有视觉信息。 视觉信息是我们现在制作并向听众展
示的幻灯片。 第三条信息是故事信息。 故事信息是我们演讲的内容。 因此,我们可以用另一种
方式来看待故事信息,那就是它是口头信息;这就是我们对听众说的话。 故事信息还包括我们如
何组织自己的想法以呈现给听众。
Recording Three
Insects and diseases that attack food crops are moving as risen temperatures bring changes to the
environment. Plant diseases alone destroy an estimated 10 to 16 percent of the world’s crops in the
field, experts say, and plant diseases destroy another 6 to 12 percent after harvest.
A new study examines the movement of crop pests and diseases, and how it will affect agricultural
production worldwide.
Dan Bebber is a senior research fellow at the University of Exeter in Britain. He says research has
shown that wild plants and animals are moving toward Earth’s North and South poles as the planet
warms.
Mr. Bebber wanted to know if the same thing was happening with organisms that attack agricultural
crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new insects and diseases around the world. The records
came from CABI—the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began
collecting information from developing and industrialized countries years ago.
Dan Bebber and his research team studied 612 different organisms—from viruses and bacteria to
insects like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and diseases have been
moving toward the poles at an average rate of about 3 kilometers each year. Mr. Bebber says this puts
the most productive farmland in the world in danger.
As new species of pests and diseases evolve and potentially the environment for them becomes more
amenable at higher latitudes, the pressure on the breadbasket of the world is going to increase.
Farmers face other threats. Invasive species passed through trade are also causing problems. Gene
Kritsky is an entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Ohio. He specializes in the study of
insects. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species. It means that species
in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can do well in the breadbasket of
America.
105
· ·Another entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of these changes will
depend very much on the crop, the insect and the disease. But he says the research is a warning sign
that people should care about climate change and do something about it.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. How bad are plant diseases to the crops?
[答案]
D)
24. What did Dan Bebber and his research team study?
[答案]
C)
25. What does Gene Kritsky say about climate change?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
随着气温上升给环境带来变化,攻击粮食作物的昆虫和疾病正在移动和传播。 专家表示,仅
植物病害一项就摧毁了世界上约 至 的田间作物,而植物病害在(作物)收获后又摧毁了
10% 16%
至 的作物。
6% 12%
一项新的研究考察了作物病虫害的传播,以及它将如何影响全球农业生产。
丹·贝伯是英国埃克塞特大学的高级研究员。 他说,研究表明,随着地球变暖,野生动植物
正在向地球的北极和南极移动。
贝伯先生想知道攻击农作物的生物是否也发生了同样的事情。 他研究了世界各地首次发现
新昆虫和新疾病的报告。 这些记录来自国际农业和生物科学中心。 他说,该组织几年前就开始
从发展中国家和工业化国家收集信息。
丹·贝伯和他的研究团队研究了 种不同的生物,从病毒和细菌到甲虫和蝴蝶等昆虫。
612
他们发现,自 年以来,作物病虫害以平均每年约 千米的速度向两极移动。 贝伯先生说,这
1960 3
使世界上产量最高的农田处于危险之中。
随着新的病虫害物种的进化,以及它们在较高纬度地区的环境可能变得更加适宜,世界粮仓
面临的压力将增加。
农民还面临其他威胁。 通过贸易传播的入侵物种也造成了问题。 吉恩·克里茨基是俄亥俄
州圣约瑟夫山学院的昆虫学家。 他专门研究昆虫。 他说,气候变化可能会改善一些入侵物种的
生存条件。 这意味着,世界其他地区可能在较温暖的温度下表现良好的物种现在可以在美国的
粮仓中表现良好。
普渡大学的另一位昆虫学家克里斯蒂安·克鲁普克表示,这些变化的影响在很大程度上取
决于作物、昆虫和疾病。 但他表示,这项研究是一个警告信号,警告人们应该关心气候变化并为
此采取行动。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
正如最近的密生西葫芦危机与生菜、茄子和花椰菜的短缺已经表明的那样,西班牙作为“欧
洲菜园”的名声是实至名归的。 该国庞大的农业部门———密生西葫芦、生菜、西红柿和草莓满足
了巨大的需求。
106
· ·自 世纪 年代以来,机械化发生了重大转变,但与英国一样,许多作物仍需要手工收割,
20 50
许多农民依赖移民劳动力。 即使在可以使用机械化的地方,采摘机对小规模农民来说往往过于
昂贵和不切实际。
当地人和主要来自北非和撒哈拉以南非洲以及东欧的移民工人之间的紧张关系并不是什么
大问题,因为许多外国工人都有正当的合同,年复一年地回到同一个农场。 他们是熟悉的,这很
重要。
是西南部韦尔瓦省的一家公司,向欧盟各地出口草莓、覆盆子和其他水果,仍手工采
Alfrut
摘。 的技术和质量控制专家奥古斯丁·穆里尔说:“有一台收集草莓的机器,但你必须让作
Alfrut
物适应机器。 如果我们要使用机器,我们将不得不修改我们的整个基础设施,这将需要对机器进
行大量投资,而机器主要是为大面积和真正的大公司设计的。”
他补充说,在可预见的未来,传统的手工方法可能会继续下去,因为水果价格不足以让农民
对机器进行大规模投资或花钱重新配置它们的运作。
【答案精析】
名 词 契约 合同 投资 偏爱 爱好 转
: C) contracts , ; I) investments ; L) preference , ; M) shift
换 改变
,
动 词 使 适应 附 贴 养 供给 预示 的来
: A) adapt ( ) ; B) attach , ; D) feeds , ; F) heralds ……
临 修改 调整
; J) modify ,
形容词 可预知的 不切实际的 难以达到的
: E) foreseeable ; G) impractical ; H) inaccessible ,
无法理解的 传统的
; N) traditional
副 词 主要地 出乎意料地 意外地
: K) predominantly ; O) unexpectedly ,
[答案]
26. D) feeds
【精析】 空格位于主语 和宾语 之间 且根据上下文语
agricultural sector a huge demand ,
境 本句应用一般现在时 且应填入动词的第三人称单数 根据上文所说 西班牙素有
, , 。 ,
欧洲菜园 之称 可见它需要满足巨大的需求 故空格处应填入 养 供给
“ ” , , D) feeds“ , ”。
[答案]
27. M) shift
【精析】 空格位于 句型之中 且处于 动词之后 介词 之前 空格前
there be , be 、 towards ,
是形容词 可知应填入名词 下文提到许多作物仍然需要手工收割 这与
major , 。 , towards
形成对比 故空格处应填入 转换 改变
mechanisation , M) shift“ , ”。
[答案]
28. G) impractical
【精析】 空格位于系动词 之后的并列结构 之中 易判断该
be expensive and ,
处应填入形容词原级作表语 该句意为 即使在可以使用机械化的地方 采摘机对小
。 “ ,
规模农民来说往往过于昂贵和 由此推知 空格处应填入 不
”, , G) impractical“
切实际的
”。
[答案]
29. K) predominantly
【精析】 空格位于后置定语中 其后是介宾短语 用于说明之前的 故应
, , migrant workers,
填入副词 该句意为 当地人和移民工人之间的紧张关系并不是什么大问题 这些移民
。 “ ,
工人 来自北非和撒哈拉以南非洲以及东欧 由此推出 空格处应填入
”, , K)
主要地
predominantly“ ”。
107
· ·[答案]
30. C) contracts
【精析】 空格位于谓语动词 和形容词 之后 故应填入名词作宾语 该句意
have proper , 。
为 许多外来工人都有正当的 年复一年地回到同一个农场 由此推出 空格
“ , 。” ,
处应填入 契约 合同
C) contracts“ , ”。
[答案]
31. A) adapt
【精析】 空格位于情态动词 之后 名词 之前 故应填入动词原形 该句意
have to 、 crop , 。
为 有一台收集草莓的机器 但你必须让作物 机器 紧接着下一句提到了如何
“ , ”,
使用机器 可见此处是说目前还需要让作物适应机器 故空格处应填入
, , A) adapt
使 适应
“( ) ”。
[答案]
32. J) modify
【精析】 空格位于情态动词 之后 名词短语 之前 故应填
have to 、 our entire infrastructure ,
入动词原形 该句意为 如果我们要使用机器 我们将不得不 我们的整个基础
。 “ ,
设施 这将需要对机器进行大量投资 此处空格所在句的前一句提到作物与机器的适
, ”,
应问题 故空格处应填入 修改 调整
, J) modify“ , ”。
[答案]
33. N) traditional
【精析】 空格位于定冠词 之后 形容词 和名词 之前 可知此处应填
the 、 manual approach ,
入形容词 与 并列作定语 从上文可知 农作物 特别是水果 的采摘目前还主要
, manual 。 , ( )
依靠人工 可推测这是一直沿用的传统方法 故空格处应填入 传统的
, , N) traditional“ ”。
[答案]
34. E) foreseeable
【精析】 空格位于定冠词 和名词 之间 故应填入形容词修饰 上文提
the future , future。
到要想推广使用机器来采摘水果还需要进行一些修整 可知在未来的一段时间内 仍主
, ,
要依赖人工进行采摘 故空格处应填入 可预知的
, E) foreseeable“ ”。
[答案]
35. I) investments
【精析】 空格位于谓语动词 和形容词 之后 且没有用冠词 可知应填入名词
make big , ,
复数形式或不可数名词 由 可推出 空格所
。 or spend money reconfiguring their operations ,
在句是指 对机器进行大规模投资 故空格处应填入 投资
“ ”, I) investments“ ”。
Section B
【参考译文】
最好的朋友? 你一定是在开玩笑
) 从他们在幼儿园认识到 岁,罗宾·施里夫斯和她的朋友彭尼形影不离。 她们骑自行
A 15
车,在街上踢踢球,整个夏天都在游泳,听立体声音乐。 她们告诉对方一些秘密,比如她们认为哪
些男孩儿很可爱,就像最好的朋友总是做的那样。
) 如今,来自费城郊区的施里夫斯女士是两个男孩儿的母亲。 她 岁的孩子有一个最好
B 10
的朋友。 事实上,他是施里夫期女士的朋友彭尼的儿子。 但施里夫斯女士 岁的小儿子却没有。
8
他最喜欢的玩伴是一个上学前班的男孩儿,但施里夫斯女士说,两人不经常聚在一起,因为安排
游戏日期可能很复杂;他们通常必须提前一周或更长时间进行计划。 “他会说,‘我希望我有一个
可以随时打电话的人,’”施里夫斯女士说。
) 人们可能会忍不住对小儿子表示同情。 毕竟,从汤姆·索亚和哈克·芬恩到哈利·波特
C
和罗恩·韦斯莱,儿时“最好的朋友”在文学和流行文化中长期被浪漫化,更不用说在无数成年人
的伤感记忆中了。
108
· ·) 但越来越多的教育工作者和其他从事儿童工作的专业人士提出了一个可能会让父母感
D
到惊讶的问题:孩子真的应该有最好的朋友吗?
) 大多数孩子自然而然地寻求亲密的朋友。 哈里斯互动去年对近 , 名 岁至 岁的
E 3 000 8 24
美国人进行了一项调查, 的人表示他们至少有一个亲密的朋友。 但是,典型的最好的朋友关
94%
系———这两个特殊的朋友分享秘密和功绩,在操场上相互吸引,每天放学后一起出门———这对那
些想要阻止任何暗示排他性的行为的学校官员来说是一个潜在的麻烦,部分原因是担心帮派和
欺凌。
) 圣路易斯的玛丽研究所和圣路易斯乡村走读学校的咨询主任克里斯汀·莱科布说:“我
F
认为孩子们更喜欢成双成对,有一个最好的朋友。 作为成年人———老师和辅导员———我们尽量
鼓励他们不要这样做。 我们试着和孩子们交谈,并与他们一起工作,让他们有一大群朋友,不要
对朋友太过占有。”“父母有时会说约翰尼需要一个特别的朋友,”她继续说道。 “我们说他不需要
最好的朋友。”
) 对许多育儿专家来说,理想的情况可能是亚特兰大郊区 岁的双胞胎马修和玛格丽
G 12
特·格斯特,他们几乎总是聚在一起社交。 一个典型的星期五下午,大约 个男孩儿和女孩儿
10
挤满了格斯特家的后院。 孩子们在蹦床上跳跃,投篮和玩捉迷藏游戏。 玛格丽特和马修都没有
最好的朋友。 玛格丽特说:“我真的没有一个最喜欢的人。”“大多数人都有很多朋友,”马修说。
他认为 个男孩是他的好朋友,他“几乎每个周末”都会见到他们中的大多数。 他们的母亲劳
12
拉·格斯特说,他们的学校试图通过研讨会和海报来防止欺凌。 课外活动让她的孩子们以团体
为导向———玛格丽特参加游泳队、做体操;马修踢足球和打棒球。
) 随着日历进入夏季,管理友谊的努力并没有随着学校的关闭而停止。 在最近几年的
H
营地,一个位于腓尼基的联合露营地,已经开始雇用“友谊教练”与露营者合作,帮助
Timber Lake
每个孩子与其他人成为朋友。 如果两个孩子似乎过于专注于彼此,营地将确保让他们参加不同
的运动队,让他们坐在餐桌的不同端,或者让辅导员邀请他们中的一个和另一个他们还不认识的
孩子一起参加活动。 “我认为孩子依赖一个朋友不是特别健康,”营地负责人杰伊·雅各布斯说。
“如果出了问题,可能会造成毁灭性的后果。 这也限制了孩子探索世界上其他选择的能力。”
) 但这种态度让一些心理学家感到担忧,他们担心孩子们会被剥夺亲密友谊带来的强大情
I
感支持和安全感。 专攻同伴关系的佛罗里达大西洋大学心理学教授布雷特·劳尔森问道:“我们
想鼓励孩子建立各种肤浅的关系吗? 这就是我们真正想培养孩子的方式吗? 想象一下浪漫关系
的含义。 我们希望孩子们善于领导亲密关系,而不是肤浅的关系。”许多心理学家认为,亲密的童
年友谊不仅能增强孩子的自尊和自信,还能帮助孩子培养健康的成人关系技能———从同理心、倾
听和安慰的能力,到争论和和解的过程。 如果孩子的友谊是由成年人设计和净化的,那么争论的
焦点是:孩子如何在情感上为以后可能到来的爱和拒绝做好准备?
) 心理学家迈克尔·汤普森是《最好的朋友,最坏的敌人:了解儿童的社会生活》一书的作
J
者,他说:“没有人能教你什么是好朋友,什么是酒肉朋友,什么叫背叛的朋友,除非有一个好朋
友、酒肉朋友或背叛的朋友。”“当老师试图淡化一种最好的朋友文化时,我想知道为什么。”汤普
森说。 “这会给班上的人带来痛苦吗? 还是有一个女孩儿确实有朋友,但就是无法忍受自己没有
其他人那么好的朋友的想法? 对我来说,这是正常的社交痛苦。 如果你干预的是那些正在经历
正常社交痛苦的孩子的生活,你就不应该那样做。”
) 学校坚称,他们不打算破坏亲密的友谊,而是鼓励针对所有人的礼貌、尊重和友善。 帕
K
蒂·金尼说:“我不认为学校真的在试图阻止友谊,因为他们试图让学生有机会以各种不同的方
109
· ·式与其他学生进行社交互动。”她曾在俄勒冈州一所中学担任教师和校长 年,现在是全国中学
33
校长协会的官员。
) 尽管如此,学校官员承认,他们会仔细观察亲密友谊的负面影响。 “当两个孩子发现他们
L
之间有一种特殊的联系时,我们会尊重这种联系,前提是两个孩子都不公开或暗中排斥或拒绝他
人,”曼哈顿上东区一所从幼儿园到八年级的私立学校 的心理学家简·穆尼说。 “然
Town School
而,底线是,如果我们发现最好的朋友配对对孩子或课堂上的其他人都有破坏性,我们将毫不犹
豫地将孩子分开,并与孩子及其父母合作,确保未来的关系更加健康。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. I)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“close friendships can offer strong emotional support and security.”
段材料第一句
I) “But such an attitude worries some psychologists who fear that children will
相
be denied the strong emotional support and security that comes with intimate friendships.”
匹配 故选
。 I)。
[答案]
37. B)
【精析】 题干中的
“does not play with his favorite playmate very often due to the
与 段材料倒数第二 三句
complexity of scheduling play dates.” B) 、 “But Ms. Shreeves’s
younger son, 8, does not. His favorite playmate is a boythe two don’t get together very
相匹配 故选
often because scheduling play dates can be complicated” 。 B)。
[答案]
38. K)
【精析】 题干中的
“Patti Kinneyare not against close friendships but trying to help kids
与 段材料第二句
socialize with” K) “‘I don’t see schools really in the business of trying to
prevent friendships as they are trying to give students an opportunity to interact socially with
相匹配 故选
other students in a variety of different ways,’ said Patti Kinney” 。 K)。
[答案]
39. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“troublesome partly because it may result in cliques or bullying.”
段材料第三句
E) “But the classic best-friend bondsignals potential trouble for school
officials intent on discouraging anything that hints at exclusivity, in part because of concerns
相匹配 故选
about cliques and bullying.” 。 E)。
[答案]
40. J)
【精析】 题干中的
“Dr. Thompson, kids should experience for themselves normal social
与 段材料最后两句
pain without the intervention of adults.” J) “That to me is normal social
pain. If you’re intervening in the lives of kids who are just experiencing normal social pain,
相匹配 故选
you shouldn’t be.” 。 J)。
[答案]
41. F)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“Christine Laycobfrom being possessive about friends.” F)
第二 三句
、 “said Christine Laycob,the director of counselingWe try to talk to kids and
work with them to get them to have big groups of friends and not to be so possessive about
相匹配 故选
friends.” 。 F)。
[答案]
42. I)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“Brett Laursenhave close relationships rather than superficial ones.”
110
· ·段材料第二至五句
I) “‘Do we want to encourage kids to have all sorts of superficial
relationships? Is that how we really want to rear our children?’ asked Brett Laursen, a
psychology professorWe want children to get good at leading close relationships, not
相匹配 故选
superficial ones.’” 。 I)。
[答案]
43. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“socialize in a pack like Matthew and Margaret.” G)
“For many child-rearing experts, the ideal situation might well be that of Matthew and
Margaret Guest, 12-year-old twins in suburban Atlanta, who almost always socialize in a
相匹配 故选
pack.” 。 G)。
[答案]
44. L)
【精析】 题干中的
“adverse effects, school officials will take measures to separate the
与 段材料第一句
intimate friends.” L) “Still, school officials admit they watch close
和 段材料最后一句
friendships carefully for adverse effects.” L) “‘However, the bottom line
is that if we find a best friend pairing to be destructive to either child, or to others in the
classroom, we will not hesitate to separate children and to work with the children and their
相匹配 故选
parents to ensure healthier relationships in the future.’” 。 L)。
[答案]
45. H)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段
“In Timber Lake Campfrom relying on one friend too much.” H)
材料第二句
“In recent years Timber Lake Camp, a co-ed sleep-away camp in Phoenicia, has
started employing ‘friendship coaches’ to work with campers to help every child become
和 段材料倒数第四句
friends with everyone else.” H) “If two children seem to be too focused
on each other, the camp will make sure to put them on different sports teams, seat them at
different ends of the dining table or, perhaps, have a counselor invite one of them to
相匹配
participate in an activity with another child whom they haven’t yet gotten to know.” 。
故选
H)。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
警官们可能希望,他们出现在校园中能够有助于与学生建立牢固的关系,并长远改善警方与
社区间的关系。 但是一份新的报告显示,要达到那个目标可能需要重新考虑法规执行在教育中
的作用。
观察 — 学年的联邦数据,《教育周刊》的研究人员发现,在至少有一名校园资源警
2013 2014
官的学校中,学生们被逮捕的概率是其他没有校园资源警官学校学生的 倍。 这个区别对黑
1.5
人学生而言尤为突出,可能是因为警官会更加集中在少数民族学生比例更高的地区。 报告发现,
黑人男生在校期间被逮捕的几率是白人男生的三倍。
研究者称,被逮捕或被交给法院处理的学生,不仅没有建立关系或改善结果,反而在校的表
现更加差强人意,成年以后也会更易卷入违法事件。 种族偏见意味着在有色人种社区结果尤
其差。
受二十世纪八十年代和九十年代对暴力犯罪担忧加剧的刺激,一些学校求助警方来提高校
园安全。 在联邦的资助下,驻校警官的数量持续增加。 在发生科罗拉多州哥伦拜恩中学校园枪
111
· ·击事件这样的悲剧后,越来越多的家长要求像金属探测器和武装警察这样的安全措施。 在
— 学年中,有 , 名“校园资源警官”在学校全职或兼职工作。
2013 2014 44 000
某些情况下,雇用这些警官的确使得意外事故显著下降。 但是就全国范围来看,就没有如此
乐观了。 专家称,特别是在少数民族比例高的学校,校园资源警官被过度使用,承担了传统上由
课堂教师承担的纪律职能。
逮捕学生,而不是让课堂教师来管教他们,这会带来经济和情感上的代价。 一份美国公民自
由联邦的报告发现,曾遭逮捕的学生从中学辍学的几率提高了一倍———而对于那些曾出现在法
庭上的学生而言,那个数字还会翻番。
《教育周刊》报道称,让问题更加恶化的是,用于雇用校园资源警官的花费成本意味着很多配
有警官的学校不太可能再有校园顾问来留意逮捕给孩子们带来的心理和成长方面的影响。 拘留
学生还会耗尽那些本可以用于教育他们的经费预算。
那些警官们如何才能帮助确保校园安全而又不会成为加速学生向监狱流失的纪律执行者?
