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C)more profound
Passage One D)relatively formal
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: 22. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear
distasteful, the audience _________.
In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have A)remain fascinated by them
undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. B)are ready to face up to them
And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one C)remain indifferent to them
varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly D)are willing to get involved in them
opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the 23. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah
rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Winfrey show?
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash A) A new type of robot.
talk ”. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking BB))RRaacciisstt hhaattrreedd..
can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show CCC)))FFFaaammmiiilllyyy bbbuuudddgggeeettt ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg...
themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a DDD)))SSStttrrreeeeeettt vvviiiooollleeennnccceee...
different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and 24. DDDDDeeeeessssspppppiiiiittttteeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt aaaaapppppppppprrrrroooooaaaaaccccchhhhheeeeesssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee tttttwwwwwooooo tttttaaaaalllllkkkkk ssssshhhhhooooowwwwwsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee
exploitation of society’s moral catastrophes , yet people are bbbooottthhh ____________________________________...
willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other AAA)))iiirrrooonnniiicccaaalll
people’s lives. B)sensitive
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mmmaaaiiinnn tttaaarrrgggeeettt aaauuudddiiieeennnccceee aaarrreee mmmiiiddddddllleee-ccccclllllaaaaassssssssss AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaannnnnsssss..... MMMMMooooosssssttttt ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeeessssseeeee To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to
pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee ttttthhhhheeeee tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee..... MMMMMooooonnnnneeeeeyyyyy,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ssssstttttaaaaabbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy tttttooooo dddddeeeeeaaaaalllll wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh llllliiiiifffffeeeee’’’’’sssss understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too
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association with the youuuuunnnnnggggg aaaaaddddduuuuullllltttttsssss ooooofffff sssssoooooccccciiiiieeeeetttttyyyyy..... TTTTThhhhheeeeessssseeeee aaaaarrrrreeeee 1111188888- to efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive
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lessons to be learned underneath the show’s exploitation. goods and then convert them into money.
While the two shows are as different as night and day. Both Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of
have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and
caters to a different audience while both have a strong following demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy
from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the
pioneers in the talk show world. marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to
21. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and
and the Oprah Winfrey are ________________. dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy
A)more family-oriented and then go about making it available for purchase.
B)unusually popular This concept does not imply that business is benevolentor that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a Passage Three
company. There are always two sides to every business transaction Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
– the firm and the customer – and each must be satisfied before
trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut
recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation
and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of . Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and
catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity
Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however,
prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to
alongside the new King Customer ruled! determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions
26. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, of conflict among a sssaaammmpppllleee ooofff eeexxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss... SSSooommmeee ooofff ttthhheee eeexxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss
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A)the practice of turning goods into money not-for-ppprrrooofffiiittt ooorrrgggaaannniiizzzaaatttiiiooonnnsss...
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27. What was the main concern of industrialists before the ssssssstttttttrrrrrrrooooooonnnnnnnggggggglllllllyyyyyyy bbbbbbbeeeeeeellllllliiiiiiieeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeeddddddd ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt cccccccooooooonnnnnnnfffffffllllllliiiiiiicccccccttttttt wwwwwwwaaaaaaasssssss bbbbbbbeeeeeeennnnnnneeeeeeefffffffiiiiiiiccccccciiiiiiiaaaaaaalllllll tttttttooooooo ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr ooooooorrrrrrrgggggggaaaaaaannnnnnniiiiiiizzzzzzzaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss
marketing concept was widely accepted? aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiittttt ppppprrrrrooooommmmmooooottttteeeeeddddd hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhheeeeerrrrr qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy dddddeeeeeccccciiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnn mmmmmaaaaakkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn mmmmmiiiiiggggghhhhhttttt bbbbbeeeee
A)The needs of the market. aaaacccchhhhiiiieeeevvvveeeedddd iiiinnnn tttthhhheeee aaaabbbbsssseeeennnncccceeee ooooffff ccccoooonnnnfffflllliiiicccctttt....
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people. with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that
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public. 31. In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is
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please. A)wrong
D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the B)oversimplified
consumer. C)misleading
30. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on D)unclear
___________. 32. Professor Charles R. Schwenk’s research shows
A)its main characteristic _______________.
B)its social impact A)the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
C)its possible consequence B)the real value of conflict
D)its theoretical basis C)the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict
D)the complexity of defining the roles of conflict33. We can learn from Schwenk’s research that ___________. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty
A)a person’s view of conflictis influenced by the purpose of acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through
his organization the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it’s
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes
organizations olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with
C)different people resolve conflicts in different ways the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But
D)it is impossible for people to avoid conflict critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being
34. The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids
____________. , compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease,
A)there is no end of conflict etc.
B)expression of different opinions is encouraged Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as
C)decisions must be justifiable cccaaarrrooottteeennnoooiiidddsss tttooo ttthhheeeiiirrr ppprrroooddduuuccctttsss nnnooowww... EEEvvveeennn sssooo,,, sssooommmeee nnnuuutttrrriiitttiiiooonnniiissstttsss aaarrreee
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B)are free to express diverse opinions __________________________________________...
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tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee ____________________________________________________________.....
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ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttsssss,,,,, wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh cccccooooonnnnntttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnn aaaaa cccccooooommmmmpppppooooouuuuunnnnnddddd cccccaaaaalllllllllleeeeeddddd ooooollllleeessstttrrraaa,,, sssaaayyy fffooooooddd 333888... Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that _____________.
mmmmmmaaaaaannnnnnuuuuuuffffffaaaaaaccccccttttttuuuuuurrrrrreeeeeerrrrrrssssss ccccccaaaaaannnnnn nnnnnnoooooowwwwww eeeeeelllllliiiiiimmmmmmiiiiiinnnnnnaaaaaatttttteeeeee ffffffaaaaaatttttt ffffffrrrrrroooooommmmmm cccccceeeeeerrrrrrttttttaaaaaaiiiiiinnnnnn ffffffooooooooooooddddddssssss...... CCCCCCrrrrrriiiiiittttttiiiiiiccccccssssss,,,,,, A)it passes through the intestines without being absorbed
hhhhhhhooooooowwwwwwweeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrr,,,,,,, sssssssaaaaaaayyyyyyy ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww cccccccooooooommmmmmmpppppppooooooouuuuuuunnnnnnnddddddd cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnn rrrrrrrooooooobbbbbbb ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee bbbbbbbooooooodddddddyyyyyyy ooooooofffffff eeeeeeesssssssssssssseeeeeeennnnnnntttttttiiiiiiiaaaaaaalllllll B)it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body
vitamins and nutrients aaaaannnnnddddd cccccaaaaannnnn aaaaalllllsssssooooo cccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee uuuuunnnnnpppppllllleeeeeaaaaasssssaaaaannnnnttttt sssssiiiiidddddeeeee C)it helps reduce the incidence of heart disease
eeeeffffffffeeeeccccttttssss iiiinnnn ssssoooommmmeeee ppppeeeeoooopppplllleeee.... SSSSoooo iiiitttt’’’’ssss uuuupppp ttttoooo ccccoooonnnnssssuuuummmmeeeerrrrssss ttttoooo ddddeeeeccciiidddeee wwwhhheeettthhheeerrr D)it prevents excessive intake of vitamins
the new fat-fffffrrrrreeeeeeeeee ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttsssss tttttaaaaasssssttttteeeee gggggooooooooooddddd eeeeennnnnooooouuuuuggggghhhhh tttttooooo kkkkkeeeeeeeeeeppppp eeeeeaaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg..... 39. What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some
CCChhheeemmmiiissstttsss dddiiissscccooovvveeerrreeeddd ooollleeessstttrrraaa iiinnn ttthhheee lllaaattteee 111999666000sss,,, wwwhhheeennn ttthhheeeyyy wwweeerrreee critics?
ssseeeaaarrrccchhhiiinnnggg fffooorrr aaa fffaaattt ttthhhaaattt cccooouuulllddd bbbeee dddiiigggeeesssttteeeddd bbbyyy iiinnnfffaaannntttsss mmmooorrreee eeeaaasssiiilllyyy... A)It may impair the digestive system.
Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that B)It may affect the overall fat intake.
can’t be digested at all. C)It may increase the risk of cancer.
Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab” D)It many spoil the consumers’ appetite.
molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used 40. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to
by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecule olestra?
of substances called fatty acids. A)It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.
The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with B)People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.
them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are C)The function of the intestines may be weakened.
present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins D)It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.
attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.21. B22. A23. C24. C25. D26. C27. B28. A29. D30. A A)to increase farm production
31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B B)to establish agricultural laws
C)to prevent farmers from going bankrupt
D)to promote the mechanization of agriculture
Passage One 23. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American
Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollowing passage: farmers to __________.
A)reduce their scale of production
In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as B)make full use of their land
European countries began to recover from World War I and C)adjust the prices of their farm products
instituted austerity programs to reduce their imports. The D)be self-sufficient in agricultural production
result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more 24. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act
disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers bbbeeecccaaauuussseee iiittt bbbeeellliiieeevvveeeddd ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee AAAcccttt __________________________________________...
were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, AAA)))mmmiiiggghhhttt cccaaauuussseee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr ssscccaaarrrccciiitttyyy ooofff fffaaarrrmmm ppprrroooddduuuccctttsss
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prices they received for their products fell. These developments DDDDD)))))bbbbbeeeeennnnneeeeefffffiiiiittttteeeeeddddd ooooonnnnneeeee gggggrrrrrooooouuuuuppppp ooooofffff ccccciiiiitttttiiiiizzzzzeeeeennnnnsssss aaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeennnnnssssseeeee ooooofffff ooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss
were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 222555... IIIIIIIttttttt wwwwwwwaaaaaaasssssss ccccccclllllllaaaaaaaiiiiiiimmmmmmmeeeeeeeddddddd ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww lllllllaaaaaaawwwwwwwsssssss pppppppaaaaaaasssssssssssssseeeeeeeddddddd ddddddduuuuuuurrrrrrriiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee RRRRRRRoooooooooooooossssssseeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeelllllllttttttt
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farmers. taxpayers
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ooonnneee ssspppeeeccciiiaaalll gggrrrooouuuppp ooofffffff pppppppeeeeeeeooooooopppppppllllllleeeeeee....... HHHHHHHooooooowwwwwwweeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrr,,,,,,, nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww lllllllaaaaaaawwwwwwwsssssss wwwwwwweeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeee pppppppaaaaaaasssssssssssssseeeeeeeddddddd conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our
iiiiimmmmmmmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiiaaaaattttteeeeelllllyyyyy ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt aaaaaccccchhhhhiiiiieeeeevvvvveeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeee sssssaaaaammmmmeeeee rrrrreeeeesssssuuuuulllllttttt ooooofffff rrrrreeeeessssstttttiiiiinnnnnggggg sssssoooooiiiiilllll aaaaannnnnddddd housework. But as useful as computers are, they’re nowhere close
providing flood-cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrrooooolllll mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeeesssss,,,,, bbbbbuuuuuttttt wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh wwwwweeeeerrrrreeeee bbbbbaaaaassssseeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations
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believed that rebuilding the natttiiiooonnn’’’sss sssoooiiilll wwwaaasss iiinnn ttthhheee nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll iiinnnttteeerrreeesssttt conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably
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citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that ten-month-old kid.
they could buy farm machinery, hybrid grain, and fertilizers. A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the
21. What brought about the decline in the demand for American field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has
farm products? been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought,
A)The impact of the Great Depression. like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical,
B)The shrinking of overseas markets. step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand,
C)The destruction caused by the First World War. takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature
D)The increased exports of European countries. came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study
22. The chief concern of the American government in the area of evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and
agriculture in the 1920s was ____________________. conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computersand transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. 29. What’s the author’s opinion about the new AI movement?
The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are A) It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence
peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but researchers but will soon die out.
surely moving to the forefront of the field. B)It’s breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.
Imitating the brain’s neural network is a huge step in C)It’s more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific
the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist effort.
Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural D)It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is
intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of sure of its future prospects.
color-coded transistors,” he explains, “but it’s not simply a clever 30. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase
network of switches. There are lots of important things going on “the only game in town” (Line 3, Para.4)?
inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifically, Conrad believes A) The only approach to building an artificially intelligent
that many of the brain’s capabilities stem from the computer.
pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that BBB))) TTThhheee ooonnnlllyyy wwwaaayyy fffooorrr ttthhheeemmm tttooo wwwiiinnn aaa ppprrriiizzzeee iiinnn aaarrrtttiiifffiiiccciiiaaalll iiinnnttteeelllllliiigggeeennnccceee
make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially rreesseeaarrcchh..
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sort of molecular skills. DDDDD)))))TTTTThhhhheeeee ooooonnnnnlllllyyyyy gggggaaaaammmmmeeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd llllliiiiikkkkkeeeee tttttooooo ppppplllllaaaaayyyyy iiiiinnnnn tttttooooowwwwwnnnnn.....
Right now, the notion that conventional computers and
software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes PPPaaassssssaaagggeee TTThhhrrreeeeee
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_______________. TTThhheeeyyy tttaaakkkeee aaa sssiiimmmiiilllaaarrr tttooollllll ooofff resources in other industrial
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the 50’s uuunnnaaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee economic, health-related and political costs. It is
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____________. Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle
AAAAA)))))ttttthhhhheeeee ssssshhhhhiiiiifffffttttt ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooocccccuuuuusssss ooooofffff ssssstttttuuuuudddddyyyyy ooooonnnnn tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeecccccooooogggggnnnnniiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of
shapes of objects conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful
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with logical, step-by-step programs particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity—is
C)the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are
a ten-month-old child attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer
D) the efforts made by scientists in the study of the only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use
similarities between transistors and brain cells could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental
28. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is
enormous efforts to _______. very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant
A)find a roundabout way to design powerful computers extent. In the U.S., mass-transit tidership and carpooling
B)build a computer using a clever network of switches have declined since World War II. Even in western Europe,
C)find out how intelligence developed in nature with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter (about $4 a gallon)
D)separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, carsstill account for 80 percent of all passenger travel. Passage Four
Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative
fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic
could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to shoes called “footwear for yuppies ”.
only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments,
(especially because oil companies are already spending billions of especially now that the company offers basketball and children’s
dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline). shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers
31. From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also
______________. point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking
A)consume half of the oil produced in the world boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic
B)have serious consequences for the well-being of all nations fffooooootttwwweeeaaarrr tttooo ttthhheeeiiirrr ppprrroooddduuucccttt llliiinnneeesss,,, aaallllll ooofff wwwhhhiiiccchhh ssshhhooouuulllddd aaattttttrrraaacccttt nnneeewww aaannnddd
C)widen the gap between the developed and developing countries vvvaaarrriiieeeddd gggrrrooouuupppsss ooofff cccuuussstttooommmeeerrrsss...
D) impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large SSSSttttiiiillllllll,,,, ddddeeeessssppppiiiitttteeee iiiittttssss eeeemmmmpppphhhhaaaassssiiiissss oooonnnn nnnneeeewwww mmmmaaaarrrrkkkkeeeettttssss,,,, RRRReeeeeeeehhhhooookkkk ppppllllaaaannnnssss ffffeeeewwww
cities ccchhhaaannngggeeesss iiinnn ttthhheee uuupppmmmaaakkkeeerrreeettt retailing network that
32. The U.S. has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle hhhhheeeeelllllpppppeeeeeddddd pppppuuuuussssshhhhh sssssaaaaallllleeeeesssss tttttooooo $$$$$11111 bbbbbiiiiilllllllllliiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnnnnnnuuuuuaaaaallllllllllyyyyy,,,,, aaaaahhhhheeeeeaaaaaddddd ooooofffff aaaaallllllllll ooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr ssssspppppooooorrrrrtttttsssss
use because __________. ssssssshhhhhhhoooooooeeeeeee mmmmmmmaaaaaaarrrrrrrkkkkkkkeeeeeeettttttteeeeeeerrrrrrrsssssss....... RRRRRRReeeeeeeeeeeeeebbbbbbboooooookkkkkkk ssssssshhhhhhhoooooooeeeeeeesssssss,,,,,,, wwwwwwwhhhhhhhiiiiiiiccccccchhhhhhh aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee ppppppprrrrrrriiiiiiiccccccceeeeeeeddddddd fffffffooooooorrrrrrrmmmmmmm $$$$$$$22222227777777 tttttttooooooo $$$$$$$88888885555555,,,,,,,
A)most Americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation wwwwwwwiiiiiiillllllllllllll cccccccooooooonnnnnnntttttttiiiiiiinnnnnnnuuuuuuueeeeeee tttttttooooooo bbbbbbbeeeeeee sssssssooooooolllllllddddddd ooooooonnnnnnnlllllllyyyyyyy iiiiiiinnnnnnn bbbbbbbeeeeeeetttttttttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrr ssssssspppppppeeeeeeeccccccciiiiiiiaaaaaaallllllltttttttyyyyyyy,,,,,,, ssssssspppppppooooooorrrrrrrtttttttiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg gggggggoooooooooooooodddddddsssssss,,,,,,, aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd
systems dddeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennnttt ssstttooorrreeesss,,, iiinnn aaaccccccooorrrdddaaannnccceee wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee cccooommmpppaaannnyyy’’’sss vvviiieeewww ttthhhaaattt
B)the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptable cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrrsssss jjjjjuuuuudddddgggggeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbrrrrraaaaannnnnddddd bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff iiiiitttttsssss
CCC)))ooottthhheeerrr cccooouuunnntttrrriiieeesss wwwiiillllll ppprrrooottteeesssttt iiitttsss iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggg gggrrreeeeeennnhhhooouuussseee eeemmmiiissssssiiiooonnnsss dddiiissstttrrriiibbbuuutttiiiooonnn...
DDD)))iiittt ssshhhooouuulllddd tttaaakkkeee aaa llleeeaaaddd iiinnn cccooonnnssseeerrrvvviiinnnggg nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss IIIIInnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaasssssttttt fffffeeeeewwwww yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee MMMMMaaaaassssssssssaaaaaccccchhhhhuuuuussssseeeeettttttttttsssss-based company has
33. WWWhhhiiiccchhh ooofff ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg iiisss ttthhheee bbbeeesssttt sssooollluuutttiiiooonnn tttooo ttthhheee ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss iiiiimmmmmpppppooooossssseeeeeddddd llllliiiiimmmmmiiiiitttttsssss ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnuuuuummmmmbbbbbeeeeerrrrr ooooofffff iiiiitttttsssss dddddiiiiissssstttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttooooorrrrrsssss (((((aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnuuuuummmmmbbbbbeeeeerrrrr ooooofffff
mentioned in the passage? sshhooeess ssuuppppllliiieeeddd tttooo ssstttooorrreeesss))),,, pppaaarrrtttlllyyy ooouuuttt ooofff nnneeeccceeessssssiiitttyyy... AAAttt tttiiimmmeeesss ttthhheee
AAA)))TTThhheee dddeeesssiiigggnnniiinnnggg ooofff hhhiiiggghhhlllyyy eeeffffffiiiccciiieeennnttt cccaaarrr eeennngggiiinnneeesss... uuunnneeexxxpppeeecccttteeeddd dddeeemmmaaannnddd fffooorrr RRReeeeeebbboookkk’’’sss eeexxxccceeeeeedddeeeddd sssuuupppppplllyyy,,, aaannnddd ttthhheee
B) A reduuuccctttiiiooonnn ooofff vvveeehhhiiicccllleee uuussseee iiinnn ccciiitttiiieeesss... cccooommmpppaaannnyyy cccooouuulllddd bbbaaarrreeelllyyy kkkeeeeeeppp uuuppp wwwiiittthhh ooorrrdddeeerrrsss fffrrrooommm ttthhheee dddeeeaaallleeerrrsss iiittt
CCC)))TTThhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt ooofff eeellleeeccctttrrriiiccc cccaaarrrsss... aaalllrrreeeaaadddyyy hhhaaaddd... TTThhheeessseee fffuuulllfffiiillllllmmmeeennnttt ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss ssseeeeeemmm tttooo bbbeee uuunnndddeeerrr cccooonnntttrrrooolll
DDD)))TTThhheee uuussseee ooofff llleeessssss pppooolllllluuutttiiinnnggg fffuuueeelllsss... nnnooowww,,, bbbuuuttt ttthhheee cccooommmpppaaannny is still selective about its distributors. At
34. WWWWWWhhhhhhiiiiiicccccchhhhhh ooooooffffff tttttthhhhhheeeeee ffffffoooooolllllllllllloooooowwwwwwiiiiiinnnnnngggggg iiiiiissssss pppppprrrrrraaaaaaccccccttttttiiiiiiccccccaaaaaallllll bbbbbbuuuuuutttttt oooooonnnnnnllllllyyyyyy mmmmmmaaaaaakkkkkkeeeeeessssss aaaaaa mmmmmmaaaaaarrrrrrggggggiiiiiinnnnnnaaaaaallllll ppprrreeessseeennnttt,,, RRReeeeeebbboookkk ssshhhoooeeesss aaarrreee aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee iiinnn aaabbbooouuuttt fffiiivvveee ttthhhooouuusssaaannnddd rrreeetttaaaiiilll
cccccccooooooonnnnnnntttttttrrrrrrriiiiiiibbbbbbbuuuuuuutttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn tttttttooooooo sssssssooooooolllllllvvvvvvviiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee ppppppprrrrrrrooooooobbbbbbbllllllleeeeeeemmmmmmm ooooooofffffff gggggggrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnhhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuussssssseeeeeee eeeeeeemmmmmmmiiiiiiissssssssssssssiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss??????? stores in the United States.
A)The use of fuels otheeerrr ttthhhaaannn gggaaasssooollliiinnneee... Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the
B)Improved energy efficiency. next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its
CCCCC)))))TTTTThhhhheeeee iiiiinnnnntttttrrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff llllleeeeessssssssss pppppooooolllllllllluuuuutttttiiiiinnnnnggggg dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg sssssyyyyysssssttttteeeeemmmmmsssss..... brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced
D)Reducing car use by carpooling. conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and
35. WWWhhhiiiccchhh ooofff ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg ssstttaaattteeemmmeeennntttsss iiisss TTTRRRUUUEEE aaaccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo ttthhheee careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution
passage? problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike
A) The decline of public transportation accounts for increased car misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to
use in western Europe. unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.
B) Car are popular in western Europe even though fuel prices are 36. One reason why Reebok’s managerial personnel don’t like
fairly high. their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that
C) The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option in _____________.
densely populated western Europe. A)they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different
D) Western European oil companies cannot sustain the cost of age groups
developing new-type fuels. B) new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive
shoesC)“yuppies” usually evokes a negative image by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful
D)the term makes people think of prohibitive prices hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with
37. Reekbok’s view that “consumers judge the quality of the both hemispheres resting at once.
brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 5, Para.2) Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide
implies that ____________. range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the
A)the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled
store selling it by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful
B)the quality of aproduct determines the quality of its distributors hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with
C)the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell it both hemispheres resting at once.
D) consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict
high-quality stores extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers,
38. Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors SSSuuurrreee eeennnooouuuggghhh,,, ttthhheee eeennnddd bbbiiirrrdddsss ttteeennndddeeeddd tttooo wwwaaatttccchhh cccaaarrreeefffuuullllllyyy ooonnn ttthhheee sssiiidddeee
because ____________. aaawwwaaayyy fffrrrooommm ttthhheeeiiirrr cccooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss... DDDuuuccckkksss iiinnn ttthhheee iiinnnnnneeerrr ssspppoootttsss ssshhhooowwweeeddd nnnooo
A)its supply of products fell short of demand ppprrreeefffeeerrreeennnccceee fffooorrr gggaaazzzeee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn...
B)too many distributors would cut into its profits AAAlllsssooo,,, bbbiiirrrdddsss dozing aaattt ttthhheee eeennnddd ooofff ttthhheee llliiinnneee rrreeesssooorrrttteeeddd tttooo
C) the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the sssiiinnngggllleee---hhhhheeeeemmmmmiiiiisssssppppphhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee sssssllllleeeeeeeeeeppppp,,,,, rrrrraaaaattttthhhhheeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn tttttoooootttttaaaaalllll rrrrreeeeelllllaaaaaxxxxxaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee ooooofffffttttteeeeennnnn
market ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaannnnnnn iiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeeeerrrrrrr ddddddduuuuuuuccccccckkkkkkksssssss dddddddiiiiiiiddddddd....... RRRRRRRoooooootttttttaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg 11111116666666 bbbbbbbiiiiiiirrrrrrrdddddddsssssss ttttttthhhhhhhrrrrrrrooooooouuuuuuuggggggghhhhhhh ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee pppppppooooooosssssssiiiiiiitttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss iiiiiiinnnnnnn aaaaaaa
D)it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products fffooouuurrr---ddddduuuuuccccckkkkk rrrrrooooowwwww,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss fffffooooouuuuunnnnnddddd ooooouuuuuttttteeeeerrrrr bbbbbiiiiirrrrrdddddsssss hhhhhaaaaalllllfffff-asleep during
39. AAAlllttthhhooouuuggghhh ttthhheee RRReeeeeebbboookkk CCCooommmpppaaannnyyy hhhaaasss sssooolllvvveeeddd ttthhheee ppprrrooobbbllleeemmm ooofff sssssooooommmmmeeeee 3333322222 pppppeeeeerrrrrccccceeeeennnnnttttt ooooofffff dddddooooozzzzziiiiinnnnnggggg tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee vvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssuuuuusssss aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt 1111122222 pppppeeeeerrrrrccccceeeeennnnnttttt fffffooooorrrrr bbbbbiiiiirrrrrdddddsssss iiiiinnnnn
fulfilling its orders, it ______. iiinnnttteeerrrnnnaaalll ssspppoootttsss...
