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2019 年北京市中考英语试卷（教师版）
知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、
C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
1．（.5分）Mr． Wang is coming to our school． I can't wait to see ．（ ）
A．her B．him C．it D．them
【微点】人称代词．
【思路】王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．
【解析】根据I can't wait to see 可知用宾格作see的宾语，Mr． Wang 指男性单数，
用him代替，句意：王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．
故选：B．
【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合
时态准确作答
2．（.5分）We planted some flowers the garden yesterday．（ ）
A．on B．to C．in D．of
【微点】方位介词．
【思路】昨天我们在花园里种了一些花．
【解析】on"在…之上、在…时候"；in"在…之内"；of"…的、由…组成的"；to"朝、到、
对于"，四者都是介词．on 用于具体的时间．由题干"昨天我们在花园里种了一些
花．"可知，空格是"在…之内"，用in，因此答案应是in．
故选：C．
【点拨】本题考查时间介词的用法，在熟知所供词的含义基础上，根据句意，从而判断
出正确答．
3．（.5分）﹣ Excuse me， is this T﹣shirt？
﹣ It's 88 yuan．（ ）
A．how much B．how many C．how long D．how old
【微点】数量（how many/how much）．
【思路】打扰一下，这件t恤多少钱？﹣ 88元．
【解析】考查数量．A．how much提问不可数名词，价格等；B．how many提问可数
名词复数；C．how long多久，提问时间段；D．how old多大，提问年龄．根据 It's
第 1 页 / 共 21 页88 yuan．可知问的是价格，应说这件t恤多少钱？
故选：A．
【点拨】仔细分析句子的结构，根据 It's 88 yuan．结合选项作答．
4．（.5分）﹣ Lily， _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes？
﹣ Yes， I can．（ ）
A．must B．should C．need D．can
【微点】情态动词．
【思路】﹣﹣莉莉，你能在十分钟内写完这封信吗？
﹣﹣是的，我能．
【解析】根据回答Yes， I can可知疑问句以can开头，句意：莉莉，你能在十分钟内
写完这封信吗？
故选：D．
【点拨】情态动词的考查是初中英语考查的重点，平时学习中一定要熟记这些词的基本
词义及用法上的不同，注意其用法及在句子中表达语气的不同．考试中结合语境选择合
适答案．
5．（.5分）This cap is nice， it doesn't look good on me．（ ）
A．for B．so C．but D．or
【微点】连词辨析．
【思路】这个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看．
【解析】A表示为了，B表示所以，C表示但是，D表示或者、否则．根据题干可知这
个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看，句子前后是转折关系．
故选：C．
【点拨】本题考查连词辨析，基础题，熟悉所给连词的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择．
6．（.5分）Julie takes good care of the family dog． She is than her brother．（
）
A．patient B．more patient
C．most patient D．the most patient
【微点】形容词的比较级和最高级．
【思路】朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．
【解析】根据句意：朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．than是比较
级的标志．选项B符合题意．
第 2 页 / 共 21 页故选：B．
【点拨】熟悉形容词比较级和最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案．
7．（.5分）Sam with his friends every weekend．（ ）
A．skates B．is skating
C．has skated D．was skating
【微点】实义动词的单数第三人称形式．
【思路】Sam 每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．
【解析】根据句意：Sam 每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．可知时态是一般现在时，主
语Sam用动词三单式．
故选：A．
【点拨】熟悉实义动词三单式用法，结合题意，给出答案．
8．（.5分）﹣ Tom， what's your dad doing？
﹣ He my bike．（ ）
A．repairs B．will repair
C．has repaired D．is repairing
【微点】现在进行时．
【思路】﹣﹣汤姆，你爸爸在干什么？
﹣﹣他在修自行车．
【解析】根据问句what's your dad doing？可知答句用现在进行时，be（am，is，are）
+现在分词，句意：他在修自行车．
故选：D．
【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合
时态准确作答
9．（.5分）Our school life a lot since 2017． We have more activities now．（
）
A．changes B．changed
C．will change D．has changed
【微点】现在完成时．
【思路】自2007年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化．我们现在有更多的活动，
【解析】根据句意"自2007年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化．我们现在有更多
的活动 "和since 2017可知，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/ has done．
第 3 页 / 共 21 页故选：D．
【点拨】考查现在完成时，要牢记现在完成时的构成及用法．
10．（.5 分）If you want to visit the Palace Museum， I tickets for you
tomorrow．（ ）
A．will book B．booked
C．have booked D．was booking
【微点】主从复合句．
【思路】如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票．
【解析】根据句意"如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票"和时间状语tomorrow可
知，主句要用一般将来时，条件状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，选项BCD
都不符合语法．
故选：A．
【点拨】考查主从复合句，要根据句意或提示词，判断时态，选用合适的引导词．
11．（.5分）My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday．（ ）
A．accepts B．accepted
C．was accepted D．is accepted
【微点】一般过去时的被动语态．
【思路】我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班级接受了．
【解析】主语my advice与动词accept是被动关系，根据last Monday用一般过去时的