培训是关键,校园资源警官全国联盟执行主任莫·卡纳蒂告诉《教育周刊》。 校园资源警官不仅
应该将自己视为执法者,还应该加强自己在毒品预防等问题上教育者的责任或是作为学生顾问
的身份,卡纳蒂先生说道。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第二段第一句
federal data Paragraph Two 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查对第二段中引用数据的理解 由定位句可知 在至少
。 。 ,
有一名校园资源警官的学校中 学生们被逮捕的概率是其他没有校园资源警官学校学生
,
的 倍 引用这些数据的意图也可以回溯到上一段 作者提到了安排校园资源警官的
1.5 。 ,
积极意图 但也在随后一句中提到这个目的并没有达到成效 可见引用这些数据是为了
, ,
说明安排驻校警官并没达到预期的效果 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项定位到原文第三段第一句和第五段第
negative effect
二句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查对安排校园资源警官负面效应的理解 第三段第一句
。 。
提到 被逮捕或被交给法院处理的学生在今后学校生活中表现更差 而这种不良的影响
, ,
在其成年以后依然存在 而且第五段第二句也提到校园资源警官有时承担了本应由课堂
,
教师承担的纪律职能 可见校园资源警官过度使用了法律强制力 故答案为
, , A)。
[答案]
48. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项定位到原文第七段第一句和最后一段第
employing SROs
二句
。
【精析】 观点态度题 本题考查作者对雇用校园资源警官的看法 其中第七段提到雇
。 。
用校园资源警官所耗费的成本让学校不能再雇用校园顾问来解决孩子的心理和成长方
面的问题 而最后一段中则说到校园资源警官需要接受培训才能取得满意的效果 可见
, ,
作者认为雇用校园资源警官的效果还有改进的空间 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
49. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文最后一段第一句
Line 2, Para. 8 。
【精析】 语义理解题 本题考查对文中特定词句的理解 定位句提出要确保校园资源
。 。
112
· ·警官帮助确保校园安全 并防止他们 从字面上看
, grease the school-to-prison pipeline,
是 上润滑油 的意思 再联系上文可知 部署校园警官的学校似乎会有更多的学
grease “ ” , ,
生被逮捕 可见此处的意思就是导致更多学生遭到逮捕 故答案为
, , B)。
[答案]
50. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文最后一段最后一句
In the last paragraph advises 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查作者对校园资源警官如何正确履行职责的建议 定位
。 。
段最后一句提出 校园资源警官不仅应该将自己视为执法者 还应该强化自己在毒品预
, ,
防等问题上教育者的责任或是作为学生顾问的身份 可见作者认为他们目前对自己的职
,
责定位还不足 应该注意转变角色 故答案为
, , C)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
英国的一家超市成为世界上首家允许购物者只使用其指尖静脉付款购买食品杂货的超市。
在伦敦布鲁内尔大学的考斯特卡特便利店内,顾客如今可以使用能确认其身份的独特静脉
分布图进行付款。
开发该技术的斯塔勒公司表示,他们正在与英国其他的大超市进行“严肃的谈判”,以让数千
家商店的收银处采用高科技手指静脉扫描仪。
静脉扫描仪的工作原理是利用红外线扫描人们手指的静脉,然后将这种独特的生物特征识
别图与他们的银行卡相关联。 顾客的银行卡详细信息随后被存入支付服务提供商 ,这
Worldpay
与网购时存储银行卡详细信息的方式一样。 这样,购物者可以在逛超市时除了双手什么都不用
带,并且只花三秒就能用该技术付款。
这种技术会出现是由于先前的研究发现,广泛应用于手机上的指纹识别易受到黑客攻击,甚
至能够从手机屏幕上残留的手指污迹中得以复制。
但斯塔勒公司声称,静脉识别技术是最安全的生物特征识别方法,因为它无法被复制或
窃取。
斯塔勒公司表示,数十名学生已使用了该系统,预计到 月份, , 名学生中将有 ,
11 13 000 3 000
人已经注册。
静脉扫描仪也被用于出入戒备森严的英国警署的一种方式,并至少在一家英国大型投资银
行中被用于授权内部交易。
斯塔勒公司也在与夜总会及健身房洽谈将该技术用于验证会员身份,甚至与英超足球俱乐
部洽谈将该技术用于识别人们是否有权进入 服务专区。
VIP
该技术使用红外光来形成手指静脉分布的详细图像。 它要求用户必须是活着的,这意味着如果
一个罪犯砍下某人的手指(当然不太可能发生这种事),那么该技术将是无效的。 斯塔勒公司表示,
首次注册该系统只需一分钟,此后每次只需在超市收款处花数秒钟把手指放在扫描仪上。
斯塔勒公司的商务总监西蒙·宾斯告诉《每日电讯报》: “这让顾客付款变得如此便捷。 他
们无须携带现金或银行卡。 他们无须记住密码。 只需带上自己。 这是最安全的生物特征识别方
式。 目前该安全系统遭到破解的事件还未发生。 当你把手指放进扫描仪时,它会检查出你是否
还活着,它会检测脉搏,它还会检测血红蛋白。 你的静脉分布图是安全的,因为它被作为二进制
数字以加密形式保存在数据库中。 没有银行卡的详细信息会存储在零售商或我们公司处,而是
存储在 处,这和网购时的存储方式一样。”
Worldpay
113
· ·【答案精析】
[答案]
51. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文前两段
the first two paragraphs 。
【精析】 推理判断题 第一段提到 英国的一家超市成为世界上首家允许购物者只使
。 ,
用其指尖静脉付款购买食品杂货的超市 紧接着第二段指出 在伦敦布鲁内尔大学的考
。 ,
斯特卡特便利店内 顾客如今可以使用能确认其身份的独特静脉分布图进行付款 由此
, 。
推知 世界上首家使用手指静脉付款技术的超市就是考斯特卡特超市 故答案为
, , A)。
[答案]
52. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第
the finger vein scanners submitting payments online
四段第二句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位句可知 顾客的银行卡详细信息随后被存入支付服务提
。 ,
供商 这与网购时存储银行卡详细信息的方式一样 由上文可知 手指静脉扫
Worldpay, 。 ,
描仪是用于超市 即实体店 由此推知 在实体店使用手指静脉扫描仪付款与网上付款选
, , ,
择了相同的方式存储用户的银行卡信息 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
53. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第五段
fingerprint identification technology 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位段指出 先前的研究发现 广泛应用于手机上的指纹识别易
。 , ,
受到黑客攻击 甚至能够从手机屏幕上残留的手指污迹中得以复制 由此可知 指纹识
, 。 ,
别技术有可能由于手机上残留的手指痕迹而遭到复制 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
54. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文
The finger vein scanners authenticate users to get into
第八段
。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位段指出 静脉扫描仪也被用于出入戒备森严的英国警署的
。 ,
一种方式 并至少在一家英国大型投资银行中被用于授权内部交易 由此可知 静脉扫
, 。 ,
描仪已被用于验证用户身份以便出入警署 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
55. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文最后一段第一句和最后一句
Simon Binns 。
【精析】 推理判断题 最后一段最后一句提到 没有银行卡的详细信息会存储在零售
。 ,
商或斯塔勒公司那里 而是存储在 那里 这和网购时的存储方式一样 该段第
, Worldpay , 。
一句提到 西蒙 宾斯是斯塔勒公司的商务总监 由此推测 斯塔勒公司和卖方都不会
, · 。 ,
保留用户的银行卡信息 故答案为
, D)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
Thousands of years’ traditional Chinese culture is a precious asset to today’s young generation. It
is not only embodied in the flowering politics and philosophy but also in the exquisite handicrafts. As
nowadays China is developing rapidly at an unprecedented rate, it desperately calls for its citizens to
build up confidence and pride in its own traditional culture as well as seek for its unique cultural
roots. Besides, the wisdom of ancestors in our traditional culture can help us to solve the thorny
problems which exist for a long time. The ethics of Confucius teach us to introspect ourselves three times
per day while holding respect for others; the universal love of Mencius can be used to break today’s
warring deadlock.
114
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(四)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
C B A B B A B C C D B B A D C
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
C B A C D C D B A D L E D A N
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
G B H J F D G I M A L H O B F
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C D D A B D A D B D
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
Growing Up Through Mistakes
As the old saying goes, “He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.” Making mistakes is a part of
human nature. We learn from mistakes and we cannot grow up without them.
In the course of growth, everyone makes many a mistake from time to time. To begin with, making
mistakes is an essential part of growing. Take learning to walk for example. When we were toddlers, we
fell down again and again until we could walk on our own. Moreover, the mistakes we have made in the
past will turn into a vital part of our education. This is true when we’re trying to learn English,
especially spoken English. If we’re afraid of making mistakes, then it’s almost impossible for us to
make progress. So making mistakes is also a process of learning. Last but not least, every mistake that
we have made in our life leads us to our current level of understanding. As long as we are not afraid of
making mistakes, we are likely to be closer to success.
In short, if there is no learning involved, mistakes would make no sense at all. As can be
imagined, mistakes might cause pain or impatience, and yet they could provide opportunities for
growth.
【参考译文】
在错误中成长
俗话说: “不犯错误的人一事无成。”犯错误是人性的一部分。 我们从错误中学习,没有错误
我们就无法成长。
115
· ·在成长的过程中,每个人都会时不时地犯很多错误。 首先,犯错是成长的重要组成部分。 以
学习走路为例。 当我们还在蹒跚学步的时候,我们一次又一次地摔倒,直到我们能自己走路。 此
外,我们过去所犯的错误将变成我们教育的重要组成部分。 当我们努力学习英语,尤其是口语
时,的确如此。 如果我们害怕犯错误,那么我们几乎不可能取得进步。 所以犯错误也是一个学习
的过程。 最后但同等重要的是,我们在生活中所犯的每一个错误都会促进形成我们现在的理解
水平。 只要我们不害怕犯错误,我们就有可能更接近成功。
简而言之,如果没有学习,错误就没有任何意义。 可以想象,错误可能会导致痛苦或急躁,但
它们也可能提供成长的机会。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
Conversation One
M: Good morning. Welcome to Bank of the USA. How may I help you today?
W: Hi, I need to transfer some money to another account. It’s urgent.
M: OK. Have you made a wire transfer at our bank before?
W: No. I’ve never made a transfer before.
M: It’s all right. I will take you through the procedure. Are you transferring funds to a company
or an individual account?
W: A company account. I need to pay a bill.
M: OK. I need the name of the company and their bank routing number as well as their bank’s
address and phone number.
W: I have all the information in this folder.
M: Well, you’ve come prepared. I have all the necessary materials, so we can go ahead and
make the transfer right now. It’s a simple transaction, and we can process it today.
W: Oh, that’s such a relief. I don’t want the payment to be overdue. Thank you so much.
M: It’s my pleasure. Is there anything else that I can do for you?
W: One more thing. I would like to withdraw my money and close my personal account now.
M: May I see your passbook?
W: Here you are.
M: This is a sizable sum. Is there any reason you are closing your account with us?
W: I will be leaving the city soon, so I have no need for this account.
M: I see. Well, for this amount I will have to get my manager’s approval.
W: No problem. I’ll wait over there.
M: Thank you. This should only be a few minutes. If you would like, there is coffee by those sofas
over there.
W: No, thanks. Coffee makes me wired and I will be nervous enough carrying all that cash.
M: Our bank also offers customers security service. We will send a guard to accompany you to your
destination if necessary.
W: Well, that is some consolation.
116
· ·Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. Why does the woman come to the bank?
[答案]
C)
2. When can they make the transaction?
[答案]
B)
3. Why does the man have to get his manager’s approval to close the woman’s account?
[答案]
A)
4. How does the woman feel after drinking coffee?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
男: 早上好。 欢迎光临美国银行。 今天我能为您做些什么?
女: 你好,我需要把钱汇到另一个账户上。 这很紧急。
男: 好的。 您以前在我们银行电汇过吗?
女: 没有。 我以前从来没有汇过款。
男: 没关系。 我将带您走完整个流程。 您是将资金汇到公司账户还是个人账户?
女: 公司账户。 我需要付一笔账。
男: 好的。 我需要银行地址和电话号码,以及他们的公司名称和他们的银行路由号码。
女: 我把所有的资料都放在这个文件夹里了。
男: 看来您有备而来啊。 我有所有必要的材料了,所以我们现在就可以进行转账了。 这是一
笔简单的交易,我们今天就可以办理。
女: 哦,那真是让我松了一口气。 我不希望付款逾期。 非常感谢。
男: 不客气。 我还能为您做些什么吗?
女: 还有一件事。 我现在想取出我的钱并注销我的个人账户。
男: 我可以看一下您的存折吗?
女: 给你。
男: 这是一笔相当大的数目。 您要在我们这里注销账户是有什么原因吗?
女: 我很快就要离开这个城市了,所以我不需要这个账户了。
男: 我明白了。 嗯,这个金额我必须得到经理的批准。
女: 没问题。 我在那边等。
男: 谢谢。 这应该只需要几分钟。 如果您愿意的话,那边的沙发旁边有咖啡。
女: 不了,谢谢。 咖啡让我兴奋,带着那么多现金我都够紧张了。
男: 我们银行还为客户提供安全服务。 如有必要,我们将派一名警卫陪同您到达目的地。
女: 啊,那我就放心了。
Conversation Two
W: Today we have Daniel Leviton with us to share his opinion on confidence. Daniel is an author,
neuroscientist, doctor, and teacher. Welcome!
M: Thank you. Today,I would like to tell you that having confidence will help you a lot,but being
over-confident will lead you to something bad. Like this Mark Twain quote: “It ain’t what you
don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just isn’t so.”
117
· ·W: What does that mean?
M: I will give you an example in the medical field. If you’re sure that an alternative treatment will
help cure you better than Western medicine, you will abandon the traditional treatment. Two
thirds of cancer patients think that alternative medicine will prolong their lives.
W: Then what is the result of this?
M: In fact, patients who turn to an alternative treatment are twice as likely to die of their cancers,
and they die earlier.
W: That is because if you’re sure that your choice of something is right, you’re not gonna be
open-minded about any new evidence that might come in and that could or should cause you to
change your mind. Am I right?
M: You are totally right. In addition to being a doctor, I’m a college professor as well, and I train
PhD students for careers as neuroscientists. They come into my laboratory full of
confidence. They have been at the top of every class in their entire lives. I spend most of my
time trying to teach them that they don’t know everything they think they do. My job as a
teacher really is to unteach them.
W: But how can you unteach students when your job is to teach them?
M: I’m always asking, why do you think that? What’s the evidence? Knowledge can only be
created in an environment where we’re open to the possibility that we’re wrong. I think that
all of us should be capable of this kind of critical thinking.
W: A great lesson for all of us.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
[答案]
B)
6. What does the man say about patients who turn to an alternative treatment?
[答案]
A)
7. What does the man say about his students?
[答案]
B)
8. What can we learn from the end of the conversation?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
女: 今天我们请到了丹尼尔·莱维顿来和我们分享他对信心的看法。 丹尼尔是一位作家、神
经学家、医生和教师。 欢迎光临!
男: 谢谢。 今天,我想告诉你们,拥有自信会对你们有很大的帮助,但是过于自信会导致一些
不好的事情。 就像马克·吐温所说的: “不是你不知道的事情让你陷入麻烦,而是你确
信的事情,但其实并非如此。”
女: 这是什么意思?
男: 我给你举个医学领域的例子。 如果你确信一种替代疗法比西医更能治愈你,你就会放弃
传统疗法。 三分之二的癌症患者认为替代药物可以延长他们的生命。
女: 那么这样做的结果是什么呢?
118
· ·男: 事实上,采用替代疗法的患者死于癌症的可能性是其他人的两倍,而且他们死得更早。
女: 那是因为如果你确信你的选择是正确的,你就不会对任何可能或应该导致你改变主意的
新证据持开放态度。 我说的对吗?
男: 完全正确。 除了是一名医生,我还是一名大学教授,我还培养博士生成为神经学家。 他
们满怀信心地来到我的实验室。 他们一生中每门课都名列前茅。 我花了大部分时间试
图告诉他们,他们并不知道他们自以为知道的一切。 作为一名教师,我的工作就是不再
教育他们。
女: 但是当你的工作是教学生时,你怎么能不教他们呢?
男: 我总是在问,你为什么这么想? 证据是什么? 知识只能在一个我们对错误的可能性持开
放态度的环境中产生。 我认为我们所有人都应该具备这种批判性思维的能力。
女: 对我们所有人来说都是很好的一课。
Section B
Passage One
Participants in Girls on Rock get to explore forests, hike mountains and sleep under the stars. But
that is only part of the experience the young women seek in the free Colorado-based educational
program. The program also provides them with the chance to carry out field research with actual
scientists. Girls on Rock is part of the organization Inspiring Girls Expeditions. The group supports
similar programs in the American states of Alaska and Washington, and in the countries of Canada and
Switzerland.
In late July, a team of nine girls and five instructors launched the first Girls on Rock trip. The
group spent 12 days in the Gore Mountains near Frisco, Colorado. Each girl took turns climbing a wall
of rock. After climbing, the girls took a hike. During the hike, they stopped for a lesson on map
reading. They also learned how to find their position on Earth using nothing but a thin rope and
information about their current elevation. The young women had several reasons for wanting to enter the
program. They wanted to meet new people, be involved in science during the summer break and face
fears. They were surprised by how quickly they made friends as they learned how to trust themselves
and others. Girls on Rock does not consider academic performance when choosing participants.
Instead, interested girls are asked to explain in writing why they want to participate in the program.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What can we learn about the program Girls on Rock?
[答案]
C)
10. How many people were involved in the first Girls on Rock trip?
[答案]
D)
11. What can we learn about Girls on Rock from the end of the talk?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
参加“岩石上的女孩”活动的人可以探索森林,徒步爬山,在星空下睡觉。 但这只是这些年轻
女性在科罗拉多州免费教育项目中寻求的体验的一部分。 该项目还为他们提供了与真正的科学
家一起进行实地研究的机会。 “岩石上的女孩”是“鼓舞女孩远征”组织的一部分。 该组织还为美
国阿拉斯加州和华盛顿州以及加拿大和瑞士的类似项目提供支持。
119
· ·月下旬,一个由 名女孩和 名教练组成的团队发起了第一次“岩石上的女孩”之旅。 该小
7 9 5
组在科罗拉多州弗里斯科附近的戈尔山脉度过了 天。 每个女孩轮流爬一堵岩壁。 爬完山后,
12
女孩们去徒步旅行。 在徒步旅行中,她们停下来上了一堂看地图的课。 她们还学会了如何只用
一根细绳子和当前海拔的信息来找到自己在地球上的位置。 这些年轻女性想参加这个项目有几
个原因。 她们想结识新朋友,在暑假期间参与科学研究,面对恐惧。 当她们学会如何信任自己和
他人时,她们很快就交到了朋友,这让她们感到惊讶。 “岩石上的女孩”在选择参与者时并不考虑
学习成绩。 相反,有兴趣的女孩被要求以书面形式解释为什么她们想参加这个项目。
Passage Two
Lionfish are known for their beauty and unusual look. But lionfish are also poisonous, with
extremely long and separated spines to carry and shoot poison. The native environment for lionfish
includes the South Pacific and Indian Ocean. However, sea experts say lionfish were at some time
released into the Atlantic Ocean, likely by people who had kept them in tanks. Lionfish are currently
considered a great threat to coral reefs and related sea life in coastal waters of the southeastern United
States and Caribbean. Scientists say the fish is a top predator that competes for food and space with
native fish in the area.
Now there is a new solution for fighting back. University researchers are developing an underwater
robot to hunt down, kill and collect lionfish. A student-led team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in
Massachusetts developed the robot. The team recently demonstrated the device and is continuing to test
and make changes to it. The team says that the robot is designed to recognize the lionfish, chase it and
shoot the animal with a spear, which then separates from the robot and floats the fish to the surface for
collection. Craig Putnam is a computer science professor at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and a
director of the school’s Robotics Engineering Program. He says the robot was built to simplify the
process of hunting down and collecting this aggressive fish. Putnam said his team trained the robot
system by showing it thousands of images of lionfish in different colors, from many directions and under
different lighting conditions. The robot can correctly identify lionfish about 95% of the time, he
added.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. What does the speaker say about lionfish?
[答案]
B)
13. What are lionfish doing to the Atlantic Ocean?
[答案]
A)
14. What can we learn about the team that developed the robot?
[答案]
D)
15. How did the team train the robot system to hunt down the lionfish?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
狮子鱼以其美丽和不寻常的外表而闻名。 但狮子鱼也是有毒的,它们有极长且分离的毛刺
来携带和发射毒液。 狮子鱼的原生环境包括南太平洋和印度洋。 然而,海洋专家表示,狮子鱼曾
在某个时期被放入大西洋,可能是那些把它们养在水箱里的人放的。 狮子鱼目前被认为是对美
120
· ·国东南部和加勒比海沿海水域的珊瑚礁和相关海洋生物的巨大威胁。 科学家们说,这种鱼在与
当地鱼类竞争食物和空间时,是顶级的掠夺者。
现在有了一种新的反击方法。 大学研究人员正在开发一种水下机器人,用于捕捉、猎杀和收
集狮子鱼。 马萨诸塞州伍斯特理工学院的一个学生领导的团队开发了这个机器人。 该团队最近
展示了该设备,并将继续对其进行测试和改进。 该团队表示,该机器人的设计目的是识别狮子
鱼,追逐并用长矛对其进行射击,然后长矛与机器人分离,将鱼浮到水面进行收集。 克雷格·帕
特南是伍斯特理工学院的计算机科学教授,也是该校机器人工程项目的负责人。 他说,制造这个
机器人是为了简化追捕和收集这种攻击性鱼类的过程。 帕特南说,他的团队通过向机器人展示
数千张不同颜色、不同方向和不同光照条件下的狮子鱼图像来训练机器人系统。 他补充说,机器
人识别狮子鱼的准确率约为 。
95%
Section C
Recording One
The non-governmental environmental group Greenpeace reports that plastic and chemical pollution
is often found in snow and seawater collected by researchers in Antarctica. Greenpeace said its scientists
gathered water and snow samples from Antarctica during a visit between January to March of this
year. Laboratory tests confirmed the effect of humanity on the continent. “It was about one microplastic
piece at least per liter. When you think of extrapolating that out to the scale or the Antarctic Ocean,
it’s really, really significant,” said Greenpeace’ s Louisa Casson. She noted that, in the past,
scientists thought the currents around the Antarctic Ocean might protect it from plastic pollution found in
many of the world’s oceans. But now, she said, evidence is increasingly showing that there might be
little, if any, protection.