A)does not want to further expand its retailing network “““““WWWWWeeeee bbbbbeeeeellllliiiiieeeeevvvvveeeee ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss iiiiisssss ttttthhhhheeeee fffffiiiiirrrrrsssssttttt eeeeevvvvviiiiidddddeeeeennnnnccccceeeee fffffooooorrrrr aaaaannnnn aaaaannnnniiiiimmmmmaaaaalllll
BB))ssttiillll lliimmiittss tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff sshhooeess ssuupppplliieedd ttoo ssttoorreess bbbbbeeeeehhhhhaaaaavvvvviiiiiooooorrrrraaaaallllllllllyyyyy cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrrooooolllllllllliiiiinnnnnggggg sssssllllleeeeeeeeeeppppp aaaaannnnnddddd wwwwwaaaaakkkkkeeeeefffffuuuuulllllnnnnneeeeessssssssss sssssiiiiimmmmmuuuuullllltttttaaaaannnnneeeeeooooouuuuussssslllllyyyyy iiiiinnnnn
C)is still particular about who sells its products dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt rrrrreeeeegggggiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbrrrrraaaaaiiiiinnnnn,,,,,””””” ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss sssssaaaaayyyyy.....
DDD)))ssstttiiillllll cccaaarrreeefffuuullllllyyy ccchhhoooooossseeesss ttthhheee mmmaaannnuuufffaaaccctttuuurrreeerrrsss ooofff iiitttsss ppprrroooddduuuccctttsss TThhee rreessuullttss ppprrrooovvviiidddeee ttthhheee bbbeeesssttt eeevvviiidddeeennnccceee fffooorrr aaa lllooonnnggg-standing
40. WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt llllleeeeessssssssssooooonnnnn hhhhhaaaaasssss RRRRReeeeeeeeeebbbbboooookkkkk llllleeeeeaaaaarrrrrnnnnneeeeeddddd fffffrrrrrooooommmmm NNNNNiiiiikkkkkeeeee’’’’’sssss dddddiiiiissssstttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttiiiiiooooonnnnn sssuuuppppppooosssiiitttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt sssiiinnngggllleee-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures
problems? ssscccaaannnnnneeeddd fffooorrr eeennneeemmmiiieeesss... TTThhheee ppprrreeefffeeerrreeennnccceee fffooorrr ooopppeeennniiinnnggg aaannn eeeyyyeee ooonnn ttthhheee
AAAAA))))) AAAAA cccccooooommmmmpppppaaaaannnnnyyyyy ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd nnnnnooooottttt ssssseeeeellllllllll iiiiitttttsssss hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhh qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy ssssshhhhhoooooeeeeesssss iiiiinnnnn dddddiiiiissssscccccooooouuuuunnnnnttttt lllooooookkkooouuuttt sssiiidddeee cccooouuulllddd bbbeee wwwiiidddeeesssppprrreeeaaaddd,,, hhheee ppprrreeedddiiiccctttsss... HHHeee’’’sss ssseeeeeennn iiittt iiinnn aaa pppaaaiiirrr
stores. ooofff bbbiiirrrdddsss dddooozzziiinnnggg side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird
BBBBB))))) AAAAA cccccooooommmmmpppppaaaaannnnnyyyyy ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd nnnnnooooottttt llllliiiiimmmmmiiiiittttt iiiiitttttsssss dddddiiiiissssstttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttiiiiiooooonnnnn nnneeetttwwwooorrrkkk... sssllleeeeeepppiiinnnggg bbbyyy mmmiiirrrrrrooorrr... TTThhheee mmmiiirrrrrrooorrr-side eye closed as if the reflection
CCC))) AAA cccooommmpppaaannnyyy ssshhhooouuulllddd dddooo fffooollllllooowww-uuuppp sssuuurrrvvveeeyyysss ooofff iiitttsss ppprrroooddduuuccctttsss... were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
DDDDD)))))AAAAA cccccooooommmmmpppppaaaaannnnnyyyyy ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd cccccooooorrrrrrrrrreeeeeccccctttttlllllyyyyy eeeeevvvvvaaaaallllluuuuuaaaaattttteeeee ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiimmmmmpppppaaaaacccccttttt ooooofffff aaaaa nnnnneeeeewwwww cccccrrrrraaaaazzzzzeeeee Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds
on the market. and such water mammals as dolphins, whales, and seals.
Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping
21. B22. C23. A24. D25. B26. D27. B2288.. CC222999... DDD3300.. A animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. D333888... AAA 333999... C 40. D Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome
M. Siegel of the UGLA says he wonders if birds’half-brain sleep
Passage One “is just the tip of the iceberg ”. He speculates that more
Questions 11 to 15 are based on thefollowing passage: examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
11. A new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that ____________.
Birds that are literally half-asleep—with one brain hemisphere A)birds can control their half-brain sleep consciously
alert and the other sleeping—control which side of the brain B)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest
remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. C)half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds
Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide D)half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves
range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the 12. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because
sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled ______________.A)they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions “balance.” TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal
B)the two halves of their brain are differently structured wounds, relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken
C)they have to watch out for possible attacks seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading
D)their brain hemisphere take turns to rest hospitals, at up to $70 an hour, the smooth patients’ energy,
13. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates sometimes during surgery.
that _____________. Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide
A)birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security such proof, TT therapists would have to sit down for independent
B)the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread testing—something they haven’t been eager to do, even though
C)a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can
D)even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (He’s had one
14. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT
awake in order to __________. ppprrraaaccctttiiitttiiiooonnneeerrrsss aaarrreee aaafffrrraaaiiiddd tttooo lllaaayyy ttthhheeeiiirrr bbbeeellliiieeefffsss ooonnn ttthhheee llliiinnneee... BBBuuuttt wwwhhhooo
A)avoid being swept away by rapid currents could turn down aaannn iiinnnnnnoooccceeennnttt fffooouuurrrttthhh-grader? Says Emily: “I think
B)emerge from water now and then to breathe tttthhhheeeeyyyy ddddiiiiddddnnnn’’’’tttt ttttaaaakkkkeeee mmmmeeee vvvveeeerrrryyyy sssseeeerrrriiiioooouuuussssllllyyyy bbbbeeeeccccaaaauuuusssseeee IIII’’’’mmmm aaaa kkkkiiiidddd....””””
C)alert themselves to the approaching enemy TTTTThhhhheeeee eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeerrrrriiiiimmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt wwwwwaaaaasssss ssssstttttrrrrraaaaaiiiiiggggghhhhhtttttfffffooooorrrrrwwwwwaaaaarrrrrddddd::::: 2222211111 TTTTTTTTTT ttttthhhhheeeeerrrrraaaaapppppiiiiissssstttttsssss ssssstttttuuuuuccccckkkkk
D)be sensitive to the ever-changing environment ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr hhhhhaaaaannnnndddddsssss,,,,, pppppaaaaalllllmmmmmsssss uuuuuppppp,,,,, ttttthhhhhrrrrrooooouuuuuggggghhhhh aaaaa ssssscccccrrrrreeeeeeeeeennnnn..... EEEEEmmmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy hhhhheeeeelllllddddd hhhhheeeeerrrrr ooooowwwwwnnnnn hhhhhaaaaannnnnddddd
15. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, Para.8), Siegel ooovvveeerrr ooonnneee ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrrsss—llleeefffttt ooorrr rrriiiggghhhttt———aaannnddd ttthhheee ppprrraaaccctttiiitttiiiooonnneeerrrsss hhhaaaddd tttooo sssaaayyy
suggests that ____________. wwwwwwwhhhhhhhiiiiiiiccccccchhhhhhh hhhhhhhaaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd iiiiiiittttttt wwwwwwwaaaaaaasssssss....... WWWWWWWhhhhhhheeeeeeennnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee rrrrrrreeeeeeesssssssuuuuuuullllllltttttttsssssss wwwwwwweeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeee rrrrrrreeeeeeecccccccooooooorrrrrrrdddddddeeeeeeeddddddd,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy’’’’’’’ddddddd dddddddooooooonnnnnnneeeeeee nnnnnnnooooooo
A) half-bbbrrraaaiiinnn sssllleeeeeeppp iiisss aaa ppphhheeennnooommmeeennnooonnn ttthhhaaattt cccooouuulllddd eeexxxiiisssttt aaammmooonnnggg ooottthhheeerrr bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee bbbbbyyyyy sssssiiiiimmmmmppppplllllyyyyy ggggguuuuueeeeessssssssssiiiiinnnnnggggg..... iiiiifffff ttttthhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee wwwwwaaaaasssss aaaaannnnn
species eeeennnneeeerrrrggggyyyy ffffiiiieeeelllldddd,,,, tttthhhheeeeyyyy ccccoooouuuullllddddnnnn’’’’tttt ffffeeeeeeeellll iiiitttt....
B)most birds living in cold regions tendtttooo bbbeee hhhaaalllfff sssllleeeeeepppeeerrrsss 16. WWWWWhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiisssss eeeeevvvvviiiiidddddeeeeennnnnccccceeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt TTTTTTTTTT iiiiisssss widely
C)the mystery of half-bbbrrraaaiiinnn sssllleeeeeeppp iiisss ccclllooossseee tttooo bbbeeeiiinnnggg sssooolllvvveeeddd ppprrraaaccctttiiiccceeeddd???
D)half-bbbrrraaaiiinnn sssllleeeeeeppp hhhaaasss sssooommmeeettthhhiiinnnggg tttooo dddooo wwwiiittthhh iiicccyyy wwweeeaaattthhheeerrr AAA)))TTTTTT hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn iiinnn eeexxxiiisssttteeennnccceee fffooorrr dddeeecccaaadddeeesss...
BBB)))MMMaaannnyyy pppaaatttiiieeennntttsss wwweeerrreee cccuuurrreeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheeerrraaapppeeeuuutttiiiccc tttooouuuccchhh...
Passage Two CCC)))TTTTTT ttthhheeerrraaapppiiissstttsss aaarrreee ooofffttteeennn eeemmmpppllloooyyyeeeddd bbbyyy llleeeaaadddiiinnnggg hhhooossspppiiitttaaalllsss...
QQQQuuuueeeessssttttiiiioooonnnnssss 11116666 ttttoooo 22220000 aaaarrrreeee bbbbaaaasssseeeedddd oooonnnn tttthhhheeee ffffoooolllllllloooowwwwiiiinnnngggg ppppaaaassssssssaaaaggggeeee:::: DDD)))MMMooorrreee ttthhhaaannn 111000000,,,000000000 pppeeeooopppllleee aaarrreee uuunnndddeeerrrgggoooiiinnnggg TTTTTT tttrrreeeaaatttmmmeeennnttt...
111777... VVVeeerrryyy fffeeewww TTTTTT ppprrraaaccctttiiitttiiiooonnneeers responded to the $1 million offer
A nine-year-ooolllddd sssccchhhoooooolllgggiiirrrlll sssiiinnngggllleee-hhhaaannndddeeedddlllyyy cccooooookkksss up a bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ____________________________________...
science-fffaaaiiirrr eeexxxpppeeerrriiimmmeeennnttt ttthhhaaattt eeennndddsss uuuppp dddeeebbbuuunnnkkkiiinnnggg A)they didn’t take the offer seriously
aaaaaaa wwwwwwwiiiiiiidddddddeeeeeeelllllllyyyyyyy ppppppprrrrrrraaaaaaaccccccctttttttiiiiiiiccccccceeeeeeeddddddd mmmmmmmeeeeeeedddddddiiiiiiicccccccaaaaaaalllllll tttttttrrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaatttttttmmmmmmmeeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt....... EEEEEEEmmmmmmmiiiiiiilllllllyyyyyyy RRRRRRRooooooosssssssaaaaaaa’’’’’’’sssssss tttttttaaaaaaarrrrrrrgggggggeeeeeeettttttt wwwwwwwaaaaaaasssssss aaaaaaa B)they didn’t want to risk their career
practice known as therapeutic tttttooooouuuuuccccchhhhh (((((TTTTTTTTTT fffffooooorrrrr ssssshhhhhooooorrrrrttttt))))),,,,, wwwwwhhhhhooooossssseeeee C)they were unwilling to reveal their secret
aaaaadddddvvvvvooooocccccaaaaattttteeeeesssss mmmmmaaaaannnnniiiiipppppuuuuulllllaaaaattttteeeee pppppaaaaatttttiiiiieeeeennnnntttttsssss’’’’’ “““““eeeeennnnneeeeerrrrrgggggyyyyy fffffiiiiieeeeelllllddddd””””” tttttooooo mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm fffffeeeeeeeeeelllll D)they thought it was not in line with their practice
betterrrrr aaaaannnnnddddd eeeeevvvvveeeeennnnn,,,,, sssssaaaaayyyyy sssssooooommmmmeeeee,,,,, tttttooooo cccccuuuuurrrrreeeee ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm ooooofffff vvvvvaaaaarrrrriiiiiooooouuuuusssss iiiiillllllllllsssss..... YYYYYeeeeettttt EEEEEmmmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy’’’’’sssss 18. The purpose of Emily Rosa’s experiment was ____________.
ttteeesssttt ssshhhooowwwsss ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeessseee eeennneeerrrgggyyy fffiiieeellldddsss cccaaannn’’’ttt bbbeee dddeeettteeecccttteeeddd,,, eeevvveeennn bbbyyy A)to see why TT could work the way it did
trained TT practitioners ... OOObbbvvviiiooouuussslllyyy mmmiiinnndddfffuuulll ooofff ttthhheee B)to find out how TT cured patient’s illness
publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg C)to test whether she could sense the human energy field
appearedon TV to declare, “Age doesn’t matter. It’s good science D)to test whether a human energy field really existed
that matters, and this is good science.” 19. Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of
Emily’s mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been Emily’s experiment?
campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought A)It involved nothing more than mere guessing.
about TT in the late ’80s, when she learned it was on the approved B)They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.
list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 C)It was more straightforward than other experiments.
trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) don’t even touch their D)They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment.
patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the 20. What can we learn from the passage?
patient’s body, pushing energy fields around until they’re in A)Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.B)Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories. relax.
C)Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners. 21. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of
D)The principle of TT is too profound to understand. automated highways __________.
A)are being planned
Passage Three B)are being modified
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: C)are now in wide use
D)are under construction
What might driving on an automated highway be like? The 22. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in
answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two that ________________.
distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a A)it would require only minor changes to existing highways
special—purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved B)it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency
for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully CCC))) iiittt hhhaaasss aaa lllaaannneee fffooorrr bbbooottthhh aaauuutttooommmaaattteeeddd aaannnddd pppaaarrrtttiiiaaallllllyyy aaauuutttooommmaaattteeeddd
automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated vehicles
or manually driven cars. A special-purpose land system would DDDD))))iiiitttt ooooffffffffeeeerrrrssss mmmmoooorrrreeee llllaaaannnneeeessss ffffoooorrrr aaaauuuuttttoooommmmaaaatttteeeedddd vvvveeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeeessss
require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, 23. WWWWWhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiisssss tttttrrrrruuuuueeeee aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg ooooonnnnn aaaaannnnn aaaaauuuuutttttooooommmmmaaaaattttteeeeeddddd
but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity. hhhiiiggghhhwwwaaayyy???
Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired AAAAAAA))))))) VVVVVVVeeeeeeehhhhhhhiiiiiiicccccccllllllleeeeeeesssssss tttttttrrrrrrraaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeeellllllliiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg ooooooonnnnnnn iiiiiiittttttt aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee aaaaaaassssssssssssssiiiiiiigggggggnnnnnnneeeeeeeddddddd dddddddiiiiiiiffffffffffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt lllllllaaaaaaannnnnnneeeeeeesssssss
destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at aaaccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo ttthhheeeiiirrr dddeeessstttiiinnnaaatttiiiooonnnsss...
ttthhheee bbbeeegggiiinnnnnniiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheee tttrrriiippp ooorrr pppeeerrrhhhaaapppsss jjjuuusssttt bbbeeefffooorrreee rrreeeaaaccchhhiiinnnggg ttthhheee BBBBB))))) AAAAA cccccaaaaarrrrr cccccaaaaannnnn jjjjjoooooiiiiinnnnn eeeeexxxxxiiiiissssstttttiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttrrrrraaaaaffffffffffiiiiiccccc aaaaannnnnyyyyy tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee in a mixed lane
aaauuutttooommmaaattteeeddd hhhiiiggghhhwwwaaayyy... IIIfff aaa mmmiiixxxeeeddd tttrrraaaffffffiiiccc sssyyysssttteeemmm wwwaaasss iiinnn ppplllaaaccceee,,, system.
aaauuutttooommmaaattteeeddd dddrrriiivvviiinnnggg cccooouuulllddd bbbeeegggiiinnn wwwhhheeennneeevvveeerrr ttthhheee dddrrriiivvveeerrr wwwaaasss ooonnn sssuuuiiitttaaabbblllyyy CCCCC))))) TTTTThhhhheeeee dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrr ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd iiiiinnnnnfffffooooorrrrrmmmmm hhhhhiiiiisssss cccccaaaaarrrrr cccccooooommmmmpppppuuuuuttttteeeeerrrrr ooooofffff hhhhhiiiiisssss
equipped roads. If special-purrrpppooossseee lllaaannneeesss wwweeerrreee aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee,,, ttthhheee cccaaarrr dddddeeeeessssstttttiiiiinnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn bbbbbeeeeefffffooooorrrrreeeee dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg ooooonnnnntttttooooo iiiiittttt.....
cccooouuulllddd eeennnttteeerrr ttthhheeemmm aaannnddd jjjoooiiinnn eeexxxiiissstttiiinnnggg tttrrraaaffffffiiiccc iiinnn tttwwwooo dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt wwwaaayyysss... DDD)))TTThhheee dddrrriiivvveeerrr ssshhhooouuulllddd ssshhhaaarrreee ttthhheee aaauuutttooommmaaattteeeddd lllaaannneee wwwiiittthhh ttthhhooossseee ooofff
One method would use a special onramp .. AAss tthhee ddrriivveerr rrrreeeegggguuuullllaaaarrrr vvvveeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeeessss....
aaaaapppppppppprrrrroooooaaaaaccccchhhhheeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeee pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt ooooofffff eeeeennnnntttttrrrrryyyyy fffffooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhhwwwwwaaaaayyyyy,,,,, dddddeeeeevvvvviiiiiccccceeeeesssss iiiiinnnnnssssstttttaaaaalllllllllleeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn 24. WWWeee kkknnnooowww fffooorrrmmm ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee ttthhhaaattt aaa cccaaarrr cccaaannn eeennnttteeerrr aaa
ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrroooooaaaaadddddsssssiiiiidddddeeeee wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd eeeeellllleeeeeccccctttttrrrrrooooonnnnniiiiicccccaaaaallllllllllyyyyy ccccchhhhheeeeeccccckkkkk ttttthhhhheeeee vvvvveeeeehhhhhiiiiicccccllllleeeee tttttooooo dddddeeeeettttteeeeerrrrrmmmmmiiiiinnnnneeeee iiiiitttttsssss ssspppeeeccciiiaaalll--ppuurrppoose lane __________.
dddddeeeeessssstttttiiiiinnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnddddd tttttooooo aaaaasssssccccceeeeerrrrrtttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiittttt hhhhhaaaaaddddd ttttthhhhheeeee ppppprrrrrooooopppppeeeeerrrrr aaaaauuuuutttttooooommmmmaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn AAA)))bbbyyy sssmmmoooooottthhhlllyyy mmmeeerrrgggiiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh cccaaarrrsss ooonnn ttthhheee cccooonnnvvveeennntttiiiooonnnaaalll lllaaannneee
eeeqqquuuiiipppmmmeeennnttt iiinnn gggooooooddd wwwooorrrkkkiiinnnggg ooorrrdddeeerrr... AAAssssssuuummmiiinnnggg iiittt pppaaasssssseeeddd sssuuuccchhh ttteeessstttsss,,, B)by way of a ramp with electronic control devices
tttttthhhhhheeeeee ddddddrrrrrriiiiiivvvvvveeeeeerrrrrr wwwwwwoooooouuuuuulllllldddddd tttttthhhhhheeeeeennnnnn bbbbbbeeeeee gggggguuuuuuiiiiiiddddddeeeeeedddddd tttttthhhhhhrrrrrroooooouuuuuugggggghhhhhh aaaaaa ggggggaaaaaatttttteeeeee aaaaaannnnnndddddd ttttttoooooowwwwwwaaaaaarrrrrrdddddd aaaaaannnnnn C)through a specially guarded gate
aaaaaaauuuuuuutttttttooooooommmmmmmaaaaaaattttttteeeeeeeddddddd lllllllaaaaaaannnnnnneeeeeee....... IIIIIIInnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhhiiiiiiisssssss cccccccaaaaaaassssssseeeeeee,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee tttttttrrrrrrraaaaaaannnnnnnsssssssiiiiiiitttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn fffffffrrrrrrrooooooommmmmmm mmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnnuuuuuuuaaaaaaalllllll tttttttooooooo D)after all trespassers are identified and removed
aaaaauuuuutttttooooommmmmaaaaattttteeeeeddddd cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrrooooolllll wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee ppppplllllaaaaaccccceeeee ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeennnnntttttrrrrraaaaannnnnccccceeeee rrrrraaaaammmmmppppp..... AAAAAnnnnn 25. When driving in an automated lane, the driver ___________.
aaalllttteeerrrnnnaaatttiiivvveee ttteeeccchhhnnniiiqqquuueee cccooouuulllddd eeemmmpppllloooyyy cccooonnnvvveeennntttiiiooonnnaaalll lllaaannneeesss,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh A)should harmonize with newly entering cars
wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee ssssshhhhhaaaaarrrrreeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy aaaaauuuuutttttooooommmmmaaaaattttteeeeeddddd aaaaannnnnddddd rrrrreeeeeggggguuuuulllllaaaaarrrrr vvvvveeeeehhhhhiiiiicccccllllleeeeesssss..... TTTTThhhhheeeee dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrr B)doesn’t have to rely on his computer system
wwwooouuulllddd sssttteeeeeerrr ooonnntttooo ttthhheee hhhiiiggghhhwwwaaayyy aaannnddd mmmooovvveee iiinnn nnnooorrrmmmaaalll fffaaassshhhiiiooonnn tttooo aaa C)should watch out for potential accidents
“““tttrrraaannnsssiiitttiiiooonnn””” lllaaannneee... TTThhheee vvveeehhhiiicccllleee wwwooouuulllddd ttthhheeennn ssshhhiiifffttt uuunnndddeeerrr cccooommmpppuuuttteeerrr D)doesn’t have to hold not to the steering wheel
control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation
of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well Passage Four
respected, because all trespassers could be swiftly Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
identified by authorities.)
Either approach to joining, a lane of automated traffic would Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very
harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence
already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read,
merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract
and once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the drive equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal
would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just education and bookish excellence as the true measures ofself-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that documents
has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to C)may make one mentally sick and physically weak
believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who D)does not mean that one is highly intelligent
is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent.” Yet 28. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows
mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the _____________.
properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an A)how to put up with some very prevalent myths
effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of B)how to find the best way to achieve success in life
every day. C)how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile
If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s D)how to persuade others to compromise
worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a 29. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that _____________.
useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your A)difficulties are but part of everyone’s life
inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose BBB)))dddeeeppprrreeessssssiiiooonnn aaannnddd uuunnnhhhaaappppppiiinnneeessssss aaarrreee uuunnnaaavvvoooiiidddaaabbbllleee iiinnn llliiifffeee
happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose CCC)))eeevvveeerrryyybbbooodddyyy ssshhhooouuulllddd llleeeaaarrrnnn tttooo aaavvvoooiiiddd tttrrryyyiiinnnggg ccciiirrrcccuuummmssstttaaannnccceeesss
unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because DDDD)))) ggggoooooooodddd ffffeeeeeeeelllliiiinnnnggggssss ccccaaaannnn ccccoooonnnnttttrrrriiiibbbbuuuutttteeee ttttoooo eeeevvvveeeennnnttttuuuuaaaallll aaaaccccaaaaddddeeeemmmmiiiicccc
you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D—Nervous exceelllleennccee
Break Down. 30. AAAAAccccccccccooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee,,,,, wwwwwhhhhhaaaaattttt kkkkkiiiiinnnnnddddd ooooofffff pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee aaaaarrrrreeeee rrrrraaaaarrrrreeeee?????