被动语态，was/were +过去分词，句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班
级接受了．
故选：C．
【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合
时态准确作答
12．（.5分）﹣ Did you notice in her office？
﹣ Yes． She was going over our writing．（ ）
A．what was Miss Lin doing
B．what Miss Lin was doing
C．what does Miss Lin do
D．what Miss Lin does
【微点】宾语从句．
第 4 页 / 共 21 页【思路】﹣﹣你注意到林小姐在办公室里干什么了吗？
﹣﹣是的．她正在看我们的作品．
【解析】考查宾语从句．宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除 AC．从She was
going over our writing．判断句子使用过去进行时，构成were/was+Ving．
故选：B．
【点拨】此题考查宾语从句，在熟知宾语从句法的基础上，结合具体题目，仔细分析，
便可得出正确答案．
二、完形填空（共8分，）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、
B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．
13．（8分）
Run for Class President
Two months ago， when our class election（选举） started， I decided to run for
class president． I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people， so I
felt it easy to win． But I was （1） B that people would feel bad for me if I
lost．
I was busy preparing in the following week． My plan wasn't to make promises
to do things I couldn't （2） C but to show my class why I wanted to be
president． I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom． I also spent three
hours writing my speech， saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they
had a problem． Since I was （3） A prepared， I felt that my chances of winning
were strong．
However， when I gave my speech on Election Day， the response （反应）
wasn't what I had （4） D ． Few people actually listened． When it was my
opponent's （对手的）turn， everyone was screaming his name． His speech was
short， but all to the point． By then， I realized I should have made mine shorter
and clearer．
It was obvious who would （5） D ． For the rest of the day， I felt like it
was over． I wanted to just go home and cry， but I made it through．
My（6） B was right： I didn't win．
The next day， people were still talking about the election． I just pretended
第 5 页 / 共 21 页（假装） not to hear． But later， things got better． People（7） A about the
election and talked to me just as they did before．
I don't regret putting time and energy into the election because I've learned that
things aren't always going the way I expect． And moments of failure like this build
（8） C ﹣since then I've learned to face disappointment and grown stronger．
（1）A． bored B． afraid C． excited D． hopeful
（2）A． compare B． remember C． manage D． repeat
（3）A． fully B． quickly C． freshly D． physically
（4）A． feared B． faced C． mentioned D． pictured
（5）A． insist B． return C． wait D． win
（6）A． suggestion B． prediction C． direction D． introduction
（7）A． forgot B． wrote C． cared D． discussed
（8）A． trust B． pride C． character D． support
【微点】记叙文．
【思路】我信心满满的参与竞选班长，准备很长时间，准备的很充分．在竞选的那一天，
同学们对我不是欢迎．结果我落选了．我从中受益良多．
【解析】（1）B考查形容词．bored无聊的；afraid害怕的；excited兴奋的；hopeful有
希望的．根据下文"that people would feel bad for me if I lost"因此可知这句话的意思
是"但是我又害怕如果我落选的话，人们会为我感到难过．"故选B．
（2）C考查动词．compare比较；remember记住；manage设法做到；repeat重复．根
据"My plan wasn't to make promises to do things I couldn't （2）_____but to show
my class why I wanted to be president．" 通过分析句子结构可知这句话的意思是"我
的计划不是许诺我设法做到什么事情而只是向同学们表面我想当班长．"故选C．
（3）A考查副词．fully满满地；quickly快地；freshly新鲜地；physically身体上地．根
第 6 页 / 共 21 页据上文"I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom． I also spent three
hours writing my speech， saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they
had a problem．"因此可知这句话的意思是"既然我做了充分地准备，我觉得我获胜的机
会更大了．"故选A．
（4）D考查动词．feared害怕；faced面对；mentioned提及；pictured想象．根据"I felt
that my chances of winning were strong．"以及"the response （反应） wasn't "因此可
知这句话的意思是"然而，在竞选的那天我演讲的时候，反应并不是我想象的那样．"故
选D．
（5）D考查动词．insist坚持；return返回；wait等待；win获胜．根据下文" I wanted
to just go home and cry"因此可知这句话的意思是"谁会获胜是很明显的．"故选D．
（6）B考查名词．suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction介绍．
根据空格后面的词语是was right： I didn't win．因此可知这句话的意思是"我的预测是