Microplastics are extremely small particles of plastic. They come from the breakdown of bottles and
other plastic waste in the world’s oceans. In addition to microplastics, the Greenpeace study also
confirmed the presence of chemicals widely used in industrial processes. The United Nations estimates
that 8 million tons of plastic are dropped into the oceans every year. Plastic has been shown to harm
wildlife. An example of this happened several days ago in southern Thailand. That was when a pilot
whale died after swallowing 80 pieces of plastic waste. Tests showed the waste weighed about eight
kilograms. International concern about plastic pollution is rising. In India, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi recently promised to ban all single-use plastic by 2022. In the city of Mumbai, Bollywood movie
stars have been taking part in waste clean-up activities at Versova beach. Actress Abigail Pande told
reporters she was surprised at the amount of waste she found. “I am having fun cleaning this place. But
it is also very sad because once I came here, I got to know that the amount of waste is so high that if you
dig the ground four feet, you will still find plastic inside. And it will take years to properly clean the
beach,” Pande said. Plastic has now been found in every corner of the world’s oceans, from the
bottom of the Pacific Mariana Trench to Antarctica. In October, world governments will decide on a
European Union proposal to create an Antarctic Ocean sanctuary. At 1.8 million square kilometers, the
sanctuary would be the largest protected area on Earth.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. What can we learn about the group Greenpeace?
[答案]
C)
121
· ·17. How many plastics are dropped into the oceans every year according to the United Nations?
[答案]
B)
18. What will India do to reduce plastic pollution according to Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
非政府环保组织绿色和平报告说,研究人员在南极洲收集的冰雪和海水中经常发现塑料和
化学污染。 绿色和平组织表示,其科学家在今年 月至 月期间访问了南极洲,收集了水和雪的
1 3
样本。 实验室测试证实了人类对非洲大陆的影响。 绿色和平组织的路易莎·卡森说:“大约每升
至少有一个微塑料碎片。 当你将它外推到南冰洋的规模时,这真的非常非常重要。”她指出,过
去,科学家们认为,南冰洋周围的洋流可能会保护它免受世界上大部分海洋中发现的塑料污染。
但现在,她说,越来越多的证据表明,即使有保护措施,也可能微乎其微。
微塑料是非常小的塑料颗粒。 它们来自世界海洋中瓶子和其他塑料垃圾的分解物。 除了微
塑料,绿色和平组织的研究还证实了工业过程中广泛使用的化学物质的存在。 联合国估计,每年
有 万吨塑料被扔进海洋。 塑料已被证明对野生生物有害。 几天前在泰国南部发生了一个这
800
样的例子。 当时,一头领航鲸在吞下 块塑料垃圾后死亡。 测试显示,这些垃圾重约 千克。 国
80 8
际上对塑料污染的担忧正在上升。 在印度,总理纳伦德拉·莫迪最近承诺到 年禁止所有一
2022
次性塑料投海。 在孟买,宝莱坞电影明星参加了维索瓦海滩的垃圾清理活动。 女演员阿比盖
尔·潘德告诉记者,她对自己发现的垃圾数量感到惊讶。 “打扫这个地方让我很开心。 但也很令
人伤心,因为我一来到这里,就知道垃圾的数量相当高,如果你挖四英尺深,你仍然会在里面找到
塑料。 而要彻底清理海滩需要数年时间。”现在,从太平洋马里亚纳海沟底部到南极洲,世界海洋
的每个角落都发现了塑料。 今年 月,世界各国政府将对欧盟提出的建立南冰洋保护区的建议
10
做出决定。 该保护区占地 万平方千米,将成为地球上最大的保护区。
180
Recording Two
Major world automakers have already invested heavily in electric vehicles and related technology,
and they are committed to keep doing so. Some have even promised to stop producing vehicles that run
only on gas or diesel fuel in the future. The changes to the auto industry demonstrate the growing
number of buyers willing to spend more money on environmentally friendly cars. But one of the main
issues with the technology is that drivers need to charge the batteries often to be able to travel longer
distances. The batteries themselves can also greatly increase the price of the vehicles. They can also be
very costly to replace. Now, a new technology is being developed and tested in Sweden to help resolve
these issues. Engineers there have created what is thought to be the world’s first operating electrified
road. A Swedish company, Elways, invented the technology. The project, involving several companies,
is called eRoadArlanda. A large, specially built electric truck transports goods along a two-kilometer-
long stretch of road from Stockholm’ s Arlanda airport. The truck’ s battery is charged from the
electrified road as it travels.
CEO Hans Saell has led the project since 2013. He explains that the technology works in a simple
way. A 15-centimeter-wide electrical rail is built into the road. The vehicle contains equipment that
automatically senses the electrified road. An arm then lowers from the vehicle to make contact with the
122
· ·rail. Saell says the system is designed to make continuous charging on the road effortless for the
driver. He says the system can be built into existing roads to reduce costs. He estimates that putting in
a highly developed version of eRoadArlanda’ s technology would cost about 1 million dollars per
kilometer. That amount sounds like a big number and could add up fast over thousands of
kilometers. But Saell says the cost is still a lot less when compared to other transportation infrastructure
projects. He added that the vehicle equipment also costs much less than systems that would require
electrical equipment above ground, such as railways or street cars. Project leaders say the electrified
road has been tested in all kinds of weather and even proved effective in snow and ice. Saell says the
powered road is also safe because the electricity is below the surface and well covered. The road is also
not electrified all the time. The electricity turns on in 50-meter stretches only when an equipped vehicle
is traveling on the road. Saell says the eRoadArlanda system still needs a lot of development before it
will be ready for wide industrial use. But he estimates this could happen in just 5 to 10 years.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. What do the changes to the auto industry show?
[答案]
C)
20. What is a major issue with the electric vehicles?
[答案]
D)
21. What does Hans Saell say about eRoadArlanda system?
[答案]
C)
22. What can we learn about eRoadArlanda system?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
世界上主要的汽车制造商已经在电动汽车和相关技术上投入了大量资金,而且他们承诺将
继续这样做。 一些公司甚至承诺,未来将停止生产只使用汽油或柴油的汽车。 汽车行业的变化
表明,越来越多的买家愿意花更多的钱购买环保汽车。 但这项技术的一个主要问题是,司机需要
经常给电池充电,才能行驶更远的距离。 电池本身也会大大提高汽车的价格。 更换电池也非常
昂贵。 现在,瑞典正在开发和测试一项新技术,以帮助解决这些问题。 那里的工程师创造了被认
为是世界上第一条正在运行的电气化道路。 瑞典公司 发明了这项技术。 该项目由几家公
Elways
司参与,名为 。 一辆专门制造的大型电动卡车沿着斯德哥尔摩阿兰达机场两千米长
eRoadArlanda
的道路运输货物。 卡车的电池在行驶过程中通过电气化的道路充电。
首席执行官汉斯·泽尔自 年以来一直领导该项目。 他解释说,这项技术的工作方式很
2013
简单。 一条 厘米宽的电轨被安装在道路上。 汽车装有自动感应电气化道路的设备。 然后,一
15
只机械臂从车上放下来,与轨道接触。 泽尔表示,该系统的设计目的是让司机在路上轻松地持续
充电。 他说,该系统可以建在现有的道路上,以降低成本。 他估计,安装一种高度发达的
技术,每公里的成本约为 万美元。 这个数字听起来很大,并且可以在数千公里
eRoadArlanda 100
内快速累积起来。 但泽尔表示,与其他交通基础设施项目相比,它的成本仍然要低得多。 他补充
说,车辆设备的成本也远低于需要地面电气设备的系统,如铁路或有轨电车。 项目负责人表示,
这条电气化道路已经在各种天气条件下进行了测试,甚至在冰雪条件下也被证明是有效的。 泽
尔说,电力道路也很安全,因为电流在地表以下,覆盖得很好。 这条路也不是一直通电的。 只有
123
· ·当配备这种设备的车辆行驶在道路上时, 米范围内才会通电。 泽尔说, 系统在投
50 eRoadArlanda
入广泛的工业应用之前还需要大量的开发。 但他估计这可能只用 到 年就能发生。
5 10
Recording Three
There have been many improvements in how weather experts predict the path of hurricanes,
powerful storms that form in the ocean. However, forecasters still struggle when trying to estimate one
quality of a coming storm: its intensity. Intensity measurements would help people prepare for flooding
and deadly winds. In 2017, the US government’s National Hurricane Centre reported that it had failed
to correctly predict the sudden intensification of the 2016 hurricane called Matthew. That storm
strengthened very quickly, with winds reaching up to 270 kilometers per hour. It caused major
destruction in the Caribbean, including killing more than 1,000 people in Haiti, according to
Reuters. Scientists say there are several scientific models for predicting hurricane intensity, but they are
all of limited use. The current science of tracking a storm’s path depends heavily on information about
conditions on its edges. But, intensity is based on what is happening in the middle of it. Generally,
measurements are taken one of three ways. Sometimes researchers fly a “hurricane hunter” aircraft into
the storm. Other times, they use a device called a weather buoy to measure wind speeds as a storm
passes over. Or, they get information from satellites. One project to gather more information to predict
intensity is the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System, or CYGNSS for short. CYGNSS is a group of
eight low-orbit satellites. The American space agency, NASA launched it in 2016. Earlier satellites had
trouble measuring ocean surface winds at the centre of storms. Heavy rain at the centre often weakened
their signals, NASA officials said.
Christopher Ruf is a lead investigator with CYGNSS and a climate science professor at the
University of Michigan. He noted, “For storms that are changing really quickly, you could miss
something like rapid intensification.” NASA designed CYGNSS to measure surface winds in and near
the centre of tropical storm systems. Researchers said that having more satellites means they can pass
over the storms more often. And the low-orbit satellites are closer to the storms. So, experts get more
real-time information to use for predicting intensity. At present, researchers are focusing on the
2017 season when hurricanes severely affected Texas, Florida and Puerto Rico. Storms caused hundreds
of billions of dollars in damage. And researchers are re-examining information gathered from CYGNSS to
see how it affected the quality of the forecasts and how it can be better used to predict intensity.
CYGNSS could be fully operational next year, researchers said.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. Which quality of a coming storm bothers forecasters?
[答案]
B)
24. What do scientists say about current scientific models for predicting hurricane intensity?
[答案]
A)
25. What can we learn about CYGNSS?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
天气专家预测飓风路径的方法有了很多改进,飓风是在海洋中形成的强大风暴。 然而,天气
预报员仍然很难试图估计即将到来的风暴的一个特征: 它的强度。 强度评估将帮助人们为洪水
124
· ·和致命的大风做好准备。 年,美国政府的国家飓风中心报告称,其未能正确预测 年飓
2017 2016
风“马修”的突然增强。 风暴迅速加强,风速达到 公里每小时。 据路透社报道,它在加勒比海
270
地区造成了重大破坏,包括在海地造成 , 多人死亡。 科学家们说,有几种预测飓风强度的科
1 000
学模型,但它们的用途都很有限。 目前追踪风暴路径的科学在很大程度上依赖于有关风暴边缘
状况的信息。 但是,强度取决于中间发生了什么。 通常,测量方法有三种。 有时研究人员会驾驶
一架“飓风猎人”飞机进入风暴。 其他时候,他们使用一种叫作气象浮标的设备来测量风暴经过
时的风速。 或者,他们从卫星上获取信息。 一个收集更多信息来预测飓风强度的项目是气旋全
球导航卫星系统,简称 。 由 颗低轨道卫星组成。 美国航空航天局于 年
CYGNSS CYGNSS 8 2016
发射了它。 早期的卫星在测量风暴中心的海洋表面风时遇到了麻烦。 美国航空航天局官员说,
中心的大雨经常会使它们的信号减弱。
克里斯托弗·鲁夫是 的首席研究员,也是密歇根大学的气候科学教授。 他指出,
CYGNSS
“对于变化非常快的风暴,你可能会错过某种快速增强的东西。”美国航空航天设计 是为
CYGNSS
了测量热带风暴系统中心及其附近的地表风。 研究人员表示,拥有更多的卫星意味着它们可以
更频繁地飞越风暴。 低轨道卫星离风暴更近。 因此,专家们可以获得更多的实时信息来预测强
度。 目前,研究人员正在关注 年飓风严重影响得克萨斯州、佛罗里达州和波多黎各的季节。
2017
风暴造成了数千亿美元的损失。 研究人员正在重新检查从 收集的信息,以了解它如何
CYGNSS
影响预测的质量,以及如何更好地利用它来预测强度。 研究人员说, 可能在明年全面投
CYGNSS
入使用。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
如果让你猜测对你的情绪、心境,甚至是你的选择有重大影响的器官,你会猜到什么? 大脑?
当然,还有呢? 心脏———传说中的灵魂之所? 不尽然。 胃? 你快接近正确答案了。 你会相信是
统称为肠道的大肠和小肠吗? 更确切地说,是生活在肠道中的数万亿细菌———微生物群。 在我
们的肠道里,每个人随时都会携带多达 磅的细菌。 肠道内生活着超过 万亿只微生物。
4.5 100
现在,这些微生物大多是有益的,它们做着重要的工作,以至一些科学家提倡将这些微生物
群归类为自己的器官。 除了帮助消化我们的食物外,它们还保护我们免受疾病侵袭,中和消化过
程中的一些有毒的副产品,并使坏细菌更难在此安营扎寨。 简而言之,你的肠道不仅仅消化从奇
多到卡门培尔奶酪的所有食物。
但事实证明,肠道细菌也可能影响我们的感觉。 谁曾想到心理健康的下一个领域会通向卫
生间呢? 脑海中有了这幅生动的图像,我们就知道了我们的微生物群与我们的心理健康是有关
联的。
【答案精析】
名 词 边界 领域 图像 形象 器官 结果 后果
: H) frontier , ; J) image , ; N) organ ; O) result ,
动 词 提倡 影响 把 固定 携带
: A) advocate ; B) affect ; C) attached …… ; D) carries ;
连接 联结 收集 聚集
F) connected , ; I) gathers ,
形容词 消化的 不可替代的 神话的 虚构的
: G) digestive ; K) irreplaceable ; L) mythical ,
副 词 共同地 集体地 声名狼藉地
: E) collectively , ; M) notoriously
[答案]
26. L) mythical
125
· ·【精析】 空格位于 之后 名词 之前 故应填入形容词或名词作 的定语 根
that , seat , seat 。
据空格所在句上下文 心脏是灵魂所在处 但其实这只是传说中的 虚构的 是过去人们
, , 、 ,
认识上的谬误 故空格处应填入 神话的 虚构的
, L)mythical“ , ”。
[答案]
27. E) collectively
【精析】 空格位于过去分词 引出的独立结构之中 用于修饰 故应填入副
known , known,
词作状语 空格前列举了大肠和小肠 并说它们 称为 故空格处应填入
。 , 27 gut,
共同地 集体地
E)collectively“ , ”。
[答案]
28. D) carries
【精析】 空格位于主语 之后 句子没有谓语 故应填入动词作谓语 且应使用
Each of us , , ,
动词第三人称单数形式 该句意为 在我们的肠道里 每个人随时都 多达 磅
。 “ , 28 4.5
的细菌 由此推出谓语动词含有 携带 的意思 故空格处应填入 携带
”, “ ” , D)carries“ ”。
[答案]
29. A) advocate
【精析】 空格位于名词 之后 动名词 之前 故应填入动词作谓语 且
scientists , classifying , ,
应使用动词原形 上文提到这些细菌大多数都是对身体积极有益的 下文说要将这些微
。 ,
生物群进行某种分类 可知此处的动词应该是表明态度的 故空格处应填入
, , A)advocate
提倡
“ ”。
[答案]
30. N) organ
【精析】 空格位于 之后 故应填入名词和 共同作介词 的宾语 上文提
its own , its own as 。
到很多肠内的微生物都是有益身体健康的 再加上空格之前的 可知空格处应填
, its own,
入 器官 指这些微生物可被当成自己的器官来看待
N)organ“ ”, 。
[答案]
31. G) digestive
【精析】 空格位于定冠词 之后和名词 之前 故应填入形容词或名词作定
the process ,
语 从上文中的 和下文中的
, Aside from helping digest our food more than just digest
可知 作者此处主要谈及消化过程中微生物的作用 故空格处应填入
everything , , G)
消化的
digestive“ ”。
[答案]
32. B) affect
【精析】 空格位于情态动词 和宾语从句 之间 故应填入动词原形作谓
may how we feel ,
语 文章第一句就提到器官会影响人们的情绪 由其中的 易推知此处应使用其
。 , influence
近义词 故空格处应填入 影响
, B)affect“ ”。
[答案]
33. H) frontier
【精析】 空格位于定冠词 和形容词 之后 且动词 之后的从句中缺少主语
the next , knew
成分 故应填入名词 和空后的 作从句的主语 上文提到肠子对人们
, , in mental well-being 。
的情绪有影响 所以作者说 谁曾想到心理健康的下一个领域会通向卫生间呢 这是一种
, , ,
幽默的说法 故空格处应填入 边界 领域
, H)frontier“ , ”。
[答案]
34. J) image
【精析】 空格位于形容词 之后 且介词 之后缺宾语 故应填入名词作介词的
lively , With ,
宾语 上文调侃说关于心理健康的下一个领域要通向卫生间去了 此处作者继续幽默的
。 ,
说法 说这是一幅生动的图像 故空格处应填入 图像 形象
, , J)image“ , ”。
[答案]
35. F) connected
126
· ·【精析】 空格位于助动词 和介词 之间 且空格所在的从句中谓语成分不完整 故
are to , ,
应填入动词 且应使用过去分词形式 构成被动语态 本段中作者继续强调肠内微生物
, , 。
群与我们的心理健康有关联 考虑到其后的介词 故空格处应填入 连接
, to, F)connected“ ,
联结
”。
Section B
【参考译文】
运动对你的身心都有好处
) 运动的好处是众所周知的: 它可以帮助你延长寿命,降低患心脏病、中风和糖尿病的风
A
险。 周三发表在《柳叶刀精神病学》杂志上的一项新研究表明,适度饮酒也能改善心理健康。 研
究人员分析了来自美国疾病控制和预防中心分别在 年、 年和 年进行的一项调查,
2011 2013 2015
其中包括 万成年人的反馈。 根据这项研究,在过去一个月里,每个人精神健康状况不佳的平
120
均天数约为 天。 与不锻炼的人相比,在过去一个月里,锻炼的人“自我报告心理健康状况不
3.4
佳”的天数减少了 天,即 。 在这项研究中,不良的心理健康表现为压力、抑郁和情绪
1. 5 43%
问题。
) 达拉斯得克萨斯大学西南医学中心彼得·奥唐纳脑研究所抑郁症研究和临床护理中心
B
主任马杜卡尔·特里维迪博士说: “我认为,与所有其他治疗方法相比,当患者成功地以正确的强
度进行锻炼时,患者会产生一种自我效能感和自信心,这绝对是一件非常积极的事情。”他没有参
与这项研究,但最近在《美国医学会精神病学》上发表了一篇论文,将中年健身与较低的抑郁风险
联系起来。
) “我认为这是一件大事,”该研究的作者之一、耶鲁大学精神病学助理教授亚当·切克鲁
C
德说。 “即使每周只散步三次,似乎也比完全不运动对人们的心理健康有好处。 我认为从公共卫
生的角度来看,这很重要,因为它表明我们有可能对很多人的心理健康产生很大的影响。”
) 研究发现,锻炼的最佳时间是每周三到五次,每次 分钟。 每次锻炼超过 分钟,在效
D 45 90
果上并没有太大区别———直到某次锻炼时长超过 小时。 在那之后,与那些根本不运动的人相
3
比,这些人的心理健康状况似乎更差。
) “我认为这是有道理的,”切克鲁德说。 “如果你没有进行足够的锻炼,那么你大概就不会
E
获得生物学层面的锻炼,你大概也就不能让自己的身体经历一定的强度和变化,而你的身体需要
这些变化进而刺激大脑的变化。 在该领域的高端层面上,我们经常听说有些人对锻炼上瘾,或者
可能还有点儿非要把自己累垮的感觉。”
) 尽管与什么都不做相比,所有形式的运动都能带来更好的心理健康结果,但是从参与受
F
欢迎的团队运动(心理健康负担降低 )、骑自行车( )和其他有氧运动和健身房活
22% 22%
动( )的人身上发现了最强烈的联系。 研究人员发现,即使是完成家务,一个月内心理健康状
20%
况不佳的天数也会减少 左右。 特里维迪说: “集体锻炼可能比单独锻炼有更高的益处。 没
10%
有足够的证据来证明这一点,但这可能就是事实。”
) 至于骑自行车,还是 公司的首席科学家切克鲁德说:“运动有生理的益处。
G Spring Health
你的呼吸频率和心率都会加快,诸如此类的速率也都会加快。 但同时,这也是一个机会,你不用
工作很长一段时间,你可以把事情想清楚,也许可以重新评估你生活中发生的情况。”
) 作者调整了各种如年龄、种族、性别、婚姻状况、社会经济地位、教育、自我报告的身体健
H
康状况和以前的抑郁症诊断等身体和社会人口因素。 尽管如此,锻炼所带来的改善还是比其他
127
· ·任何可改变的社会或人口因素(如教育、体重指数或家庭收入)所带来的改善都要大。
) 报告中包含了 种“运动”,导致一些专家更喜欢用另一种标签来代替。 英国加特纳维尔
I 75
皇家医院的精神病学家加里·库尼博士在随文章发表的评论中写道: “在目前的研究中,我们发
现儿童看护、家务、修剪草坪、木工、钓鱼和瑜伽等活动都是锻炼的形式。 该研究采用的方法包罗
万象,与其说是运动研究,不如说是体育活动研究更为准确。”
) 库尼说,尽管这项研究据称是同类研究中规模最大的,而且“规模空前”,但它确实有一些
J
局限性。 他说,精神健康障碍并不是唯一的障碍,在研究和临床目的中,痴呆、药物滥用或人格障
碍等各种疾病都有不同的因素。
) 库尼写道: “精神健康和抑郁症之间存在着一种令人不安的可变性,就好像这两个概念
K
在功能上是等同的,或者其他精神障碍在某种程度上是次要的。”他还引用了作者选择研究之前
关于运动和抑郁症的研究。 因此,该研究可能为抑郁症研究提供最大的指导。
) “我认为这种特别的关注更多是学术上的关注,而不是实际的关注,”切克鲁德反驳道。
L
“我认为,我们不太关心这一点的部分原因是,我们知道抑郁和焦虑是最常见的心理健康状况。
当我们谈论心理健康时,大多数人都有情绪或焦虑障碍。 所以,确实有些人会患有精神分裂症或
躁狂性精神病,但这些疾病只占人口的很小比例。”他补充说:“在未来,我们可能会开始关注不同
的疾病类别,也许我们会看到不同的模式,但我认为,总的来说,这只是一种边缘情况。”
) 库尼说,由于调查的答案是自我报告的,患有精神分裂症、分裂情感性障碍或双相情感障
M
碍等疾病的人准确判断的能力可能会降低。
) 特里维迪说,研究的下一步是提出更详细的问题,并长期跟踪调查。 该研究的作者还建
N
议从 等可穿戴追踪器收集数据,以更精确地确定运动的频率、持续时间和强度与心理健康
Fitbit
负担之间的关系。
) 特里维迪说: “人们和病人实际上应该充分了解情况,成为知情的消费者,询问医生这对
O
他们来说是否是一种有效的治疗方法。 如果医生说是的,那么你就试着想出一个计划来确保像
任何其他治疗一样———如果你得到了药片,那么你就想办法定期服用。 如果你的医生和你决定
锻炼作为你的治疗方法,那么你就要制定策略,确保你基本上吞下了药片。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. D)
【精析】 题干中的
“1.5 and 3 hours were almost in the same mental health condition
与 段材料前两句
three quarters of an hour.” D “45-minute sessions three to five times a
相匹配 故选
week. There wasn’t a big difference90 minutes in a session” 。 D)。
[答案]
37. G)
【精析】 题干中的
“The chief scientist at Spring Health believes that people can consider
与 段材料第一句
things thoroughly or reassess what goes on in their life when cycling.” G “As
和 段材料最后一句
for cycling, Chekroud, who is also chief scientist at Spring Health” G
相匹配 故
“think things through, perhaps reevaluate situations that happen in your life.” 。
选
G)。
[答案]
38. I)
【精析】 题干中的
“prefers to use the label of physical activity instead of exercise in the
与 段材料第一句 相匹配 故选
report.” I “some experts preferring another label instead.” 。 I)。
128
· ·[答案]
39. M)
【精析】 题干中的
“Respondents with psychological problems like bipolar affective disorder
与 段材料
may be less able to make correct self-reports.” M “who have conditions like
相匹配 故
bipolar affective disorder, may have a diminished ability to do so accurately” 。
选
M)。
[答案]
40. A)
【精析】 题干中的
“the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, participants
与 段材料
without exercise felt stressful or depressed more of ten than those who exercised.” A
第三至五句
“The researchers analyzed responsestaken from a US Centres for Disease
Control and PreventionThose who reported exercising had about1.5, or43%, fewer days of
‘bad self-reported mental health’ in the past month compared to those who did not exercise.”