“Intelligent” people do not have N. B. D.’s because they are in AAAAAAA))))))) TTTTTTThhhhhhhooooooossssssseeeeeee wwwwwwwhhhhhhhooooooo dddddddooooooonnnnnnn’’’’’’’ttttttt eeeeeeemmmmmmmppppppphhhhhhhaaaaaaasssssssiiiiiiizzzzzzzeeeeeee bbbbbbbooooooooooooookkkkkkkiiiiiiissssssshhhhhhh eeeeeeexxxxxxxccccccceeeeeeelllllllllllllleeeeeeennnnnnnccccccceeeeeee iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr
charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over pppppuuuuurrrrrsssssuuuuuiiiiittttt ooooofffff hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss.....
dddeeeppprrreeessssssiiiooonnn,,, bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ttthhheeeyyy kkknnnooowww hhhooowww tttooo dddeeeaaalll wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss ooofff BBBBB))))) TTTTThhhhhooooossssseeeee wwwwwhhhhhooooo aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaawwwwwaaaaarrrrreeeee ooooofffff dddddiiiiiffffffffffiiiiicccccuuuuullllltttttiiiiieeeeesssss iiiiinnnnn llllliiiiifffffeeeee bbbbbuuuuuttttt kkkkknnnnnooooowwwww hhhhhooooowwwww
their lives... YYYooouuu cccaaannn bbbeeegggiiinnn tttooo ttthhhiiinnnkkk ooofff yyyooouuurrrssseeelllfff aaasss tttrrruuulllyyy iiinnnttteeelllllliiigggeeennnttt ooonnn tttooo aaavvvoooiiiddd uuunnnhhhaaappppppiiinnneeessssss...
ttthhheee bbbaaasssiiisss ooofff hhhooowww yyyooouuu ccchhhoooooossseee tttooo fffeeeeeelll iiinnn ttthhheee fffaaaccceee ooofff tttrrryyyiiinnnggg CCCCC)))))TTTTThhhhhooooossssseeeee wwwwwhhhhhooooo mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeee hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss bbbbbyyyyy aaaaannnnn aaaaabbbbbssssseeeeennnnnccccceeeee ooooofffff ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss
ccciiirrrcccuuummmssstttaaannnccceeesss... TTThhheee llliiifffeee ssstttrrruuuggggggllleeesss aaarrreee ppprrreeettttttyyy mmmuuuccchhh ttthhheee sssaaammmeee fffooorrr eeeaaaccchhh bbbbbuuuuuttttt ssssseeeeellllldddddooooommmmm sssssuuuuuffffffffffeeeeerrrrr fffffooooorrrrrmmmmm NNNNN..... BBBBB..... DDDDD.....’’’’’sssss.....
ooofff uuusss... EEEvvveeerrryyyooonnneee wwwhhhooo iiisss iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd wwwiiittthhh ooottthhheeerrr hhhuuummmaaannn bbbeeeiiinnngggsss iiinnn aaannnyyy DDD)))TTThhhooossseee wwwhhhooo aaarrreee aaabbbllleee tttooo ssseeecccuuurrreee hhhaaappppppiiinnneeessssss ttthhhooouuuggghhh hhhaaavvviiinnnggg tttooo
socialccccoooonnnntttteeeexxxxtttt hhhhaaaassss ssssiiiimmmmiiiillllaaaarrrr ddddiiiiffffffffiiiiccccuuuullllttttiiiieeeessss.... DDDDiiiissssaaaaggggrrrreeeeeeeemmmmeeeennnnttttssss,,,, ccccoooonnnnfffflllliiiiccccttttssss aaaannnndddd ssstttrrruuuggggggllleee aaagggaaaiiinnnsssttt tttrrryyyiiinnnggg ccciiirrrcccuuummmssstttaaannnccceeesss...
cccccooooommmmmppppprrrrrooooommmmmiiiiissssseeeeesssss aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaa pppppaaaaarrrrrttttt ooooofffff wwwwwhhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiittttt mmmmmeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn..... SSSSSiiiiimmmmmiiiiilllllaaaaarrrrrlllllyyyyy,,,,,
mmmmmooooonnnnneeeeeyyyyy,,,,, gggggrrrrrooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg ooooolllllddddd,,,,, sssssiiiiiccccckkkkknnnnneeeeessssssssss,,,,, dddddeeeeeaaaaattttthhhhhsssss,,,,, nnnnnaaaaatttttuuuuurrrrraaaaalllll dddddiiiiisssssaaaaasssssttttteeeeerrrrrsssss aaaaannnnnddddd 11. C) 1 3-6
aaaaacccccccccciiiiidddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaallllllllll eeeeevvvvveeeeennnnntttttsssss wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ppppprrrrreeeeessssseeeeennnnnttttt ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss tttttooooo vvvvviiiiirrrrrtttttuuuuuaaaaallllllllllyyyyy aaaaallllllllll
humaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeeeiiiiinnnnngggggsssss..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt sssssooooommmmmeeeee pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaabbbbbllllleeeee tttttooooo mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee iiiiittttt,,,,, tttttooooo aaaaavvvvvoooooiiiiiddddd A) B) D)
iiiiiiimmmmmmmmmmmmmmooooooobbbbbbbiiiiiiillllllliiiiiiizzzzzzziiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg dddddddeeeeeeeppppppprrrrrrreeeeeeessssssssssssssiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd uuuuuuunnnnnnnhhhhhhhaaaaaaappppppppppppppiiiiiiinnnnnnneeeeeeessssssssssssss dddddddeeeeeeessssssspppppppiiiiiiittttttteeeeeee sssssssuuuuuuuccccccchhhhhhh oooooooccccccccccccccuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnnccccccceeeeeeesssssss,,,,,,, 2
wwwwwwwhhhhhhhiiiiiiillllllleeeeeee ooooooottttttthhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrrsssssss cccccccooooooollllllllllllllaaaaaaapppppppssssssseeeeeee ooooooorrrrrrr hhhhhhhaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee aaaaaaannnnnnn NNNNNNN....... BBBBBBB....... DDDDDDD....... TTTTTTThhhhhhhooooooossssssseeeeeee wwwwwwwhhhhhhhooooooo rrrrrrreeeeeeecccccccooooooogggggggnnnnnnniiiiiiizzzzzzzeeeeeee (Earlier studies have documented...)
ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss aaaaasssss aaaaa hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn cccccooooonnnnndddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnddddd dddddooooonnnnn’’’’’ttttt mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeee hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss bbbbbyyyyy aaaaannnnn 12. A) 6 The results provide the best
absence ooooofffff ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmooooosssssttttt iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeelllllllllliiiiigggggeeeeennnnnttttt kkkkkiiiiinnnnnddddd ooooofffff hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnnsssss wwwwweeeee evidence for along standing supposition that single hemisphere
know; also, the most rare. sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies.(
26. AAAccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr,,, ttthhheee cccooonnnvvveeennntttiiiooonnnaaalll nnnoootttiiiooonnn ooofff
iiinnnttteeelllllliiigggeeennnccceee mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeeddd iiinnn ttteeerrrmmmsss ooofff ooonnneee’’’sss aaabbbiiillliiitttyyy tttooo rrreeeaaaddd,,, wwwrrriiittteee )
and compute _____________. 13. C) 6
A)is a widely held but wrong concept
B)will help eliminate intellectual prejudice ……
C)is the root of all mental distress
D)will contribute to one’s self-fulfillment
27. It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree C)
_____________. 14. B) 7 2 Perhaps keeping one
A) may result in one’s inability to solve complex real-life side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface
problems occasionally to avoid drowning.(
B) does not indicate one’s ability to write properly worded ) B)emerge from waternow and then to breathe( ) l single handly cooks up a science fair experiment the ends up
15. D) debunking a wide
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into ly practiced medical treatment. ( 9
sleep...He (Siegel)speculates that more examples may turn up when
we take closer look at other species.( )
…… 21. A) 1 2 3 The answer depends
) D) " on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types
" "just the tip of iceberg" are on the drawing board. (
16. C) 2 The claims are taken seriously )
enough that TTtherapists are frequently hired by leading drawingboard A) are being planned
hospitals.( TT
……) A) B) 22. B) 1 A special purpose
lllaaannneee sssyyysssttteeemmm wwwooouuulllddd rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee mmmooorrreee eeexxxttteeennnsssiiivvveee ppphhhyyysssiiicccaaalll mmmooodddiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss
" D) ttttoooo eeeexxxxiiiissssttttiiiinnnngggg hhhhiiiigggghhhhwwwwaaaayyyyssss,,,,bbbbuuuutttt iiiitttt pppprrrroooommmmiiiisssseeeessss tttthhhheeee ggggrrrreeeeaaaatttteeeesssstttt ggggaaaaiiiinnnnssss iiiinnnn ffffrrrreeeeeeeewwwwaaaayyyy
TT …… A) B) D) ccaappaacciittyy ((
)
17. C) 3 2 222333... C) 222 1 UUUnnndddeeerrr eeeiiittthhheeerrr sssccchhheeemmmeee,,, ttthhheee
( " '') TT dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrr wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd ssssspppppeeeeeccccciiiiifffffyyyyyttttthhhhheeeee dddddeeeeesssssiiiiirrrrreeeeeddddd dddddeeeeessssstttttiiiiinnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, fffffuuuuurrrrrnnnnniiiiissssshhhhhiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss
-- · iiiiinnnnnfffffooooorrrrrmmmmmaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttttooooo aaaaa cccccooooommmmmpppppuuuuuttttteeeeerrrrr iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee cccccaaaaarrrrr aaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbeeeeegggggiiiiinnnnnnnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee tttttrrrrriiiiippppp ooooorrrrr
" " (((TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee sssuuuccchhh pppppeeeeerrrrrhhhhhaaaaapppppsssss jjjjjuuuuusssssttttt bbbbbeeeeefffffooooorrrrreeeee rrrrreeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhhiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuutttttooooommmmmaaaaattttteeeeeddddd hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhhwwwwwaaaaayyyyy.....(((((
ppprrroooooofff,,, TTTTTT ttthhheeerrraaapppiiissstttsss wwwooouuulllddd hhhaaavvveee tttooo sssiiittt dddooowwwnnn fffooorrr iiinnndddeeepppeeennndddeeennnttt
testing sssooommmeeettthhhiiinnnggg ttthhheeeyyy hhhaaavvveeennn'''tttbbbeeeeeennn eeeaaagggeeerrr tttooo dddooo,,, eeevvveeennn ttthhhooouuuggghhh ) C)
JJJaaammmeeesss LLLaaannndddiii hhhaaasss oooffffffeeerrreeeddd mmmooorrreee ttthhhaaannn $$$ 111 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn tttooo aaannnyyyooonnneee wwwhhhooo cccaaannn BBB))) 2 2
demooonnnssstttrrraaattteee ttthhheee eeexxxiiisssttteeennnccceee ooofff aaa hhhuuummmaaannn eeennneeerrrgggyyy fffiiieeelllddd...))) on suuuiiitttaaabbblllyyy eeeqqquuuiiippppppeeeddd rrroooaaadddsss existing traffic D)
18. D) 1 TT 2 A)
?quot; """ wwwhhhooossseee aaadddvvvooocccaaattteeesss B) DDD)))
mmmmmaaaaannnnniiiiipppppuuuuulllllaaaaattttteeeee pppppaaaaatttttiiiiieeeeennnnnttttt'''''sssss """""eeeeennnnneeeeerrrrrgggggyyyyy fffffiiiiieeeeelllllddddd""""" tttttooooo mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm fffffeeeeeeeeeelllll bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr aaaaannnnnddddd 222444... B) 2 3 4 5
eeevvveeennn,,, sssaaayyy sssooommmeee,,, tttooo cccuuurrreee ttthhheeemmm ooofff vvvaaarrriiiooouuusss iiillllllsss 222 ……
" ((((…………ppppuuuusssshhhhiiiinnnngggg eeeennnneeeerrrrggggyyyy
fffiiieeedddsss aaarrrooouuunnnddd uuunnntttiiilll ttthhheeeyyy'''rrreee iiinnn """bbbaaalllaaannnccceee""")))""" ·
IIIfff ttthhheeerrreee wwwaaasss aaannn (If special purpose lanes were available,…One method
eeennneeerrrgggyyy fffiiieeelllddd,,, ttthhheeeyyy cccooouuullldddnnn'''ttt fffeeeeeelll iiittt...((( would use a special onramp. As drivers approached the point of
) C) entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would
AAA))) BBB))) electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to
ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good
19. D) 3 2 working order.)
A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay 25. D) 3 And once a vehicle
their beliefs on the line. But who would turn down an innocent, had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to
fourth grader?Says Emily:"I think they didn't take me very release the wheel, open the morning paperor just relax. (
seriously because I'm a kid".( TT
)
? " 26. A)
)
20. A) 1
A nine year old schoolgir A)27. D) form others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and
touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.
D) Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the
C) casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes,
gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us
friends, business and respect in the world.
28. C) A) Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to
(putting restsome very prevalent myths) the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four
B) D) languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have
C) 2 1 multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus
If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and
worth, then you are an intelligent person. ( pppooollliiiccceeemmmeeennn aaarrreee rrraaarrreee... OOOuuurrr tttrrraaannnssspppooorrrtttaaatttiiiooonnn sssyyysssttteeemmmsss hhhaaavvveee mmmaaapppsss iiinnn
) ' EEEnnngggllliiissshhh ooonnnlllyyy aaannnddd ooofffttteeennn wwweee ooouuurrrssseeelllvvveeesss hhhaaavvveee dddiiiffffffiiicccuuullltttyyy uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg
29. A) 4 2 3 4 them.
WWWWWhhhhheeeeennnnn wwwwweeeee gggggooooo aaaaabbbbbrrrrroooooaaaaaddddd,,,,, wwwwweeeee ttttteeeeennnnnddddd tttttooooo cccccllllluuuuusssssttttteeeeerrrrr iiiiinnnnn hhhhhooooottttteeeeelllllsssss aaaaannnnnddddd
(Everyone who is involved rrrrreeeeessssstttttaaaaauuuuurrrrraaaaannnnntttttsssss wwwwwhhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee EEEEEnnnnngggggllllliiiiissssshhhhh iiiiisssss ssssspppppoooookkkkkeeeeennnnn..... TTTTThhhhheeeee aaaaattttttttttiiiiitttttuuuuudddddeeeeesssss aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiinnnnnfffffooooorrrrrmmmmmaaaaatttttion
with other human in any social context has similar difficulties. wwwwwwweeeeeee pppppppiiiiiiiccccccckkkkkkk uuuuuuuppppppp aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee cccccccooooooonnnnnnndddddddiiiiiiitttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnneeeeeeeddddddd bbbbbbbyyyyyyy ttttttthhhhhhhooooooossssssseeeeeee nnnnnnnaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeesssssss—usually the
Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it rrriiiccchhheeerrr———wwwwwhhhhhooooo ssssspppppeeeeeaaaaakkkkk EEEEEnnnnngggggllllliiiiissssshhhhh..... OOOOOuuuuurrrrr bbbbbuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss dddddeeeeeaaaaallllliiiiinnnnngggggsssss,,,,, aaaaasssss wwwwweeeeellllllllll aaaaasssss ttttthhhhheeeee
means to be human.) A) B) nnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn’’’’’sssss dddddiiiiippppplllllooooommmmmaaaaacccccyyyyy,,,,, aaaaarrrrreeeee cccccooooonnnnnddddduuuuucccccttttteeeeeddddd ttttthhhhhrrrrrooooouuuuuggggghhhhh iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrrppppprrrrreeeeettttteeeeerrrrrsssss.....
BBBuuuttt sssooommmeee pppeeeooopppllleee aaarrreee aaabbbllleee tttooo FFFFFooooorrrrr mmmmmaaaaannnnnyyyyy yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss,,,,, AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaa aaaaannnnnddddd AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaannnnnsssss cccccooooouuuuulllllddddd gggggeeeeettttt bbbbbyyyyy wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh
mmmaaakkkeee iiittt,,, tttooo aaavvvoooiiiddd iiimmmmmmooobbbiiillliiizzziiinnnggg dddeeeppprrreeessssssiiiooonnn aaannnddd uuunnnhhhaaappppppiiinnneeessssss dddeeessspppiiittteee cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrraaaaalllll bbbbbllllliiiiinnnnndddddnnnnneeeeessssssssss aaaaannnnnddddd llllliiiiinnnnnggggguuuuuiiiiissssstttttiiiiiccccc iiiiigggggnnnnnooooorrrrraaaaannnnnccccceeeee..... AAAAAfffffttttteeeeerrrrr aaaaallllllllll,,,,, AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaa wwwwwaaaaasssss
such occurrences.( ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmooooosssssttttt pppppooooowwwwweeeeerrrrrfffffuuuuulllll cccccooooouuuuunnnnntttttrrrrryyyyy ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee fffffrrrrreeeeeeeeee wwwwwooooorrrrrlllllddddd,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee dddddiiiiissssstttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttooooorrrrr ooooofffff
) nnnnneeeeeeeeeedddddeeeeeddddd fffffuuuuunnnnndddddsssss aaaaannnnnddddd gggggoooooooooodddddsssss.....
BBBuuuttt aaallllll ttthhhaaattt iiisss pppaaasssttt... AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannn dddooollllllaaarrrsss nnnooo lllooonnngggeeerrr bbbuuuyyy aaallllll gggooooooddd
30. B) 4 TTTTThhhhhooooossssseeeee wwwwwhhhhhooooo rrrrreeeeecccccooooogggggnnnnniiiiizzzzzeeeee ttthhhiiinnngggsss,,, aaannnddd wwweee aaarrreee ssslllooowwwlllyyy bbbeeegggiiinnnnnniiinnnggg tttooo rrreeeaaallliiizzzeee ttthhhaaattt ooouuurrr ppprrrooopppeeerrr rrrooollleee
ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss aaaaasssss aaaaa hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn cccccooooonnnnndddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnddddd dddddooooonnnnn'''''ttttt mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeee hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss bbbbbyyyyy aaaaannnnn iiinnn ttthhheee wwwooorrrlllddd iiisss ccchhhaaannngggiiinnnggg... AAA 111999777999 HHHaaarrrrrriiisss pppooollllll rrreeepppooorrrttteeeddd ttthhhaaattt 555555
aaaaabbbbbssssseeeeennnnnccccceeeee ooooofffff ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmooooosssssttttt iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeelllllllllliiiiigggggeeeeennnnnttttt kkkkkiiiiinnnnnddddd ooooofffff hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn wwwwweeeee pppeeerrrccceeennnttt ooofff AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss wwwaaannnttt ttthhhiiisss cccooouuunnntttrrryyy tttooo ppplllaaayyy aaa mmmooorrreee sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt
know,also the most rare. ( rrrooollleee iiinnn wwwooorrrlllddd aaaffffffaaaiiirrrsss;;; wwweee wwwaaannnttt tttooo hhhaaavvveee aaa hhhaaannnddd iiinnn ttthhheee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt
dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss ooofff ttthhheee nnneeexxxttt ccceeennntttuuurrryyy,,, eeevvveeennn ttthhhooouuuggghhh iiittt mmmaaayyy nnnoootttalways be the
) upper hand.
21. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too
closely by Middle Easterners would most probably
Passage One ______________.
QQQuuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss 222111 tttooo 222555 aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee::: A)stand still
OOOuuurrr cccuuullltttuuurrreee hhhaaasss cccaaauuussseeeddd mmmooosssttt AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss tttooo aaassssssuuummmeee nnnooottt ooonnnlllyyy B)jump aside
that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are C)step forward
understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is D)draw back
the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or 22. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for
that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger their ___________.
to oneself is a sign of farewell. A)cultural self-centeredness
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops B)casual manners
occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to C)indifference toward foreign visitors
escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means D)arrogance towards other cultures
poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as 23. In countries other than their own most Americans
friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away _______________.A)are isolated by the local people are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn
B)are not well informed due to the language barrier toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken
C)tend to get along well with the natives ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat
D)need interpreters in hotels and restaurants shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel
24. According to the author, Americans’ cultural blindness and caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate and being
linguistic ignorance will ____________. thrown to the ground—possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck.
A)affect their image in the new era And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she
B)cut themselves off from the outside world can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her
C)limit their role in world affairs swollen, aching feet.
D)weaken the position of the US dollar 26. What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high
25. The author’s intention in writing this article is to make heels?
Americans realize that ________. A)The multi-fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnaaalll uuussseeeof high heels.
A)it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends BBB)))TTThhheeeiiirrr aaatttttteeemmmpppttt tttooo ssshhhooowww oooffffff ttthhheeeiiirrr ssstttaaatttuuusss...
B)it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs CCCC))))TTTThhhheeee rrrriiiicccchhhh vvvvaaaarrrriiiieeeettttyyyy ooooffff hhhhiiiigggghhhh hhhheeeeeeeellll ssssttttyyyylllleeeessss....
C)it is necessary to use several languages in public places DDDDD)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr wwwwwiiiiissssshhhhh tttttooooo iiiiimmmmmppppprrrrrooooovvvvveeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr aaaaappppppppppeeeeeaaaaarrrrraaaaannnnnccccceeeee.....
D)it is time to get acquainted with other cultures 27. TTTTThhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr’’’’’sssss ppppprrrrreeeeessssseeeeennnnntttttaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee pppppooooosssssiiiiitttttiiiiivvvvveeeee sssssiiiiidddddeeeee ooooofffff hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhh hhhhheeeeeeeeeelllllsssss iiiiisssss
mmmmeeeeaaaannnntttt ________________________________________________________....
Passage Two AAA)))tttooo bbbeee iiirrrooonnniiiccc
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: B)tttooo pppoookkkeee fffuuunnn aaattt wwwooommmeeennn
IIInnn dddeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennnttt ssstttooorrreeesss aaannnddd ccclllooossseeetttsss aaallllll ooovvveeerrr ttthhheee wwwooorrrlllddd,,, ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee CCCCC)))))tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee fffffaaaaaiiiiirrrrr tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee fffffaaaaassssshhhhhiiiiiooooonnnnn iiiiinnnnnddddduuuuussssstttttrrrrryyyyy
wwwaaaiiitttiiinnnggg... TTThhheeeiiirrr ooouuutttwwwaaarrrddd aaappppppeeeaaarrraaannnccceee ssseeeeeemmmsss rrraaattthhheeerrr aaappppppeeeaaallliiinnnggg bbbeeecccaaauuussseee DDDDD)))))tttttooooo mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee hhhhhiiiiisssss pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt cccccooooonnnnnvvvvviiiiinnnnnccccciiiiinnnnnggggg
ttthhheeeyyy cccooommmeee iiinnn aaa vvvaaarrriiieeetttyyy ooofff ssstttyyyllleeesss,,, ttteeexxxtttuuurrreeesss,,, aaannnddd cccooolllooorrrsss... BBBuuuttt ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee 222888... TTTTThhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr uuuuussssseeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeexxxxxppppprrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnn “““““ttttthhhhhooooossssseeeee bbbbbaaaaabbbbbiiiiieeeeesssss””””” (((((LLLLLiiiiinnnnneeeee 33333,,,,, PPPPPaaaaarrrrraaaaa.....22222)))))
ultimately ttthhheee bbbiiiggggggeeesssttt dddeeeccceeeppptttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt eeexxxiiissstttsss iiinnn ttthhheee fffaaassshhhiiiooonnn iiinnnddduuussstttrrryyy tttooo rrreeefffeeerrr tttooo hhhiiiggghhh hhheeeeeelllsss ______________________________...
tttooodddaaayyy... WWWhhhaaattt aaarrreee ttthhheeeyyy??? TTThhheeeyyy aaarrreee hhhiiiggghhh hhheeeeeelllsss ——— aaaa wwwwoooommmmaaaannnn’’’’ssss wwwwoooorrrrsssstttt AAA)))tttooo ssshhhooowww ttthhheeeiiirrr fffrrraaagggiiillleee ccchhhaaarrraaacccttteeerrriiissstttiiicccsss
eeeeennnnneeeeemmmmmyyyyy (((((wwwwwhhhhheeeeettttthhhhheeeeerrrrr ssssshhhhheeeee kkkkknnnnnooooowwwwwsssss iiiiittttt ooooorrrrr nnnnnooooottttt)))))..... HHHHHiiiiiggggghhhhh hhhhheeeeeeeeeelllll ssssshhhhhoooooeeeeesssss aaaaarrrrreeeee ttttthhhhheeeee BBB)))tttooo iiinnndddiiicccaaattteee ttthhheeeiiirrr fffeeemmmiiinnniiinnneee fffeeeaaatttuuurrreeesss
dddddooooowwwwwnnnnnfffffaaaaallllllllll ooooofffff mmmmmooooodddddeeeeerrrrrnnnnn sssssoooooccccciiiiieeeeetttttyyyyy..... FFFFFaaaaassssshhhhhiiiiiooooonnnnn mmmmmyyyyyttttthhhhhsssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee llllleeeeeddddd wwwwwooooommmmmeeeeennnnn tttttooooo CCC)))tttooo ssshhhooowww wwwooommmeeennn’’’sss aaaffffffeeeccctttiiiooonnn fffooorrr ttthhheeemmm
believe that they aaaaarrrrreeeee mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee bbbbbeeeeeaaaaauuuuutttttiiiiifffffuuuuulllll ooooorrrrr sssssoooooppppphhhhhiiiiissssstttttiiiiicccccaaaaattttteeeeeddddd fffffooooorrrrr wwwwweeeeeaaaaarrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg DDD)))tttooo eeemmmppphhhaaasssiiizzzeee ttthhheeeiiirrr sssmmmaaallllll sssiiizzzeee
hhhhheeeeeeeeeelllllsssss,,,,, bbbbbuuuuuttttt iiiiinnnnn rrrrreeeeeaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy,,,,, hhhhheeeeeeeeeelllllsssss sssssuuuuucccccccccceeeeeeeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn pppppooooosssssiiiiinnnnnggggg ssssshhhhhooooorrrrrttttt aaaaasssss wwwwweeeeellllllllll aaaaasssss lllllooooonnnnnggggg 222999... The author’s chief argument against high heels is that
tttttteeeeeerrrrrrmmmmmm hhhhhhaaaaaarrrrrrddddddsssssshhhhhhiiiiiippppppssssss...... WWWWWWoooooommmmmmeeeeeennnnnn sssssshhhhhhoooooouuuuuulllllldddddd ffffffiiiiiigggggghhhhhhtttttt tttttthhhhhheeeeee hhhhhhiiiiiigggggghhhhhh hhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeellllll iiiiiinnnnnndddddduuuuuussssssttttttrrrrrryyyyyy bbbbbbyyyyyy ____________.
rrrrrrreeeeeeefffffffuuuuuuusssssssiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg tttttttooooooo uuuuuuussssssseeeeeee ooooooorrrrrrr pppppppuuuuuuurrrrrrrccccccchhhhhhhaaaaaaassssssseeeeeee ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeemmmmmmm iiiiiiinnnnnnn ooooooorrrrrrrdddddddeeeeeeerrrrrrr tttttttooooooo sssssssaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee wwwwwwwooooooorrrrrrrlllllllddddddd fffffffrrrrrrrooooooommmmmmm A)they pose a threat to lawns
unnecessary ppphhhyyysssiiicccaaalll aaannnddd pppsssyyyccchhhooolllooogggiiicccaaalll sssuuuffffffeeerrriiinnnggg... B)they are injurious to women’s health
FFFFFooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee sssssaaaaakkkkkeeeee ooooofffff fffffaaaaaiiiiirrrrrnnnnneeeeessssssssss,,,,, iiiiittttt mmmmmuuuuusssssttttt bbbbbeeeee nnnnnooooottttteeeeeddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee iiiiisssss aaaaa C)they don’t necessarily make women beautiful
pppppooooosssssiiiiitttttiiiiivvvvveeeee sssssiiiiidddddeeeee tttttooooo hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhh hhhhheeeeeeeeeelllllsssss..... FFFFFiiiiirrrrrsssssttttt,,,,, hhhhheeeeeeeeeelllllsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee eeeeexxxxxccccceeeeelllllllllleeeeennnnnttttt fffffooooorrrrr aaaeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg D)they are ineffective as a weapon of defense
lllaaawwwnnnsss... AAAnnnyyyooonnneee wwwhhhooo hhhaaasss eeevvveeerrr wwwooorrrnnn hhheeeeeelllsss ooonnn gggrrraaassssss kkknnnooowwwsss 30. It can be inferred from the passage that women should
what I am talking about. A simpleee tttrrriiippp aaarrrooouuunnnddd ttthhheee yyyaaarrrddd iiinnn aaa pppaaaiiirrr ooofff _______________.
those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, A)see through the very nature of fashion myths
and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen B)boycott the products of the fashion industry
without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels C)go to a podiatrist regularly for advice
are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who D)avoid following fashion too closely
can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these
sharp, deadly fashion accessories. Passage Three
Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
that wearing high heels is harmful to one’s physical health. Talk to It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the
any podiatrist , and you will hear that the majority of depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of
their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all,and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to A)their fondness of music and TV programs
survive in our society. B)their ignorance of various forms of art and literature
But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming C)their lack of attentiveness and basic understanding
problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more D)their inability to focus on conflicting input
luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of he 34. The author claims that the best way a reader can show
middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is ____________.
silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, A)to be able to appreciate it and memorize it
that surround the image of the classic act of reading. it has been B)to analyze its essential features
suggested that almost 80 percent of America’s literate, educated C)to think it over conscientiously
teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise D)to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value
(music) in the background or a television screen flickering 35. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels
at the cornerof their field of perception. We know very little about ____________.
the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but A)upset
every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly BBB)))uuunnnccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnn
alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude CCC)))aaalllaaarrrmmmeeeddd
goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form DDD)))pppeeessssssiiimmmiiissstttiiiccc
of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction,
renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and PPPaaassssssaaagggeee FFFooouuurrr
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dddddddiiiiiiissssssstttttttrrrrrrriiiiiiibbbbbbbuuuuuuutttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn,,,,,,, aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd rrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaadddddddiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg....... NNNNNNNooooooo ooooooonnnnnnneeeeeee iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee bbbbbbbooooooooooooookkkkkkk iiiiiiinnnnnnnddddddduuuuuuussssssstttttttrrrrrrryyyyyyy cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnn sssssssaaaaaaayyyyyyy wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh accomplished some significant science simply by going where no
aaaaannnnnyyyyy cccccooooonnnnnfffffiiiiidddddeeeeennnnnccccceeeee wwwwwhhhhhaaaaattttt wwwwwiiiiillllllllll hhhhhaaaaappppppppppeeeeennnnn tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbooooooooookkkkk,,,,, aaaaasssss wwwwweeeee’’’’’vvvvveeeee kkkkknnnnnooooowwwwwnnnnn iiiiittttt..... scientists had gone before.