正确的：我没有获胜．"
（7）A考查动词．forgot忘记；wrote写；cared关心；discussed讨论．根据上文" But
later， things got better．"以及"talked to me just as they did before"因此可知这句话的
意思是"人们忘记了选举的时期，和我说话和以前一样了．"故选A．
（8）C 考查名词．trust 信任；pride 自豪；character 性格；support 支持．根据"I've
learned to face disappointment and grown stronger．"因此可知这句话的意思是"失败的
时刻就像性格的养成一样，自从那以后，我就学会了如何面对失望和变得更强大．"故
选C．
【点拨】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，从中找出最符合短文的选项，
就可以确定正确答案．
阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、
C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分）
14．（6分）
Experiencing China
Mike， Canada
I spent three months with my host family（接待家庭） in China． It was a lifetime
experience． I was able to experience Chinese living and culture，from basic Tai Chi
to Beijing Opera． I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital．
Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture．
第 7 页 / 共 21 页Joanna， Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months． My host mother is a Chinese teacher
and she is really warm﹣hearted． With her help，my Chinese has improved a lot．
And I have got used to a new culture． My favorite part of the experience was
sharing my feelings in China with her．
Bill， America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese
dishes． They are tasty and I like them very much． Just like me，my host parents
love to learn about different cultures． They often ask me questions about life in
America．
Cindy， Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese． I lived with a host family in
China for six months． My host sister is a really hardworking student． It was
amazing to see how she made progress in English． And a close relationship has
developed between us．
（1）Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？ A
A．Mike．
B．Joanna．
C．Bill．
D．Cindy．
（2）How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？ C
A． Three months．
B． Four months．
C． Five months．
D． Six months．
（3）Cindy thinks her host sister is D ．
A． a wonderful cook
B． a responsible doctor
C． a warm﹣hearted teacher
D． a hardworking student
【微点】人物故事类阅读．
【思路】文章主要讲了3个外国学生在中国的学习经历．
【解析】1．A．细节理解题．根据I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine
第 8 页 / 共 21 页hospital我甚至参观了一家著名的中医医院，结合表格内容，可知是Mike参观了一家著
名的中医医院，故选A．
2．C．细节理解题．根据I stayed with my host family for five months我和我的寄宿
家庭呆了五个月，可知是5个月，故选C．
3．D．细节理解题．根据My host sister is a really hardworking student，可知她认为
寄宿家庭的姐姐是一个非常用功的学生，故选D．
【点拨】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明
确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．
15．（6分）
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else． This spring she thought of building a
go﹣kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race． So she asked her dad for help．
"Well，" he said． "How about this： you do some research first and then come
back to me with a design．"
A week later， Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad． She named her go
﹣kart "Blue Lightning"． Dad looked over her work， thinking． "Well， that's
interesting，" he said． "Have a try． Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed．"
Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real，
working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked her to take it for a test
drive． Sally agreed．
After she did that， Sally drove back to Dad． "Well，" she said． "Now I
know why you wanted me to have a test drive．"
"Oh， do you？" he said． "Please share．"
"When I drove fast， there was a lot of pushback，" she said． "I think it's
because of the lightning bolt （闪电） shape．"
"Very good!" Dad said．
"So， why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place？" Sally
asked．
Dad laughed． "Where's the fun in that？ If you give a man a fish， he'll eat
for a day． But if you teach a man to fish， he'll eat for a lifetime．"
第 9 页 / 共 21 页Sally said， "I see． Anyway， designing is half the fun !"