相匹配 故选
。 A)。
[答案]
41. L)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第二
“depression and anxietythey are edge cases.” L
句 和 段材料最后一句
“depression and anxiety” L “it’s kind of an edge case in this
相匹配 故选
situation” 。 L)。
[答案]
42. H)
【精析】 题干中的
“The contributionby changeable social or demographic factors was less
与 段材料最后一句
thanexercise.” H “Still the improvement seen from exercise was more
相匹配 故选
thanany other modifiable social or demographic factor” 。 H)。
[答案]
43. O)
【精析】 题干中的
“make a plan for exercise and perform it regularly like taking
与 段材料第二句
medicine.” O “try to figure out a plan to make sure like any other
相匹配 故
treatment—if you get pills, then you figure out a way to take them regularly.” 。
选
O)。
[答案]
44. B)
【精析】 题干中的 JAMA Psychiatry
“in is that keeping fit in middle age can reduce the
与 段材料最后一句 JAMA Psychiatry
incidence of depression.” B “in linking midlife fitness
相匹配 故选
with lower risk of depression.” 。 B)。
[答案]
45. F)
【精析】 题干中的
“Even doing housework can reduce about 10% of days of poor mental
与 段材料第二句
health every month.” F “Even completing household chores led to about a
相匹配 故选
10% drop in days of poor mental health in a month” 。 F)。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
世纪英国雕塑家亨利·西布森的回忆录中有线索表明,维克多·雨果的小说《巴黎圣母
19
院》中的悲情主角卡西莫多是基于一位历史人物塑造出来的。 西布森在这本书创作前后受聘于
巴黎圣母院,他描述说有一位驼背的石匠也在那里工作。
129
· ·人们在一栋位于康沃尔郡的房屋阁楼中发现了这些档案,之后,泰特档案馆于 年获得
1999
这些档案。 不过,直到今年档案馆成立 周年前夕,工作人员在给这些回忆录编目录时,才发现
40
其中提到了在巴黎圣母院工作的“驼背雕塑家”。
世纪 年代,西布森受承包商雇用修复巴黎圣母院大教堂,这个七卷本的回忆录记录了
19 20
他在巴黎度过的那段时光。 在工作期间,他遇上了雕工图拉真,图拉真在一位政府雕塑家手下工
作,关于这位政府雕塑家,西布森不记得他的名字,只知道他驼背,而且不喜欢与其他雕工待在一
起。 在之后的一个条目里,西布森再次提到这位雕塑家,这次回忆起他的名字为“ 先
Le Bossu
生”。 在法语中表示“驼背”。
Le Bossu
艾德里安·格鲁是泰特档案馆的档案保管员。 他发现了卡西莫多这个人物的现实原型。 他
说: “当我看到回忆录中提到在巴黎圣母院工作的驼背雕塑家,并看到日期与雨果对巴黎圣母院
表现出兴趣的时间相吻合时,我脖子后面的毛发都立了起来,我觉得我应该调查一下。”
雨果于 年开始创作《巴黎圣母院》,并于三年后完成此书出版。 他对巴黎圣母院的修复
1828
非常感兴趣,并把建筑风格作为小说的一个重要主题。 雨果曾公开反对最初由建筑家艾蒂安 伊
-
波利特·戈德主导的对巴黎圣母院的新古典主义修复计划———这正是西布森在回忆录中描述的
先生和图拉真在做的工作———而倾向于哥特风格的修复计划。 年《巴黎圣母院》的
Le Bossu 1831
出版使雨果成为法国最著名的作家之一,人们也普遍认为这部小说促成了 年巴黎圣母院的
1844
哥特式修复。 这次修复由建筑家尤金·奥莱 勒 迪克设计,他是雨果拥护的对象。
- -
沃里克大学法国研究室负责人肖恩·汉德教授是研究雨果的专家,他说: “这一发现令人着
迷。 许多学者试图将卡西莫多的畸形与某些疾病相联系,但是我从未看到任何人指出他也许是
以某位历史人物为原型创作出来的。 这听起来完全真实可信,如果雨果真是从这位在巴黎圣母
院工作的畸形石匠的身上获取了灵感,那就更使我们欣赏他令人惊讶的想象力,从现实生活中提
取素材,并使之成为文学杰作组成部分的能力。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 根据题干中的 定位到第一段
the memoirs of Henry Sibson 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位段提到 人们在 世纪英国雕塑家亨利 西布森的回忆录
。 , 19 ·
中发现的线索表明 雨果的小说 巴黎圣母院 中的人物卡西莫多并非作者的虚构想象
, 《 》 ,
而是有现实原型的 因此 答案为
。 , C)。
[答案]
47. D)
【定位】 根据题干中的 定位到第二段末句
the references to the hunchbacked sculptor 。
【精析】 事实细节题 第二段指出 这些文件最早是在康沃尔郡的一栋房屋阁楼上发
。 ,
现的 之后 泰特档案馆于 年获得这些档案 然而直到今年档案馆成立 周年前
, , 1999 , 40
夕 工作人员在给这些回忆录编目录时 才发现了卡西莫多的原型 因此 答案为
, , 。 , D)。
[答案]
48. D)
【定位】 根据题干中的 和 定位到第四段
Adrian Glew look into 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位段指出 当艾德里安 格鲁看到回忆录中提到这位在巴黎
。 , ·
圣母院工作的驼背雕塑家 并看到日期与雨果对巴黎圣母院表现出兴趣的时间相吻合
,
时 他觉得应该调查一下 因此 答案为
, 。 , D)。
130
· ·[答案]
49. A)
【定位】 根据题干中的 The Hunchback of Notre Dame 定位到第五段最
the publication of
后一句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句提到 巴黎圣母院 的出版不仅使雨果成为法国最著名
。 ,《 》
的作家之一 也使人们普遍认为它促成了 年巴黎圣母院的哥特式重修 题干中的
, 1844 。
是对定位句中 的同义转述 故答
was thought to result in was widely credited with prompting ,
案为
A)。
[答案]
50. B)
【定位】 根据题干中的 定位到最后一段
Professor Sean Hand 。
【精析】 推理判断题 最后一段提到 雨果研究专家肖恩 汉德认为 这一发现令人着
。 , · ,
迷 听起来也完全可信 如果雨果真是从这位石匠身上找到了写作的灵感 只能令人更欣
, , ,
赏他从现实生活中提取素材并使之成为文学杰作组成部分的能力 由最后一句中的
。
似乎是真的 可推断答案为
plausible“ ” B)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
美国拥有世界上最好的公立大学。 任何一个年轻人都不应因交不起学费而被大学拒之门
外;也不应为了获取学位而背上数十载偿还不尽的债务。 考虑到公平、阶级流动性和机会均等,
我认为慷慨的经济援助应该对所有有需要的学生开放,对他们而言,四年大学的文凭是实现美国
梦的最佳途径。
但我也知道,美国是由拥有大学文凭和白领背景的人所主导的———这些人过分看重他们自
己的成功之路,并令整个社会不肯接受那些以其他方式获得良好发展的人。 我们的精英往往会
忽视学徒、职业学校和在职培训等大学以外的教育的价值。 他们常常不能理解很多蓝领工作比
白领工作更有成就感、收入更丰厚、需求更大。 他们对于一些文化群体中的智慧也视而不见,在
这些文化圈中,如果年轻人不知道如何进行心肺复苏,不会帮助陌生人更换备胎,或不能与来自
不同社会阶层的人一起工作,并且因为他们的礼仪与加州大学或伯克利大学的礼仪不同而感到
生气,那他们将被认为是不具有“文化素养”的。
因此,相较于承诺免除学费,我倾向于一个更加全面的建议:如果大学文凭能使你充分发挥
潜能,那么不管你是什么种族、阶层或性别,你都应该去读大学并且不会因此欠下一屁股债;我们
都应重视大学里所做的重要工作。
在我所期待的未来,美国人首先应加倍致力于高中阶段的公民教育。 每一个获得高中文凭
的人都应已学完全部的所需技能,这些技能可以帮助他们作为公民积极参与到美国民治社会的
工作中来。 事实上,愿意学习美国公民学的成年人现在也应该获得这样的机会。
其次,对于每一个获得文凭或普通教育水平的人,我建议为他们的大学教育提供经济援助,
或进行类似的教育投资,帮助他们适应所选择的任何职业,只要他们证明自己的决定有理有据。
是的,我们需要对那些只想索取金钱而不愿回馈有价值的知识的骗子保持警惕。 但这个问题不
会比现在的状况更严重,因为现在大量投入公立大学的资金被滥用于行政部门或奢华的校园
设施。
最后,为了公平地对待那些选择高等教育以外的发展道路的人,我提议进行法律改革,消除
那些文凭至上主义的职业认证壁垒,以及消除本不需要学士学位的工作对文凭的要求。
131
· ·【答案精析】
[答案]
51. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第一段最后
The first paragraph realize personal value
一句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查关于实现个人价值的问题 定位段最后一句的后半部
。 。
分提到 对所有有需要的学生而言 要实现美国梦的最佳途径就是获得四年大学的文凭
, , ,
而所谓实现美国梦就是在美国实现个人价值 可见其最佳方式就是接受高等教育 故
, ,
为答案
D) 。
[答案]
52. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第二段
the elites 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查作者对社会精英的分析 定位段对掌控美国社会的精
。 。
英们进行了剖析 指出他们对自己的成功之路太过看重 因而在教育发展 职业选择 社
, , 、 、
会文化内容的理解方面都局限于将自己的价值观作为判断依据 可见作者认为他们的眼
,
界不够开阔 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
53. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第四段前两句
reinforce high school education 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查加强美国高中教育的目的 定位句提到 美国人应加
。 。 ,
倍致力于高中阶段的公民教育 每一个获得高中文凭的人都应已学完全部的所需技能
, ,
这些技能可以帮助他们作为公民积极参与到美国民治社会的工作中来 由此推测 加强
。 ,
高中教育的目的就是培养出有能力参与社会政治生活的合格公民 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
54. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第五段第一句
financial aid 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查作者对有效经济援助的建议 定位句提到 作者建议
。 。 , ,
给每一个获得文凭或普通教育水平的人 提供大学教育的经济援助或进行类似的教育投
,
资 目的在于帮助这些人恰当地选择职业 可见作者认为有效的经济援助需要帮助人们
, ,
进行职业选择 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
55. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文最后一段
the last paragraph 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查文章最后一段所做出的论断 作者在定位段中提出建
。 。
议 要求消除文凭至上主义的职业认证壁垒 还特别指出 消除本不需要学士学位的工作
, , ,
对文凭的要求 可见作者认为文凭要求要根据实际需要而设立 故答案为
, , D)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
There are two ways to drink Chinese tea: big bowls of tea give people a casual feeling and gongfu
tea makes people experience the tea ceremony. Gongfu tea is a skill of making tea with traditional
cultural features rather than a kind of tea or the name of tea, which was viewed as the elixir of life in
ancient China. People call it gongfu tea for the reason that its brewing process requires strict attention to
the teapot, tea leaves, water quality, and even how to make, how to pour and how to drink the
tea. Oolong tea is mainly used in serving gongfu tea because it can meet the requirements of the color,
aroma and taste of the gongfu tea.
132
· ·大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(五)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
C A C D D A B D D B C A B D D
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
D A C B B A C D A B H N C E D
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
O M J G K E K H L M A D J I K
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C A B B D B C B C A
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
Pets Should Not Be Kept in Dormitories
It is frequently reported that some college students keep pets in their dormitories. Attitudes towards
this phenomenon vary from person to person. Some people think it’s not a big deal, while others
maintain that’s unacceptable. As for me, I support the latter.
Firstly, keeping pets might imperil our health because pets may carry some potential bacteria which
can lead to serious diseases. What’s worse, some pets such as cats may attack people although they are
docile most of the time. Secondly, there is no doubt that it consumes a lot of time and money for the
keeper to raise a pet. Thirdly, it is forbidden to keep pets in most colleges. On balance, we should
obey the regulations and pay more attention to our study.
In conclusion, it is inappropriate for students to keep pets in dormitories. If you are an animal
lover, you can do something for the stray cats or dogs which are very easy to find on campus.
【参考译文】
不应在宿舍内饲养宠物
经常有报道称一些大学生在宿舍里养宠物。 对这种现象的态度因人而异。 有些人认为这没
什么大不了的,而另一些人则认为这是不可接受的。 至于我,我支持后者。
第一,养宠物可能会危害我们的健康,因为宠物可能携带一些会导致严重疾病的潜在细菌。
更糟糕的是,一些宠物,比如猫,可能会攻击人,尽管它们大部分时间是温顺的。 第二,毫无疑问,
饲养宠物会消耗饲养员大量的时间和金钱。 第三,大多数大学是禁止养宠物的。 总的来说,我们
133
· ·应该遵守规定,更加注重我们的学习。
综上所述,学生在宿舍里养宠物是不合适的。 如果你是一个动物爱好者,你可以为很容易在
校园里发现的流浪猫或流浪狗做点儿什么。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
Conversation One
W: Good morning, Dr. Harley. Thank you very much for coming on our radio talk. We know that
you are an applied linguist specializing in second language acquisition. Could you please tell
us what second language acquisition is?
M: Well, second language acquisition is that it happens when a child or adult has already become
competent at a language, and then they attempt to learn another.
W: Most people think it is difficult to learn another language. What are the reasons?
M: There are a number of reasons. First, research studies have shown that some aspects of
language learning, especially grammar, are more difficult beyond a certain age, say, after
around 12 years of age.
W: So age plays an important role in language learning.
M: Yes. But that’s not the only reason. For example, time and interest. Older children and
adults often have less time and motivation to learn a second language. Besides, we find that
learners will experience difficulty when their mother tongue and the second language they are
learning differ.
W: Perhaps this is the key issue. Differences between languages cause language learning
problems.
M: This may be one of the issues, but this cannot be the whole story, as not all differences
between languages cause difficulty. Research has found that many Czech speakers learning
English were puzzled by grammatical constructions in which the two languages do not differ.
W: Oh, really? The picture is more complicated than we’ve imagined.
M: Definitely yes. Each language learning situation is different. So reasons vary a lot from case to
case.
W: Dr. Harley, since learning a second language is a difficult process, are there any methods to
teach a second language?
M: Then again, no method is absolutely effective in all situations. I mean, it all depends on
specific conditions. But generally speaking, there are a number of methods that have been
used to teach a second language.
W: Could you mention one?
M: For instance, there is a traditional method. This method is based on translation from one
language to another and emphasizes grammar teaching.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
[答案]
C)
134
· ·2. Why is it difficult for older children and adults to learn another language?
[答案]
A)
3. What can we learn about Czech and English?
[答案]
C)
4. What does the man think of second language teaching methods?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
女:早上好,哈利博士。 非常感谢您收听我们的广播节目。 我们知道您是一位专门研究第二
语言习得的应用语言学家。 您能告诉我们什么是第二语言习得吗?
男:第二语言习得是指,当一个孩子或成人已经掌握了一门语言,然后他们试图学习另一门
语言。
女:大多数人认为很难学习另一种语言。 原因是什么?
男:原因有很多。 首先,研究表明,超出一定年龄之后,语言学习的某些方面,特别是语法,会
变得更困难,比如在大约 岁之后。
12
女:所以年龄在语言学习中起着重要的作用。
男:是的。 但这并不是唯一的原因。 例如,时间和兴趣(也起一定作用)。 年龄较大的儿童和
成人通常没有多少时间和动力去学习第二语言。 此外,我们发现当学习者的母语和他们
正学习的第二语言不同时,他们会遇到困难。
女:也许这就是关键问题。 语言之间的差异会导致语言学习问题。
男:这可能是问题之一,但并不是全部,因为并非所有语言之间的差异都会造成困难。 研究
发现,许多说捷克语的人在学习英语时,对两种语言没有区别的语法结构感到困惑。
女:哦,真的吗? 情况比我们想象的要复杂得多。
男:确实是的。 每种语言的学习情况是不同的。 所以不同情况的原因都不一样。
女:哈利博士,既然学习第二语言是一个困难的过程,有什么方法可以教第二语言吗?
男:话又说回来,没有一种方法在任何情况下是绝对有效的。 我是说,这要看具体情况。 但
一般来说,有许多方法被用来教授第二语言。
女:你能举一个例子吗?
男:比如,有一种传统的方法。 这种方法以一种语言到另一种语言的翻译为基础,强调语法
教学。
Conversation Two
W: Today I’d like to welcome Edward Fox, a seasoned real-estate agent, who is going to talk to
us about buying a house. Hello, Edward.
M: Hello.
W: Now, Edward, for most people buying a house is a major life event. What precautions do they
have to take before a real purchase?
M: As to me, the most important thing to consider before buying any property is the location.
W: Location?
M: Right. Because it is where you plan to spend a large part of your life, or, indeed, the rest of
your life in some circumstances. If you are a very sociable person who enjoys nightclubs and
135
· ·discos, you may consider something close to a city. Anyway, a city is convenient for all types
of nightlife.
W: Then, for those who seek a quiet life, do you recommend a house in the countryside?
M: Well, countryside is a tranquil place. However, do remember that proximity to the place of
work also counts. Indeed, we spend most of our life on work, and you don’t want to spend
two or more hours every day travelling to work, do you? Therefore, transport is of the utmost
importance. City suburbs, however, are often conveniently located for commuting to work, or
for shopping, without being in the heart of a busy city.
W: But houses in the suburbs are far more expensive than those in cities.
M: They seem to be, but actually houses located in cities can often exceed the price of suburban
houses. So check out the prices. You may be surprised.
W: Really? So we should consider our place of work and personality in choosing the location. Is
that so?
M: I’m afraid you have to take family into consideration as well. You may prefer a house that is
away from a busy street or main road. But remember that children have to attend school. If
you have children, or plan to have children, location is a very important factor. And of
course, remember that a family influences the size of the property.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What does the man say about the location of a house?
[答案]
D)
6. What location does the man suggest when considering transport?
[答案]
A)
7. What can we learn about suburban houses according to the man?
[答案]
B)
8. What can we learn from the conversation?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
女:今天我要欢迎经验丰富的房地产经纪人爱德华·福克斯,他将和我们谈谈买房的事。 你
好,爱德华。
男:你好。
女:爱德华,如今对大多数人来说,买房是一件人生大事。 在真正购买房子之前,他们必须采
取哪些预防措施呢?
男:对我来说,买房子之前最重要的是要考虑地理位置。
女:地理位置?
男:对的。 因为它是你计划度过自己一生中大部分时间的地方,或者,在某些情况下,实际上
是你的余生。 如果你是一个非常喜欢交际的人,喜欢夜总会和迪斯科舞厅,你可以考虑
靠近城市的地方。 不管怎样,城市适合各种夜生活。
女:那么,对于那些追求安静生活的人,你会推荐乡下的房子吗?
男:嗯,乡村是一个宁静的地方。 但是,一定要记住,离工作地点近也很重要。 的确,我们一
生中大部分时间都花在工作上,你不想每天花两个小时或更多的时间去上班,对吗? 因
136
· ·此,交通是最重要的。 然而,城市郊区通常位于上下班或购物的便利位置,而不是在繁忙
的城市中心。
女:但是郊区的房子比城市的贵得多。
男:看起来是这样,但实际上,城市里的房子往往比郊区的房子贵。 所以看看价格。 你可能
会感到惊讶。
女:真的吗? 所以在选择位置上,我们应该考虑我们的工作地点和个性。 是这样吗?
男:恐怕你还得把家庭因素考虑进去。 你可能更喜欢远离繁忙街道或主干道的房子。 但请
记住,孩子们必须上学。 如果你有孩子,或者计划要孩子,地理位置是一个非常重要的因
素。 并且,当然,记住,家庭会影响房产的大小。
Section B
Passage One
What is the best way to catch someone who is telling a lie? For a long time, the traditional method
of identifying liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if a person
appears to be nervous? What about other nervous movements, such as shifting from side to side? Many
people depend on this method. But does a person’s body and face reveal the truth? Not, according to a
new study.