31. TTThhheee pppiiiccctttuuurrreee ooofff ttthhheee rrreeeaaadddiiinnnggg aaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff ttthhheee AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannn pppeeeooopppllleee,,, Today Mars looms as humanity’s next great terra
drawn by the author, is _____. incognita . And with doubtful prospects for a
A)rather bleak short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading
B)fairly bright memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation
C)very impressive in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits
D)quite encouraging or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their
32. The author’s biggest concern is ____________. tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be that science,
A)elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classics which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last
B)the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S. destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a
C)the musical setting American readers require for reading couple of others: Are there experiments that only humans could do
D) the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound
class enough to justify the expense of sending people across
33. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is interplanetary space?
___________. With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than theyhave ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, C)reveal the kind of conditions under which life originates
and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by D)provide an explanation why life is common in the universe
mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable,
liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions 21. D22. A 23. B24. C25. D26. D27. A28. C29. B30. D
that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars. 31. A 32. D 33. C34. A35. B36. D 37.C 38. A39. B40. C
A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present,
would give researchers invaluable data about the range of Passage One
conditions under which a planet can generate the complex Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollowing passage:
chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose
independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost
first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in
the prevalence of life in the universe. llluuuxxxuuurrryyy cccaaarrrsss,,, llliiikkkeee LLLeeexxxuuusss,,, BBBMMMWWW aaannnddd AAAuuudddiii... But it is a developing
36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in technology — mmmeeeaaannniiinnnggg ppprrriiiccceeesss ssshhhooouuulllddd eeevvveeennntttuuuaaallllllyyy drop — and the
going tounknown places in the past was ______________. market dddoooeeesss ssseeeeeemmm tttooo bbbeee gggrrrooowwwiiinnnggg...
A)to display their country’s military might EEEEEvvvvveeeeennnnn aaaaattttt cccccuuuuurrrrrrrrrreeeeennnnnttttt ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeeesssss,,,,, aaaaa nnnnnaaaaavvvvviiiiigggggaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn cccccooooommmmmpppppuuuuuttttteeeeer is impressive. It
B)to accomplish some significant science cccccaaaaannnnn ggggguuuuuiiiiidddddeeeee yyyyyooooouuuuu fffffrrrrrooooommmmm pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt tttttooooo pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt iiiiinnnnn mmmmmooooosssssttttt mmmmmaaaaajjjjjooooorrrrr ccccciiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh ppppprrrrreeeeeccccciiiiissssseeeee
C)to find new areas for colonization tttuuurrrnnn---bbbyyy-ttuurrnn ddiirreeccttiioonnss ——— ssssspppppoooookkkkkeeeeennnnn bbbbbyyyyy aaaaa cccccllllleeeeeaaaaarrrrr hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn- sounding
D)to pursue commercial and state interests vvvvvvvoooooooiiiiiiiccccccceeeeeee,,,,,,, aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd wwwwwwwrrrrrrriiiiiiitttttttttttttteeeeeeennnnnnn ooooooonnnnnnn aaaaaaa ssssssscccccccrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnn iiiiiiinnnnnnn fffffffrrrrrrrooooooonnnnnnnttttttt ooooooofffffff ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee dddddddrrrrrrriiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrr.......
37. At present, a probable inducemennnttt fffooorrr cccooouuunnntttrrriiieeesss tttooo iiinnniiitttiiiaaattteee TTThhheee cccooommmpppuuuuuttttteeeeerrrrr wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkksssss wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh aaaaannnnn aaaaannnnnttttteeeeennnnnnnnnnaaaaa ((((( ) that takes signals
large-scale space ventures is _____________. fffffrrrrrooooommmmm nnnnnooooo fffffeeeeewwwwweeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhhrrrrreeeeeeeeee ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee 2222244444 ggggglllllooooobbbbbaaaaalllll pppppooooosssssiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg sssssyyyyysssssttttteeeeemmmmm (((((GGGGGPPPPPSSSSS)))))
A)international cooperation sssssaaaaattttteeeeelllllllllliiiiittttteeeeesssss..... BBBBByyyyy mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee rrrrreeeeeqqqqquuuuuiiiiirrrrreeeeeddddd fffffooooorrrrr aaaaa sssssiiiiigggggnnnnnaaaaalllll tttttooooo tttttrrrrraaaaavvvvveeeeelllll
B)nationalistic reasons bbbbbeeeeetttttwwwwweeeeeeeeeennnnn ttttthhhhheeeee sssssaaaaattttteeeeelllllllllliiiiittttteeeeesssss aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaannnnnttttteeeeennnnnnnnnnaaaaa,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee cccccaaaaarrrrr’’’’’sssss lllllooooocccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn cccccaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeee
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BBB)))TTTooo ssseeeeee iiifff hhhuuummmaaannnsss cccooouuulllddd sssuuurrrvvviiivvveee ttthhheeerrreee... dddaaatttaaabbbaaassseee... SSStttrrreeeeeetttsss,,, lllaaannndddmmmaaarrrkkksss aaannnddd pppoooiiinnntttsssof interest are included.
CCC)))TTTooo ppprrrooovvveee ttthhheee fffeeeaaasssiiibbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff lllaaarrrgggeee-ssscccaaallleee ssspppaaaccceee vvveeennntttuuurrreeesss... MMoosstt ssyysstteemmss aarree bbaassiiccaallllyy iiddeennttiiccaall.. TThhee ddiiffffeerreenncceess ccoommee iinn
DDDDD)))))TTTTTooooo ssssshhhhhooooowwwww ttttthhhhheeeee llllleeeeeaaaaadddddiiiiinnnnnggggg rrrrrooooollllleeeee ooooofffff sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee iiiiinnnnn ssssspppppaaaaaccccceeeee eeeeexxxxxppppplllllooooorrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn..... hhhaaarrrdddwwwaaarrreee ——— the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for
39. BBBBBBByyyyyyy sssssssaaaaaaayyyyyyyiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg “““““““WWWWWWWiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh MMMMMMMaaaaaaarrrrrrrsssssss ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee sssssssccccccciiiiiiieeeeeeennnnnnntttttttiiiiiiifffffffiiiiiiiccccccc ssssssstttttttaaaaaaakkkkkkkeeeeeeesssssss aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee aaaaaaarrrrrrrggggggguuuuuuuaaaaaaabbbbbbblllllllyyyyyyy directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most
higher ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee eeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrr bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn””””” (((((LLLLLiiiiinnnnneeeee 11111,,,,, PPPPPaaaaarrrrraaaaa.....44444))))),,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr mmmmmeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or
that _________________. point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen
AAAAA)))))wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh MMMMMaaaaarrrrrsssss ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrriiiiissssskkkkksssss iiiiinnnnnvvvvvooooolllllvvvvveeeeeddddd aaaaarrrrreeeee mmmmmuuuuuccccchhhhh gggggrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttteeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn aaaaannnnnyyyyy ppppprrrrreeeeevvvvviiiiiooooouuuuusssss goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and
space ventures get directions to it.
BBB)))iiinnn ttthhheee cccaaassseee ooofff MMMaaarrrsss,,, ttthhheee rrreeewwwaaarrrdddsss ooofff sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc eeexxxppplllooorrraaatttiiiooonnn cccaaannn bbbeee BMW’s system offers a set of cross hairs ( )
very high that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map
C)in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than scale) to pick a point you’d like to get to. Audi’s screen can be
ever before switched to TV reception.
D)with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better
are at issue systems like BMW’s and Lexus’s having a wider vocabulary. The
40. The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and
_______________. Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters
A)make clear the complex chemistry in the development of life for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways (
B)confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on ), for example.
a meteorite 21. We learn from the passage that navigation computers________. But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t, and why the
A)will greatly promote sales of automobiles environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices,
B)may help solve potential traffic problems technological innovation, social change and government regulation
C)are likely to be accepted by more drivers in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental
D)wills soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
22. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so.
route to his destination ________. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is
A)by inputting the exact address also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that
B)by indicating the location of his car every time a material seems to be running short,the price has risen
C)by checking his computer database and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply,
D)by giving vocal orders to the computer tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new
23. Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in sssuuubbbssstttiiitttuuuttteee... FFFooorrr ttthhhiiisss rrreeeaaasssooonnn ppprrriiiccceeesss fffooorrr eeennneeerrrgggyyy aaannnddd fffooorrr mmmiiinnneeerrraaalllsss hhhaaavvveee
cars ________. fffaaalllllleeennn iiinnn rrreeeaaalll ttteeerrrmmmsss ddduuurrriiinnnggg ttthhheee ccceeennntttuuurrryyy... TTThhheee sssaaammmeee iiisss tttrrruuueee fffooorrr fffooooooddd...
A)are more or less the same price PPPPrrrriiiicccceeeessss fffflllluuuuccccttttuuuuaaaatttteeee,,,, iiiinnnn rrrreeeessssppppoooonnnnsssseeee ttttoooo hhhhaaaarrrrvvvveeeessssttttssss,,,, nnnnaaaattttuuuurrrraaaallll ddddiiiissssaaaasssstttteeeerrrrssss aaaannnndddd
B)provide directions in much the same way pppppooooollllliiiiitttttiiiiicccccaaaaalllll iiiiinnnnnssssstttttaaaaabbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy;;;;; aaaaannnnnddddd wwwwwhhhhheeeeennnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy rrrrriiiiissssseeeee,,,,, iiiiittttt tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeesssss sssssooooommmmmeeeee tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee bbbbbeeeeefffffooooorrrrreeeee
C)work on more or less the same principles nnnnneeeeewwwww sssssooooouuuuurrrrrccccceeeeesssss ooooofffff sssssuuuuupppppppppplllllyyyyy bbbbbeeeeecccccooooommmmmeeeee aaaaavvvvvaaaaaiiiiilllllaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaalllllwwwwwaaaaayyyyysssss dddddooooo,,,,,
D)receive instructions from the same satellites aaaaaaassssssssssssssiiiiiiisssssssttttttteeeeeeeddddddd bbbbbbbyyyyyyy nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww fffffffaaaaaaarrrrrrrmmmmmmmiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd cccccccrrrrrrroooooooppppppp ttttttteeeeeeeccccccchhhhhhhnnnnnnnooooooolllllllooooooogggggggyyyyyyy....... TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeee lllllllooooooonnnnnnnggggggg-term trend
24. The navigation computer functions ________. hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn dddddooooowwwwwnnnnnwwwwwaaaaarrrrrdddddsssss.....
A)by means of a direction finder and a speed detector IIIIIttttt iiiiisssss wwwwwhhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeeesssss aaaaannnnnddddd mmmmmaaaaarrrrrkkkkkeeeeetttttsssss dddddooooo nnnnnooooottttt ooooopppppeeeeerrrrraaaaattttteeeee ppppprrrrrooooopppppeeeeerrrrrlllllyyyyy ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss
B)basically on satellite signals and a map database benign ( ))))) tttttrrrrreeeeennnnnddddd bbbbbeeeeegggggiiiiinnnnnsssss tttttooooo ssssstttttuuuuummmmmbbbbbllllleeeee,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee gggggeeeeennnnnuuuuuiiiiinnnnneeeee ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss
C)mainly through the reception of turn-by-tttuuurrrnnn dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnnsss aaaaarrrrriiiiissssseeeee..... MMMMMaaaaarrrrrkkkkkeeeeetttttsssss cccccaaaaannnnnnnnnnooooottttt aaaaalllllwwwwwaaaaayyyyysssss kkkkkeeeeeeeeeeppppp ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt hhhhheeeeeaaaaalllllttttthhhhhyyyyy..... IIIIIfffff nnnnnooooo
DDD)))bbbyyy uuusssiiinnnggg aaa ssscccrrreeeeeennn tttooo dddiiisssppplllaaayyy sssaaattteeelllllliiittteee sssiiigggnnnaaalllsss ooooonnnnneeeee ooooowwwwwnnnnnsssss ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeesssssooooouuuuurrrrrccccceeeee cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeerrrrrnnnnneeeeeddddd,,,,, nnnnnooooo ooooonnnnneeeee hhhhhaaaaasssss aaaaannnnn iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrreeeeesssssttttt iiiiinnnnn
25. TTThhheee nnnaaavvviiigggaaatttiiiooonnn sssyyysssttteeemmmsss iiinnn cccaaarrrsss llliiikkkeee LLLeeexxxuuusss,,, BBBMMMWWW aaannnddd AAAuuudddiii cccccooooonnnnnssssseeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiittttt ooooorrrrr fffffooooosssssttttteeeeerrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiittttt::::: fffffiiiiissssshhhhh iiiiisssss ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbeeeeesssssttttt eeeeexxxxxaaaaammmmmpppppllllleeeee ooooofffff ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss.....
are mentioned to show ________.
AAA)))ttthhheee iiimmmmmmaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy ooofff ttthhheee nnneeewww ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy 26. AAAccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr,,, mmmooosssttt ssstttuuudddeeennntttsss ________________________...
BBB)))ttthhheee sssuuupppeeerrriiiooorrriiitttyyy ooofff ttthhheee ggglllooobbbaaalll pppooosssiiitttiiiooonnniiinnnggg sssyyysssttteeemmm AAA))) bbbeeellliiieeevvveee ttthhheee wwwooorrrlllddd’’’sss eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt iiisss iiinnn aaannn uuunnndddeeesssiiirrraaabbbllleee
CCCCC)))))ttttthhhhheeeee cccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee ooooofffff ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeee fffffllllluuuuuccccctttttuuuuuaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss iiiiinnnnn cccccaaaaarrrrr eeeeeqqqqquuuuuiiiiipppppmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt cccooonnndddiiitttiiiooonnn
DDDDD)))))ttttthhhhheeeee dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt wwwwwaaaaayyyyysssss ooooofffff ppppprrrrrooooovvvvviiiiidddddiiiiinnnnnggggg ggggguuuuuiiiiidddddaaaaannnnnccccceeeee tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrr B)agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it
iiisss ttthhhooouuuggghhhttt tttooo bbbeee
Passage Two C) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s
QQQuuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss 222666 tttooo 333000 aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee::: environment
“““““TTTTThhhhheeeee wwwwwooooorrrrrlllllddddd’’’’’sssss eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt iiiiisssss sssssuuuuurrrrrppppprrrrriiiiisssssiiiiinnnnnggggglllllyyyyy hhhhheeeeeaaaaalllllttttthhhhhyyyyy..... DDDDDiiiiissssscccccuuussssss...””” IIIfff D) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the
ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt wwwwweeeeerrrrreeeee aaaaannnnn eeeeexxxxxaaaaammmmmiiiiinnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttttooooopppppiiiiiccccc,,,,, mmmmmooooosssssttttt ssssstttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd ttttteeeeeaaaaarrrrr iiiiittttt aaaaapppppaaaaarrrrrttttt,,,,, world’s environment
oooffffffeeerrriiinnnggg aaa lllooonnnggg llliiisssttt ooofff cccooommmppplllaaaiiinnntttsss::: fffrrrooommm lllooocccaaalll sssmmmoooggg ((( ) to global 27. The huge increase in world production and population
climate change, from the felling ( ))) ooofff fffooorrreeessstttsss tttooo ttthhheee eeexxxtttiiinnnccctttiiiooonnn ________.
of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern A)has made the world a worse place to live in
legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks B)has had a positive influence on the environment
would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The C)has not significantly affected the environment
surprise is how good things are, not how bad. D)has made the world a dangerous place to live in
After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during 28. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has
this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would been downwards is that ________.
expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, A)technological innovation can promote social stability
consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 B)political instability will cause consumption to drop
(or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty C) new farming and crop technology can lead to
disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. overproductionD)new sourcesare always becoming available discriminative not to do so.
29. Fish resources are diminishing because ________. And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting
A)no new substitutes can be found in large quantities became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black
B)they are not owned by any particular entity children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are
C) improper methods of fishing have ruined the fishing the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is
grounds needed.
D)water pollution is extremely serious As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about
30. The primary solution to environmental problems is any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
________.
A)to allow market forces to operate properly 31. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past
B)to curb consumption of natural resources few decades?
C)to limit the growth of the world population AAA)))IIItttsss vvvaaallliiidddiiitttyyy wwwaaasssccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeeddd bbbyyy mmmaaannnyyy cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttiiieeesss...
D)to avoid fluctuations in prices BBB)))IIIttt wwwaaasss cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrreeeddd dddiiissscccrrriiimmmiiinnnaaatttiiivvveee aaagggaaaiiinnnsssttt mmmiiinnnooorrriiitttyyy ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn...
CCCC)))) IIIItttt mmmmeeeetttt wwwwiiiitttthhhh ssssttttrrrroooonnnngggg ooooppppppppoooossssiiiittttiiiioooonnnn ffffrrrroooommmm tttthhhheeee mmmmaaaajjjjoooorrrriiiittttyyyy ooooffff bbbbllllaaaacccckkkk
Passage Three parents.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: DDDDD))))) IIIIIttttt dddddeeeeeppppprrrrriiiiivvvvveeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbblllllaaaaaccccckkkkk ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr rrrrriiiiiggggghhhhhtttttsssss tttttooooo aaaaa gggggooooooooooddddd
eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn...
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably 333222... TTThhheee rrreeeccceeennnttt llleeegggggaaaaalllll aaaaaccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeennnnn bbbbbyyyyy sssssooooommmmmeeeee bbbbblllllaaaaaccccckkkkk pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss iiiiinnnnn
bbbeeecccaaammmeee iiinnnttteeerrreeesssttteeeddd iiinnn ssseeeeeeiiinnnggg tttooo iiittt ttthhhaaattt aaallllll ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn,,, wwwhhhaaattteeevvveeerrr ttthhheeeiiirrr CCCaaallliiifffooorrrnnniiiaaa aaaiiimmmeeeddd tttooo ________________________...
background, were fairly treated, intelliiigggeeennnccceee ttteeessstttiiinnnggg bbbeeecccaaammmeee AAAAA)))))dddddrrrrraaaaawwwww pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccc aaaaatttttttttteeeeennnnntttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttttooooo IIIIIQQQQQ ttttteeeeessssstttttiiiiinnnnnggggg
unpopular. BBBBB)))))pppppuuuuuttttt aaaaannnnn eeeeennnnnddddd tttttooooo ssssspppppeeeeeccccciiiiiaaaaalllll eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn
SSSooommmeee ttthhhooouuuggghhhttt iiittt wwwaaasss uuunnnfffaaaiiirrr tttooo mmmiiinnnooorrriiitttyyy ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn... TTThhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee CCCCC)))))rrrrreeeeemmmmmooooovvvvveeeee ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeee’’’’’sssss bbbbbaaaaannnnn ooooonnnnn iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeelllllllllliiiiigggggeeeeennnnnccccceeeee ttttteeeeessssstttttsssss
pppaaasssttt fffeeewww dddeeecccaaadddeeesss sssuuuccchhh ttteeessstttiiinnnggg hhhaaasss gggooonnneee ooouuuttt ooofff fffaaassshhhiiiooonnn aaannnddd mmmaaannnyyy DDD)))hhhaaavvveee ttthhheeeiiirrr ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn eeennnttteeerrr wwwhhhiiittteee sssccchhhoooooolllsss
communities have indeed forbidden it. 3333.. TThhee aauutthhoorr bbbeeellliiieeevvveeesss ttthhhaaattt iiinnnttteeelllllliiigggeeennnccceee ttteeessstttiiinnnggg ________________________...
HHHHHooooowwwwweeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrr,,,,, pppppaaaaarrrrraaaaadddddoooooxxxxxiiiiicccccaaaaallllllllllyyyyy,,,,, jjjjjuuuuusssssttttt rrrrreeeeeccccceeeeennnnntttttlllllyyyyy aaaaa gggggrrrrrooooouuuuuppppp ooooofffff bbbbblllllaaaaaccccckkkkk pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennntttsss AAA)))mmmaaayyy eeeaaassseee rrraaaccciiiaaalll cccooonnnfffrrrooonnntttaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnn ttthhheee UUUnnniiittteeeddd SSStttaaattteeesss
filed a lawsuit ( ))))) iiiiinnnnn CCCCCaaaaallllliiiiifffffooooorrrrrnnnnniiiiiaaaaa ccccclllllaaaaaiiiiimmmmmiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeee’’’’’sssss bbbbbaaaaannnnn ooooonnnnn BBB))) cccaaannn eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee bbblllaaaccckkk ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn tttooo kkkeeeeeeppp uuuppp wwwiiittthhh wwwhhhiiittteee
IIIIIQQQQQ ttttteeeeessssstttttiiiiinnnnnggggg dddddiiiiissssscccccrrrrriiiiimmmmmiiiiinnnnnaaaaattttteeeeesssss aaaaagggggaaaaaiiiiinnnnnsssssttttt ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn bbbbbyyyyy dddddeeeeennnnnyyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm ttttthhhhheeeee ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn
oooooppppppppppooooorrrrrtttttuuuuunnnnniiiiitttttyyyyy tttttooooo tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee ttttteeeeesssssttttt..... (((((TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy bbbbbeeeeellllliiiiieeeeevvvvveeeeeddddd,,,,, cccccooooorrrrrrrrrreeeeeccccctttttlllllyyyyy,,,,, ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt IIIIIQQQQQ ttttteeeeessssstttttsssss C) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the
aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaa vvvvvaaaaallllliiiiiddddd mmmmmeeeeettttthhhhhoooooddddd ooooofffff eeeeevvvvvaaaaallllluuuuuaaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn fffffooooorrrrr ssssppppeeeecccciiiiaaaallll eeeedddduuuuccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn UUUnnniiittteeeddd SSStttaaattteeesss
ccccccclllllllaaaaaaasssssssssssssseeeeeeesssssss.......))))))) TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeee jjjjjjjuuuuuuudddddddgggggggeeeeeee,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeefffffffooooooorrrrrrreeeeeee,,,,,,, rrrrrrreeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrrssssssseeeeeeeddddddd,,,,,,, aaaaaaattttttt llllllleeeeeeeaaaaaaasssssssttttttt pppppppaaaaaaarrrrrrrtttttttiiiiiiiaaaaaaallllllllllllllyyyyyyy,,,,,,, hhhhhhhiiiiiiisssssss D) can help black parents make decisions abut their
original decision. children’s education
AAAAAnnnnnddddd sssssooooo ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaarrrrrggggguuuuummmmmeeeeennnnnttttt gggggoooooeeeeesssss ooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnddddd ooooonnnnn..... DDDDDoooooeeeeesssss iiiiittttt bbbbbeeeeennnnneeeeefffffiiiiittttt ooooorrrrr hhhhhaaaaarrrrrmmmmm 34. The author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that
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have always been on thesssiiidddeee ooofff pppeeerrrmmmiiittttttiiinnnggg,,, eeevvveeennn fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaatttiiinnnggg,,, sssuuuccchhh A)no rules whatsoever can be prescribed
ttteeessstttiiinnnggg... IIIfff aaa ccchhhiiilllddd ooofff aaannnyyy cccooolllooorrr ooorrr gggrrrooouuuppp iiisss dddoooiiinnnggg pppoooooorrrlllyyy iiinnn sssccchhhoooooolll iiittt B)white families should adopt black children
seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she C)adoption should be based on IQ test results
is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause. D)cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
What school and family can do to improve poor performance 35. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that
is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either ________.
a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level. A)good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, B) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of
and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The children
same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than C)intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive
were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered issuesorganization of the first paragraph?