Dad smiled． "Good． Sometimes， learning happens during the process． We
learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes
along the way．"
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder． When she showed Dad her
new go﹣kart， he nodded with pride．
Finally came the race． Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win﹣in
her mind， she had already won， by building something better than ever before．
（1）Sally thought of building a go﹣kart to B ．
A． practice driving
B． enter for a race
C． play with friends
D． do some research
（2）What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go﹣kart？ A
A． To have a test drive．
B． To take a good rest．
C． To give it a cool name．
D． To paint it light blue．
（3）Sally's story mainly tells us that D ．
A． winning a race is important
B． fishing brings us a lot of fun
C． driving experience is necessary
D． learning happens during the process
【微点】人物故事类阅读．
【思路】这篇文章，通过Sally制作卡丁车的小故事，告诉我们凡事要去动手做，在做
的过程中，我们一定会有所收获．
第 10 页 / 共 21 页【解析】1．B 细节理解题． 线索句为：This spring she thought of building a go﹣
kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race．意为"今年春天她打算做一个卡丁车参加卡丁车
赛．"结合句意可知，Sally做卡丁车的目的，就是为了参加比赛，故选：B．
2．A 细节理解题． 线索句为： Over three weekends of hard work， Sally
turned her design into a real， working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked
her to take it for a test drive．意为"在三个多星期的艰苦工作之后，Sally把她的设计
变成了一辆真正的、能够运转的卡丁车，并且把它涂成了浅蓝色．父亲叫她带它做第一
次试驾．"，结合句意可知，在她做完了卡丁车之后，她的父亲叫她测试驾驶，故选：
A．
3．D 主旨大意题． 线索句为：Good． Sometimes， learning happens during the
process． 意为"很好，有时候，在作事的过程中，我们就会学到东西．"结合句意可知，
学习发生在作事的过程之中，故选：D．
【点拨】面对此类试题，要擅长从文中找出解答的线索，同时，要掌握全文大意，结合
文意进行作答．
16．（6分）Sometimes it seems that time is flying． Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this
way． Our experience of time can be possibly changed． By understanding the
psychological （心理学的） processes behind our different experiences of time， we
might be able to slow down time a little．
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're
exposed（接触） to new environments and experiences． The law is caused by the
relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds
process． The more information our minds take in， the slower time seems to pass．
It follows， then， that we have different experiences of time in different
situations． In some situations， our life is full of new experiences． Our minds
process a lot of information and time seems to slow down． In other situations， we
have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar
（熟悉的）． We become insensitive to our experience， which means we process
less information， and time seems to speed up．
How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions．
Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose
第 11 页 / 共 21 页ourselves to as many new experiences as possible． We can give ourselves new
challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies
and skills． This will increase the amount of information our minds process and
expand （增加） our experience of time．
Secondly， and perhaps most effectively， we can give our whole attention to an
experience﹣to what we are seeing， feeling， tasting， smelling or hearing． This
means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts． For example， on
the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about
the problems you have to deal with． Look at the sky， or at the buildings you
pass， traveling among them． This open attitude to your experiences helps take in
more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect．
To a certain degree， we can understand and control our experience of time
passing． It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of
time．
（1）According to the writer， we can expand our experience of time by B ．
A． going to bed on time
B． traveling to new places
C． having dinner as usual
D． printing the same materials
（2）What can we learn from the passage？ C
A． Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information．
B． Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly．
C． We can take in more information by living through our senses．
D． We should build a stronger relationship between time and us．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ A
A． Slow Down Time
B． Only Time Will Tell
C． Race Against Time
D． Time Will Not Come Twice
【微点】日常生活类阅读．
第 12 页 / 共 21 页【思路】文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时
间．
【解析】（1）B 细节理解题．根据Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes
time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible．
We can give ourselves new challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to
new information， hobbies and skills，首先，因为我们知道熟悉会让时间过得更快，所
以我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验．我们可以给自己新的挑战，认识新的人，让
我们的头脑接触新的信息、爱好和技能，可知要拓宽对时间的体验可以去接触新事物，
比如去新的地方旅游，故选B．
（2）C． 细节理解题．根据This means living through our senses rather than through
our thoughts． For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of
yourself， instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with． Look at the
sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among them． This open attitude to
your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect
这意味着通过我们的感官而不是思想生活．例如，在回家的路上，把你的注意力集中在
你自己之外，而不是思考你必须处理的问题．看看天空，或者你路过的建筑，在它们中
间穿行．这种对你的经历的开放态度有助于吸收更多的信息，也有一种时间扩张的效果，
可知通过感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息，故选C．
（3）A． 主旨大意题．根据 How can we slow down time？ Here are two
suggestions我们怎样才能放慢时间？这里有两个建议，结合文章内容，文章介绍了心理
学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间，故选A．
【点拨】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明
确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．
17．（8分）
How Much Can We Afford to Forget？
In 2018， Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should
teach students． Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have
more space for creative activities． As the Internet grows more powerful， students
can access （获得） knowledge easily． Why should they be required to carry so
第 13 页 / 共 21 页much of it around in their heads？
Civilizations （ 文 明 ） develop through forgetting life skills that were once
necessary． In the Agricultural（农业的）Age， a farmer could afford to forget
hunting skills． When societies industrialized， the knowledge of farming could be
safe to forget ． Nowadays ， smart machines give us access to most human
knowledge． It seems that we no longer need to remember most things． Does it
matter？
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen． For one，human
beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases．
Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective ， but
machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process，
human beings still decide on the correct answers．
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information． When there were
no computers， efforts were required to get knowledge from other people， or go to
the library． We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books， and what lies
in our heads． But today， the Internet gives us the information we need quickly．
This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was part of what we
knew all along．
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence， we have easy access to smart
memory networks where information is stored． But dependency on a network suggests
possibilities of being harmed easily． The collapse of any of the networks of relations
our well﹣being（健康）depends upon， such as food and energy， would produce
terrible results． Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel cold．And it
is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a
dark age．
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills．As long as the
older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks， and can be found
when we need them， perhaps they're not really forgotten． Still， as time goes on，
we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people．
第 14 页 / 共 21 页（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？ B
A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring．
B．Because we control the training process on them，
C．Because we offer them too much information．
D．Because they overuse the provided answers．
（2）The ease of accessing information from the Internet C •
A． frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B． prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
（3）The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means" A "．
A．a sudden failure
B．the basic rule
C．a disappointing start
D． the gradual development
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？ D
A．To question about the standards of information storage．
B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines．
C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability．
D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember．
【微点】日常生活类阅读．
【思路】文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之
处．
【解析】1．B 内容理解题． 根据第三段 smart machines are likely to increase our