Talking, it seems, is the best way to smoke out a liar. That is what researchers in the United
Kingdom found recently. Their investigation took place at one place where lying can get you into big
trouble—an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie
to airport security agents. Some of the agents used spoken conversation-based methods to question these
make-believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person’s body language, like lack of eye
contact and showing signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more
likely to catch the liars. The British government partly financed this study. The American Psychological
Association published the findings. The study found that these conversation-based techniques can help
you recognize when a person is lying to you. However, using body language and facial expressions to
catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, seemingly, by chance.
Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. In
an article on the APA website, he says that for actual passengers, they are “just chatting about
themselves. It shouldn’t feel like an interrogation”.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What is the traditional way of catching someone who is lying?
[答案]
D)
10. What is the best way to search out a liar according to the researchers in the UK?
[答案]
B)
11. What does the speaker say about identifying liars?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
辨别一个人说谎的最好方法是什么? 很长一段时间以来,识别说谎者的传统方法是观察他
们的肢体语言,包括面部表情。 如果一个人看起来很紧张怎么办? 其他紧张的动作呢,比如左右
137
· ·移动? 许多人依赖这种方法。 但是,一个人的身体和脸能揭示真相吗? 一项新的研究表明并非
如此。
谈话似乎是找出说谎者的最好方法。 这是英国的研究人员最近发现的。 他们的调查发生在
一个说谎会给你带来大麻烦的地方———机场。 研究人员要求志愿者假装自己是真正的乘客,然
后对机场安检人员撒谎。 一些工作人员使用基于口头对话的方法来询问这些假乘客。 其他工作
人员则依赖人的肢体语言,比如缺乏眼神交流和表现出紧张的迹象。 与乘客交谈的工作人员发
现说谎者的可能性要高出 倍。 英国政府为这项研究提供了部分资金。 美国心理学会公布了
20
这一发现。 研究发现,这些基于谈话的技巧可以帮助你识别一个人何时在对你撒谎。 然而,用肢
体语言和面部表情来识破一个人的谎言真的很难。 而且它似乎只是偶然才起作用。
托马斯·奥梅罗德是英国苏塞克斯大学心理学院的院长。 在美国心理学会网站上的一篇文
章中,他说,对真正的乘客来说,他们“只是在聊自己。 不应该感觉像审讯”。
Passage Two
Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safely by looking both ways for cars. But
do they also teach them to put away their cellphones? The city of Honolulu, Hawaii, wants everyone to
learn that lesson. Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city. Beginning on
＄ ＄
October 24, you could be fined from 15 to 99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your
phone.
Honolulu is the first major US city to ban what is called “distracted walking”. It recently passed a
law in a seven to two vote. The law says: “No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing
a mobile electronic device.” In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the street, or you
could be fined. The law’s creators hope it will lower the number of people hit and killed by cars in the
city. Mayor Kirk Caldwell told Reuters news agency: “We hold the unfortunate distinction of being a
major city with more pedestrians being hit in crosswalks, particularly our seniors, than almost any other
city in the country.” The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cellphones, tablet PCs,
gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop computers. The law does permit an exception. Pedestrians
may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters
and police officers.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. How do parents teach their children to cross the street safely?
[答案]
A)
13. How much will you be fined if you cross a Honolulu street while looking at your phone?
[答案]
B)
14. What is the purpose of Honolulu’s law of banning distracted walking?
[答案]
D)
15. What can we learn about the law?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
父母通常教他们的孩子如何通过看两边有没有车来安全过马路。 但是他们也教孩子们把手
机收起来吗? 夏威夷的檀香山市希望每个人都能吸取这一教训。 这个城市即将禁止在过马路时
138
· ·发短信。 从 月 日开始,如果你走在檀香山市的街道上时看手机,你可能会被罚款 美元到
10 24 15
美元不等。
99
檀香山是美国第一个禁止“走路分心”的大城市。 它最近以 票对 票通过了一项法律。 法
7 2
律规定:“行人不得在看移动电子设备时过马路或公路。”换句话说,过马路时不要看屏幕,否则你
会被罚款。 该法律的制定者希望它能降低城市中被汽车撞死的人数。 市长柯克·考德威尔对路
透通讯社说:“不幸的是,我们作为一个大城市,在人行横道上被撞的行人,尤其是老年人,比全国
几乎任何其他城市都要多。”该法律包括所有带屏幕的电子设备: 手机、平板电脑、游戏设备、数码
相机和笔记本电脑。 该法律确实允许例外。 行人可以在街上使用这种设备呼叫紧急服务和救援
人员,如消防员和警察。
Section C
Recording One
Hello, everyone, today I will talk about how to seek admission to a college or university.
In the US, most college applicants are high school students. Many are 17 or 18 years old. One
might ask how anyone at that age could know exactly the kind of field they want to work in for the rest of
their lives. Do they even want to work in the field they plan on studying? So how do young people begin
to make the first big step when applying for a college? Charlie Leizear, the director of first-year
admission at Occidental College, says his first suggestion to students is to look for help anywhere they
can find it. He says there is a lot of information available to students about how to both choose a college
and apply for admission. For one thing, he tells students to think about using their personal
connections—friends or family members who have attended a college. Also, most high schools in the
United States and many other countries employ guidance counselors for this exact purpose. A big part of
the job of a counselor is asking students what they want to do after high school. They ask these questions
to help students decide if a college is right for them, as well as identify what a student might want to
study.
But, where do students at schools having no guidance counselors turn for help? One resource
Leizear suggests is Education USA, a program supported by the US Department of State. This program
has offices in more than 170 countries. Education USA offers non-US citizens advice and information
about American colleges and universities. For example, most schools require students to take some form
of standardized test. This test shows a student’s level of academic performance. Also, in the case of
international students, it shows their English ability level. Education USA explains to students in foreign
countries how and where they can take standardized tests. The program also helps international students
apply for visas so they can live, study and possibly work in the United States. And, perhaps most
importantly, Education USA helps students find ways to pay for their education. Leizear says paying for
higher education can be the biggest barrier to college students, both in the United States and
overseas. Most US colleges and universities offer students some form of financial assistance. Leizear
warns college applicants against using services that ask for money and offer guaranteed acceptance into
top schools as a resource. Often these services cannot actually follow through on their promises.
139
· ·Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. Why does a guidance counselor ask students what they want to do after high school?
[答案]
D)
17. What do most American colleges and universities ask applicants to do?
[答案]
A)
18. What is the biggest problem for college students according to Leizear?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
大家好,今天我将谈谈如何寻求进入一所学院或大学。
在美国,大多数大学申请者都是高中生。 许多人只有 岁或 岁。 有人可能会问,在那个
17 18
年龄的人怎么可能确切地知道他们想在什么样的领域工作一辈子。 他们甚至想在他们计划学习
的领域工作吗? 那么,年轻人在申请大学时该如何迈出第一步呢? 西方学院一年级招生主任查
理·莱泽尔说,他给学生们的第一个建议是,在任何能找到帮助的地方寻求帮助。 他说学生们可
以获得很多关于如何选择大学和申请入学的信息。 首先,他告诉学生们要考虑利用他们的个人
关系———上过大学的朋友或家人。 此外,美国和许多其他国家的大多数高中都为此聘请辅导员。
辅导员工作的很大一部分是询问学生高中毕业后想做什么。 他们问这些问题是为了帮助学生确
定学生可能想学什么,以及决定大学是否适合他们。
但是,在没有辅导员的学校里,学生该向哪里寻求帮助呢? 莱泽尔建议的一个资源是美国教
育,这是美国国务院支持的一个项目。 该项目在 多个国家设有办事处。 美国教育为非美国
170
公民提供有关美国的学院或大学的建议和信息。 例如,大多数学校要求学生参加某种形式的标
准化考试。 这个考试显示一个学生的学习成绩水平。 此外,对国际学生来说,这也反映了他们的
英语能力水平。 美国教育协会向外国学生解释如何以及在哪里参加标准化考试。 该项目还帮助
国际学生申请签证,这样他们就可以在美国生活、学习甚至工作。 也许最重要的是,美国教育帮
助学生找到支付教育费用的方法。 莱泽尔说,无论是在美国还是在海外,支付高等教育费用可能
是大学生面临的最大障碍。 大多数美国学院和大学为学生提供某种形式的经济援助。 莱泽尔提
醒大学申请者不要使用收取费用并保证被顶尖学校录取的服务作为资源。 通常情况下,这些服
务并不能兑现它们的承诺。
Recording Two
Nigeria is home to a growing number of technology companies and young business leaders. Some
business leaders have been seeking government help for their startup companies. Recently, several
young entrepreneurs competed for a chance to tell President Muhammadu Buhari about their
companies. Nigeria’s technology sector is growing, in part, because of ambitious entrepreneurs like
Angel Adelaja, a Nigerian American. She is chief executive officer of a company called Fresh Direct
Nigeria. It seeks to reduce the country’s dependence on food imports by growing cabbage and other
vegetables in containers.
First Direct Nigeria is designed for the expanding class of health conscious people who live in the
city. A business called Grit Systems Engineering manufactures a device for measuring energy use. The
140
· ·company is the idea of Ifedayo Oludapo. “I am the founder of Grit Systems and what we make is a web-
enabled multisource energy monitoring device—kind of like a utility meter, but it measures power
consumption from all the different power sources you have, which is a big deal in an under-electrified
environment like Nigeria.” Emma Okene leads Tracology, another Nigerian company. He and his team
created a bar code that is placed on the front gate of a person’s home. By using a device that reads bar
code information, waste collection crews will be able to know if the home owner has paid for their
services.
A total of 30 tech entrepreneurs competed for the chance to meet with the Nigerian president and
vice president. Three were chosen, including Emma Okene of Tracology. He won a prize of more than
＄
8,000. Last week, the Nigerian economy entered into a recession for the first time in more than 20
years. Government revenue is sharply reduced because of the drop in oil prices worldwide. So the
government is interested in supporting technology companies, hoping they may be able to fuel the
economy. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg was at the competition last week. He spoke at the end of
his first visit to Nigeria. “You know, this trip has really blown me away by the talent of the
entrepreneurs and developers in this country and by the focus on building something that’s gonna make
a difference and gonna make a change. I think that if you keep on doing this you’re not only gonna
shape Nigeria and all of Africa, but the whole world.” Nigerian government officials hope one of the
startup companies can be as successful as Facebook.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. What can we learn about Fresh Direct Nigeria?
[答案]
B)
20. What is the device made by Grit Systems Engineering used for?
[答案]
B)
21. What does the speaker say about the Nigerian economy?
[答案]
A)
22. What does Mark Zucherberg think of the entrepreneurs and developers in Nigeria?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
尼日利亚拥有越来越多的科技公司和年轻的商业领袖。 一些商业领袖一直在为他们的初创
公司寻求政府的帮助。 最近,几位年轻的企业家竞逐向穆罕默杜·布哈里总统介绍他们公司的
机会。 尼日利亚的科技行业正在发展,部分原因是像尼日利亚裔美国人安吉尔·阿德拉贾这样
雄心勃勃的企业家。 她是 的首席执行官。 它试图通过在容器中种植卷心菜
Fresh Direct Nigeria
和其他蔬菜来减少国家对食品进口的依赖。
是为居住在城市中越来越多有健康意识的人设计的。 一家名为
First Direct Nigeria Grit
的企业生产一种测量能源使用的设备。 该公司是由 的想法创
Systems Engineering Ifedayo Oludapo
立的。 “我是 的创始人,我们制造的是一种可以联网的多源能源监测设备,有点儿像
Grit Systems
电表,但它可以测量你拥有的所有不同电源的用电量,这在像尼日利亚这样一个电力不足的环境
141
· ·中是一件大事。”艾玛·奥凯内领导着另一家尼日利亚公司 。 他和他的团队发明了一种
Tracology
条形码,可以贴在一个人家的正门上。 通过使用一种读取条形码信息的设备,垃圾收集人员将能
够知道房主是否支付了他们的服务费用。
共有 名科技企业家竞逐与尼日利亚总统和副总统见面的机会。 三位被选中,包括
30
的艾玛·奥凯内。 他赢得了 , 多美元的奖金。 上周,尼日利亚经济 多年来首次
Tracology 8 000 20
陷入衰退。 由于全球油价下跌,政府收入大幅减少。 因此,政府有兴趣支持科技公司,希望它们
能够推动经济发展。 创始人马克·扎克伯格上周也参加了比赛。 他在首次访问尼日利
Facebook
亚结束时发表了讲话。 “你知道,这次旅行真的让我被这个国家的企业家和开发者的才能以及他
们对建立一些能产生影响和改变的东西的关注震撼。 我认为,你们如果继续这样做,不仅会影响
尼日利亚和整个非洲,还会影响整个世界。”尼日利亚政府官员希望其中一家初创公司能像
一样成功。
Facebook
Recording Three
As experts warn of a coming food crisis, the vertical farming industry aims to create plants that
offer more nutritional value and require fewer resources. In vertical farms, plants are grown
indoors. Workers control the climate and closely monitor each plant’s growth. Vertical farm supporters
say the methods are good for the environment, and good for the world’s growing population. Experts say
the size of the vertical farming market is expected to quadruple over the next five years to nearly
＄
4 billion.
Because of the technology it has created, AeroFarms has become one of the top indoor-farming
companies. One of its vertical farms is in a large building near a busy road in Newark, New Jersey. It
grows more than 250 kinds of greens and herbs. Farmers wear gloves, coats and coverings on their
head. Their shoes must be cleaned. AeroFarms grows crops at the same rate throughout the year. The
methods it uses lower soil erosion. They also reduce the amount of pesticides and water needed to grow
the crops. The company says carbon emissions are heavily reduced and in some cases eliminated. David
Rosenberg is the co-founder and chief executive officer of AeroFarms.“We could do this whether it is in
the Sahara or a city like Newark,” he said. Alina Zolotareva is a dietitian and nutritionist at
AeroFarms. She says she wants people to eat more leafy greens like kale, one of the most nutritionally
dense foods. She says if her company is to successfully encourage this kind of healthy eating, it must
grow crops that taste good. “Americans especially don’t eat enough vegetables, and so for me the most
exciting part is all of the different flavors that we have here. It makes your eating vegetables so much
more exciting and so much more fun.”
Rosenberg said AeroFarms is helping the world deal with a growing food shortage. He said people
must change their focus from the number of calories they consume to the nutrition levels of the foods they
eat. Recent World Bank studies predict that an estimated global population of 9 billion in 2050 will
require at least 50 percent more food. Experts say the crisis will be worsened by climate change, which
they believe will reduce crop yields by more than 25 percent during that time. They say the food crisis
will have a larger effect on the world’s poorest citizens than on those who live in developed countries.
142
· ·Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. What does the speaker say about vertical farms?
[答案]
D)
24. What can we learn about AeroFarms?
[答案]
A)
25. What should people focus on in terms of food according to Rosenberg?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
随着专家对即将到来的粮食危机发出警告,垂直农业的目标是创造出提供更多营养价值、需
要更少资源的植物。 在垂直农场中,植物在室内种植。 工人们控制着气候,密切监视着每一株植
物的生长。 垂直农场的支持者表示,这种方法对环境有益,对世界上不断增长的人口也有好处。
专家表示,垂直农业市场的规模预计将在未来五年内翻两番,达到近 亿美元。
40
由于 创造的技术,它已经成为顶级的室内农业公司之一。 其中一个垂直农场位于
AeroFarms
新泽西州纽瓦克一条繁忙道路附近的一栋大楼里。 它种植了 多种蔬菜和草药。 农民们戴着
250
手套、外套和头套。 他们的鞋子必须洗干净。 一年四季都以相同的速度种植作物。 它
AeroFarms
使用的方法降低了土壤侵蚀。 它们还减少了种植作物所需的杀虫剂和水的数量。 该公司表示,
碳排放大大减少,在某些情况下甚至完全消除。 大卫·罗森伯格是 的联合创始人兼首
AeroFarms
席执行官。 “无论是在撒哈拉沙漠还是像纽瓦克这样的城市,我们都可以做到这一点,”他说。 阿
丽娜·佐洛塔列娃是 的营养师和营养学家。 她说,她希望人们多吃羽衣甘蓝等绿叶蔬
AeroFarms
菜,这是营养最丰富的食物之一。 她说,如果她的公司要成功地鼓励这种健康饮食,就必须种植
美味的作物。 “美国人尤其不吃足够的蔬菜,所以对我来说,最令人兴奋的是我们这里有各种各
样的味道。 它让你吃蔬菜变得更刺激,更有趣得多。”
罗森博格说, 正在帮助世界解决日益严重的粮食短缺问题。 他说,人们必须把注
AeroFarms
意力从摄入的卡路里数量转向所吃食物的营养水平。 世界银行最近的研究预测,到 年,估
2050
计全球人口将达到 亿,对粮食的需求将至少增加 。 专家说,气候变化将使这场危机恶化,
90 50%
他们认为,在此期间,粮食产量将减少 以上。 他们说,粮食危机对世界上最贫困居民的影响
25%
将大于对发达国家居民的影响。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
欧洲研究人员的一项新研究称,在过去的一个世纪里,西方国家的平均智商下降了
14. 1
个点。
研究人员在研究报告中写道: “在一项荟萃分析研究中我们使用高质量的工具来检验维多利
亚时代的人比现代人更聪明的假设,即测量简单的视觉反应时间。”该研究报告于周四发表在《智
力》杂志的网络版上。 “简单的反应时间测量与一般智力的测量有很大的相关性,被认为是认知
的基本测量。”
结果可能会让一些人感到惊讶。 特别是如果研究人员只是测量视觉反应时间。 毕竟,在一
个不断争夺我们注意力的数字世界里,人们似乎通常对视觉刺激的反应更快。 然而,结果似乎表
明了一些不同的东西。
143
· ·维多利亚时代大致从 年持续到 年,与英国维多利亚女王的统治时间一致。 一些人
1837 1901
认为, 年的《改革法案》开启了英国前所未有的和平与繁荣时代。 研究人员利用 年至
1832 1889
年的数据对结果进行了测量,并由布鲁塞尔的迈克尔· ·伍德利进行了分析。
2004 A
那么,为什么会出现如此稳定的下降呢? 正如合众国际社所指出的那样,之前的研究发现,
智商较高的女性平均生育的孩子更少,这意味着人口增长可能是由智商较低的女性推动的。 随
着时间的推移,大量智商较低的后代会影响整体智商的平均水平。 平均而言,这些人群的一般智
力每十年下降 个点。 研究称:“这些发现有力地表明,就一般智力而言,维多利亚时代的人
1.23
要比现代西方人聪明得多。”
【答案精析】
名 词 方面 认知 认识 假说 假设 后
: A) aspect ; C) cognition , ; H) hypothesis , ; J) offspring
代 子孙 方面 尊敬
, ; K) respect ,
动 词 爬升 增值 同时发生 竞争 争夺
: B) climbed , ; D) coinciding ; E) competing , ;
完成 结束 下降 下跌 尊敬 遵守
F) completing , ; G) dropped , ; K) respect ,
形容词 急剧的 猛烈的 持续的 稳定的 前所未有
: L) sharp , ; M) steady , ; O) unprecedented
的 史无前例的
,
副 词 微不足道地 非常小地 大大地 很大程度地
: I) insignificantly , ; N) substantially ,
[答案]
26. H) hypothesis
【精析】 空格前是 之后是 引导的同位语从句 因此此处应填入名词 此处
the, that , 。 the
说明该内容为特指 在上文已出现过 首段中 研究者提出 在过去的一个多世纪以来
, 。 , , ,
在西方国家人们的平均智力下降了 个点 这一观点就是空格处特指的内容 由此可
14.1 , ,
推知 该处是指验证这种假说或假设 故 为答案
, , H) 。
[答案]
27. N) substantially
【精析】 空格前后为动词词组 意为 和 相关 且空格所在句主
correlatewith, “ …… ”,
要语法成分齐全 故此处应填入副词 该处意为 简单的反应时间测量与一般智力的测
, 。 “
量有很大的相关性 由副词备选项可知 意为 大大地 很大程度地 符合
”, ,substantially “ , ”,
上下语义要求 故 为答案
, N) 。
[答案]
28. C) cognition
【精析】 空格前是介词 因此需要填入名词或动名词 该句提到通过简单反应时间
of, 。
测试可以测出智商 而简单反应的时间测量被认为是认知的基本测量 文中的
, 。
暗示此处应填入 认知 认识
intelligence C) cognition“ , ”。
[答案]
29. E) competing
【精析】 分析句子结构并根据空格前是副词 之后是 可知 此
constantly, for our attention ,
处应填入动词的分词形式 空格所在处修饰前面的 且该动词可与 搭
。 a digital world, for
配 备选项中只有 符合要求 为固定搭配 意为 争夺 故
, E) competing ,compete for , “ ……”,
为答案
E) 。
[答案]
30. D) coinciding
【精析】 空格前是一个完整的句子 根据语法判断 此处应填入动词的现在分词形式作
, ,
伴随状语 补充说明前面的句子 且填入的动词应与空格后的 搭配 备选项中只有
, , with 。
144
· ·符合要求 为固定搭配 意为 同时发生
D) coinciding ,coincide with , “ ”。
[答案]
31. O) unprecedented
【精析】 空格前为副词 其后为名词词组 故此处需填入
previously, peace and prosperity,
形容词 根据英国历史常识和空格后 和平与繁荣 可知 此处应填
。 peace and prosperity( ) ,
入 前所未有的 史无前例的
O) unprecedented“ , ”。
[答案]
32. M) steady
【精析】 空格前是不定冠词 其后是名词 故此处应填入形容词 此处指智商下
a, drop, 。
降的趋势 首段提到 下文 题提到
, 14. 1 points over the past century; 34 1. 23 points per
再结合全文主旨可知 智商下降的趋势不是 急剧的 猛烈的 只剩下
decade, , sharp“ , ”,
持续的 稳定的 故 为答案
steady“ , ”, M) 。
[答案]
33. J) offspring
【精析】 空格前是形容词 后面是动词 故此处需要填入名词 上
intelligent, would affect, 。
文提到 之前的研究发现智商更高的女性往往生的孩子少 这就意味着人口增长可能是
, ,
由智商较低的女性生的孩子多导致的 长久以来 大量智商较低的后代就影响了总体平
。 ,
均智商 故该处应填入 后代 子孙
, J) offspring“ , ”。
[答案]
34. G) dropped
【精析】 分析句子成分可知 空格处需要填入动词作谓词 而此句是对过去事实的描
, ,
述 因此需要填入动词的过去式 通过上下文可知 这些人群的一般智力是与日俱减的
, 。 , ,
因此 下降 下跌 符合语义
G) dropped“ , ” 。
[答案]
35. K) respect
【精析】 空格前是介词 之后是 故此处应填入名词 该处意为 就一般智力而
with, to, 。 “
言 维多利亚时代的人要比现代西方人聪明得多 为固定搭配 意为 关
, ”,with respect to , “
于 就 而言 故 为答案
, …… ”, K) 。
Section B
【参考译文】
营养食品真的更贵了吗? 如果是的话,那真的是问题所在吗?