Passage Four A)Two contrasting views are presented.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are
Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the presented in order of time.
general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed D)A detailed description of the difference between urban and
people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin ( small-town life is given.
) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial 37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that
relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years urban residents ________.
a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not A)did not have the same interests as their neighbors
true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a B)could not develop long-standing relationships
smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a CCC)))ttteeennndddeeeddd tttooo bbbeee aaassssssoooccciiiaaattteeeddd wwwiiittthhh bbbaaaddd bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooorrr
resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact DDD)))uuusssuuuaaallllllyyy hhhaaaddd mmmooorrreee fffrrriiieeennndddsss
has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow 38. OOOOnnnneeee ooooffff tttthhhheeee ccccoooonnnnsssseeeeqqqquuuueeeennnncccceeeessss ooooffff uuuurrrrbbbbaaaannnn lllliiiiffffeeee iiiissss tttthhhhaaaatttt iiiimmmmppppersonal
that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. rrrrreeeeelllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnssssshhhhhiiiiipppppsssss aaaaammmmmooooonnnnnggggg nnnnneeeeeiiiiiggggghhhhhbbbbbooooorrrrrsssss ________________________________________.....
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties AAAAA)))))dddddiiiiisssssrrrrruuuuupppppttttt pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee’’’’’sssss nnnnnaaaaatttttuuuuurrrrraaaaalllll rrrrreeeeelllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss
within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality BBBBB)))))mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm wwwwwooooorrrrrrrrrryyyyy aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt cccccrrrrriiiiimmmmmeeeee
of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less CCCCC)))))cccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm nnnnnooooottttt tttttooooo ssssshhhhhooooowwwww cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeerrrrrnnnnn fffffooooorrrrr ooooonnnnneeeee aaaaannnnnooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr
urban people. Small-tttooowwwnnn rrreeesssiiidddeeennntttsss aaarrreee mmmooorrreee iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd wwwiiittthhh kkkiiinnn DDDDD)))))cccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee sssssuuuuussssspppppiiiiiccccciiiiiooooouuuuusssss ooooofffff eeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhh ooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr
than are big-ccciiitttyyy rrreeesssiiidddeeennntttsss... YYYeeettt ccciiitttyyy dddwwweeelllllleeerrrsss cccooommmpppeeennnsssaaattteee bbbyyy 39. IIIIIttttt cccccaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeee iiiiinnnnnfffffeeeeerrrrrrrrrreeeeeddddd fffffrrrrrooooommmmm ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbiiiiiggggggggggeeeeerrrrr aaaaa
dddeeevvveeelllooopppiiinnnggg fffrrriiieeennndddssshhhiiipppsss wwwiiittthhh pppeeeooopppllleee wwwhhhooo ssshhhaaarrreee sssiiimmmiiilllaaarrr iiinnnttteeerrreeessstttsss aaannnd cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttyyy iiisss,,, ________________________...
aaaccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss... UUUrrrbbbaaannniiisssmmm mmmaaayyy ppprrroooddduuuccceee aaa dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt ssstttyyyllleee ooofff llliiifffeee,,, bbbuuuttt ttthhheee AAAAA)))))ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr iiiiitttttsssss qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff llllliiiiifffffeeeee
qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy ooofff llliiifffeee dddoooeeesss nnnooottt dddiiiffffffeeerrr bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn tttooowwwnnn aaannnddd ccciiitttyyy... NNNooorrr aaarrreee BBB)))ttthhheee mmmooorrreee sssiiimmmiiilllaaarrr iiitttsss iiinnnttteeerrreeessstttsss
rrrreeeessssiiiiddddeeeennnnttttssss ooooffff llllaaaarrrrggggeeee ccccoooommmmmmmmuuuunnnniiiittttiiiieeeessss aaaannnnyyyy lllliiiikkkkeeeelllliiiieeeerrrr ttttoooo ddddiiiissssppppllllaaaayyyy ppppssssyyyycccchhhhoooollllooooggggiiiiccccaaaallll CCC)))ttthhheee mmmooorrreee tttooollleeerrraaannnttt aaannnddd ooopppeeennn-minded it is
sssssyyyyymmmmmppppptttttooooommmmmsssss ooooofffff ssssstttttrrrrreeeeessssssssss ooooorrrrr aaaaallllliiiiieeeeennnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, aaaaa fffffeeeeeeeeeellllliiiiinnnnnggggg ooooofffff nnnnnooooottttt bbbbbeeeeelllllooooonnnnngggggiiiiinnnnnggggg,,,,, ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn DDD))) ttthhheee llliiikkkeeellliiieeerrr iiittt iiisss tttooo dddiiisssppplllaaayyy pppsssyyyccchhhooolllooogggiiicccaaalll sssyyymmmppptttooommmsss ooofff
aaaaarrrrreeeee rrrrreeeeesssssiiiiidddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss ooooofffff sssssmmmmmaaaaalllllllllleeeeerrrrr cccccooooommmmmmmmmmuuuuunnnnniiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss..... HHHHHooooowwwwweeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrr,,,,, ccccciiiiitttttyyyyy dddddwwwwweeeeelllllllllleeeeerrrrrsssss dddddooooo stress
wwwwwooooorrrrrrrrrryyyyy mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt cccccrrrrriiiiimmmmmeeeee,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss llllleeeeeaaaaadddddsssss ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm tttttooooo aaaaa dddddiiiiissssstttttrrrrruuuuusssssttttt ooooofffff 444000... WWWhhhaaattt iiisss ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee mmmaaaiiinnnlllyyy aaabbbout?
strangers. A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between
TTTTTThhhhhheeeeeesssssseeeeee ffffffiiiiiinnnnnnddddddiiiiiinnnnnnggggggssssss ddddddoooooo nnnnnnooooootttttt iiiiiimmmmmmppppppllllllyyyyyy tttttthhhhhhaaaaaatttttt uuuuuurrrrrrbbbbbbaaaaaannnnnniiiiiissssssmmmmmm mmmmmmaaaaaakkkkkkeeeeeessssss lllllliiiiiittttttttttttlllllleeeeee oooooorrrrrr nnnnnnoooooo uuurrrbbbaaannniiittteeesss aaannnddd sssmmmaaallllll-town dwellers.
dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnccccceeeee..... IIIIIfffff nnnnneeeeeiiiiiggggghhhhhbbbbbooooorrrrrsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee ssssstttttrrrrraaaaannnnngggggeeeeerrrrrsssss tttttooooo ooooonnnnneeeee aaaaannnnnooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaarrrrreeeee llllleeeeessssssssss B)Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living
llllliiiiikkkkkeeeeelllllyyyyy tttttooooo ssssswwwwweeeeeeeeeeppppp ttttthhhhheeeee sssssiiiiidddddeeeeewwwwwaaaaalllllkkkkk ooooofffff aaaaannnnn eeeeellllldddddeeeeerrrrrlllllyyyyy cccccooooouuuuupppppllllleeeee llllliiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg nnnnneeeeexxxxxttttt dddddoooooooooorrrrr in small town.
ooooorrrrr kkkkkeeeeeeeeeeppppp aaaaannnnn eeeeeyyyyyeeeee ooooouuuuuttttt fffffooooorrrrr yyyyyooooouuuuunnnnnggggg tttttrrrrrooooouuuuubbbbbllllleeeee mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeeerrrrrsssss..... MMMMMooooorrrrreeeeeooooovvvvveeeeerrrrr,,,,, aaaaasssss WWWWWiiiiirrrrrttttthhhhh C)The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
sssssuuuuuggggggggggeeeeesssssttttteeeeeddddd,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee mmmmmaaaaayyyyy bbbbbeeeee aaaaa llllliiiiinnnnnkkkkk bbbbbeeeeetttttwwwwweeeeeeeeeennnnn aaaaa cccccooooommmmmmmmmmuuuuunnnnniiiiitttttyyyyy’’’’’sssss pppppooooopppppuuuuulllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn D)The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
size and its social heterogeneity ( )))... FFFooorrr iiinnnssstttaaannnccceee,,,
sssoooccciiiooolllooogggiiissstttsss hhhaaavvveee fffooouuunnnddd mmmuuuccchhh eeevvviiidddeeennnccceee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee sssiiizzzeee ooofff aaa 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B
drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their
small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan ( ) Passage One
outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollowing passage:
vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of
nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and When globalwarming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance
so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and ( ). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees
unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding
coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts
36. Which of the following statements best describes the spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically inNorth America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals B)has been getting warmer for 10,000 years
around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon C)will eventually change from hot to cold
their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that D)has gone through periodical changes
resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was 23. Scientists believe that human evolution ______.
farming: the global-warming crisis hat gave rise to it happened A)has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
more than 10,000 years ago. B)has exerted little influence on climatic changes
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to C)has largely been effected by climatic changes
ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the D)has had a major impact on climatic changes
midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in 24. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that ______.
the past — and how those changes have transformed human A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth’s
existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating environment
picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that BBB))) EEEaaarrrttthhh’’’sss eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt wwwiiillllll rrreeemmmaaaiiinnn mmmiiilllddd despite human
have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, interference
wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back CCCC)))) EEEEaaaarrrrtttthhhh’’’’ssss cccclllliiiimmmmaaaatttteeee iiiissss bbbboooouuuunnnndddd ttttoooo cccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee ssssiiiiggggnnnniiiiffffiiiiccccaaaannnnttttllllyyyy iiiinnnn tttthhhheeee
hundreds of millions of years. future
Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the DDDDD)))))EEEEEaaaaarrrrrttttthhhhh’’’’’sssss cccccllllliiiiimmmmmaaaaattttteeeee iiiiisssss uuuuunnnnnllllliiiiikkkkkeeeeelllllyyyyy tttttooooo uuuuunnnnndddddeeeeerrrrrgggggooooo sssssuuuuubbbbbssssstttttaaaaannnnntttttiiiiiaaaaalllll ccccchhhhhaaaaannnnngggggeeeeesssss
climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the iiinnn ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee
human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have 222555... TTTTThhhhheeeee mmmmmeeeeessssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr wwwwwiiiiissssshhhhheeeeesssss tttttooooo cccccooooonnnnnvvvvveeeeeyyyyy iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee iiiiisssss
ppplllaaayyyeeeddd aaa kkkeeeyyy rrrooollleee iiinnn nnneeeaaarrrlllyyy eeevvveeerrryyy sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt tttuuurrrnnniiinnnggg pppoooiiinnnttt iiinnn hhhuuummmaaannn that ______.
evolution: from the dawn of primates ( ))) sssooommmeee 666555 AAA))) hhhuuummmaaannn cccciiiivvvviiiilllliiiizzzzaaaattttiiiioooonnnn rrrreeeemmmmaaaaiiiinnnnssss gggglllloooorrrriiiioooouuuussss tttthhhhoooouuuugggghhhh iiiitttt iiiissss aaaaffffffffeeeecccctttteeeedddd
million years ago tttooo hhhuuummmaaannn aaannnccceeessstttooorrrsss rrriiisssiiinnnggg uuuppp tttooo wwwaaalllkkk ooonnn tttwwwooo llleeegggsss,,, bbbyyy cccllliiimmmaaatttiiiccc ccchhhaaannngggeeesss
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instances been driven by it. wwwaaarrrmmmiiinnnggg ppprrroooccceeessssss
TTTTThhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeewwwww rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhh hhhhhaaaaasssss ppppprrrrrooooofffffooooouuuuunnnnnddddd iiiiimmmmmpppppllllliiiiicccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss fffffooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee DDD)))hhhuuummmaaannn ccciiivvviiillliiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn wwwiiillllll cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp iiinnn ssspppiiittteee ooofff ttthhheee
eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnntttttaaaaalllll sssssuuuuummmmmmmmmmiiiiittttt iiiiinnnnn RRRRRiiiiiooooo..... AAAAAmmmmmooooonnnnnggggg ooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhhiiiiinnnnngggggsssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee fffffiiiiinnnnndddddiiiiinnnnngggggsssss ccchhhaaannngggeeesss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrreee
dddddeeeeemmmmmooooonnnnnssssstttttrrrrraaaaattttteeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt dddddrrrrraaaaammmmmaaaaatttttiiiiiccccc cccccllllliiiiimmmmmaaaaattttteeeee ccccchhhhhaaaaannnnngggggeeeee iiiiisssss nnnnnooooottttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnggggg nnnnneeeeewwwww fffffooooorrrrr ppppplllllaaaaannnnneeeeettttt
Earth. The benign ( )))))) gggggglllllloooooobbbbbbaaaaaallllll eeeeeennnnnnvvvvvviiiiiirrrrrroooooonnnnnnmmmmmmeeeeeennnnnntttttt tttttthhhhhhaaaaaatttttt hhhhhhaaaaaassssss eeeeeexxxxxxiiiiiisssssstttttteeeeeedddddd PPPaaassssssaaagggeee TTTwwwooo
over the past 1000,,,000000000 yyyeeeaaarrrsss — ddddduuuuurrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh aaaaagggggrrrrriiiiicccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeee,,,,, wwwwwrrrrriiiiitttttiiiiinnnnnggggg,,,,, Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
ccciiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd mmmooosssttt ooottthhheeerrr fffeeeaaatttuuurrreeesss ooofff ccciiivvviiillliiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn aaappppppeeeaaarrreeeddd — iiisss aaa mmmeeerrreee
bbbbbrrrrriiiiiggggghhhhhttttt ssssspppppooooottttt iiiiinnnnn aaaaa mmmmmuuuuuccccchhhhh lllllaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeeerrrrr pppppaaaaatttttttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnn ooooofffff wwwwwiiiiidddddeeeeelllllyyyyy vvvvvaaaaarrrrryyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg cccccllllliiiiimmmmmaaaaattttteeeee ooooovvvvveeeeerrrrr No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often
ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaagggggeeeeesssss..... IIIIInnnnn fffffaaaaacccccttttt,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaatttttttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnn ooooofffff cccccllllliiiiimmmmmaaaaattttteeeee ccccchhhhhaaaaannnnngggggeeeee iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaasssssttttt rrrrreeeeevvvvveeeeeaaaaalllllsssss attributed to the late Duchess ( ) of Windsor embodies
thaaattt EEEaaarrrttthhh’’’sss cccllliiimmmaaattteee wwwiiillllll aaalllmmmooosssttt ccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnnlllyyy gggooo ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh dddrrraaammmaaatttiiiccc much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a
changes in the future — eeevvveeennn wwwiiittthhhooouuuttt ttthhheee iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ooofff hhhuuummmaaannn virtue.
activity. The problem with such a view is that some people actually
attemptto live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow
21. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better
been obliged ______. —or worse —part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either,
A)to give up his former way of life but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in
B)toleave the coastal areas some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
C)to follow the ever-shifting vegetation Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter
D)to abandon his original settlement become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not
22. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate ______. repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from
A)is going through a fundamental change eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadlysins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem A)from an economic and educational perspective
getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a B)from sociological and medical points of view
symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of C)from a historical and religious standpoint
wealth and well-being. D)in the light of moral principles
Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our 30. What’s the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the
new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat — or even only idea of thinness?
somewhat overweight — is bad because it implies a lack of moral A) They should be more concerned with their overall
strength. lifestyle.
Our obsession ( ) with thinness is also fueled by health B)They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.
concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight C)They should gain weight to look healthy.
people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over-weight D) They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer
correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. clothes.
These diseases, however, many have as much to do with our way of
life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated PPaassssaaggee TThhrreeee
risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary QQQQQuuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss 3333311111 tttttooooo 3333355555 aaaaarrrrreeeee bbbbbaaaaassssseeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee:::::
problem — too much fat and a lack of fiber — than a weight
problem. WWWWWWWaaaaaaarrrrrrr mmmmmmmaaaaaaayyyyyyy bbbbbbbeeeeeee aaaaaaa nnnnnnnaaaaaaatttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrraaaaaaalllllll eeeeeeexxxxxxxppppppprrrrrrreeeeeeessssssssssssssiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn ooooooofffffff bbbbbbbiiiiiiiooooooolllllllooooooogggggggiiiiiiicccccccaaaaaaalllllll iiiiiiinnnnnnnssssssstttttttiiiiiiinnnnnnnccccccctttttttsssssss aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd
The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that dddddddrrrrrrriiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeesssssss tttttttooooooowwwwwwwaaaaaaarrrrrrrddddddd aaaaaaaggggggggggggggrrrrrrreeeeeeessssssssssssssiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee hhhhhhhuuuuuuummmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnn ssssssspppppppeeeeeeeccccccciiiiiiieeeeeeesssssss....... NNNNNNNaaaaaaatttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrraaaaaaalllllll iiiiiiimmmmmmmpppppppuuuuuuulllllllssssssseeeeeeesssssss ooooooofffffff
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ssstttrrrooonnnggg bbbooonnneeesss aaannnddd bbbooottthhh hhheeeaaarrrttt aaannnddd llluuunnnggg hhheeeaaalllttthhh... AAA bbbaaalllaaannnccceeeddd dddiiieeettt ttttthhhhhrrrrrooooouuuuuggggghhhhh aaaaaccccctttttsssss ooooofffff vvvvviiiiiooooollllleeeeennnnnccccceeeee..... TTTTThhhhheeeeessssseeeeesssss aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaallllllllll qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnnsssss ssssshhhhhaaaaarrrrreeeee
wwwiiittthhhooouuuttt aaa lllooottt ooofff fffaaattt cccaaannn aaalllsssooo hhheeelllppp ttthhheee bbbooodddyyy aaavvvoooiiiddd mmmaaannnyyy dddiiissseeeaaassseeesss... WWWeee wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh aaaaannnnniiiiimmmmmaaaaalllllsssss..... AAAAAggggggggggrrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnn iiiiisssss aaaaa kkkkkiiiiinnnnnddddd ooooofffff iiiiinnnnnnnnnnaaaaattttteeeee ((((( ) survival
ssshhhooouuulllddd sssuuurrreeelllyyy ssstttoooppp pppaaayyyiiinnnggg sssooo mmmuuuccchhh aaatttttteeennntttiiiooonnn tttooo wwweeeiiiggghhhttt... SSSiiimmmppplllyyy mmmmmeeeeeccccchhhhhaaaaannnnniiiiisssssmmmmm,,,,, aaaaannnnn iiiiinnnnnssssstttttiiiiinnnnncccccttttt fffffooooorrrrr ssssseeeeelllllfffff-preservation, that allows animals to
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be pure vainglory ( ). rrreeeddduuuccceeeddd tttooo aaannn iiinnnssstttiiinnncccttt... TTThhheee mmmaaannnyyy eeexxxppprrreeessssssiiiooonnnsss ooofff hhhuuummmaaannn vvviiiooollleeennnccceee
aaarrreee aaalllwwwaaayyysss cccooonnndddiiitttiiiooonnneeeddd bbbyyy sssoooccciiiaaalll cccooonventions that give shape to
26. IIIIInnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeeyyyyyeeeeesssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr,,,,, aaaaannnnn ooooodddddddddd ppppphhhhheeeeennnnnooooommmmmeeeeennnnnooooonnnnn nnnnnooooowwwwwaaaaadddddaaaaayyyyysssss iiiiisssss aaaggggggrrreeessssssiiivvveee bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooorrr... IIInnn hhhuuummmaaannn sssoooccciiieeetttiiieeesss vvviiiooollleeennnccceee hhhaaasss aaa sssoooccciiiaaalll
that ______. fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnn::: IIIttt iiisss aaa ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy fffooorrr cccrrreeeaaatttiiinnnggg ooorrr dddeeessstttrrroooyyyiiinnnggg fffooorrrmmmsss ooofff sssoooccciiiaaalll
AAAAAAA)))))))ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee DDDDDDDuuuuuuuccccccchhhhhhheeeeeeessssssssssssss ooooooofffffff WWWWWWWiiiiiiinnnnnnndddddddsssssssooooooorrrrrrr iiiiiiisssssss rrrrrrreeeeeeegggggggaaaaaaarrrrrrrdddddddeeeeeeeddddddd aaaaaaasssssss aaaaaaa wwwwwwwooooooommmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnn ooooooofffffff vvvvvvviiiiiiirrrrrrrtttttttuuuuuuueeeeeee....... order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the
BBBB))))llllooooooookkkkiiiinnnngggg sssslllliiiimmmm iiiissss aaaa ssssyyyymmmmbbbboooollll ooooffff hhhhaaaavvvviiiinnnngggg aaaa llllaaaarrrrggggeeee ffffoooorrrrttttuuuunnnneeee powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (
CCCC))))bbbbeeeeiiiinnnngggg tttthhhhiiiinnnn iiiissss vvvviiiieeeewwwweeeedddd aaaassss aaaa mmmmuuuucccchhhh ddddeeeessssiiiirrrreeeedddd qqqquuuuaaaalllliiiittttyyyy ) patterns within which human violence has been directed.
DDDDD)))))rrrrreeeeellllliiiiigggggiiiiiooooouuuuusssss pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee aaaaarrrrreeeee nnnnnooooottttt nnnnneeeeeccccceeeeessssssssssaaaaarrrrriiiiilllllyyyyy vvvvviiiiirrrrrtttttuuuuuooooouuuuusssss The violence within a society is controlled through institutions
27. SSSwwweeepppttt bbbyyy ttthhheee ppprrreeevvvaaaiiillliiinnnggg tttrrreeennnddd,,, ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr __________________... of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more
AAA)))hhhaaaddd tttooo gggooo ooonnn aaa dddiiieeettt fffooorrr ttthhheee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr pppaaarrrttt ooofff hhheeerrr llliiifffeee society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and
B)could still prevent herself from going off the track punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means
C)had to seek help from rich distant relatives to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may
D)had to wear highly fashionable clothes have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and
28. In human history, people’s views on body weight ______. punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in
A)were closely related to their religious beliefs legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes
B)changed from time to time depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility
C)varied between the poor and the rich for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they
D)led to different oral standards cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing
29. The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness punishment. In a sate controlled legal system, individuals are
______. removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence,and the state assumes responsibility for their protection. ethical standards on their people.