biases． Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but
machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process，
第 15 页 / 共 21 页human beings still decide on the correct answers智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见．许
多人认为智能机器必然是正确和客观的，但是机器是通过反复的测试和评分过程来训练
的．在这个过程中，人类仍然决定正确的答案，可知因为是技术人员操纵着智能机器，
故选B．
2．C 内容理解题． 根据第四段 But today， the Internet gives us the information we
need quickly． This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was
part of what we knew all along但是今天，互联网迅速给了我们我们需要的信息．这可
能导致错误的信念﹣﹣我们发现的知识是我们一直以来所知道的知识的一部分，可知会
导致人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故选C．
3．A 内容理解题． 根据 such as food and energy， would produce terrible results．
Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel cold．And it is through
widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age比如
食物和能源，会产生可怕的结果．没有食物，我们会挨饿；没有能量，我们会感到寒冷．
正是由于记忆的广泛丧失，文明有陷入黑暗时代的危险，可知上文讲的是我们的健康依
赖的任何关系网络的崩溃，collapse意思是坍塌、崩溃，与A突然的失败，意思相近，
故选A．
4．D 主旨大意题． 根据 Researchers have recognized several problems that may
happen． For one，human beings have biases，and smart machines are likely to
increase our biases研究人员已经认识到可能发生的几个问题．首先，人类有偏见，智能
机器可能会增加我们的偏见和 Another problem relates to the ease of accessing
information另一个问题与获取信息的便利性有关，联系文章内容，文章主要讲了科技的
发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处，可知是告诉我们不要太依
赖智能机器，故选D．
【点拨】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明
确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）
18．（10分）
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge，
like moving islands． As temperatures have increased， however， some of the ice
第 16 页 / 共 21 页has begun to disappear． Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic
waters．
The waves were discovered by accident in May， 2010．Scientist Aleksey
Marchenko and his students set out on a trip． They wanted to study the icy waters．
On May 2， the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice．
around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his
students out onto the Ice
"We were ready to go but when I went out， I discovered many cracks（裂缝）
around，" he remembers．
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe． The farther in
they went， he thought， the harder the ice would become． As they pushed
forward，however， the ship experienced small waves， and then bigger ones．Soon，
the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour， Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet
high． The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They
were more than 20 feet in height． The waves were so strong that they forced huge
pieces of ice to jump up and down， breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just
one hour． Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast． The
waves in these areas used to be small．
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in
advance when they are coming． That could be dangerous for navigators and local
communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect
them． Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in
danger．
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy
waters．As waves break up ice， the seas will become more open， and the waves
will get even stronger． There are stormy times ahead．
（1）When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters？
In May ， 2010 ．
第 17 页 / 共 21 页（2）Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？ Becaus e the y wante d
to study the icy waters ．
（3）What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？ He moved the ship deepe r
into the ice to keep safe ．
（4）How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？ More
than 20 feet ．
（5）What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？ Th e danger s o f th e hug e wave s to peopl e
and wildlife in Arctic ．
【微点】阅读表达．
【思路】本文说的是北极冰块巨浪的危险性．文章介绍了这种巨浪的发现时间和发现过
程及其对人和野生动物的危害性．
【解析】1． In May， 2010．细节理解题．根据文中"The waves were discovered by
accident in May， 2010"可知， 海浪于2010年在被偶然发现．故答案是：In May，
2010．
2． Because they wanted to study the icy waters．细节理解题．根据文中"They
wanted to study the icy waters"可知，他们想研究冰冷的水体．故答案是：Because
they wanted to study the icy waters．
3． He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．细节理解题．根据文中"He
decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe"可知，他决定把船开到冰的
更深处，以便保持安全．故答案是：He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep
safe．
4． More than 20 feet．细节理解题．根据文中"They were more than 20 feet in
height"可知，它们有20英尺高．故答案是：more than 20 feet．