) 没有人不同意:我们美国人吃得不好。 我们吃太多的卡路里,太多的高度加工食品,
A
而(吃的)蔬菜却远远不够。 为什么呢? 问这个问题,你就会得到很多答案,这对很多答案来说是
合适的,对像一个国家的饮食这样复杂的问题来说也是合适的。 但其中一个几乎每次都浮出水
面的答案是,营养食品的价格更高。 是这样吗? 这里有两个相关的问题。 第一个是经验性的:健
康食品更贵吗? 第二个是行为方面的:成本介于人们与更好的饮食之间吗?
) 用一种非常直接的方法来衡量,健康饮食确实花费更多。 你如果看一下每卡路里的成
B
本,(会发现)营养丰富的蔬菜和水果的平均成本远远高于无所不在的营养贫乏的卡路里来源:精
制谷物、糖和植物油。
) 平均而言,蔬菜比多力多滋等食品贵,但这并不意味着你必须放弃健康饮食的想法,转而
C
购买零食。 甜豌豆和芦笋可能会提高农产品的平均价格,但这类食品中也有不贵的卡路里。 想
想红薯。
) 一个普通的超市提供各种价格合理的卡路里,以满足使你的每日菜单的人均 美元以下
D 4
145
· ·的艰巨挑战,这是补充营养援助计划(非正式地称为食品券)的平均福利。 同样,还有 美分的
14
冷冻卷饼、 美分的牛肉馄饨罐头和 美分的热狗。 但最便宜的是方便面, 美分,这个价格让
17 10 6
我难以抗拒,我差点儿就买了一些。 虽然拉面很便宜,但它并不是杂货店里最便宜的卡路里来
源。 这一荣誉属于通用面粉和植物油,它们每 卡路里的热量都是 美分。
100 2
) 不管加工食品有多便宜,加工食品的原材料甚至更便宜。 而且,如果这些原材料对我们
E
来说如此便宜,想象一下它们对卡夫(食品公司)来说有多便宜。 如此便宜,以至该公司可以用它
们制造食品、包装、运输和销售,并且仍然以几分钱的价格出售。 即便如此,当你购买食材并自己
烹饪时,你几乎总是在成本方面做得更好,这也是升级到一份像样的食材可能比你想象的要便宜
的原因之一。 年的一项研究综述量化了健康与不健康饮食的价格,发现健康饮食每人每天
2013
的成本高出 美元。
1.48
) 虽然 美元听起来不足以对你的饮食质量产生太大影响,但它可以买到各种便宜而有
F 1.48
营养的主食: 花生酱、全谷物意大利面、全麦面粉、鸡蛋、燕麦片、珍珠大麦、玉米粉、糙米、干黑豆
和未爆的爆米花。
) 在那份清单中,我们找到了问题的症结所在。 你可以以与拉面竞争的价格做出健康的饭
G
菜,这些饭菜主要由米饭、豆类和全谷物组成。 如果你有时间和技巧,你可以把它们和更贵的食
物结合起来,比如鸡腿肉( 美分)、红薯( 美分)、胡萝卜( 美分)、冷冻玉米( 美分)、核
13 38 30 25
桃( 美分)、酸奶( 美分)或冷冻西兰花( 美分),每天花不到 美元就能吃得很好。
30 36 63 4
) 在我们继续之前,让我们花点儿时间谈谈补贴问题。 尽管农业补贴确实对主食价格产生
H
了影响,但与种植玉米和西兰花等不同作物的内在成本相比,这种影响就显得微不足道了。 在这
种特殊情况下,西兰花的种植成本是玉米的 倍。 同样值得注意的是,影响玉米和大豆的商品
50
计划也补贴了燕麦片、珍珠大麦、小扁豆、花生酱和全麦面包。 虽然我赞成改革这些项目,但它们
不能承担拉面的所有责任。
) 回到我们的鸡肉、胡萝卜和黑豆晚餐,回到预算非常有限的单亲妈妈,她面临着努力挤出
I
时间做饭的挑战,结果却让她的孩子抱怨他们真正想要的是方便面。
) 华盛顿大学中心主任亚当·德鲁诺夫斯基在一封电子邮件中告诉我,“肥胖几乎完全是一
J
个经济问题,健康食品的高成本是主要问题,”但他承认,金钱以外的因素也在起作用。 他特别提
到了两件事: 技能和时间,在资金短缺的情况下,这两件事能让你吃得很好。
) 所以,当然,用 的预算做一顿健康的晚餐是可能的,但所需的其他资源———时间和
K SNAP
技能———可能也很短缺。 托尼娅·南塞尔是尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱弗国家儿童健康与人类发展
研究所的高级研究员,她指出,如果成本是主要的障碍,我们可以预期高收入群体比低收入群体
吃得好得多。 “饮食质量的差异并没有那么大,”南塞尔说,尽管由于基于人们记忆昨天吃了什么
的能力的数据的局限性,很难确切地确定差异是什么。 年的一项研究试图量化这种差异,结
2013
果发现,收入最低的人群确实比最富有的人群吃的营养更少,但你如果把收入最低的人群和收入
最高的人群进行比较,(会发现)他们的饮食非常相似。 直到你达到贫困水平的五倍,饮食才会有
所改善,即便如此,这也不是一个很大的飞跃。 如果成本是不良饮食的主要驱动因素,我们预计
显著的收入增长将与饮食的显著改善相对应,特别是因为每天 美元就能实现有意义的
1. 48
改善。
) 与我交谈过的人都认为成本是个问题。 同样,没有人质疑便利和偏好也是问题。 但很难
L
146
· ·说什么是最重要的。 “比起糙米,大多数人更喜欢拉面的味道。 他们更喜欢薯片而不是羽衣甘
蓝,”南塞尔说。 “事实上,我们宁愿不去考虑其他一些原因,这是成本受到如此关注的部分原
因。”食物不仅仅是营养。 南塞尔说,食物是一种快乐,是收入非常低的人很少有来源的东西。 她
补充说,那并不意味着我们不应该在政策层面解决成本问题。 “如果我们能让健康食品变得更便
宜、更容易获得,我们就应该这么做。”
) 把成本看作吃得好的障碍比把偏好看作吃得好的障碍要舒服得多,因为偏好有责备受害
M
者的味道。 我们糟糕的饮食习惯是强加给我们的,穷人是最易受影响的,这种想法回避了这个问
题。 但是,除非我们承认我们———富人和穷人———是食物供应的同谋,我们每次购买自己想要吃
的食物时都在帮助塑造它,否则我们不太可能改善它。
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“A study indicates that no significant price” E)
相匹配 故选
“A 2013 review of studies quantifying the price” 。 E)。
[答案]
37. K)
【精析】 题干中的
“in diet quality between the rich and the poor are not as obvious as
与 段材料第三句
expected.” K) “‘The difference in diet quality isn’t that big,’ says
相匹配 故选
Nansel” 。 K)。
[答案]
38. H)
【精析】 题干中的
“Compared with the farm subsidies, the built-in costsimpact on the
与 段材料第二句
price of staples.” H) “Although farm subsidiesimpact on the price of
相匹配 故选
staples, that impact is dwarfed by the inherent costs of” 。 H)。
[答案]
39. L)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“For the poor, food can bring satisfaction and a sense of pleasure”
段材料倒数第三句 相匹配 故
L) “Food is pleasure, something very-low-income people” 。
选
L)。
[答案]
40. M)
【精析】 题干中的
“It’s easier to blame on costs and other external factors than on our own
与 段材料第一句
preference for food for our unhealthy diet.” M) “Looking at cost as a barrier
to eating well is much more comfortable than looking at preference, which smacks of blaming
相匹配 故选
the victim.” 。 M)。
[答案]
41. A)
【精析】 题干中的
“the main reason for the American’s unhealthy eating habits is the cost
与 段材料第五句
of nutritious food.” A) “But one of the answers thatis that nutritious food
相匹配 故选
just costs more.” 。 A)。
[答案]
42. D)
【精析】 题干中的
“No food is cheaper than all-purpose flour and vegetable oil as sources of
与 段材料最后两句
calories in a common supermarket.” D) “ramen isn’t the cheapest
source of calories at the grocery store. That honor belongs to all-purpose flour and vegetable
147
· ·相匹配 故选
oil” 。 D)。
[答案]
43. J)
【精析】 题干中的
“was the leading reason of obesity, but it can be compensated by skill
与 段材料最后一句
and time.” J) “He mentions two in particular: skill and time, which can
相匹配 故选
feed you well if money is in short supply.” 。 J)。
[答案]
44. I)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“will find her kids would rather eat instant ramen.” I) “only
相匹配 故选
to have her kids complain that what they really want is instant ramen.” 。 I)。
[答案]
45. K)
【精析】 题干中的
“Having time and cooking skill, one could enjoy a wholesome meal on a
与 段材料第一句
very limited budget.” K) “So, sure, it’s possible to make a healthful dinner
on a SNAP budget, but the other resources required—time and skill—may be in short supply
相匹配 故选
as well.” 。 K)。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
年 月 日的夜晚,几十名马萨诸塞州的殖民者悄悄登上了三艘船,把价值相当于现
1773 12 16
在近 万美元的英国茶叶倾入波士顿港。
100
这些自由之子,脸上涂着油彩,乔装成美洲土著居民。 他们几乎不说话,以防暴露身份。 “大
家皆达成共识,每个人自愿提供服务,保守秘密,并承担一切后果,”其中一人写道。 此法行之有
效。 只有一个人被抓住了。
如果英国人使用了现代监视技术会如何? 如果他们使用了人脸识别技术又会如何?
从波士顿倾茶事件到《常识》的印刷,能表达异议———并且匿名而为———曾对美国的建立极
为重要。 匿名并非奢求:主张脱离英国王室曾是犯罪。 把英国茶叶倾入波士顿港曾是犯罪。 这
一趋势持续至今。 我们的历史充满了这种时刻:做正确的事是“犯罪”,做不公正的事却合法。
然而,打击犯罪的最新工具可能令人们无法匿名。 历史上,监视技术已追踪了我们的科技产
品:我们的汽车、电脑和电话。 人脸识别技术则追踪我们的身体。 不同于指纹识别和 分析,
DNA
人脸识别技术旨在远距离秘密地识别我们。
人脸识别技术不仅与搜寻恐怖分子有关。 它还涉及搜寻公民。 只要有驾照,超过半数的美
国成年人被录入罪犯脸部识别网。 虽然细节模糊不清,但巴尔的摩县的警方使用了人脸识别技
术确认抗议弗雷迪·格雷之死的民众身份。
随着执法机关开发出越来越强大的监视工具,我们要扪心自问:我们是在建立一个不能匿名
发表异议的世界吗? 一个英国茶叶仍漂浮在波士顿港时自由之子就逐个受到传讯的世界吗?
这些问题的答案都是“不”。 在关于加密和交流中需要隐私及安全的激烈讨论之中,人们很
容易认为这些问题的解决方法将来自硅谷。 但它们并不会。 你能加密你的硬盘。 你能加密你的
电子邮件和短信。 但你无法加密你的脸。
也许会有避开人脸识别的技术手段。 碰巧的是,其中的一种与自由之子装扮的面部彩绘相
148
· ·呼应。 但人脸识别技术对自由造成的威胁不会通过对默认设置的一个简单改变就得到解决。 只
有通过国会和各州立法机关的艰难对话以及立法才能得以解决。
“文字和言谈不足以证明我,”沃尔特·惠特曼在他的《自我之歌》中写道。 “我脸上摆着充
足的证据和其他一切。”我们已经逐渐习惯了技术和通讯的监控。 但对于我们身体的跟踪却不一
样,有些棘手和不祥的感觉。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项定位到原文第一 二段
the event of Boston Tea Party 、 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查波士顿倾茶事件的相关信息 第四段第一句提到波士
。 。
顿倾茶事件 结合上文可知 第一 二段介绍了该事件的具体内容 第
(Boston Tea Party), , 、 。
二段前两句提到 这些自由之子 脸上涂着油彩 乔装成美洲土著居民 他们几乎不说
, , , 。
话 以防暴露身份 由此可推知 这些参与者竭尽全力隐藏他们的身份 故答案为
, 。 , , C)。
[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第四段
the fourth paragraph 。
【精析】 主旨大意题 本题考查作者写第四段的目的 该段开篇通过两个历史事件引
。 。
出匿名表达的重要性 接着阐述原因 主张脱离英国王室曾是犯罪 把英国茶叶倾入
, ——— ,
波士顿港曾是犯罪 接着指出历史充满了这种不公正的时刻 因此 作者意在表明当做
, 。 ,
正确的事是犯罪时 匿名表达异议至关重要 故答案为
, , A)。
[答案]
48. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第五段
tools ability to be anonymous 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查令人们无法匿名的工具 该段第一句提到 打击犯罪
。 。 ,
的最新工具可能会令人们无法匿名 第三 四句指出与指纹识别和 分析不同 人脸
。 、 DNA ,
识别技术追踪我们的身体 能在远距离秘密地识别我们 由 和
, , tracks our bodies identify us
可知 使人们无法匿名的是人脸识别技术 故答案为
from far away and in secret , , B)。
[答案]
49. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第六段
Baltimore County police 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查作者在第六段中所举例子的用途 通常来讲 例子支
。 。 ,
撑其所在位置前后的观点 作者在该段前两句提到人脸识别技术不仅与搜寻恐怖分子
。
有关 它还涉及搜寻公民 紧接着第三句中指出只要有驾照 超过半数的美国成年人被
。 。 ,
录入罪犯脸部识别网 随后以巴尔的摩县的警方为例 阐述了人脸识别技术被用于确认
。 ,
抗议弗雷迪 格雷之死的民众身份 故答案为
· , B)。
[答案]
50. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文倒数第二段最后两句
The threat can only be solved 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查人脸识别技术对人类造成的威胁的解决方法 该段最
。 。
后一句提到只有通过国会和各州立法机关的艰难对话以及立法才能得以解决 结合上一
,
句可知 该句中的 是指人脸识别技术对自由造成的威胁 故答案为
, It , D)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
飓风哈维将 万亿加仑降水,大约是 , 万个奥林匹克游泳池的水量,倾泻在德克萨斯
17 2 600
州,创下了美国热带天气系统的新高,但这一纪录并不大可能长久保持,因为不断增长的人为排
149
· ·放将全球气候推入前所未知的领域。
得克萨斯州街道洪水泛滥的情景与印度和孟加拉的洪泛社区、最近塞拉利昂的泥石流和上
个月中国长江支流致命的洪水景象极为相似。 某种程度上讲,这些灾害是季节性的且其影响取
决于当地因素。 但是,科学家称由于全球气温的升高和强降雨的增多,这样的极端天气可能会变
得越来越普遍且破坏性更强。
我们的星球进入了一个记录不佳的时代。 在过去的三年中,气温每年都达到气象学创立以
来,乃至过去 万年中的新高。 空气中的二氧化碳含量达到了 万年中的最高值。 这并不会
11 400
导致像哈维这样的风暴———墨西哥湾沿岸每年这个时节总是会有风暴和飓风的———但这令这些
风暴更加剧烈、含水量更高。
“对于像美国这样的大国,我们能够预计到更高的降水纪录———还不仅仅是因为飓风,”牛津大
学环境变化学院副主任弗里德里克·奥托说。 这是广泛趋势的一部分。 “对全球而言,在可预知的
未来,我们还将会看到酷暑和极端降雨记录,”她预言道。 她提醒说每个国家的情况可能有所不同。
尽管涉及多种因素,但是人类对气候的影响增加了严重旱灾和剧烈风暴发生的可能性。
当前关注的焦点在于气候变化是否与风暴的“驻留”有关。 在美国,飓风时常会转移到内陆,
并随着其远离海洋而降低强度。 然而,哈维却停了数天———这也是它降水量创纪录的原因。
科学家说,这可能就是哈维带来的一个最大的问题。 研究人员最近认定中纬度地区夏季大
气环流缓滞的原因就是北冰洋的急剧升温。 但是,这些关于气压结构的研究需要包括超级计算
机在内的更加强大的分析工具。
但是在美国,这样的研究已经变得极富政治色彩。 唐纳德·特朗普总统已宣布美国将退出
巴黎气候协定,并减少相关研究的基金。 “要了解像哈维这样的事件未来将会变得有多频繁,这
不应该是个政治事件,”牛津大学的教授提姆·帕尔默说。 “基础科学如此卷入政治之中实在令
我震惊。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第一段
Hurricane Harvey 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查关于飓风哈维的信息 由定位段可知 飓风哈维给德
。 。 ,
克萨斯州带来了大量的降水 创下了美国热带天气的新高 可见其降水量是破纪录的 故
, , ,
答案为
B)。
[答案]
52. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第二段
Para. 2 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查作者列举近期一些重大灾害的目的 作者在第一段中
。 。
着重介绍了哈维的强度和破纪录的雨量 而定位段中转而介绍了近期其他地区的同类灾
,
害 并在定位段末句中指出 科学家警告人们这样的极端天气可能会变得更加普遍且破
, ,
坏性更强 可推知作者列举之前的例子就是为了给这个论断提供佐证 故答案为
, , C)。
[答案]
53. B)
【定位】 由题干中的人名关键词 定位到原文第四段前三句
Otto 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查对奥托观点的理解 定位段第一句提到 奥托认为在
。 。 ,
像美国这样的大国 还会出现更高的降雨记录 而随后一句中继续论述称 在可预知的未
, , ,
来 全球范围内酷暑和极端降雨记录还会刷新 可见她认为从现在开始 可能会出现更多
, , ,
的极端气温与降水 故答案为
, B)。
150
· ·[答案]
54. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第五段第一句
“stalling” of storms 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查对异常天气产生原因的分析 定位句提到 气候变化
。 。 ,
可能与风暴的 驻留 有关 第六段第二句说明 中纬度地区夏季大气环流缓滞的原因就
“ ” , ,
是北冰洋的升温 而第四段末句指出 尽管极端天气可能与诸多因素有关 但是人类活动
, , ,
对气候的影响加重了灾害 由此可推知 风暴 驻留 造成极端天气的现象 其根本原因
。 , “ ” ,
有可能就是不恰当的人类活动 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
55. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文最后一段第二句
President Trump’s 。
【精析】 观点态度题 本题考查科学界对特朗普总统有关退出巴黎气候协定并减少研
。
究经费的反应 定位句提到 特朗普总统已经宣布美国将退出巴黎气候协定 并且减少
。 , ,
相关研究的基金 而学术界对此的看法主要从作者在最后一段引用的学者帕尔默的话中
,
可以推知 帕尔默说研究天气变化不应该是一个政治事件 并认为基础科学卷入政治之
, ,
中令人震惊 可见 学术界对特朗普总统的决定持批评态度 故答案为
。 , , A)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
Dining in China is featured with courtesy and manners. From seating arrangements to the sequence
of courses to be served and from who to initiate the dinner to when to leave the table—everything is
clearly defined. At the Chinese dinner table, the medial position facing the door is for the VIP, and the
courses are served in the cold-to-hot and simple-to-complex order. Eating won’t start until the person
sitting right in the middle has a taste of the food. At the dinner table, the Chinese hospitality is at its
best and interpersonal relationships tend to deepen when wineglasses are raised. At the outset of the
eating, the host, as a rule, delivers a short speech of welcome before he toasts his guests. He drinks his
wine up and his guests follow suit.
大学英语六级考试绝密押题试卷(六)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
B B A D B B B A D C A C A C D
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
B C D A C A D C A B K N A J H
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
I F D E M J H E C F G I A B D
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
B C B A C C B A D C
151
· ·Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
My View on Social Skills
There is no doubt that among all the important skills of human beings, social skills are definitely
one of the most important, especially in the workplace. Just as the saying goes, “The pleasure of
association is the base of life.” The quotation from a famous French writer, Andre Maurois, emphasizes
that the value of social skills should not be underestimated if we want to enjoy a comfortable life.
Statistics show that one’s career success depends heavily on his or her social skills. Those who possess
excellent social skills are more likely to establish a good relationship with their partners, which naturally
result in a successful career.
Given that social skills play such an essential role in our work, what should we do to improve our
social skills? Firstly, pay attention to your own means of communication with others. Find out which
behavior patterns and situations make you uncomfortable. Besides, think about how you can change
your own behavior and turn it into a positive experience. Secondly, listen to what our interlocutors are
saying carefully. Try to respect them and do not interrupt their words. It’s polite to listen to their
complete words and then respond. Thirdly, it is advisable for us to put ourselves in others’ shoes and
understand them, which can help us clear up the misapprehensions that hinder our work.
All in all, one’s performance at the workplace is closely related to efficient social skills. If we are
to succeed in career, we must improve our social skills.
【参考译文】
我对社交技能的看法
毫无疑问,在人类的所有重要的技能中,社交技能绝对是最重要的技能之一,尤其是在工作
场所。 正如俗话所说,“交往的乐趣是生活的基础。”法国著名作家安德烈·莫鲁瓦的隽语强调,
如果我们想享受舒适的生活,就不应低估社交技能的价值。 统计数据显示,一个人的职业成功在
很大程度上取决于他或她的社交技能。 那些拥有优秀社交技能的人更有可能与同伴建立良好的
关系,这自然会带来成功的职业生涯。
既然社交技能在我们的工作中发挥着如此重要的作用,我们应该如何提高自己的社交技能
呢? 首先,注意自己与他人的沟通方式。 找出哪些行为模式和情况让你感到不舒服。 此外,想想
如何改变自己的行为,并将其转化为积极的体验。 第二,认真倾听对话者的发言。 尽量尊重他
们,不要插嘴。 听他们说完自己的话,然后再回应,这是礼貌的。 第三,设身处地为他人着想并理
解他人是明智的,这可以帮助我们消除阻碍我们工作的误解。
总而言之,一个人在工作场所的表现与高效的社交技能紧密相关。 如果我们想在事业上取
得成功,我们就必须提高自己的社交能力。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
Conversation One
M: I don’t understand it.I got a notice from the bank that I had two rubber checks. I’ve never
had an overdraft before.