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military D)Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of
apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the the state in times of war.
other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the
state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the Passage Four
individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the
state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic
recommitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any
a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments. biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example,
they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful
31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior fffooorrr eeeaaaccchhh ooofff ttthhheee cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll ooorrr eeettthhhnnniiic minority groups being studied.
in that ______. IIInnn cccooonnnddduuuccctttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooonnn cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll aaannnddd eeettthhhnnniiiccc mmmiiinnnooorrriiitttyyy iiissssssuuueeesss,,,
A)it threatens the existing social systems iiiinnnnvvvveeeessssttttiiiiggggaaaattttoooorrrrssss ddddiiiissssttttiiiinnnngggguuuuiiiisssshhhh bbbbeeeettttwwwweeeeeeeennnn tttthhhheeee eeeemmmmiiiicccc aaaapppppppprrrrooooaaaacccchhhh aaaannnndddd tttthhhheeee eeeettttiiiicccc
B)it is influenced by society aaaaapppppppppprrrrroooooaaaaaccccchhhhh..... IIIIInnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeemmmmmiiiiiccccc aaaaapppppppppprrrrroooooaaaaaccccchhhhh,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee gggggoooooaaaaalllll iiiiisssss tttttooooo dddddeeeeessssscccccrrrrriiiiibbbbbeeeee bbbbbeeeeehhhhhaaaaavvvvviiiiiooooorrrrr iiiiinnnnn
C)it has roots in religious conflicts ooooonnnnneeeee cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeee ooooorrrrr eeeeettttthhhhhnnnnniiiiiccccc gggggrrrrrooooouuuuuppp iiinnn ttteeerrrmmmsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee mmmeeeaaannniiinnngggfffuuulll aaannnddd
D)it is directed against institutions of law iiiiiiimmmmmmmpppppppooooooorrrrrrrtttttttaaaaaaannnnnnnttttttt tttttttooooooo ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee pppppppeeeeeeeooooooopppppppllllllleeeeeee iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt cccccccuuuuuuullllllltttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrreeeeeee ooooooorrrrrrr eeeeeeettttttthhhhhhhnnnnnnniiiiiiiccccccc gggggggrrrrrrrooooooouuuuuuuppppppp,,,,,,, wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuuttttttt
32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is rrrrrrreeeeeeegggggggaaaaaaarrrrrrrddddddd tttttttooooooo ooooooottttttthhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrr cccccccuuuuuuullllllltttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrreeeeeeesssssss ooooooorrrrrrr eeeeeeettttttthhhhhhhnnnnnnniiiiiiiccccccc gggggggrrrrrrrooooooouuuuuuupppppppsssssss....... IIIIIIInnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee eeeeeeetttttttiiiiiiiccccccc aaaaaaapppppppppppppprrrrrrroooooooaaaaaaaccccccchhhhhhh,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee
______. gggggoooooaaaaalllll iiiiisssss tttttooooo dddddeeeeessssscccccrrrrriiiiibbbbbeeeee bbbbbeeeeehhhhhaaaaavvvvviiiiiooooorrrrr sssssooooo ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaallllliiiiizzzzzaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss cccccaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeee mmmmmaaaaadddddeeeee
A)to control violence within a society aaaaacccccrrrrrooooossssssssss cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeeesssss..... IIIIIfffff rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss cccccooooonnnnnssssstttttrrrrruuuuucccccttttt aaaaa qqqqquuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnnnnnnaaaaaiiiiirrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnn aaaaannnnn eeeeemmmmmiiiiiccccc
B)to protect the world from chaos fffffaaaaassssshhhhhiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeerrrrrnnnnn iiiiisssss ooooonnnnnlllllyyyyy ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee qqqqquuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee mmmmmeeeeeaaaaannnnniiiiinnnnngggggfffffuuuuulllll tttttooooo
C)to free society from the idea of revenge ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaarrrrrtttttiiiiicccccuuuuulllllaaaaarrrrr cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeee ooooorrrrr eeeeettttthhhhhnnnnniiiiiccccc gggggrrrrrooooouuuuuppppp bbbbbeeeeeiiiiinnnnnggggg ssssstttttuuuuudddddiiiiieeeeeddddd..... IIIIIfffff,,,,, hhhhhooooowwwwweeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrr,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee
DD))ttoo ggiivvee tthhee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt aabbssoolluuttee ppoowweerr rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss cccccooooonnnnnssssstttttrrrrruuuuucccccttttt aaaaa qqqqquuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnnnnnnaaaaaiiiiirrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnn aaaaannnnn eeeeetttttiiiiiccccc fffffaaaaassssshhhhhiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy wwwwwaaaaannnnnttttt
33. What does tttthhhheeee aaaauuuutttthhhhoooorrrr mmmmeeeeaaaannnn bbbbyyyy ssssaaaayyyyiiiinnnngggg ““““………… iiiinnnn lllleeeeggggaaaallll ssssyyyysssstttteeeemmmmssss,,,, ttoo iiinnncccllluuudddeee qqquuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss ttthhhaaattt rrreeefffllleeecccttt cccooonnnccceeeppptttsss fffaaammmiiillliiiaaarrr tttooo aaallllll cccuuullltttuuurrreeesss
ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeessssspppppooooonnnnnsssssiiiiibbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy fffffooooorrrrr rrrrreeeeevvvvveeeeennnnngggggeeeee bbbbbeeeeecccccooooommmmmeeeeesssss dddddeeeeepppppeeeeerrrrrsssssooooonnnnnaaaaallllliiiiizzzzzeeeeeddddd aaaaannnnn involved.
diffused” (Lines 5-66,, PPaarraa.. 22)) HHHooowww mmmiiiggghhhttt ttthhheee eeemmmiiiccc aaannnddd eeetttiiiccc aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhheeesss bbbeee rrreeefffllleeecccttteeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee
AAAAA))))) LLLLLeeeeegggggaaaaalllll sssssyyyyysssssttttteeeeemmmmmsssss gggggrrrrreeeeeaaaaatttttlllllyyyyy rrrrreeeeeddddduuuuuccccceeeee ttttthhhhheeeee pppppooooossssssssssiiiiibbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss ooooofffff ppppphhhhhyyyyysssssiiiiicccccaaaaalllll ssstttuuudddyyy ooofff fffaaammmiiilllyyy ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss??? IIInnn ttthhheee eeemmmiiiccc aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh,,, ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhheeerrrsss
violence. mmmiiiggghhhttt ccchhhoooooossseee tttooo fffooocccuuusss ooonnnlllyyy ooonnn mmmiiiddddddllleee-class White families, without
BBBBB))))) OOOOOffffffffffeeeeennnnnssssseeeeesssss aaaaagggggaaaaaiiiiinnnnnsssssttttt iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaalllllsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee nnnnnooooo lllllooooonnnnngggggeeeeerrrrr jjuuddggeedd oonn aa rrreeegggaaarrrddd fffooorrr wwwhhheeettthhheeerrr ttthhheee iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn ooobbbtttaaaiiinnneeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee ssstttuuudddyyy cccaaannn bbbeee
personal basis. generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a
CCCCC)))))VVVVViiiiiccccctttttiiiiimmmmmsssss ooooofffff vvvvviiiiiooooollllleeeeennnnnccccceeeee fffffiiiiinnnnnddddd iiiiittttt mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee dddddiiiiiffffffffffiiiiicccccuuuuulllllttttt tttttooooo tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee rrrrreeeeevvvvveeeeennnnngggggeeeee..... subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an etic
DDDDD))))) PPPPPuuuuunnnnniiiiissssshhhhhmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt iiiiisssss nnnnnooooottttt cccccaaaaarrrrrrrrrriiiiieeeeeddddd ooooouuuuuttttt dddddiiiiirrrrreeeeeccccctttttlllllyyyyy bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaalllllsssss approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but
involved. also lower-income White families, Black American families,
34. TTThhheee wwwooorrrddd “““aaalllllleeegggiiiaaannnccceee””” (((LLLiiinnneee 555,,, PPPaaarrraaa... 333))) iiisss ccclllooossseeesssttt iiinnn mmmeeeaaannniiinnnggg Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In
to ______. studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely
A)loyalty discover that the extended family is more frequently a support
B)objective system in ethnic minority families than in White American families.
C)survival If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family
D)motive interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to
A)Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times all ethnic groups.
of war.
B) In times of war governments may extend their power 36. According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with
across national borders. the target cultures are inclined to ______.
C) In times of war governments impose high religious and A)be overcautious in constructing meaningful measuresB)view them from their own cultural perspective receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of
C)guard against interference from their own culture business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread
D)accept readily what is alien to their own culture assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who
37. What does the author say about the emic approach and the want to run companies some day.
etic approach? “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a
A)They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of
issues. marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or
B)The formeris biased while the latter is objective. so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the
C)The former concentrates on the study of culture while the answer a lot more is: It depends.”
latter on family issues. The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the
D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire
conducting surveys. self-cccooonnnsssccciiiooouuusss dddeeebbbaaattteeesss ooonnn bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss sssccchhhoooooolll cccaaammmpppuuussseeesss ooovvveeerrr ttthhheee wwwooorrrttthhh
38. Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is ooofff aaa bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss dddeeegggrrreeeeee aaannnddd wwwhhheeettthhheeerrr mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt ssskkkiiillllllsss cccaaannn bbbeee tttaaauuuggghhhttt...
apparently more ______. TTTThhhheeee HHHHaaaarrrrvvvvaaaarrrrdddd BBBBuuuussssiiiinnnneeeessssssss RRRReeeevvvviiiieeeewwww pppprrrriiiinnnntttteeeedddd aaaa lllliiiivvvveeeellllyyyy,,,, ffffiiiiccccttttiiiioooonnnnaaaallll
A)culturally interactive eeeeexxxxxccccchhhhhaaaaannnnngggggeeeee ooooofffff llllleeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrrsssss tttttooooo dddddrrrrraaaaammmmmaaaaatttttiiiiizzzzzeeeee cccccooooommmmmppppplllllaaaaaiiiiinnnnntttttsssss aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt bbbbbuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss dddddeeeeegggggrrrrreeeeeeeeee
B)culture-oriented hhhooollldddeeerrrsss...
C)culturally biased TTTTThhhhheeeee aaaaarrrrrtttttiiiiicccccllllleeeee cccccaaaaalllllllllleeeeeddddd MMMMMBBBBBAAAAA hhhhhiiiiirrrrreeesss “““eeexxxtttrrreeemmmeeelllyyy dddiiisssaaappppppoooiiinnntttiiinnnggg””” aaannnddd
D)culture-specific sssssssaaaaaaaiiiiiiiddddddd “““““““MMMMMMMBBBBBBBAAAAAAAsssssss wwwwwwwaaaaaaannnnnnnttttttt tttttttooooooo mmmmmmmooooooovvvvvvveeeeeee uuuuuuuppppppp tttttttoooooooooooooo fffffffaaaaaaasssssssttttttt,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy dddddddooooooonnnnnnn’’’’’’’ttttttt uuuuuuunnnnnnndddddddeeeeeeerrrrrrrssssssstttttttaaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd
39. The etic approach is concerned with ______. pppppooooollllliiiiitttttiiiiicccccsssss aaaaannnnnddddd pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaarrrrreeeeennnnn’’’’’ttttt aaaaabbbbbllllleeeee tttttooooo fffffuuuuunnnnnccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaasssss pppppaaaaarrrrrttttt ooooofffff aaaaa
A)the general characteristics of minority families ttttteeeeeaaaaammmmm uuuuunnnnntttttiiiiilllll ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr ttttthhhhhiiiiirrrrrddddd yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrr..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeeennnnn,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy’’’’’rrrrreeeee ooooouuuuuttttt lllllooooooooookkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg fffffooooorrrrr
B)culture-rrreeelllaaattteeeddd cccooonnnccceeeppptttsss ooofff iiinnndddiiivvviiiddduuuaaalll eeettthhhnnniiiccc gggrrrooouuupppsss ooottthhheeerrr jjjooobbbsss...”””
CCC)))fffeeeaaatttuuurrreeesss ssshhhaaarrreeeddd bbbyyy vvvaaarrriiiooouuusss cccuuullltttuuurrreeesss ooorrr eeettthhhnnniiiccc gggrrrooouuupppsss TTTTThhhhheeeee ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmm,,,,, mmmmmooooossssstttttpppaaarrrtttiiiccciiipppaaannntttsss iiinnn ttthhheee dddeeebbbaaattteee aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee,,, iiisss
DDD)))ttthhheee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc cccooonnndddiiitttiiiooonnnsss ooofff dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt tttyyypppeeesss ooofff fffaaammmiiillliiieeesss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee MMMMMBBBBBAAAAA hhhhhaaaaasssss aaaaacccccqqqqquuuuuiiiiirrrrreeeeeddddd aaaaannnnn aura ( ) of future riches and
40. WWWWhhhhiiiicccchhhh ooooffff tttthhhheeee ffffoooolllllllloooowwwwiiiinnnngggg iiiissss ttttrrrruuuueeee ooooffff tttthhhheeee eeeetttthhhhnnnniiiicccc mmmmiiiinnnnoooorrrriiiittttyyyy ffffaaaammmmiiiilllliiiieeeessss ppppoooowwwweeeerrrr ffffaaaarrrr bbbbeeeeyyyyoooonnnndddd iiiittttssss aaaaccccttttuuuuaaaallll iiiimmmmppppoooorrrrttttaaaannnncccceeee aaaannnndddd uuuusssseeeeffffuuuullllnnnneeeessssssss....
iiinnn ttthhheee UUU...SSS... aaaccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee??? EEEnnnrrrooollllllmmmeeennnttt iiinnn bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss sssccchhhoooooolllsss eeexxxppplllooodddeeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee 111999777000sss aaannnddd
A)Their cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrraaaaalllll pppppaaaaatttttttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnnsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee uuuuusssssuuuuuaaaaallllllllllyyyyy mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee aaaaadddddaaaaappppptttttaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee..... 111999888000sss aaannnddd cccrrreeeaaattteeeddd ttthhheee aaassssssuuummmppptttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt nnnooo ooonnneee wwwhhhooo pppuuurrrsssuuueeeddd aaa
BBBBB)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrraaaaalllll cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeeppppptttttsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee dddddiiiiiffffffffffiiiiicccccuuuuulllllttttt tttttooooo cccccooooommmmmppppprrrrreeeeehhhhheeeeennnnnddddd..... bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss cccaaarrreeeeeerrr cccooouuulllddd dddooo wwwiiittthhhooouuuttt ooonnneee... TTThhheee gggrrrooowwwttthhh wwwaaasss fffuuueeellleeedddby a
CCCCC))))) TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy dddddooooonnnnn’’’’’ttttt iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrraaaaacccccttttt wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh eeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhh ooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr sssssooooo mmmmmuuuuuccccchhhhh aaaaasssss WWWWWhhhhhiiiiittttteeeee bbbaaaccckkklllaaassshhh ( ) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and
families. bbbyyy ttthhheee wwwooommmeeennn’’’sss mmmooovvveeemmmeeennnttt...
DDDDD)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee ccccclllllooooossssseeeeerrrrr fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy tttttiiiiieeeeesssss ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn WWWWWhhhhhiiiiittttteeeee fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiillllliiiiieeeeesssss..... Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say
21. A22. D23. C24. C25. B 26. C222777... AAA222888... AAA 29.B333000... AAA those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are
31.B32. A33. D34. A35. D333666... BBB333777... AAA38. D39. C444000... DDD not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of
grounding in the people side of the business,” said James Shaffer,
Passage One vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management
Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee... consulting firm.
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single 21. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude
earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts towards business on campuses dominated by purer
about the worth of the business world’s favoriteacademic title: the disciplines?
MBA (Master of Business Administration). A)Scornful C)
The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark Envious.
of lowly commerce and greed ( ) on the tree-lined campuses B) Appreciative. D)
ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. Realistic.
Buteven with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring 22. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees
of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to has been fueled mainly by ______.A)the complaints from various employers teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the
B)the success of many non-MBAs school system promised teachers and staff two months of
C)the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will
D)the poor performance of MBAs at work cost the district $275,000 more.
23. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager
The Harvard Business Review? to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The
A)They are usually serf-centered. Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to
B)They are aggressive and greedy. stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local
C)They keep complaining about their jobs. and national television stations and networks. The president of the
D)They are not good at dealing with people. National Education Association, the MEA’s parent organization,
24. From the passage we know that most MBAs _______. flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored
A)can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly sssccchhhoooooolll oooffffffiiiccciiiaaalllsss iiinnn ttthhheee aaarrrttt ooofff ttteeellleeevvviiisssiiiooonnn iiinnnttteeerrrvvviiieeewwwsss... SSSccchhhoooooolll
B)quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates sssuuupppeeerrrvvviiisssooorrr DDDoooyyyllleee DDDiiisssbbbrrrooowww aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeeesss ttthhheee dddiiissstttrrriiicccttt cccooouuulllddd hhhaaavvveee
C) receive salaries that do not match their professional kkkkeeeepppptttt sssscccchhhhoooooooollllssss ooooppppeeeennnn bbbbyyyy ccccuuuuttttttttiiiinnnngggg pppprrrrooooggggrrrraaaammmmssss bbbbuuuutttt ddddeeeennnniiiieeeessss tttthhhheeee mmmmoooovvvveeeessss wwwweeeerrrreeee
training pppooollliiitttiiicccaaallllllyyy mmmoootttiiivvvaaattteeeddd...
D)cherish unrealistic expectations about their future MMMMMiiiiiccccchhhhhiiiiigggggaaaaannnnn lllllaaaaawwwwwmmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeeerrrrrsssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee rrrrreeeeeaaaaacccccted angrily to the closings.
25. What is the passage mainly about? TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeee ssssssstttttttaaaaaaattttttteeeeeee SSSSSSSeeeeeeennnnnnnaaaaaaattttttteeeeeee hhhhhhhaaaaaaasssssss aaaaaaalllllllrrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaadddddddyyyyyyy vvvvvvvooooooottttttteeeeeeeddddddd tttttttooooooo pppppppuuuuuuuttttttt ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee sssssssyyyyyyysssssssttttttteeeeeeemmmmmmm iiiiiiinnnnnnntttttttooooooo
A)Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs. rrreeeccceeeiiivvveeerrrssshhhiiippp ( )))) aaaannnndddd rrrreeeeooooppppeeeennnn sssscccchhhhoooooooollllssss iiiimmmmmmmmeeeeddddiiiiaaaatttteeeellllyyyy;;;; tttthhhheeee
BBB))) TTThhheee nnneeeccceeessssssiiitttyyy ooofff rrreeefffooorrrmmmiiinnnggg MMMBBBAAA ppprrrooogggrrraaammmsss iiinnn bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss MMMMMiiiiiccccchhhhhiiiiigggggaaaaannnnn HHHHHooooouuuuussssseeeee ppppplllllaaaaannnnnsssss tttttooooo cccccooooonnnnnsssssiiiiidddddeeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbiiiiillllllllll ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss wwwwweeeeeeeeeekkkkk.....
schools. 26. WWWWWeeeee llllleeeeeaaaaarrrrrnnnnn fffffrrrrrooooommmmm ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt sssssccccchhhhhoooooooooolllllsssss iiiiinnnnn KKKKKaaaaalllllkkkkkaaaaassssskkkkkaaaaa,,,,,
CCC)))DDDooouuubbbtttsss aaabbbooouuuttt ttthhheee wwwooorrrttthhh ooofff hhhooollldddiiinnnggg aaannn MMMBBBAAA dddeeegggrrreeeeee... MMMMMiiiiiccccchhhhhiiiiigggggaaaaannnnn,,,,, aaaaarrrrreeeee fffffuuuuunnnnndddddeeeeeddddd ______________________________.....
DDD))) AAA dddeeebbbaaattteee hhheeelllddd rrreeeccceeennntttlllyyy ooonnn uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy cccaaammmpppuuussseeesss... AAAAA)))))bbbbbyyyyy bbbbbooooottttthhhhh ttttthhhhheeeee lllllooooocccccaaaaalllll aaaaannnnnddddd ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeee gggggooooovvvvveeeeerrrrrnnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnntttttsssss
BBB)))eeexxxcccllluuusssiiivvveeelllyyy bbbyyy ttthhheee lllooocccaaalll gggooovvvernment
Passage Two CCC)))mmmaaaiiinnnlllyyy bbbyyy ttthhheee ssstttaaattteee gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt
QQQuuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss 222666 tttooo 333000 aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee... DDD)))bbbyyy ttthhheee NNNaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll EEEddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn AAAssssssoooccciiiaaatttiiiooonnn
27. OOOnnneee ooofff ttthhheee pppuuurrrpppooossseeesss fffooorrr wwwhhhiiiccchhh sssccchhhoooooolll oooffffffiiiccciiiaaalllsss ccclllooossseeeddd ccclllaaasssssseeesss
WWWhhheeennn sssccchhhoooooolll oooffffffiiiccciiiaaalllsss iiinnn KKKaaalllkkkaaassskkkaaa,,, MMMiiiccchhhiiigggaaannn,,, ccclllooossseeeddd ccclllaaasssssseeesss wwwaaasss _____________________...
lllllaaaaasssssttttt wwwwweeeeeeeeeekkkkk,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiiaaaaa fffffllllloooooccccckkkkkeeeeeddddd tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttooooorrrrryyyyy,,,,, pppppooooorrrrrtttttrrrrraaaaayyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee tttttooooowwwwwnnnnn’’’’’sssss A)to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff
222,,,333000555 ssstttuuudddeeennntttsss aaasss vvviiiccctttiiimmmsss ooofff stingy ( )))) ttttaaaaxxxxppppaaaayyyyeeeerrrrssss.... TTTThhhheeeerrrreeee iiiissss B)to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues
sssooommmeee tttrrruuuttthhh tttooo ttthhhaaattt;;; ttthhheee ppprrrooopppeeerrrtttyyy-tttaaaxxx rrraaattteee hhheeerrreee iiisss ooonnneee-ttthhhiiirrrddd lllooowwweeerrr ttthhhaaannn C)to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff
ttthhheee ssstttaaattteee aaavvveeerrraaagggeee... BBBuuuttt ssshhhuuuttttttiiinnnggg ttthhheeeiiirrr sssccchhhoooooolllsss aaalllsssooo aaallllllooowwweeeddd known to the public
KKKKKaaaaalllllkkkkkaaaaassssskkkkkaaaaa’’’’’sssss eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttooooorrrrrsssss aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeee’’’’’sssss lllllaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeeesssssttttt ttttteeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss’’’’’ uuuuunnnnniiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee D) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state
MMMMMiiiiiccccchhhhhiiiiigggggaaaaannnnn EEEEEddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn AAAAAssssssssssoooooccccciiiiiaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, tttttooooo mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee aaaaa pppppooooollllliiiiitttttiiiiicccccaaaaalllll pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt..... TTTTThhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr funds for local schools
aaaiiimmm wwwaaasss tttooo ssspppuuurrr pppaaassssssaaagggeee ooofff llleeegggiiissslllaaatttiiiooonnn MMMiiiccchhhiiigggaaannn lllaaawwwmmmaaakkkeeerrrsss aaarrreee 28. The author seems to disapprove of _______.
debating to increase the state’s share of schhhoooooolll fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg... A)the Michigan lawmakers’ endless debating
It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two B)the shutting of schools in Kalkaska
weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. C)the involvement of the mass media
The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 D)delaying the passage of the school funding legislation
million needed to keep schools open. 29. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska
But the school system had not done all it could to keep the are more concerned about _______.
schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year’s state A)a raise in the property-tax rate in Michigan
aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not B)reopening the schools there immediately
consider seeking a smaller—perhaps more acceptable—tax C)the attitude of the MEA’s parent organization
increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant D)making a political issue of the closing of the schools
amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to 30. According to the passage, the closing of the schoolsdeveloped into a crisis because of ______. 31. The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced
A)the complexity of the problem by Bismarck _______.
B)the political motives on the part of the educators A)to make industrial production safer
C)the weak response of the state officials B)to speed up the pace of industrialization
D)the strong protest on the part of the students’ parents C)out of religious and political considerations
D) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor
Passage Three movement
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. 32. We learn from the passage that the process of
industrialization in Europe _______.
German Chancellor ( ) Otto Von Bismarck may be most A) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop
famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy ( ) accidents
includes many of today’s social insurance programs. During the BBB))) rrreeesssuuulllttteeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt ooofff pppooopppuuulllaaarrr sssoooccciiiaaalll iiinnnsssuuurrraaannnccceee
middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European programs
nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths CCCC)))) rrrreeeeqqqquuuuiiiirrrreeeedddd wwwwoooorrrrkkkkeeeerrrrssss ttttoooo bbbbeeee aaaawwwwaaaarrrreeee ooooffff tttthhhheeee ppppooootttteeeennnnttttiiiiaaaallll ddddaaaannnnggggeeeerrrrssss aaaatttt
and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in tthhee wwoorrkkppllaaccee
part by Christian compassion ( ) for the helpless as well as a DDDDD)))))mmmmmeeeeettttt gggggrrrrrooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg rrrrreeeeesssssiiiiissssstttttaaaaannnnnccccceeeee fffffrrrrrooooommmmm lllllaaaaabbbbbooooorrrrreeeeerrrrrsssss wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaattttt mmmmmachines
practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist 333333... OOOOOOOnnnnnnneeeeeee ooooooofffffff ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee ppppppprrrrrrrooooooobbbbbbbllllllleeeeeeemmmmmmmsssssss ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee AAAAAAAmmmmmmmeeeeeeerrrrrrriiiiiiicccccccaaaaaaannnnnnn iiiiiiinnnnnnnjjjjjjjuuuuuuurrrrrrreeeeeeeddddddd wwwwwwwooooooorrrrrrrkkkkkkkeeeeeeerrrrrrrsssssss fffffffaaaaaaaccccccceeeeeeeddddddd iiiiiiinnnnnnn
labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world’s first gggggeeeeettttttttttiiiiinnnnnggggg cccccooooommmmmpppppeeeeennnnnsssssaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeeaaaaarrrrrlllllyyyyy 1111199999ttttthhhhh ccccceeeeennnnntttttuuuuurrrrryyyyy wwwwwaaaaasssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt
workers’ compensation law in 1884. ______.
BBByyy 111999000888,,, ttthhheee UUUnnniiittteeeddd SSStttaaattteeesss wwwaaasss ttthhheee ooonnnlllyyy iiinnnddduuussstttrrriiiaaalll nnnaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnn AAAAA)))))ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy hhhhhaaaaaddddd tttttooooo hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooouuuuurrrrraaaaagggggeeeee tttttooooo sssssuuuuueeeee fffffooooorrrrr dddddaaaaammmmmaaaaagggggeeeeesssss iiiiinnnnn aaaaa cccccooooouuuuurrrrrttttt
ttthhheee wwwooorrrlllddd ttthhhaaattt lllaaaccckkkeeeddd wwwooorrrkkkeeerrrsss’’’ cccooommmpppeeennnsssaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnnsssuuurrraaannnccceee... AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaa’’’sss ooofff lllaaawww
iiinnnjjjuuurrreeeddd wwwooorrrkkkeeerrrsss cccooouuulllddd sssuuueee fffooorrr dddaaammmaaagggeeesss iiinnn aaa cccooouuurrrttt ooofff lllaaawww,,, bbbuuuttt ttthhheeeyyy BBBBB))))) dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt sssssuuuuummmmmsssss iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUU.....SSSSS..... hhhhhaaaaaddddd tttttoooootttttaaaaallllllllllyyyyy dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt
ssstttiiillllll fffaaaccceeeddd aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff tttooouuuggghhh llleeegggaaalll bbbaaarrrrrriiieeerrrsss... FFFooorrr eeexxxaaammmpppllleee,,, cccccooooommmmmpppppeeeeennnnnsssssaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ppppprrrrrooooogggggrrrrraaaaammmmmsssss
eeeemmmmppppllllooooyyyyeeeeeeeessss hhhhaaaadddd ttttoooo pppprrrroooovvvveeee tttthhhhaaaatttt tttthhhheeeeiiiirrrr iiiinnnnjjjjuuuurrrriiiieeeessss ddddiiiirrrreeeeccccttttllllyyyy rrrreeeessssuuuulllltttteeeedddd ffffrrrroooommmm CCC)))AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaa’’’sss aaavvveeerrraaagggeee cccooommmpppeeennnsssaaatttiiiooonnn bbbeeennneeefffiiittt wwwaaasss mmmuuuccchhh lllooowwweeerrr
eeeeemmmmmpppppllllloooooyyyyyeeeeerrrrr nnnnneeeeegggggllllliiiiigggggeeeeennnnnccccceeeee aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmmssssseeeeelllllvvvvveeeeesssss wwwwweeeeerrrrreeeee iiiiigggggnnnnnooooorrrrraaaaannnnnttttt aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt ttthhhaaannn ttthhheee cccooosssttt ooofff llliiivvviiinnnggg
pppooottteeennntttiiiaaalll hhhaaazzzaaarrrdddsss iiinnn ttthhheee wwwooorrrkkkppplllaaaccceee... TTThhheee fffiiirrrsssttt ssstttaaattteee wwwooorrrkkkeeerrrsss’’’ DDD))) ttthhheeeyyy hhhaaaddd tttooo ppprrroooddduuuccceee eeevvviiidddeeennnccceee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeeiiirrr eeemmmpppllloooyyyeeerrrsss wwweeerrreee
cccccooooommmmmpppppeeeeennnnnsssssaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn lllllaaaaawwwww iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss cccccooooouuuuunnnnntttttrrrrryyyyy pppppaaaaasssssssssseeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn 11111999991111111111,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee ppppprrrrrooooogggggrrrrraaaaammmmm rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbllleee fffooorrr ttthhheee aaacccccciiidddeeennnttt
sssoooooonnn sssppprrreeeaaaddd ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhhooouuuttt ttthhheee nnnaaatttiiiooonnn... 333444... After 1972 workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S.