5． The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic． 细节理解题．
根据文中"That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are
unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them"和"Wildlife like polar
第 18 页 / 共 21 页bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger"可知，这对海员和
当地社区是危险的．靠海冰生活的野生动物（比如北极熊和海象）面临危险，故知本段
说的是巨浪对人和北极地区的野生动物的危害性．故答案是：The dangers of the huge
waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．
【点拨】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出
相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．
五、文段表达（10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少
于50词的文段写作．文中已给出内容不计入总词数．所给提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出
你的校名和姓名．题目
19．（10分）假如你是①李华，你们学校正在开展"安全月"宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安
全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情．请用英语回复一封
邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法．
提示词语： design，safety rule，careful，protect，picture
提示问题： When should you hand in the poster？
What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster？
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to receive your email． _________．
If there is anything more that I can help with， please let me know．
Yours，
Li Hua
【微点】提纲作文．
【思路】高分句型一：
First ， the basic safety rules are of great importance， which should be included in
your poster．
首先，基本安全规则非常重要，这应该包括在你的海报里．be of great importance非常
重要，which should be included in your poster． 非限制性定语从句
高分句型二：
In addition， it is a good idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to
make it more lively and acceptable．
另外，为了使之更生动、更可接受，在海报上画几张图片也是好想法．so as to 目的是，
为了，make it +adj，make it more lively and acceptable使之更生动、更可接受
第 19 页 / 共 21 页【解析】Dear Peter，
I'm glad to receive your email．As it is required， you are supposed to hand in the
poster before next Friday．（海报上交的时间）
Being your close friend， I am extremely willing to share some ideas about designing
the poster with you． First ， the basic safety rules are of great importance， which
should be included in your poster． 【高分句型一】Second， following the safety
rules is so meaningful and crucial that you had better remind your readers of its
importance and advise them to be careful both in and out of school． Third， adding
a few suggestions about safety awareness is necessary． In addition， it is a good
idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to make it more lively and
acceptable．【高分句型二】（设计海报的一些想法）
If there is anything more that I can help with， please let me know．
Yours，
Li Hua
【点拨】在解答写作这类试题时，要根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，
设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构
分散，废话连篇，严重跑题．
题目
20．②自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行．
某英文网站正在开展以"自律"为主题的征文活动．假如你是李华，请用英语写
一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处．
提示词语： self﹣disciplined（自律的），plan，goal，habit，improve
提示问题： •What did you do to be self﹣disciplined？
•What benefits have you got from doing so？
Self﹣discipline plays an important role in our life _________．
【微点】提纲作文．
【思路】【高分句型一】
And I could not only respect all my teachers but also get on well with my
classmates．
我可以不仅尊重我所有的老师，而且和同学相处得很好．not only …but also…不仅…
而且…
第 20 页 / 共 21 页【高分句型二】
Secondly， my life and my study have been of high efficiency so that a lot of time
has been saved．
其次，我的生活和我的学习效率高，所以节省了很多时间．so that引导目的状语从句．
【解析】Self﹣discipline plays an important role in our life． （点题）
To be honest，I am a person who is self﹣disciplined． I used to follow all kinds of
rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school． And I could not only
respect all my teachers but also get on well with my classmates．【高分句型一】At
home， I was able to balance housework and homework． I usually made a plan in
advance to make it easier to achieve my goal． After finishing all the task， I
developed the habit of getting up early and going to bed early． In the society， I
spared no effort to improve myself all the time．（如何自律的）
In a word， I have benefited a lot from being self﹣disciplined． First of all，
I have had many good habits，which makes my life easier and more regular．
Secondly， my life and my study have been of high efficiency so that a lot of time
has been saved．【高分句型二】 Thirdly， being self﹣disciplined has prepared me for
a better and brighter future． In the future， I will continue to be a self﹣disciplined
person．（自律的好处）
【点拨】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语
和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务．
第 21 页 / 共 21 页