152
· ·W: That doesn’t sound like you. You’re always so careful with your money.
M: I am! I don’t understand what happened.
W: Let me take a look at your bank statement. OK, here are your deposits and withdrawals from
last month. Do you know that your bank charges you a fee just to have a checking account? It
looks like you also have a minim balance requirement. If you fall below that, you get charged
a fee.
M: I don’t know that.
W: If it’s like my checking account, you can avoid that by getting a direct deposit for your
paycheck. Do you also know that you get charged every time you use your ATM card to make a
purchase?
M: I don’t know that! It is all rather unbelievable.
W: Well, that’s what happened. Your bank is charging you fees for all those things and after
those fees were deducted, you were left with less money in your account than you thought.
M: That’s too much! How could they do that?
W: They count on you not reading the terms and conditions and not looking closely at your
statements.
M: I’ve had it! I’m moving banks.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What happened to the man?
[答案]
B)
2. What does the woman explain about the bank’s fees to the man?
[答案]
B)
3. How can the man avoid getting charged a fee?
[答案]
A)
4. Why doesn’t the man know these fees the woman refers to?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
男: 我不明白。 我收到银行的通知说我有两张空头支票。 我以前从未发生过透支。
女: 这听起来不像你(做的事)。 你一直不乱花钱。
男: 是的! 我不明白发生了什么。
女: 让我看一下你的银行结单。 好的,这是你上个月的存款和取款。 你知道你的银行只是因
为你开了一个活期存款账户而向你收了一笔费用吗? 看起来你也有最低余额要求。 如
果你低于这个标准,就会被收取费用。
男: 我不知道这事。
女: 如果与我的活期存款账户一样,你可以通过直接将工资转入银行账户来避免收费。 此
外,你知道你每次使用自动提款机采购都会被收取费用吗?
男: 我不知道! 这一切都令人难以置信。
女: 事情就是这样。 你的银行正在向你收取所有这些费用,在扣除这些费用后,你的账户里
剩下的钱比你想象的要少。
153
· ·男: 太过分了! 它们怎么能那样做?
女: 它们确信你不阅读条款,也不仔细查看你的结算单。
男: 我受够了! 我要换银行。
Conversation Two
M: As we probably know, log structures are gaining popularity. We can find those structures
around the countryside.
W: Actually, log structures are no longer just the simple country homes that we think of as the
traditional log cabin. Some senior homes now incorporate natural round logs in blocking beams
and walls.
M: People seem to think that the round logs give their homes a pleasant warm atmosphere.
W: Yes, and even people who want to build a traditional log cabin on their own can buy
equipment with precut logs that fit together like pieces of a puzzle.
M: Before showing us some slides of modern log houses, would you like to give us a little historical
background on the subject?
W: Of course, I would like to. Log cabins were first built in the late 1600s along the Delaware
River Valley. The European immigrants who settled there brought centuries’ old traditions of
working with logs.
M: In that heavily wooded area logs were the material in hand.
W: Log cabins were the most popular in the early 1800s with the settlers who were moving
west. They provided the answer to the pioneers’ need for a sale and sliding boards for
windows.
M: Actually, these log buildings can meet the demands of different kinds of people.
W: Well, the log buildings that have probably most influence on modern architects are those of the
mountain retreats of wealthy New Yorkers. These country houses which were popular in the
early 1900s represent what’s known as the modern style.
M: Thank you for your description. Now let’s look at those slides.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What did the log structures refer to originally?
[答案]
B)
6. Where did the log cabins appear first?
[答案]
B)
7. Why did the early immigrants build houses with logs in Delaware?
[答案]
B)
8. What are the two speakers going to do next?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
男: 正如我们可能知道的,木结构建筑物越来越受欢迎。 我们可以在乡村发现那些建筑。
女: 事实上,木结构建筑物不再只是我们认为的传统原木小屋那样简单的乡村住宅。 现在一
些高级住宅在挡梁和墙壁中加入了天然圆木。
154
· ·男: 人们似乎认为圆木给他们的家带来了愉快而温暖的气氛。
女: 是的,即使是想自己建造一栋传统原木小屋的人,也可以购买配有预先切割好的原木,这
些原木就像拼图玩具的各部分一样可以拼合在一起。
男: 在给我们看一些现代原木小屋的幻灯片之前,你能给我们提供一些关于这个主题的历史
背景吗?
女: 当然,我愿意。 原木小屋最早是在 世纪末沿着德拉瓦河谷建造的。 定居在那里的欧
17
洲移民带来了数百年来使用原木的传统。
男: 在那片树木茂密的地区,原木就是可供使用的材料。
女: 原木小屋在 世纪初最受向西迁移的定居者欢迎。 它们满足了拓荒者的销售需求,并
19
提供了用于窗户的移动滑板。
男: 事实上,这些原木建筑可以满足不同类型的人的需求。
女: 嗯,对现代建筑师影响最大的原木建筑可能是那些富裕的纽约人的避暑山庄。 这些在
世纪初流行的乡村住宅代表了所谓的现代风格。
20
男: 谢谢你的描述。 现在让我们看一下这些幻灯片。
Section B
Passage One
When caught in pouring rain without an umbrella, most people pick up their pace. But an old tale
advises that a person who runs in the rain gets wetter than one who walks. It sounds reasonable that
when someone runs up and down, the body is exposed to more drops of water. But several studies have
put this saying to the test and found it is not true. One such test was carried out in 1987 and was
European Journal of Physics
published in magazine. The Italian physicist who did the experiment said
that if the distance is short enough, running gets a person less wet than walking. But running only keeps
you about 10 percent drier. That is to say, running isn’t worth the effort. Perhaps the final word came
from two American scientists at the National Climatic Data Center recently. They thought that earlier
studies overestimated the average walking pace. So, they did a much more careful experiment than any
of the previous ones. They noticed that the direction of the wind really matters to the results of the
experiment. They also found that runners like to lean forward, hiding the front of their bodies from rain,
but exposing the back. Over a distance of 100 meters, they found that running in heavy rain kept them
drier by as much as 40 percent. The bottom line is running in the rain probably keeps you drier than
walking. But do remember to take an umbrella with you!
For long distances, without an umbrella, the results are the same, no matter you run or walk.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What should people do when caught in the rain according to the old tale?
[答案]
D)
10. What can we infer from the test in 1987?
[答案]
C)
11. What’s the limitation of previous experiment according to the two American scientists?
[答案]
A)
155
· ·12. What’s the best way to avoid being wet?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
当遇到倾盆大雨而没带伞时,大多数人都会加快脚步。 但一个老故事告诉我们,在雨中奔跑
的人比步行的人淋得更湿。 当人来回奔跑时,身体会暴露在更多的水滴中,这听起来很合理。 但
几项研究对这句话进行了检验,发现它不符合事实。 年进行了一次这样的测试,并发表在
1987
《欧洲物理杂志》杂志上。 做这项实验的意大利物理学家说,如果距离足够短,与步行相比,奔跑
会使人淋湿的程度更低。 但是跑步只会使你的干燥程度增加 。 也就是说,跑步并不值得做。
10%
最近也许两位国家气候数据中心的美国科学家给出了定论。 他们认为早期的研究高估了平均步
行速度。 因此,他们进行了一个比以前任何一个(实验)都细致的实验。 他们注意到风向对实验
结果非常重要。 他们还发现,跑步者喜欢身体前倾,把身体的前部藏起来避雨,但把背部露出来。
在一段 多米的距离上,他们发现在大雨中奔跑可以使他们保持 的干燥。 最重要的是,在
100 40%
雨中奔跑可能会让你比走路更干燥。 但是一定要记得带上雨伞!
对于没有雨伞的长距离来说,无论你是奔跑还是步行,结果都是一样的。
Passage Two
多用途的
Suppose someone invented a gift card so versatile( ) that it could be used almost
anywhere to buy almost anything. This gift card would be good forever and would be accepted in many
男式游泳
foreign countries. You could bend it in half—or even leave it in the pocket of your trunks(
裤
) when you went for a swim and it would still work fine. Wait a minute. Somebody already invented
that go-anywhere gift card. It’s called cash. Cash has huge advantages over gift cards. There’s been a
big trouble about gift card fees, so Congress eventually stepped in to limit them. And a sizable chunk of
gift card value—estimates range between 5% and 10%—never gets fully used. These aren’t issues that
come with cash. So why have gift cards grown in popularity when we already have something better
sitting in our wallets? The answer is a combination of consumer psychology and opportunistic retailers
and card issuers. Consumers see giving cash as silly, and retailers have taken advantage of that to push
gift cards. Most store cards don’ t have fees anymore. They have a different problem. You’ re
committed to use the card at a designated store. And a new National Retail Federation survey finds that
shoppers expect to spend a bit less on holiday gift cards this year.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. What will happen if the multi-function gift card falls into water?
[答案]
A)
14. What’s the reason for Congress interfering in the gift card issue?
[答案]
C)
15. Why are the gift cards so popular among consumers?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
假设有人发明了一种用途如此广泛的礼品卡以至用它几乎可以在任何地方购买任何东西。
这张礼品卡将永远状况良好,并在许多国家受到欢迎。 你可以把它折成两半,甚至当你去游泳
156
· ·时,把它放在男式游泳裤的口袋里,它仍然不会损坏。 等一等。 已经有人发明了那种便携式的礼
品卡。 它被称为现金。 现金比礼品卡有巨大的优势。 礼品卡费用一直存在很大的问题,所以国
会最终介入限制了这些费用。 相当一部分礼品卡的价值———估计在 到 之间———永远不
5% 10%
会被充分利用。 这些都不是现金带来的问题。 那么,既然我们的钱包里已经有了更好的东西,为
什么礼品卡越来越受欢迎呢? 这个问题的答案融合了消费者心理、投机的零售商和发卡机构。
消费者认为送现金是愚蠢的,而零售商利用这一点来推销礼品卡。 大多数购物卡不再收费。 它
们有不同的问题。 你承诺在指定的商店使用这种卡。 全国零售联合会的一项新调查发现,今年
购物者在节日礼品卡上的支出预计会减少一点儿。
Section C
Recording One
However gifted someone may be, he or she still had to develop various talents to achieve a lofty
professional position. And that’s good news for the rest of us. Each one of us has our own skills and
talents, and we too can develop them and propel ourselves into positions of influence. Here are some
ways to enhance those talents.
First, develop your critical decision-making skills.
Decision-making is a top leadership competency because it pops up everywhere, from the simple
choice of where to hold a staff meeting to the strategic option of where to spend marketing dollars. These
小隔间 子公
decisions impact the people in the next cubicle( ), but they may also affect a subsidiary(
司
) halfway across the globe or an entire country.
Decisiveness is not a trait we’re bornwith—it’sa skill that canbe learned. To masterit,analyze your
process of critical decision-making to spot weak links in your reasoning and to recognize unconscious
biases for or against something or someone. While we can’t control outcomes, we can shape the process
that sets them in motion.
Second, learn to make a solid argument.
You may never address the United Nations Security Council or testify before Congress, but
everyone should be able to put together a coherent argument. That skill is critically and frequently
useful in high-stakes conversations, presentations, question-and-answer sessions and in other
discussions with decision-makers or anyone else who represents a certain viewpoint or asks you to
explain yours.
To argue means to give reasons. It means defending and promoting your choices against the
contrary arguments of equally adept influencers. Take what you’ve learned in school and build on that
base with private instruction and directed reading on the relevant subject. You’ve found that your
ability to think critically and analyze others’ arguments will dramatically increase your influence on their
choices.
Third, become a storyteller.
首要的
Storytelling has been a premier( ) tool in influencing people across cultures and eras.
Influencers tell stories for strategic purposes. From motivating people to act, to teaching, to reducing
resistance and changing minds, a well-told narrative is a formidable force, often far more powerful than
the mere recitation of complex financial or technical facts. Numbers and figures are important, but when
157
· ·it comes to showing their relationship to any issue, large or small, a strategic narrative wrapped around
the digits will deliver the message better and more memorably than anything else.
After you master the data, ask yourself: Is there a way to put a human face on my message? Are
there real-life examples that will help me make my point in a way others can relate to?
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
[答案]
B)
17. What does the speaker say about decisiveness?
[答案]
C)
18. How will your ability to think critically help you?
[答案]
D)
19. What will deliver the message better and more memorably?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
无论某人多么有天赋,他或她仍然必须培养各种才能以获得崇高的职业地位。 这对我们其
他人来说是个好消息。 我们每个人都有自己的技能和才能,我们也可以发展它们,并将自己推向
有影响力的位置。 以下是一些提升那些天赋的方法。
首先,培养关键决策技能。
决策是一种最重要的领导能力,因为它无处不在,从在哪里举行员工会议的简单选择到在哪
里花费营销资金的战略抉择。 这些决定会影响下一个小隔间里的人,但它们也可能影响地球另
一端的子公司或全国各地的子公司。
果断不是我们天生的特点,而是一种可以学习的技能。 为了掌握它,分析你的关键决策过
程,找出你推理中的薄弱环节,并认识到对某事或某人的无意识偏见。 虽然我们无法控制结果,
但我们可以塑造启动结果的过程。
第二,学会提出有力的论据。
你可能永远不会在联合国安理会发表讲话或在国会作证,但每个人都应该能够提出连贯的
论点。 这项技能在高风险的对话、演示、问答环节以及与决策者或其他代表某种观点或要求你解
释自己观点的人的其他讨论中都非常有用。
争论意味着给出理由。 这意味着捍卫和推销你的选择,反对同样老练的影响者的相反论点。
把你在学校学到的东西,在这个基础上进行私人指导和相关主题的定向阅读。 你会发现,你批判
性思考和分析他人论点的能力将大大增加自己对他们选择的影响。
第三,成为一个讲故事的人。
讲故事一直是影响不同文化和时代的人的最重要的工具。 有影响力的人出于战略目的讲故事。
从激励人们行动,到教学,再到减少阻力和改变思想,一个讲得好的叙事是一股强大的力量,通常比
仅仅背诵复杂的财务或技术事实要强大得多。 号码和数字很重要,但当涉及显示它们与任何问题的
关系时,无论大小,围绕数字的战略叙事将比其他任何事情更好、更令人难忘地传达信息。
掌握数据后,问问自己:有没有办法在我的信息上贴上人脸? 有没有现实生活中的例子可以
帮助我以他人可以理解的方式表达自己的观点?
158
· ·Recording Two
Today, I am going to talk to you something about advice. Advice is a funny thing.
Some people seem to have a constant surplus of it, and offer it nonstop to those around them, even
when it is unsolicited or unwelcome. Others are on the receiving end of lots of advice from others, but
they rarely take any of it.
A very common example of “askhole” behavior occurs in the teenage years. Teenagers’ parents
can become constant broadcasters of advice, and the younger folks develop ever more sophisticated
skills for appearing to listen while actually turning down the volume of the incoming messages to nearly
zero. In most cases, teenagers rarely follow their parents’ advice.
I’ve heard experienced parents whose children are now fully grown, say that even when teenagers
seem to be in a tunnel which parental communication signals seem unable to penetrate, parents should
still keep on offering their unsolicited wisdom, perspectives, and advice. The theory goes that even in
the absence of acknowledgement, let alone agreement, a certain degree of the message still seeps
through in the long run.
On the other hand, like all advice, this depends on the tone and mode of delivery. There is a fine
line between advice, for example, and nagging. Some people tend to take good advice and deliver it in
such a way that it sounds like, and is heard as, nagging. Advice transformed into nagging is usually
居高临下
excessively repetitive, critical rather than constructive in tone, sometimes condescending(
的
), and usually a one-way street. You may give your advice without an invitation for feedback or
response such as “What do you think?”
The teenager-parent context is a somewhat special one, but giving and receiving advice pervades
our professional and personal lives. If you think about your friends and associates, they probably
include people who either give too much advice, including on subjects where their expertise is doubtful,
or offer advice in an unhelpful tone, e.g. bossy or condescending. You’ve probably also found friends
and associates who ignored some very good advice and got themselves into a very difficult situation as a
result. It is not instinctive for us to ask for advice. There are face issues involved, and potential
embarrassment, especially in the workplace. On the other hand, we deny ourselves a lot of learning
opportunities and we are afraid to ask advice from those with richer experience than we have.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
20. What can be learned about teenagers and their parents?
[答案]
C)
21. What makes advice be transformed into nagging?
[答案]
A)
22. Why is it not instinctive for us to ask for advice?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
今天,我要和大家谈谈建议。 建议是件有趣的事。
有些人似乎总是有多余的建议,并不停地给周围的人提供建议,即使这未经请求或不受欢
迎。 另一些人则收到了别人的很多建议,但他们很少接受任何建议。
“爱问鬼”行为的一个很常见的例子出现在青少年时期。 青少年的父母可以成为不断传播建
159
· ·议的人,而年轻人则会培养越来越复杂的技能,在看似倾听的同时,实际上会对刚收到的信息几
乎充耳不闻。 在大多数情况下,青少年很少听从父母的建议。
我听过孩子现在已经完全长大的经验丰富的父母说,即使青少年似乎处于父母沟通信号好
像无法穿透的隧道中,父母仍然应该继续未经请求向他们提供自己的智慧、观点和建议。 这个理
论认为,即使没有承认,更不用说达成一致意见,从长远来看,一定程度的信息仍然会渗透过去。
另一方面,就像所有建议一样,这取决于演讲的语气和方式。 例如,建议和唠叨之间有种微妙的
界限。 有些人往往会接受好的建议,并以听起来像是唠叨的方式表达。 变成唠叨的建议通常重复过
多,采用批判性的而非建设性的语气,有时会甚至显得高人一等,而且通常是单向的。 在没有说诸如
“你认为怎么样?”之类的鼓励反馈或回应的话的情况下,你可能会给出自己的建议。
少年—父母的背景稍微有些特殊,但给予和接受建议贯穿于我们的职业和个人生活中。 如
果你想想自己的朋友和同事,他们中有些人可能要么在自己的不擅长的主题上给出了太多建议,
要么以无用的语气,比如说专横的或高人一等的语气,提供建议。 你很可能也会发现朋友和同事
忽视了一些非常好的建议,结果让自己陷入了非常困难的境地。 我们不是天生就会去征求意见。
这涉及面子问题和潜在的尴尬,尤其是在工作场所。 另一方面,我们剥夺了自己很多学习机会,
我们害怕向那些比我们更有经验的人寻求建议。
Recording Three
Here’s a question for you. What are the liberal arts? The liberal arts refer to a wide range of
academic subjects that can prepare students for a variety of occupations.
College majors that fall under this category do not typically train students for any one career. It
includes broad areas of study such as the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and
mathematics. The humanities include subjects such as drama, music, dance and language. Sociology,
psychology, geography and economics are all social sciences. Biology and physics are two examples of
natural sciences.
Regardless of the career you choose, certain qualities called soft skills will make you invaluable to
employers and are vital to your success in many occupations including those in technology. They include
critical thinking, problem solving, creativity and innovation, research skills, writing and oral
communication, interpersonal skills and the ability to learn.
You may already have some of these abilities, but you must find a way to acquire those you
don’t. The best way to do that is through liberal arts education. Regardless of your major, make room
in your schedule for classes in literature, history, sociology and psychology.
The second question is: Should you major in liberal arts?
There is room for both STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) and liberal arts in the
education of our future workforce. Students should be exposed to both areas of study, but we must also
realize that there is a suitable career for everyone. You may find that a career that emphasizes the
liberal arts is a better fit for you while your best friend may find success in a STEM occupation.
If you want to pursue a career that requires you to get an undergraduate degree in one of the
subjects that falls under this category, you should certainly do that. If you will ultimately need a
master’s degree for your chosen occupation, you may have some flexibility regarding your undergraduate
major. Choosing a liberal arts major will allow you to not only amass the soft skills that will follow you
through graduate school and your future career, but it will also expose you to knowledge in a wide range
of subjects.
160
· ·Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. What can be learned about soft skills?
[答案]
C)
24. What does the speaker suggest students do when choosing their majors?
[答案]
A)
25. What does the speaker say about the advantage of a liberal arts major?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
这里有一个问题要问你。 什么是文科? 文科指的是能够让学生为各种职业做好准备的一系
列广泛的学科。
属于这一类的大学专业通常不会为任何一种职业培养学生。 它包括人文科学、社会科学、自
然科学和数学等广泛的研究领域。 人文学科包括戏剧、音乐、舞蹈和语言等课程。 社会学、心理
学、地理学和经济学都是社会科学。 生物学和物理学是自然科学的两个例子。
无论你选择哪种职业,被称为软技能的某些品质都会让你对雇主来说是无价的,而且对你在
包括科技在内的许多职业中的成功至关重要。 它们包括批判性思维、解决问题、创造力和创新、
研究技能、写作和口头交流以及人际交往技能和学习能力。
你可能已经具备了其中的一些能力,但你必须找到一种方法来获得那些你没有的能力。 最
好的办法是通过文科教育。 无论你的专业是什么,都要在你的工作安排上为文学、历史、社会学
和心理学的课腾出空间。
第二个问题是:你应该主修文科吗?