AAAAAAfffffftttttteeeeeerrrrrr WWWWWWoooooorrrrrrlllllldddddd WWWWWWaaaaaarrrrrr IIIIIIIIIIII,,,,,, bbbbbbeeeeeennnnnneeeeeeffffffiiiiiitttttt ppppppaaaaaayyyyyymmmmmmeeeeeennnnnnttttttssssss ttttttoooooo AAAAAAmmmmmmeeeeeerrrrrriiiiiiccccccaaaaaannnnnn wwwwwwoooooorrrrrrkkkkkkeeeeeerrrrrrssssss became more favorable to workers so that _______.
dddddddiiiiiiiddddddd nnnnnnnooooooottttttt kkkkkkkeeeeeeeeeeeeeeppppppp uuuuuuuppppppp wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee cccccccooooooosssssssttttttt ooooooofffffff llllllliiiiiiivvvvvvviiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg....... IIIIIIInnnnnnn fffffffaaaaaaacccccccttttttt,,,,,,, rrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaalllllll bbbbbbbeeeeeeennnnnnneeeeeeefffffffiiiiiiittttttt llllllleeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeelllllllsssssss A)the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
were lower in the 1999997777700000sssss ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy wwwwweeeeerrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee 11111999994444400000sssss,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiinnnnn mmmmmooooosssssttttt B)there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmaaaaaxxxxxiiiiimmmmmuuuuummmmm bbbbbeeeeennnnneeeeefffffiiiiittttt wwwwwaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeelllllooooowwwww ttttthhhhheeeee pppppooooovvvvveeeeerrrrrtttttyyyyy llllleeeeevvvvveeeeelllll fffffooooorrrrr aaaaa C)the number of workers suing for damages increased
fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy ooooofffff fffffooooouuuuurrrrr..... IIIIInnnnn 11111999997777700000,,,,, PPPPPrrrrreeeeesssssiiiiidddddeeeeennnnnttttt RRRRRiiiiiccccchhhhhaaaaarrrrrddddd NNNNNiiiiixxxxxooooonnnnn ssssseeeeettttt uuuuuppppp aaaaa nnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll D)more money was allocated totheir compensation system
cccooommmmmmiiissssssiiiooonnn tttooo ssstttuuudddyyy ttthhheee ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss ooofff wwwooorrrkkkeeerrrsss’’’ cccooommmpppeeennnsssaaatttiiiooonnn... TTTwwwooo 35. The author ends the passage with the implication that ______.
years later, the commmmmmiiissssssiiiooonnn iiissssssuuueeeddd 111999 kkkeeeyyy rrreeecccooommmmmmeeennndddaaatttiiiooonnnsss,,, A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new
including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels heights
to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages. B) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the
In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has compensation system
climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in C) people from all walks of life can benefit from the
1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 compensation system
percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent D) money floating in the compensation system is a huge
increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with drain on the U.S. economy
so much more money floating in the workers’ compensation system,
it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves Passage Four
to a large slice of the growing pie. Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.D)resulted in the worship of consumerism
Early in the age of affluence ( ) that followed World War 37. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus
II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, tohigh consumption is _______.
“Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make A)the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals
consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of B)the people’s desire for a rise in their living standards
goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego C) the imbalance that has existed between production and
satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned consumption
up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.” D)the concept that one’s success is measured by how much
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the they consume
world has followed. 38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial blessing?
lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in AAA)))BBBeeecccaaauuussseee pppooovvveeerrrtttyyy ssstttiiillllll eeexxxiiissstttsss iiinnn aaannn aaaffffffllluuueeennnttt sssoooccciiieeetttyyy...
the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United BBB)))BBBeeecccaaauuussseee mmmooorrraaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss aaarrreee sssaaacccrrriiifffiiiccceeeddd iiinnn pppuuurrrsssuuuiiittt ooofff mmmaaattteeerrriiiaaalll
Sates—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever satisfaction.
more prevalent. CCCCC))))) BBBBBeeeeecccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee ooooovvvvveeeeerrrrrcccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmppppptttttiiiiiooooonnnnn wwwwwooooonnnnn’’’’’ttttt lllllaaaaasssssttttt lllllooooonnnnnggggg ddddduuuuueeeee tttttooooo
Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an uuuuunnnnnrrrrreeeeessssstttttrrrrriiiiicccccttttteeeeeddddd pppppooooopppppuuuuulllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn gggggrrrrrooooowwwwwttttthhhhh.....
environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but DDDDDDD))))))) BBBBBBBeeeeeeecccccccaaaaaaauuuuuuussssssseeeeeee tttttttrrrrrrraaaaaaadddddddiiiiiiitttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnaaaaaaalllllll rrrrrrriiiiiiitttttttuuuuuuuaaaaaaalllllllsssssss aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee ooooooofffffffttttttteeeeeeennnnnnn nnnnnnneeeeeeegggggggllllllleeeeeeecccccccttttttteeeeeeeddddddd iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee
perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources ppppprrrrroooooccccceeeeessssssssss ooooofffff mmmmmooooodddddeeeeerrrrrnnnnniiiiizzzzzaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn.....
ttthhhrrreeeaaattteeennnsss tttooo eeexxxhhhaaauuusssttt ooorrr uuunnnaaalllttteeerrraaabbblllyyy ssspppoooiiilll fffooorrreeessstttsss,,, sssoooiiilllsss,,, wwwaaattteeerrr,,, aaaiiirrr aaannnddd 39. AAAAAccccccccccooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee,,,,, cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiisssssttttt cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeee ________________________________________.....
climate. AAAAA)))))cccccaaaaannnnnnnnnnooooottttt ttttthhhhhrrrrriiiiivvvvveeeee ooooonnnnn aaaaa fffffrrrrraaaaagggggiiiiillllleeeee eeeeecccccooooonnnnnooooommmmmyyyyy
Ironicallllyyy,,, hhhiiiggghhh cccooonnnsssuuummmppptttiiiooonnn mmmaaayyy bbbeee aaa mmmiiixxxeeeddd bbbllleeessssssiiinnnggg iiinnn BBBBB)))))wwwwwiiiiillllllllll nnnnnooooottttt aaaaaggggggggggrrrrraaaaavvvvvaaaaattttteeeee eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnntttttaaaaalllll ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss
human terms, too. The time-hhhooonnnooorrreeeddd vvvaaallluuueeesss ooofff iiinnnttteeegggrrriiitttyyy ooofff ccchhhaaarrraaacccttteeerrr,,, CCCCC)))))cccccaaaaannnnnnnnnnooooottttt sssssaaaaatttttiiiiisssssfffffyyyyy hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn ssssspppppiiiiirrrrriiiiitttttuuuuuaaaaalllll nnnnneeeeeeeeeedddddsssss
gggooooooddd wwwooorrrkkk,,, fffrrriiieeennndddssshhhiiippp,,, fffaaammmiiilllyyy aaannnddd cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttyyy hhhaaavvveee ooofffttteeennn bbbeeeeeennn DDD)))wwwiiillllll nnnooottt aaalllllleeevvviiiaaattteee pppooovvveeerrrtttyyy iiinnn wwweeeaaalllttthhhyyy cccooouuunnntttrrriiieeesss
sacrificed in the rush to riches. 4400.. IIIttt cccaaannn bbbeee iiinnnfffeeerrrrrreeeddd fffrrrooommm ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee ttthhhaaattt _____________________...
TTThhhuuusss mmmaaannnyyy iiinnn ttthhheee iiinnnddduuussstttrrriiiaaalll lllaaannndddsss hhhaaavvveee aaa ssseeennnssseee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeeiiirrr AAA)))hhhuuummmaaannn ssspppiiirrriiitttuuuaaalll nnneeeeeedddsss ssshhhooouuulllddd mmmaaatttccchhh mmmaaattteeerrriiiaaalll aaaffffffllluuueeennnccceee
wwwooorrrlllddd ooofff pppllleeennntttyyy iiisss sssooommmeeehhhooowww hhhooollllllooowww———ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt,,,,, mmmmmiiiiisssssllllleeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy aaaaa cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiisssssttttt BBB)))ttthhheeerrreee iiisss nnneeevvveeerrr aaannn eeennnddd tttooo sssaaatttiiisssfffyyyiiinnnggg pppeeeooopppllleee’’’sss mmmaaattteeerrriiiaaalll nnneeeeeedddsss
cccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeee,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn fffffrrrrruuuuuiiiiitttttllllleeeeesssssssssslllllyyyyy aaaaatttttttttteeeeemmmmmppppptttttiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo sssssaaaaatttttiiiiisssssfffffyyyyy wwwwwhhhhhaaaaattttt aaaaarrrrreeeee CCC)))wwwhhheeettthhheeerrr hhhiiiggghhh cccooonnnsssuuummmppptttiiiooonnn ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeeeddd iiisss ssstttiiillllll aaannn
eeeeesssssssssseeeeennnnntttttiiiiiaaaaallllllllllyyyyy sssssoooooccccciiiiiaaaaalllll,,,,, pppppsssssyyyyyccccchhhhhooooolllllooooogggggiiiiicccccaaaaalllll aaaaannnnnddddd ssssspppppiiiiirrrrriiiiitttttuuuuuaaaaalllll nnnnneeeeeeeeeedddddsssss wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh mmmmmaaaaattttteeeeerrrrriiiiiaaaaalllll iiissssssuuueee
things. D)how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a
OOOOffff ccccoooouuuurrrrsssseeee,,,, tttthhhheeee ooooppppppppoooossssiiiitttteeee ooooffff oooovvvveeeerrrrccccoooonnnnssssuuuummmmppppttttiiiioooonnnn————ppppoooovvvveeeerrrrttttyyyy————iiisss nnnooo problem
sssssooooollllluuuuutttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttttooooo eeeeeiiiiittttthhhhheeeeerrrrr eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnntttttaaaaalllll ooooorrrrr hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmmsssss..... IIIIIttttt iiiiisssss iiiiinnnnnfffffiiiiinnnnniiiiittttteeeeelllllyyyyy
wwwooorrrssseee fffooorrr pppeeeooopppllleee aaannnddd bbbaaaddd fffooorrr ttthhheee nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll wwwooorrrlllddd tttoooooo... DDDiiissspppooosssssseeesssssseeeddd 21. A22. B23. D24. D25. C26. A27. D28. B29. D30. B
( ))) pppeeeaaasssaaannntttsss ssslllaaassshhh-and-bbbuuurrrnnn ttthhheeeiiirrr wwwaaayyy iiinnntttooo ttthhheee 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. D
rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nnnooommmaaadddsss ((( ) turn
ttthhheeeiiirrr hhheeerrrdddsss ooouuuttt ooonnntttooo fffrrraaagggiiillleee AAAfffrrriiicccaaannn gggrrraaasssssslllaaannnddd,,, rrreeeddduuuccciiinnnggg iiittt tttooo dddeeessseeerrrttt... Passage One
If environmental destruction results when people have either Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollowing passage:
too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough.
What level of consumption can the earth support? When does In the villages of the English countryside there are still people
having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction? who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock
their doors. There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
36. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the
________. world’s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted
A)gavebirth to a new generation of upper class consumers programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own
B)gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World
C)led to the reform of the retailing system Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to theirdoors. ______.
SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking ( ) A)it causes damage to Net browsers
tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has B)it can break into Internet sites
made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A C)it can be used to cause disorder on all sites
person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy D)it can be used by people with evil intent
to burgle ( … ). 24. The author’s attitude toward SATAN is ______.
But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the A)enthusiastic
public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. B)critical
SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new C)positive
disorder. D)indifferent
So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early 25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that ______.
days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at AAA))) wwweee ssshhhooouuulllddd mmmaaakkkeee fffuuullllll uuussseee ooofff ttthhheee IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt bbbeeefffooorrreee ssseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy
the content. Now the Web is full of tiny programs that mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeesss aaarrreee ssstttrrreeennngggttthhheeennneeeddd
automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on BBBB)))) wwwweeee sssshhhhoooouuuulllldddd aaaalllleeeerrrrtttt tttthhhheeee mmmmoooosssstttt iiiinnnnfffflllluuuueeeennnnttttiiiiaaaallll bbbbuuuussssiiiinnnneeeessssssssmmmmeeeennnn ttttoooo tttthe
your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee ooofff ssseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy
do all kinds of nasty things to your computer. CCCCC))))) iiiiinnnnnfffffllllluuuuueeeeennnnntttttiiiiiaaaaalllll bbbbbuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssssmmmmmeeeeennnnn ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd gggggiiiiivvvvveeeee ppppprrrrriiiiiooooorrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee
At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with iiiiimmmmmppppprrrrrooooovvvvveeeeemmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt ooooofffff NNNNNeeeeettttt ssssseeeeecccccuuuuurrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy
spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts DDDDD))))) nnnnneeeeettttt iiiiinnnnnhhhhhaaaaabbbbbiiiiitttttaaaaannnnntttttsssss ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd nnnnnooooottttt llllleeeeettttt ssssseeeeecccccuuuuurrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeeesssss aaaaaffffffffffeeeeecccccttttt
dddeeesssiiigggnnneeeddd tttooo pppeeennneeetttrrraaattteee ttthhheee sssiiittteeesss aaannnddd ssseeeeeekkk ooouuuttt aaannnddd ccclllaaassssssiiifffyyy ttthhheeeiiirrr jjjoooyyy ooofff sssuuurrrfffiiinnnggg ttthhheee IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt
iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn... AAAllllll ttthhheeessseee mmmaaakkkeee wwwooonnndddeeerrrfffuuulll tttoooooolllsss fffooorrr aaannntttiiisssoooccciiiaaalll pppeeeooopppllleee
who want to invade weak sites and cause damage. PPPaaassssssaaagggeee TTTwwwooo
BBBuuuttt llleeettt’’’sss lllooooookkk ooonnn ttthhheee bbbrrriiiggghhhttt sssiiidddeee... GGGiiivvveeennn ttthhheee lllaaaccckkk ooofff llloooccckkksss,,, ttthhheee QQQQQuuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss 2222266666 tttttooooo 3333300000 aaaaarrrrreeeee bbbbbaaaaassssseeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee:::::
IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt iiisss sssuuurrreeelllyyy ttthhheee wwwooorrrlllddd’’’sss bbbiiiggggggeeesssttt (((aaalllmmmooosssttt))) cccrrriiimmmeee--ffrreeee ssoocciieettyy.. III cccaaammmeee aaawwwaaayyy fffrrrooommm mmmyyy yyyeeeaaarrrsss ooofff ttteeeaaaccchhhiiinnnggg ooonnn tttiiillleee cccooolllllleeegggeee aaannnddd
MMMMaaaayyyybbbbeeee tttthhhhaaaatttt iiiissss bbbbeeeeccccaaaauuuusssseeee hhhhaaaacccckkkkeeeerrrrssss aaaarrrreeee ffffuuuunnnnddddaaaammmmeeeennnnttttaaaallllllllyyyy hhhhoooonnnneeeesssstttt.... OOOOrrrr tttthhhhaaaatttt uuuunnnniiiivvvveeeerrrrssssiiiittttyyyy lllleeeevvvveeeellll wwwwiiiitttthhhh aaaa ccccoooonnnnvvvviiiiccccttttiiiioooonnnn tttthhhhaaaatttt enactment ( ),
there currently iiisssnnn’’’ttt mmmuuuccchhh tttooo sssttteeeaaalll... OOOrrr bbbeeecccaaauuussseee vandalism ( pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee,,, dddrrraaammmaaatttiiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn aaarrreee ttthhheee mmmooosssttt sssuuucccccceeessssssfffuuulll fffooorrrmmmsss ooofff
))))) iiiiisssssnnnnn’’’’’ttttt mmmmmuuuuuccccchhhhh fffffuuuuunnnnn uuuuunnnnnllllleeeeessssssssss yyyyyooooouuuuu hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee aaaaa pppppeeeeecccccuuuuullllliiiiiaaaaarrrrr dddddiiiiisssssllllliiiiikkkkkeeeee fffffooooorrrrr sssssooooommmmmeeeeeooooonnnnneeeee..... ttteeeaaaccchhhiiinnnggg... SSStttuuudddeeennntttsss mmmuuusssttt bbbeee iiinnncccooorrrpppooorrraaattteeeddd,,, mmmaaadddeee,,, sssooo fffaaarrr aaasss pppooossssssiiibbble,
WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttteeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeeaaaaasssssooooonnnnn,,,,, llllleeeeettttt’’’’’sssss eeeeennnnnjjjjjoooooyyyyy iiiiittttt wwwwwhhhhhiiiiillllleeeee wwwwweeeee cccccaaaaannnnn..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeecccccttttt iiiiittttt aaannn iiinnnttteeegggrrraaalll pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee llleeeaaarrrnnniiinnnggg ppprrroooccceeessssss... TTThhheee nnnoootttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt llleeeaaarrrnnniiinnnggg
aaaaallllllllll tttttooooo ccccchhhhhaaaaannnnngggggeeeee,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ssssseeeeecccccuuuuurrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy tttttooooo bbbbbeeeeecccccooooommmmmeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnuuuuummmmmbbbbbeeeeerrrrr ooooonnnnneeeee iiiiissssssssssuuuuueeeee,,,,, wwwwwhhhhheeeeennnnn ssshhhooouuulllddd hhhaaavvveee iiinnn iiittt aaannn eeellleeemmmeeennnttt ooofff iiinnnssspppiiirrreeeddd ppplllaaayyy wwwooouuulllddd ssseeeeeemmm tttooo ttthhheee
the most influeeeeeennnnnnttttttiiiiiiaaaaaallllll iiiiiinnnnnnhhhhhhaaaaaabbbbbbiiiiiittttttaaaaaannnnnnttttttssssss ooooooffffff tttttthhhhhheeeeee NNNNNNeeeeeetttttt aaaaaarrrrrreeeeee sssssseeeeeelllllllllllliiiiiinnnnnngggggg sssssseeeeeerrrrrrvvvvvviiiiiicccccceeeeeessssss tttttthhhhhheeeeeeyyyyyy gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee aaacccaaadddeeemmmiiiccc eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhhmmmeeennnttt mmmeeerrreeelllyyy sssiiillllllyyy,,, bbbuuuttt ttthhhaaattt iiisss
want to be paid for. nonetheless the case. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous
21. BBBBByyyyy sssssaaaaayyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg “““““……………ooooowwwwwnnnnneeeeerrrrrsssss ooooofffff wwwwweeeeellllllllll ooooovvvvveeeeerrrrr hhhhhaaaaalllllfffff ooooofffff aaaaallllllllll WWWWWooooorrrrrlllllddddd WWWWWiiiiidddddeeeee schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student
WWWWWeeeeebbbbb sssssiiiiittttteeeeesssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee ssssseeeeettttt uuuuuppppp hhhhhooooommmmmeeeee wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhooooouuuuuttttt fffffiiiiittttttttttiiiiinnnnnggggg llllloooooccccckkkkksssss tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils
doors” (Line 3-44444,,,,, PPPPPaaaaarrrrraaaaa.....22222))))),,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr mmmmmeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ______________________________..... “came to work as though they came to play,” and Alfred North
A)thhhooossseee hhhaaappppppyyy tttiiimmmeeesss aaappppppeeeaaarrr ssstttiiillllll tttooo bbbeee wwwiiittthhh uuusss Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher
BBB)))ttthhheeerrreee sssiiimmmppplllyyy wwwaaasssnnn’’’ttt aaannnyyy cccrrriiimmmeee tttooo wwwooorrrrrryyy aaabbbooouuuttt should make his/her students “glad they were there.”
C)many sites are not well-protected Since, we are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the
D) hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close
breaking in attention to this form of education. There is, I think, much truth in
22. SATAN, a program designed by Dan Farmer, can be used Patricia Nelson Limerick’s observation that “lecturing is an
______. unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is
A)to investigate the security of Internet sites perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by
B)to improve the security of the Internet system the urge to speak, and to speak while others remain silent. But to do
C)to prevent hackers from breaking into websites this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time… for one person
D)to download useful programs and information to drag on while others sit in silence? ... I do not believe that this is
23. Farmer’s program has been criticized by the public because what the Creator ... designed humans to do.”The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many the author means that ______.
professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they A)professors are a group of professionals that differ in their
should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing academic ability but behave in the same way
unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students’ emotions B)professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black
rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with gown but having different roles to play
facts and read in an unchanged monotone. C)there is no fundamental difference between professors and
The cult ( ) of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dully, priests though they differ in their merits
goes back, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of D)professors at the University of Pennsylvania used to wear
sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of black suits which made them look like priests
Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed “a priesthood, rather 30. Whose teaching method is particularly commended by the
uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never author?
referred to anything personal. Some read from old lecture notes and AAA)))EEEzzzeeekkkiiieeelll CCChhheeeeeevvveeerrr’’’sss...
then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured BBB))) AAAlllfffrrreeeddd NNNooorrrttthhh WWWhhhiiittteeehhheeeaaaddd’’’sss...
from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn CCC)))CCCooottttttooonnn MMMaaattthhheeerrr’’’sss...
edges ....The teachers began on time, ended on time, and left the DD))PPaaaaatttttrrrrriiiiiccccciiiiiaaaaa NNNNNeeeeelllllsssssooooonnnnn LLLLLiiiiimmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiiccccckkkkk’’’’’sssss.....
room without saying a word more to their students, very seldom
being detained by questioners .... The classes were not large, yet PPPaaassssssaaagggeee TTThhhrrreeeeee
there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and QQQQQQQuuuuuuueeeeeeessssssstttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss 33333331111111 tttttttooooooo 33333335555555 aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee bbbbbbbaaaaaaassssssseeeeeeeddddddd ooooooonnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee fffffffooooooollllllllllllllooooooowwwwwwwiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg pppppppaaaaaaassssssssssssssaaaaaaagggggggeeeeeee:::::::
there were no office hours.” TTTTTaaaaakkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee cccccaaaaassssseeeee ooooofffff pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccc eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaalllllooooonnnnneeeee..... TTTTThhhhheeeee ppppprrrrriiiiinnnnnccccciiiiipppppaaaaalllll
26. TTThhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr bbbeeellliiieeevvveeesss ttthhhaaattt aaa sssuuucccccceeessssssfffuuulll ttteeeaaaccchhheeerrr ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee aaabbbllleee dddddiiiiiffffffffffiiiiicccccuuuuullllltttttyyyyy fffffaaaaaccccceeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee sssssccccchhhhhoooooooooolllllsssss hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn ttttthhhhheeeee tttttrrrrreeeeemmmmmeeeeennnnndddddooooouuuuusssss iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaassssseeeee iiiiinnnnn
to ______. ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnuuuuummmmmbbbbbeeeeerrrrr ooooofffff pppppuuuuupppppiiiiilllllsssss..... TTTTThhhhhiiiiisssss hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn caused by the advance of the
AAA))) mmmaaakkkeee dddrrraaammmaaatttiiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn aaannn iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt aaassspppeeecccttt ooofff ssstttuuudddeeennntttsss’’’ llllleeeeegggggaaaaalllll aaaaagggggeeeee fffffooooorrrrr gggggoooooiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiinnnnntttttooooo iiiiinnnnnddddduuuuussssstttttrrrrryyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiimmmmmpppppooooossssssssssiiiiibbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff fffffiiiiinnnnndddddiiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaa
learning jjjjjooooobbbbb eeeeevvvvveeeeennnnn wwwwwhhhhheeeeennnnn ttttthhhhheeeee llllleeeeegggggaaaaalllll aaaaagggggeeeee hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn rrrrreeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhheeeeeddddd..... IIIIInnnnn vvvvviiiiieeeeewwwww ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee
BBBB))))mmmmaaaakkkkeeee iiiinnnnssssppppiiiirrrreeeedddd ppppllllaaaayyyy aaaannnn iiiinnnntttteeeeggggrrrraaaallll ppppaaaarrrrtttt ooooffff tttthhhheeee lllleeeeaaaarrrrnnnniiiinnnngggg pppprrrroooocccceeeessssssss tttteeeecccchhhhnnnnoooollllooooggggiiiiccccaaaallll iiiimmmmpppprrrroooovvvveeeemmmmeeeennnnttttssss iiiinnnn tttthhhheeee llllaaaasssstttt ffffeeeewwww yyyyeeeeaaaarrrrssss,,,, bbbbuuuussssiiiinnnneeeessssssss wwwwiiiillllllll
CCC)))iiimmmppprrrooovvveee ssstttuuudddeeennntttsss’’’ llleeeaaarrrnnniiinnnggg pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee iiinnn ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee ppprrrooopppooorrrtttiiiooonnnately fewer workers than ever before.
DDD)))mmmaaakkkeee ssstttuuudddyyy jjjuuusssttt aaasss eeeaaasssyyy aaasss ppplllaaayyy TTThhheee rrreeesssuuulllttt wwwiiillllll bbbeee ssstttiiillllll fffuuurrrttthhheeerrr rrraaaiiisssiiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheee llleeegggaaalll aaagggeee fffooorrr gggoooiiinnnggg iiinnntttooo
27. TTTTThhhhheeeee mmmmmaaaaajjjjjooooorrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff uuuuunnnnniiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy ppppprrrrrooooofffffeeeeessssssssssooooorrrrrsssss ppppprrrrreeeeefffffeeeeerrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee tttttrrrrraaaaadddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll eeemmmpppllloooyyymmmeeennnttt,,, aaannnddd ssstttiiillllll fffuuurrrttthhheeerrr dddiiiffffffiiicccuuullltttyyy iiinnn fffiiinnndddiiinnnggg eeemmmpppllloooyyymmmeeennnttt
wwwaaayyy ooofff llleeeccctttuuurrriiinnnggg iiinnn ttthhheee bbbeeellliiieeefff ttthhhaaattt __________________... wwwhhheeennn ttthhhaaattt aaagggeee hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn aaattttttaaaiiinnneeeddd... IIIfff wwweee cccaaannnnnnooottt pppuuuttt ooouuurrr ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn tttooo
AAA)))iiittt dddrrraaawwwsss ttthhheee ccclllooossseee aaaaatttttttttteeeeennnnntttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss wwwooorrrkkk,,, wwweee mmmuuusssttt pppuuut them in school.