在我们未来劳动力的教育中,科学、技术、工程和数学以及文科都有发展的空间。 学生应该
接触这两个学习领域,但我们也必须意识到,每个人都有适合自己的职业。 你可能会发现,强调
文科的职业更适合你,而你最好的朋友可能会在科学、技术、工程和数学职业中获得成功。
如果你想从事一份要求你在属于这一类的一门学科取得大学本科学位的工作,你当然应该
这样做。 如果你选择的职业最终需要硕士学位,你可以在本科专业上有一些灵活性。 选择文科
专业不仅可以让你积累软技能,这些技能将伴随你进入研究生院和未来的职业生涯,还可以让你
接触到广泛的学科知识。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
(研究)表明仅 微克的室内灰尘量就会影响细胞———远低于儿童每天接触的灰尘量。 少量
3
含有环境污染物的化合物的室内灰尘可能在脂肪细胞的生长中发挥作用。
美国化学学会的研究人员发现,在室内灰尘中发现的被称为内分泌干扰物的化合物会刺激
脂肪细胞积累更多的脂肪。 在这项研究中,由于室内灰尘被添加到实验室的皮氏培养皿中,脂肪
细胞积累了另外一种称为甘油三酯的脂肪。
内分泌干扰物是人工合成或天然存在的化合物,它们可以复制身体的激素。 来自动物研究
的证据也表明,早期接触某些内分泌干扰物日后会导致体重增加。 内分泌干扰物通常存在于消
费品中,并最终进入室内灰尘中。 然后,室内灰尘被吸入、摄入并通过皮肤吸收。 根据美国环境
保护局,儿童每天消耗的室内灰尘估计有 毫克。 研究人员从北卡罗来纳州的 户人家中采集
50 11
了室内灰尘样本。 这 个灰尘样本中有 个样本的提取物促使脂肪细胞变成成熟的脂肪细胞并
11 7
161
· ·积累甘油三酯。 只有一个灰尘样本没有影响。
在其中 个样本中,室内灰尘刺激细胞分裂,从而产生更多前体脂肪细胞。 研究中使用的脂
9
肪细胞是老鼠细胞模型,该模型经常用于测试化合物对积累甘油三酯脂肪的潜在影响。 在测试
的 种室内灰尘污染物中,一种常见于塑料中的物质被发现含有最强的产生脂肪的效果。
44
【答案精析】
名 词 联系 连接 面临 暴露 污染物
: C) connection , ; H) exposure , ; K) pollutants ; N) spur
促进因素 推动
,
动 词 发展 成长 分散 分割 估计 估算
: D) develop , ; E) divide , ; F) estimated , ; G) exhaled
呼气 呼出 呼入 吸入 加速 鞭策 搅动 唤醒
, ; inhaled , ; N) spur , ; O) stir ,
形容词 附加的 另外的 估计的 积极的
: A) additional , ; F) estimated ; L) positive ; M) potential
潜在的 有可能的
,
副 词 人造地 人工地 自然地 天然形成地
: B) artificially , ; J) naturally ,
[答案]
26. K) pollutants
【精析】 空格前是形容词 所以空处应填入名词 根据句意可知 此处指
environmental, 。 ,
含有环境污染物的化合物 故答案为
“ ”, K)。
[答案]
27. N) spur
【精析】 空格前是情态动词 所以空处应填入动词原形 是
can, 。 spur sb. /sth. to do sth.
固定搭配 意为 刺激 做 故 为答案
, “ …… ……”, N) 。
[答案]
28. A) additional
【精析】 空格前是 空格后是名词 所以空处应填入元音开头的形容词 备选项
an, type, 。
中只有 和 符合要求 此处提到 把室内灰尘加入实验室的皮氏培养
additional estimated 。 ,
皿中后发现脂肪细胞积累了另一种被称为甘油三酸酯脂肪 故 为答案
, A) 。
[答案]
29. J) naturally
【精析】 空格前为 空格后为现在分词 作形容词修饰 所以空处
or, occurring compounds,
应填入副词 根据句意可知 此处指 内分泌干扰物是人工合成或天然存在的化合物
。 , “ ”,
故答案为
J)。
[答案]
30. H) exposure
【精析】 空格位于宾语从句中 且该从句缺少主语 所以空处需要填入名词 根据句意
, , 。
可知 此处指 早期接触某些内分泌干扰物日后会导致体重增加 为固定搭
, “ ”,exposure to
配 意为 接触 暴露于 故答案为
, “ , ……”, H)。
[答案]
31. I) inhaled
【精析】 空格前是 空格后是 由 可知 此处是三个并列
is then, ingested and absorbed, and ,
的动词过去分词形式 与 构成被动语态 备选项中只有 和
, is 。 estimated, exhaled inhaled
符合要求 根据句意可知 此处指室内灰尘应是通过皮肤先吸入才能有之后的摄入和吸
。 ,
收 故答案为
, I)。
[答案]
32. F) estimated
【精析】 空格前是 空格后是 所以空处应填入元音开头的形容词 备
an, 50 milligrams, 。
选项中符合要求的只有 根据下文可知 据估计 每天吸入的室内灰尘为 毫
estimated。 , , 50
克 故答案为
, F)。
162
· ·[答案]
33. D) develop
【精析】 空格前是不定式符号 空格后是介词 且根据前面的谓语动词
to, into。 triggered
可知 其搭配结构是 意为 引发 去做 所以空处应填入动
, trigger sth. to do sth. “ …… ……”,
词原形 根据上下文语义 此处指脂肪细胞变成成熟的脂肪细胞 并积累了甘油三酸酯
。 , , ,
表达事物发展的过程 故答案为
。 D)。
[答案]
34. E) divide
【精析】 空格前是不定式符号 所以空处应填入动词原形 根据句意可知 此处指 室
to, , , “
内灰尘刺激细胞分裂 故答案为
”, E)。
[答案]
35. M) potential
【精析】 空格前是 空格后是 所以空处应填形容词修饰 根据句意可
for, effects, effects。
知 此处指试验中用到的脂肪细胞是老鼠的细胞模型 经常用它来检测化合物对甘油三
, ,
酸酯脂肪的潜在影响 故答案为
, M)。
Section B
【参考译文】
现在,我们说上话了:语音技术如何改变计算
) 像念出咒语一样,它使人们仅通过语言就能控制世界。 英国科幻作家亚瑟·克拉克曾说
A
过,任何足够先进的科技看起来都与魔法无异。 迅速兴起的语音计算技术证明了他的观点。 使
用语音就如念出咒语:对着空中说几个词,身旁的设备就能满足你的愿望。
) 亚马逊的 是一台置于桌面、由语音驱动的圆柱形电脑,会对 这个名字做出回
B Echo Alexa
应,它能播放音乐和广播、讲笑话、回答琐碎的问题,还会控制智能家电;甚至圣诞节还没到它就
已经入住了约 的美国家庭。 智能手机里的语音助手也在激增:苹果的 每周处理超过 亿
4% Siri 20
条指令,美国安卓手机上 的谷歌搜索由语音输入。 现在语音输入电子邮件和短信的可靠程
20%
度已经足够使用。 能说话的时候为什么还要打字呢?
) 这是个巨大的转变。 尽管看似简单,但通过提供一种自然的互动方式,语音有能力改变
C
计算的形态。 说到和计算机打交道,先是视窗、图标和菜单,之后是触摸屏,都因为比输入复杂的
命令行更为直观而受到欢迎。 但是能对计算机说话彻底消除了对“用户界面”这一抽象概念的需
要。 正如手机远不只是无线电话,汽车远不只是无马之车,没有了显示屏和键盘的电脑有潜力变
得比人们今天所能想象的更有用、更强大且无处不在。
) 语音不会完全取代其他形式的输入和输出。 和机器交流,有时打字仍然会比说话更方
D
便。 但是在人们与身边科技设备的互动中,语音必将占据越来越大的份额,无论是与告诉你还需
要多久洗完衣物的洗衣机互动,还是和企业热线的虚拟助手交谈。 不过,要充分发挥潜能,这项
技术还需要更多突破,而且必须解决由它引出的棘手问题———在便利性和隐私之间权衡。
) ,深度学习是什么? 计算机语音识别系统已出现多年。 但在以前它并不可靠,而且
E Alexa
需要漫长的训练才能学会识别特定使用者的语音。 如今计算机无需训练即能可靠识别几乎任何
人的语音,这一新能力是“深度学习”力量的最新体现,深度学习是一种人工智能技术,用通常来
自互联网的数百万个范例来训练某个软件系统。 正因为有了深度学习,现在的机器将语音转为
文字的准确度才堪比人类,计算机翻译系统也正迅速改进,而把文字转为语音的系统也变得越来
越不那么机器腔,听起来更加自然。 简而言之,计算机在处理各种形式的自然语言时表现大幅
提升。
163
· ·) 尽管借助“深度学习”技术后,机器可以较精准地识别语音,说话也不再那么生硬,但是,
F
它们并不理解话语的含义。 如果由语音驱动的计算机技术要真正蓬勃发展,这是便是它要克服
的最大难题。 只有理解文本信息,计算机才能流畅地与人类就某事进行交流,而不是像今天这
样,仅能对简单的一次性语音指令做出回应。 各大院校和大小企业的研究人员都在致力于解决
这一问题。 他们在研发可以就更复杂的任务进行更详尽对话的机器人,这些机器人不仅可以检
索信息,还可以就房贷咨询提出建议、进行旅行安排。
) 消费者和监管机构在语音技术的发展方面也发挥了一定的作用。 尽管现在语音技术仅
G
处于发展初期阶段,它却处于进退两难的境地:语音驱动系统只有在个性化后才能发挥最大潜
能,接触到更多资源数据,如日历、电子邮件和其他一些敏感信息。 这引发了人们对隐私和安全
问题的担忧。
) 对于更为更复杂的事务,许多语音驱动设备始终在聆听和等待激活的状态。 一些人担
H
心:每部手机和每个房间内的联网麦克风时刻都在聆听,这将会带来怎样的影响? 不是所有的语
音都会上传到云端———在用户语音传送到真正处理用户指令的服务器之前,设备需要听到一句
触发指令———不过,在人们储存语音后,这些数据由谁储存、储存多久就不得而知了。
) 阿肯色州警察局调查一起谋杀案时,认为一台亚马逊 智能音箱设备可能无意中听到
I Echo
了凶案信息,要求亚马逊提供所有可能与该案件有关的语音信息。 亚马逊拒绝合作,并在隐私保
护提倡者的支持下表示这种要求未必合法。 同样的, 年苹果公司拒绝协助美国联邦调查局
2016
解锁一名恐怖分子的 手机;这两起案例都表明了,我们需要制定明确的规则,规定在
FBI iPhone
何种情况下可以为保障公众安全介入个人隐私。
) 即使这些问题还未解决,消费者仍会使用语音技术。 大多数情况下,语音输入远比其他交
J
流方式更加方便、自然。 语音技术最独特的一点在于,用户在进行诸如开车、健身或者走在路上
等其他活动时,仍可使用语音技术。 这一技术也可以让那些因种种原因无法使用屏幕或键盘的
人群使用计算机。 语音技术不仅对计算机技术影响巨大,还会影响语言使用。 计算机同声传译
会令许多人认为无需掌握外语;在一个机器会说话的世界上,小语种更可能保留下来。 触屏时代
的到来是人类与计算机互动史上的一次巨大进步。 语音技术将会是一次更大的变革。
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. J)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“voice-computing’sreceiving wide adoption” J
相匹配 故
“Consumers will adopt voice computing even if such issues remain unresolved.” 。
选
J。
[答案]
37. H)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一 二
“Some users of voice-driven devices are concerned” H 、
句
“To further complicate matters, many voice-driven devices are always listening, waiting to
be activated. Some people are already concerned about the implications of Internet-connected
相匹配 故选
microphones listening in every room and from every smartphone.” 。 H。
[答案]
38. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第四句
“Deep learningnatural language.” E “latest
和 段材料最后一句
manifestation of the power of ‘deep learning’” E “handling natural
相匹配 故选
language in all its forms.” 。 E。
164
· ·[答案]
39. C)
【精析】 题干中的 和 段材料最后一句
“Screens and keyboards of computers” C “computers
相匹配 故选
without screens and keyboards” 。 C。
[答案]
40. F)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“Deep learningthe meaning of language.” F
“Although deep learning means that machines can recognize speech more reliably and talk in a
相匹配 故选
less stilted manner, they still don’t understand the meaning of language.” 。 F。
[答案]
41. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“privacy or security” G “That raises privacy and
相匹配 故选
security concerns.” 。 G。
[答案]
42. I)
【精析】 题干中的 和 段材料最后一句
“are needed in light of the two cases” I “both
cases highlight the need for rules that specify when and what intrusions into personal privacy
相匹配 故选
are justified in the interests of security.” 。 I。
[答案]
43. A)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第二句
“the viewpoint of a British science-fiction writer” A
相匹配 故选
“noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer” 。 A。
[答案]
44. B)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第二句
“smartphones” B “Voice assistants are proliferating in
相匹配 故选
smartphones, too” 。 B。
[答案]
45. D)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“potentialconvenience and privacy.” D “However,
to reach its full potential, the technology requires further breakthroughs—and a resolution of
相匹配
the tricky questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.” 。
故选
D。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
据称由于发电厂的大量关闭影响了电力的稳定供应,美国能源部的一份报告呼吁大力建设
火力和核能发电站。 这份研究结果发布于周三晚些时候,遭到了可再生能源拥护者们的鄙视,但
却得到煤炭和核能行业的赞誉。 这份报告与唐纳德·特朗普总统承诺复苏处境艰难的矿业相吻
合。 但与早期起草案中的结论不同,该草案曾提到,可再生能源发电的大幅增长不会影响电力供
应的稳定性。 政府方面之前并未对能源部工作人员拟定的草案予以评价。
能源部长里克·佩里曾在四月份委托该研究评估包括前总统巴拉克·奥巴马在内的数届政
府所施加的“监管负担”是否对电网造成不良影响,政府曾强制关闭燃烧煤炭和核燃料这类提供
不间断电能的基荷发电厂。 奥巴马曾制定了众多法令,意图大力削减引发气候变化的二氧化碳
排放量。 此举加速了废除火力发电站的进程,并激励新生的太阳能和风能行业,而这些电厂的电
能输出十分依赖天气情况。
“显而易见,在当今这个竞争激烈的市场中,某些法令和津贴对市场运作有着巨大的影响,也
165
· ·因此令我们的发电能源结构面临挑战,”佩里在一封介绍此项研究的信中说。 “对于政策制定者
而言,考虑到自己预期之内与意料之外的效果都至关重要。”
此项由能源部工作人员开展的研究称,廉价的天然气是基荷煤电厂及核能发电厂关闭的主
要因素,这一趋势将国家的众多地区置于电能短缺的危机之中。 能源部建议给予基荷发电厂价
格优势,同时令此类项目的获批建设更容易和更廉价。
支持清洁能源的生物多样性中心发言人霍华德·克里斯特尔称,这些建议受到了“危险的误
导”。 “事实上,我们可以依靠风能和太阳能保护我们的星球和能源供应,”他说。
而一些煤炭和核能能源集团则赞成总结报告的结论。 “这是对美国电力为稳定性和复原力
急需且务实的审视,包括在电力市场变革时保证关键清洁基载电力的优先性,” 的主任
ClearPath
里克·鲍威尔说,他是核能与水力发电的支持者。 上周,联邦能源管理委员会新任主席尼尔·查
特吉说,煤炭发电厂需要“得到合理的补偿,以彰显它们为能源体系带来的价值”。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第一段
from the first paragraph 。
【精析】 推理判断题 本题考查文章首段的隐含信息 由定位段第二句可知 周三发
。 。 ,
布的这份研究结果遭到可再生能源拥护者的鄙视 而煤炭和核能行业则对其称赞 由此
, 。
推测 这份报告引发了不少争议 故答案为
, , B)。
[答案]
47. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第二段内容和第三段第一句
Rick Perry Obama 。
【精析】 观点态度题 本题考查能源部长佩里对前总统奥巴马先关法规的态度 第二
。 。
段最后两句提到 前总统奥巴马曾经制定的法令加速了废除火力发电厂的进程 紧接着
, 。
在第三段首句提到 某些法令对市场运作影响巨大 导致发电能源结构面临挑战 由此
, , 。
可推知 他对这些法令是持批评态度的 故答案为
, , C)。
[答案]
48. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第一段第一句
Energy Department necessary to boost
和第四段第一句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查美国能源部提议支持传统电厂的必要性 第一段第一
。 。
句提到 美国能源部指出 火力发电厂和核能发电厂的大量关闭影响了稳定的电力供
, ,
应 故而提议对此类发电厂给予支持 而第四段第一句再次强调 关闭基荷煤电厂及核能
, ; ,
发电厂将国家的众多地区置于电能短缺的危机之中 由此可知 能源部支持这类传统电
。 ,
厂是保持电力供应持续稳定的迫切需要 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
49. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文倒数第二段第
Mr. Crystal dangerously misguided
一句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查清洁能源支持者霍华德 克里斯特尔的观点 定位句
。 · 。
提到 支持清洁能源的生物多样性发中心发言人霍华德 克里斯特尔称 这些建议受到
, · ,
了 危险的误导 根据上下文承接关系 这些建议应该就是第四段最后一句中提到的
“ ”。 ,
能源部建议给予基荷发电厂价格优势 同时令此类项目的获批建设更容易和更价廉 而
, ,
这与作者在第一段提到的周三发布的研究结果是一致的 故答案为
, A)。
166
· ·[答案]
50. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文各相关段落
supporters opponents 。
【精析】 事实细节题 本题考查能源部报告的支持者和反对者双方争论的焦点 通过
。 。
梳理 可知首段前半部分和第四段提到的美国能源部的研究报告 第二和第三段中能源
, 、
大臣佩里的看法以及最后一段中煤炭和核能集团的观点都是赞成对传统电厂给予支持
和鼓励 而反对派的观点则集中在第五段 代表性的看法是风能和太阳能既能满足能源
, ,
供应 也能保护环境 因此反对再次复兴传统电厂 由此可知 双方争议的焦点为是否应
, , 。 ,
该支持传统电厂 故答案为
, C)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
英国劳工联合会( )已经敦促政府利用广泛使用机器人和人工智能带来的生产率提高来
TUC
扭转计划中对全国退休年龄的变革。
在一年一度的布莱顿代表大会召开之前,英国劳工联合会称,技术革新带来了更高的生产力
水平,这应给工人阶层带来更多裨益。 它声称,目前主要是企业主受益,并没有通过增加工资或
改善工作环境让工人阶层普遍受益。
普华永道会计师事务所的分析显示,到 年,由人工智能带来的生产率提升将使国内生
2030
产总值增加 ,这有助于增强英国经济,因为它寻求摆脱产出增长微弱的困扰。 根据英国劳工
10%
联合会的看法,这也可以减轻工人们的压力,使他们能够工作到近七十岁。 政府曾在七月份宣
布,在 年至 年期间,退休年龄将从 岁提高到 岁。 英国劳工联合会秘书长弗朗西
2037 2039 67 68
斯·奥格拉迪说,“机器人和人工智能让我们以更低的成本制造更多的产品,促进国家繁荣。 然
而,我们需要探讨的是,谁从这笔财富中受益以及工人们如何得到他们应得的一份。”
第一次工业革命后曾有过数次技术进步浪潮,那时效率低下的工作岗位被机器所取代,或者
工作所需的人数减少。 这些进步并没有整体减少工作岗位,但是扰乱了人们的工作类型。
人们担心当前的创新阶段可能更具破坏性,而生产率提高所带来的好处未必能转化为更高
的工资。 最新可获得的数据显示,自 世纪 年代中期以来,人们经历了前所未有的低失业率,
20 70
但是由于通货膨胀超过了缓慢的收入增长,实际工资增长仍是负数。
年,几乎三分之一的工作者就职于制造业,而十二分之一的工作者在专业或技术服务领
1950
域工作。 到 年,这个比例已经彻底改变,但是在受影响的领域,制造业减少的工作岗位并没
2016
有被相似或更高品质的工作所取代。 前工业领域的工资仍然比全国平均工资低 。
10%
英国就业与养老金大臣大卫·高珂提出将退休年龄延长七年,这一备受争议的提议预计将
影响近 岁至刚 多岁的大约 万人。 除了推翻关于退休年龄的提议,英国劳工联合会说,
40 40 700
工人还应该有权进行中年职业评估,同时企业应该加大职场培训的投入。 该联合会称,目前英国
在这方面的投入只有欧盟平均数的一半。 奥格拉迪说:“机器人不只是终结者。 现在一部分工作
岗位将会消失,但新的岗位会被创造出来。 我们必须确保未来的工作不会比今天的差。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第一段
the application of robot sand artificial intelligence
和第二段第一句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 第一段提到 使用机器人和人工智能可以提高生产率 第二段第
。 , ;
167
· ·一句提到 英国劳工联合会说 技术革新带来了更高的生产力水平 这应该给工人阶层带
, , ,
来更多裨益 技术革新就是指使用机器人和人工智能 由此可知 英国劳工联合会认为
。 。 ,
机器人和人工智能的应用应该给工人阶层带来福祉 故 为答案
, C) 。
[答案]
52. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到原文第三段第一句
data Pricewaterhouse Coopers 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句引用了普华永道会计师事务所的数据 说明人工智能对
。 ,
英国经济的助力作用 而第二段中英国劳工联合会认为 生产率提高 经济发展应该给工
, , 、
人阶层带来福祉 由此推知 普华永道的数据为英国劳工联合会的论断提供了支持 故
。 , ,
答案为
B)。
[答案]
53. A)
【定位】 由题干中的人名关键词 定位到原文第三段最后两句
Frances O’Grady 。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位句可知 奥格拉迪说机器人和人工智能让人们以更低的
。 ,
成本制造更多的产品 促进国家繁荣 但是人们需要探讨由此带来的财富谁会从中受益
, , ,
并提出工人们应分得自己应得的一份 由此可知 奥格拉迪也认为技术进步应该旨在提
。 ,
高人民福祉 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
54. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到原文第四段和第六段前
the waves of technological advances
两句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 第四段提到 第一次工业革命后曾有过数次技术进步浪潮 但是
。 , ,
并没有整体减少工作岗位 只是扰乱了人们的工作类型 第五段继续讲述现在所经历的
, 。
技术进步的影响 第六段前两句指出 不同产业的就业人员比例发生了彻底改变 由此
。 , 。
可知 技术进步对劳动力结构产生了深刻影响 故答案为
, , D)。
[答案]
55. C)
【定位】 由题干中的人名关键词 定位到原文最后一段前两句
David Gauke 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 英国就业与养老金大臣大卫 高珂提出将退休年
。 , ·
龄延长七年 这一提议预计将影响众多劳动者 而随后第二句中作者明确指出 英国劳工
, ; ,
联合会要求推翻这个关于退休年龄的提议 故答案为
, C)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
Beijing hutongs, mostly originating from the Yuan dynasty in the 13th century, date back hundreds
of years. Most of the Beijing hutongs run due east and west with their width being no more than nine
meters. Hutong culture is a kind of exclusive culture. The residents are so attached to their hutongs that
they are unwilling to move out. Some of them have been living in the hutongs for several decades, and
some even for a few generations. Most houses in the hutongs are very archaic, with old house purlins
and broken brick walls. The roof leaks whenever it rains. When it rains heavily, people can always hear
the sound of houses collapsing in hutongs. But people are reluctant to move, because a home of our own
is priceless.
168
· ·