BBBBB)))))iiiiittttt cccccooooonnnnnfffffooooorrrrrmmmmmsssss iiiiinnnnn aaaaa wwwwwaaaaayyyyy tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee dddddeeeeesssssiiiiigggggnnnnn ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee CCCCCrrrrreeeeeaaaaatttttooooorrrrr We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a
CCCCC))))) iiiiittttt ppppprrrrreeeeessssseeeeennnnntttttsssss cccccooooouuuuurrrrrssssseeeee cccccooooonnnnnttttteeeeennnnnttttt iiiiinnnnn aaaaa sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnntttttiiiiifffffiiiiiccccc aaaaannnnnddddd ooooobbbbbjjjjjeeeeeccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have
manner developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already
DDDDD))))) iiiiittttt hhhhheeeeelllllpppppsssss ssssstttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss tttttooooo cccccooooommmmmppppprrrrreeeeehhhhheeeeennnnnddddd aaaaabbbbbssssstttttrrrrraaaaacccccttttt ttttthhhhheeeeeooooorrrrriiiiieeeeesssss mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide
easily that has swept over them since the depression began. They will be
28. WWWhhhaaattt ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr rrreeecccooommmmmmeeennndddsss iiinnn ttthhhiiisss pppaaassssssaaagggeee iiisss ttthhhaaattt __________________... little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the
A) college education should be improved through radical taxpayer.
measures It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of
B) more freedom of choice should be given to students in public education can be borne by the local communities. They
their studies cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The
C) traditional college lectures should be replaced by local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with
dramatized performances unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education
D) interaction should be encouraged in the process of on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the
teaching problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to
29. By saying “They seemed ‘a priesthood, rather uneven in their the problem of public education may have to be much the same,
merits but uniform in their bearing…’” (Lines 3-4, Para.4), and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of allparts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of A new high-performance contact lens under development at
the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg
part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance
make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve normal night vision as much as five times, making people’s vision
the present generation through Federal relief of thedestitute ( ). sharper than that of cats.
Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse Bille and his team work with an optical instrument called an
such Federal funds as public education may require. active mirror — a device used in astronomical telescopes to spot
31. What is the passage mainly about? newly emerging stars and far distant galaxies. Connected to a
A) How to persuade local communities to provide more wave-front sensor that tracks and measures the course of a laser
funds. beam into the eye and back, the aluminum mirror detects the
B) How to cope with the shortage of funds for public deficiencies of the cornea, the transparent protective layer covering
education. ttthhheee llleeennnsss ooofff ttthhheee hhhuuummmaaannn eeeyyyeee... TTThhheeeyyy hhhiiiggghhhlllyyy ppprrreeeccciiissseee dddaaatttaaa fffrrrooommm ttthhheee tttwwwooo
C)How to improve the public education system. instruments — wwwhhhiiiccchhh,,, BBBiiilllllleee hhhooopppeeesss,,, wwwiiillllll ooonnneee dddaaayyy bbbeee fffooouuunnnddd aaattt ttthhheee
D)How to solve the rising unemployment problem. opticians ( )))) aaaallllllll oooovvvveeeerrrr tttthhhheeee wwwwoooorrrrlllldddd — serve as a basis for the
32. What is the reason for the increase in the number of students? ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff cccccooooommmmmpppppllllleeeeettttteeeeelllllyyyyy iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaallllliiiiizzzzzeeeeeddddd cccccooooonnnnntttttaaaaacccccttttt llllleeeeennnnnssssseeeeesssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt cccccooooorrrrrrrrrreeeeecccccttttt
A)The requirement of educated workers by business. aaaaannnnnddddd eeeeennnnnhhhhhaaaaannnnnccccceeeee ttttthhhhheeeee wwwwweeeeeaaaaarrrrreeeeerrrrr’’’’’sssss vvvvviiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnn.....
B)Raising of the legal age forgoing to work. BBBBBBByyyyyyy dddddddaaaaaaayyyyyyy,,,,,,, BBBBBBBiiiiiiilllllllllllllleeeeeee’’’’’’’sssssss cccccccooooooonnnnnnntttttttaaaaaaacccccccttttttt llllllleeeeeeennnnnnnssssssseeeeeeesssssss wwwwwwwiiiiiiillllllllllllll fffffffooooooocccccccuuuuuuusssssss rrrrrrraaaaaaayyyyyyysssssss ooooooofffffff llllllliiiiiiiggggggghhhhhhhttttttt sssssssooooooo
C)The trend toward a shorter workday. aaaccccccuuurrraaattteeelllyyy ooonnn ttthhheee rrrreeeettttiiiinnnnaaaa (( ))) ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee iiimmmaaagggeee ooofff aaa sssmmmaaallllll llleeeaaafff ooorrr
D)People’s concern for the future of the next generation. ttttthhhhheeeee ooooouuuuutttttllllliiiiinnnnneeeee ooooofffff aaaaa fffffaaaaarrrrr dddddiiiiissssstttttaaaaannnnnttttt tttttrrrrreeeeeeeeee wwwwwiiiiillllllllll bbbbbeeeee fffffooooorrrrrmmmmmeeeeeddddd wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh aaaaa ssssshhhhhaaaaarrrrrpppppnnnnneeeeessssssssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt
33. TTThhheee pppuuubbbllliiiccc aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss fffooorrr aaaddduuulllttt eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn wwwiiillllll bbbeee llliiittttttllleee bbbeeetttttteeerrr oooffffff sssssuuuuurrrrrpppppaaaaasssssssssseeeeesssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ooooofffff cccccooooonnnnnvvvvveeeeennnnntttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll vvvvviiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaaiiiiidddddsssss bbbbbyyyyy aaaaalllllmmmmmooooosssssttttt hhhhhaaaaalllllfffff aaaaa diopter
because ______. ( )))))..... AAAAAttttt nnnnniiiiiggggghhhhhttttt,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee llllleeeeennnnnssssseeeeesssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee aaaaannnnn eeeeevvvvveeeeennnnn gggggrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttteeeeerrrrr pppppooooottttteeeeennnnntttttiiiiiaaaaalllll.....
A)the unemployed are too poortttooo cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee ttthhheeeiiirrr eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn “““BBBeeecccaaauuussseee ttthhheee nnneeewww llleeennnsss ———iiinnn cccooonnntttrrraaasssttt tttooo ttthhheee aaalllrrreeeaaadddyyy eeexxxiiissstttiiinnnggg ooonnneeesss —
B)a new leisure class has developed aaaaalllllsssssooooo wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkksssss wwwwwhhhhheeeeennnnn iiiiittttt’’’’’sssss dddddaaaaarrrrrkkkkk aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee pppppuuuuupppppiiiiilllll iiiiisssss wwwwwiiiiidddddeeeee ooooopppppeeeeennnnn,,,,,””””” sssssaaaaayyyyysssss BBBBBiiiiilllllllllleeeee,,,,,
CCC)))ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee ssstttiiillllll sssuuuffffffeeerrriiinnnggg fffrrrooommm ttthhheee dddeeeppprrreeessssssiiiooonnn ““““lllleeeennnnssss wwwweeeeaaaarrrreeeerrrrssss wwwwiiiillllllll bbbbeeee aaaabbbblllleeee ttttoooo iiiiddddeeeennnnttttiiiiffffyyyy aaaa ffffaaaacccceeee aaaatttt ddddiiiissssttttaaaannnncccceeee ooooffff 111100000000
DDD)))aaannn iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee iiinnn tttaaaxxxeeesss cccooouuulllddd bbbeee aaa ppprrrooobbbllleeemmm meters — 888000 mmmeeettteeerrrsss fffaaarrrttthhheeerrr ttthhhaaannn ttthhheeeyyy wwwooouuulllddd nnnooorrrmmmaaallllllyyy bbbeee aaabbbllleee tttooo
34. AAAAAccccccccccooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaannnnnssssswwwwweeeeerrrrr tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmm ooooofffff pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccc ssseeeeee... IIInnn hhhiiisss eeexxxpppeeerrriiimmmeeennntttsss nnniiiggghhht vision was enhanced by an even
eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn iiisss ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee FFFeeedddeeerrraaalll gggooooovvvvveeeeerrrrrnnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt ___________________________________..... gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr fffaaaccctttooorrr::: iiinnn ssseeemmmiii-darkness, test subjects could see up to 15
AAAAA)))))ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd aaaaallllllllllooooocccccaaaaattttteeeee FFFFFeeeeedddddeeeeerrrrraaaaalllll fffffuuuuunnnnndddddsssss fffffooooorrrrr pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccc eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttiiimmmeeesss bbbeeetttttteeerrr ttthhhaaannn wwwiiittthhhooouuuttt ttthhheee llleeennnssseeesss...
BBBBB)))))ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd dddddeeeeemmmmmaaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt lllllooooocccccaaaaalllll cccccooooommmmmmmmmmuuuuunnnnniiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss ppppprrrrrooooovvvvviiiiidddddeeeee sssssuuuuuppppppppppooooorrrrrttttt Bille’s lenses are expected to reach the market in the year
CCCCCCC)))))))ssssssshhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuulllllllddddddd rrrrrrraaaaaaaiiiiiiissssssseeeeeee tttttttaaaaaaaxxxxxxxeeeeeeesssssss tttttttooooooo mmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeettttttt ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee nnnnnnneeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddsssssss ooooooofffffff pppppppuuuuuuubbbbbbbllllllliiiiiiiccccccc eeeeeeeddddddduuuuuuucccccccaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn 2000, and one tentative plan is to use the Internet to transmit
DDDDD)))))ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd fffffiiiiirrrrrsssssttttt ooooofffff aaaaallllllllll sssssooooolllllvvvvveeeee ttttthhhhheeeee ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbllllleeeeemmmmm ooooofffff uuuuunnnnneeeeemmmmmpppppllllloooooyyyyymmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt information on patients’ visual defects from the optician to the
35. Whyyyyy dddddoooooeeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr sssssaaaaayyyyy “““““OOOOOnnnnnlllllyyyyy aaaaa pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee dddddeeeeettttteeeeerrrrrmmmmmiiiiinnnnneeeeeddddd tttttooooo rrrrruuuuuiiiiinnnnn manufacturer, who will then produce and mail the contact lenses
ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeexxxxxttttt gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn wwwwwiiiiillllllllll rrrrreeeeefffffuuuuussssseeeee sssssuuuuuccccchhhhh FFFFFeeeeedddddeeeeerrrrraaaaalllll fffffuuuuunnnnndddddsssss aaaaasssss pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccc within a couple of days. The physicist expects the lenses to cost
education may require” (Lines 10-111111,,, PPPaaarrraaa... 333)))??? about a dollar a pair, about the same as conventional one-day
AAA))) OOOnnnlllyyy bbbyyy aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaatttiiinnnggg aaadddeeeqqquuuaaattteee FFFeeedddeeerrraaalll fffuuunnndddsss fffooorrr disposable lenses.
education can the next generation have abright future. 36. The new contact lens is meant for ______.
B)Citizens of all parts of the country agree that the best way A)astronomical observations
to support education is to use Federal funds. B)the night blind
C) People all over the country should make contributions to C)those with vision defects
education in the interest of the next generation. D)optical experiments
D)Educated people are determined to use part of the Federal 37. What do the two instruments mentioned in the second
funds to help the poor. paragraph (Line 5) refer to?
A)The astronomical telescope and the wave-front sensor.
Passage Four B)The aluminum mirror and the laser beam.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: C)The active mirror and the contact lens.D)The aluminum mirror and the wave-front sensor. their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if
38. Individualized contact lenses (Line 7, Para.2) are lenses they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary
designed ______. responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a
A)to work like an astronomical telescope company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even
B)to suit the wearer’s specific needs if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community
C)to process extremely accurate data and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese wayof doing
D)to test the wearer’s eyesight business.
39. According to Bille, with the new lenses the wearer’s vision Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the
______. ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal ( ) way of
A)will be far better at night than in the daytime purging ( ) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the
B)may be broadened about 15 times than without them United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era
C)can be better improved in the daytime than at night iiinnn wwwhhhiiiccchhh bbbooottthhh bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss aaannnddd gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennntttaaalll llleeeaaadddeeerrrsss ssseeeeeemmm pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy
D)will be sharper by a much greater degree at night than in gggooooooddd aaattt eeevvvaaadddiiinnnggg rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbiiillliiitttyyy,,, mmmaaannnyyy UUUSSS mmmaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss wwwooouuulllddd ppprrrooobbbaaabbblllyyy
the daytime wwweeelllcccooommmeee aaannn iiinnnfffuuusssiiiooonnn ((( )) ooff tthhee JJaappaanneessee sseennssee ooff rreessppoonnssiibbiilliittyy,,
40. Which of the following is true about Bille’s lenses? IIIIIfffff,,,,, fffffooooorrrrr iiiiinnnnnssssstttttaaaaannnnnccccceeeee,,,,, UUUUUSSSSS aaaaauuuuutttttooooommmmmooooobbbbbiiiiillllleeeee cccccooooommmmmpppppaaaaannnnnyyyyy eeeeexxxxxeeeeecccccuuuuutttttiiiiivvvvves offered to
A)Their production process is complicated. rrrrreeeeeddddduuuuuccccceeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr ooooowwwwwnnnnn sssssaaaaalllllaaaaarrrrriiiiieeeeesssss bbbbbeeeeefffffooooorrrrreeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaassssskkkkkeeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkkeeeeerrrrrsssss tttttooooo tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee
B)They will be sold at a very low price. pppppppaaaaaaayyyyyyy cccccccuuuuuuutttttttsssssss,,,,,,, nnnnnnneeeeeeegggggggoooooootttttttiiiiiiiaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss wwwwwwwooooooouuuuuuulllllllddddddd ppppppprrrrrrrooooooobbbbbbbaaaaaaabbbbbbblllllllyyyyyyy tttttttaaaaaaakkkkkkkeeeeeee ooooooonnnnnnn aaaaaaa vvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrryyyyyyy dddddddiiiiiiiffffffffffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt
C)They have to be replaced every day. ccchhhaaarrraaacccttteeerrr...
D)Purchase orders can be made through the Internet.
21.C22. A23. D24. C25. C26. B 27. C 28. D29. A30. A 2222211111.....WWWWWhhhhhyyyyy dddddiiiiiddddd ttttthhhhheeeee ccccchhhhhaaaaaiiiiirrrrrmmmmmaaaaannnnn ooooofffff TTTTTooooossssshhhhhiiiiibbbbbaaaaa rrrrreeeeesssssiiiiigggggnnnnn hhhhhiiiiisssss pppppooooosssssiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn iiiiinnnnn 11111999998888877777?????
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Passage One ssuubboorrddiinnaatteess..
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president, Yasumoto Takagi, caaaaalllllllllleeeeeddddd eeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhh vvvvviiiiiccccctttttiiiiimmmmm’’’’’sssss fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy tttttooooo DDD)))HHHeee hhhaaaddd bbbeeeeeennn aaaccccccuuussseeeddd ooofff bbbeeeiiinnnggg cccooowwwaaarrrdddlllyyy tttooowwwaaarrrdddsss cccrrriiissseeesss ttthhhaaattt wwweeerrreee
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by a faulty Boeing repair. C)make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary
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around different definitions of delegation. While US executives
23.What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the
give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese
resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?
executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs.
A)Sympathetic C)Critical
Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the
B)Biased. D)Approving.
Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said
they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an
24.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such
A)Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.
activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
B)American executives consider authority and responsibility
Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to
inseparable.
businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned whenC)School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes. 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars
D)Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and
corporate crises. mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year
worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to.
25.The passage is mainly about ________.
A)resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises 26.As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has
B)the importance of delegating responsibility to employees become a problem is that ________.
C)ways of evading responsibility in times of crises A)poor people can’t afford it
D)the difference between two business cultures B)it is too expensive to maintain
C)too many people are using it
Passage Two D)it causes too many road accidents
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly 222777...AAAccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee,,, ttthhheee cccaaarrr ssstttaaarrrttteeeddd tttooo gggaaaiiinnn pppooopppuuulllaaarrriiitttyyy
polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ________________________...
become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is AAAAA)))))iiiiittttt dddddiiiiidddddnnnnn’’’’’ttttt bbbbbrrrrreeeeeaaaaakkkkk dddddooooowwwwwnnnnn aaaaasssss eeeeeaaaaasssssiiiiilllllyyyyy aaaaasssss aaaaa hhhhhooooorrrrrssssseeeee
its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by BBBBB)))))iiiiittttt hhhhhaaaaaddddd aaaaa cccccooooommmmmpppppaaaaarrrrraaaaatttttiiiiivvvvveeeeelllllyyyyy pppppllllleeeeeaaaaasssssaaaaannnnnttttt ooooodddddooooorrrrr
everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only CCCCC)))))iiiiittttt cccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeeeddddd llllleeeeessssssssss pppppooooolllllllllluuuuutttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn hhhhhooooorrrrrssssseeeeesssss
the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality. DDDDD)))))iiiiittttt bbbbbrrrrriiiiiggggghhhhhttttteeeeennnnneeeeeddddd uuuuuppppp ttttthhhhheeeee gggggllllloooooooooommmmmyyyyy ssssstttttrrrrreeeeeeeeeetttttsssss
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iiinnn ooottthhheeerrr cccooouuunnntttrrriiieeesss bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ________________________...
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C)expensive motorways are not available inless developed
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countries
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D)people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources
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30.What’s wrong with Mr.Flink’s prediction?
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A)The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide.
remote.
B)New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.
However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s,
C)The population of America has not increased as fast.
experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to
D)People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.
end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American
market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and
so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land
Passage Three
shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be
He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s
they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel
population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by
uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to
60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for everyapologize, even when a devastating ( ) tragedy was the 32.What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer
provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything to?
possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging A)Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and B)The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses C)The tear shedder’sapology and the observer’s effort to stop the
to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive. crying.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed D)Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical
emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, composition of tears.
purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that
crying has one or more functions that enhance survival. 33.“Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to “________”.
clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its AAA)))hhhaaavvviiinnnggg nnnooo eeeffffffeeecccttt aaattt aaallllll
mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. B)leading to tennnsssiiiooonnn
Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears CCC)))ppprrroooddduuuccciiinnnggg dddiiisssaaassstttrrrooouuusss iiimmmpppaaacccttt
to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special DDD)))hhhaaarrrmmmfffuuulll tttooo hhheeeaaalllttthhh
about tears themselves.
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Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play
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a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota
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researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears
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would contain no such substance.
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Researchers at ssseeevvveeerrraaalll ooottthhheeerrr iiinnnssstttiiitttuuutttiiiooonnnsss aaarrreee iiinnnvvveeessstttiiigggaaatttiiinnnggg ttthhheee
BBB)))EEExxxpppooosssuuurrreee tttooo eeexxxccceeessssssiiivvveee mmmeeedddiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn mmmaaayyy iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee eeemmmoootttiiiooonnnaaalll ttteeeaaarrrsss...
uuussseeefffuuulllnnneeessssss ooofff ttteeeaaarrrsss aaasss aaa mmmeeeaaannnsss ooofff dddiiiaaagggnnnooosssiiinnnggg hhhuuummmaaannn iiillllllsss aaannnddd
CCC)))EEEmmmoootttiiiooonnnaaalll ttteeeaaarrrsss cccaaannn gggiiivvveee rrriiissseee tttooo “““dddrrryyy eeeyyyeee””” sssyyynnndddrrrooommmeee iiinnn sssooommmeee
monitoring drugs.
ccaasseess..
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DDD)))EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll pppooolllllluuutttaaannntttsss cccaaannn iiinnnddduuuccceee ttthhheee ssshhheeeddddddiiinnnggg ooofff eeemmmoootttiiiooonnnaaalll
KKKKKaaaaassssstttttlllll aaaaannnnnddddd hhhhhiiiiisssss cccccooooolllllllllleeeeeaaaaaggggguuuuueeeeesssss rrrrreeeeepppppooooorrrrrttttt ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy cccccaaaaannnnn uuuuussssseeeee ttttteeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss tttttooooo dddddeeeeettttteeeeecccccttttt dddddrug
ttteeeaaarrrsss...
aaabbbuuussseee aaannnddd eeexxxpppooosssuuurrreee tttooo mmmeeedddiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn((( ))),,, tttooo dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnneee wwwhhheeettthhheeerrr aaa
cccccccooooooonnnnnnntttttttaaaaaaacccccccttttttt llllllleeeeeeennnnnnnsssssss fffffffiiiiiiitttttttsssssss ppppppprrrrrrrooooooopppppppeeeeeeerrrrrrrlllllllyyyyyyy ooooooofffffff wwwwwwwhhhhhhhyyyyyyy iiiiiiittttttt mmmmmmmaaaaaaayyyyyyy bbbbbbbeeeeeee uuuuuuunnnnnnncccccccooooooommmmmmmfffffffooooooorrrrrrrtttttttaaaaaaabbbbbbbllllllleeeeeee,,,,,,, tttttttooooooo ssssssstttttttuuuuuuudddddddyyyyyyy
Passage Four
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Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
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It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve
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performance you’ve got to work hard. However, hard training
ssstttuuudddyyyiiinnnggg ttteeeaaarrrsss fffooorrr cccllluuueeesss tttooo ttthhheee dddiiiaaagggnnnooosssiiisss ooofff dddiiissseeeaaassseeesss aaawwwaaayyy fffrrrooommm ttthhheee
breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you
eeeyyyeeesss... TTTeeeaaarrrsss cccaaannn bbbeee ooobbbtttaaaiiinnneeeddd pppaaaiiinnnllleeesssssslllyyy wwwiiittthhhooouuuttt iiinnnvvvaaadddiiinnnggg ttthhheee bbbooodddyyy
stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following
and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined
hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving
analyses.
efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells.
During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to
31.It is known from the first paragraph that ________.
compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that
A)shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American
you are now at a higher level of performance.
B)crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy
If sufficient rest is not included in a training program,
C)crying usually wins sympathy from other people
imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur,
D)one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome(
)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral,and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for 39.What does the phrase “level off” (Line 7,Para,4)most probably
weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that mean?
persists even after recovery periods. A)Slow down.
The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts B)Become dull.
and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, C)Stop improving.
easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or D)Be on the decline.
lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, Some will
report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms 40.The author advises at the end of the passage that ________.
include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral AAA)))ooovvveeerrrtttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg sssyyynnndddrrrooommmeee ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee tttrrreeeaaattteeeddd aaasss aaa ssseeerrriiiooouuusss iiillllllnnneeessssss
( ) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries. BBB)))ooovvveeerrrtttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg sssyyynnndddrrrooommmeee ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee ppprrreeevvveeennnttteeeddd bbbeeefffooorrreee iiittt oooccccccuuurrrsss
The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The CCCCCC))))))aaaaaannnnnn aaaaaatttttthhhhhhlllllleeeeeetttttteeeeee wwwwwwiiiiiitttttthhhhhh oooooovvvvvveeeeeerrrrrrttttttrrrrrraaaaaaiiiiiinnnnnniiiiiinnnnnngggggg ssssssyyyyyynnnnnnddddddrrrrrroooooommmmmmeeeeee sssssshhhhhhoooooouuuuuulllllldddddd ttttttaaaaaakkkkkkeeeeee aaaaaa lllllleeeeeennnnnnggggggtttttthhhhhhyyyyyy rrrrrreeeeeesssssstttttt
longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, DDDDDDDDDDDDD)))))))))))))iiiiiiiiiiiiillllllllllllllllllllllllllnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeeeeeeeeeessssssssssssssssssssssssss cccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaauuuuuuuuuuuuusssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnggggggggggggg fffffffffffffaaaaaaaaaaaaatttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiiiggggggggggggguuuuuuuuuuuuueeeeeeeeeeeee ssssssssssssshhhhhhhhhhhhhooooooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuulllllllllllllddddddddddddd nnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooooooooottttttttttttt bbbbbbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeeeeeee mmmmmmmmmmmmmiiiiiiiiiiiiissssssssssssstttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaaakkkkkkkkkkkkkeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnn fffffffffffffooooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrrrr ooooooooooooovvvvvvvvvvvvveeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrrtttttttttttttrrrrrrrrrrrrraaaaaaaaaaaaaiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnniiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnggggggggggggg
Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has syndrome
only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then
21.C2222.. AA222333... CCC24. B222555... DDD222666... BBB27. C222888... BBB2222222299999999........ DDDDDDDD30. A
interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is
31. A 333222... CCC 333333... DDD333444... BBB333555... AAA36. B333777... CCC333888... DDD39. C40. D
important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and
corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur.
PPPaaaassssssssaaaaggggeeee OOOOnnnneeee
The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete
QQQQQQuuuuuueeeeeessssssttttttiiiiiioooooonnnnnnssssss 222222111111 ttttttoooooo 222222555555 aaaaaarrrrrreeeeee bbbbbbaaaaaasssssseeeeeedddddd oooooonnnnnn tttttthhhhhheeeeee ffffffoooooolllllllllllloooooowwwwwwiiiiiinnnnnngggggg ppppppaaaaaassssssssssssaaaaaaggggggeeeeee......
who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose
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aaannnyyy uuunnndddeeerrrlllyyyiiinnnggg iiillllllnnneeessssss ttthhhaaattt mmmaaayyy bbbeee rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbllleee fffooorrr ttthhheee fffaaatttiiiggguuueee...
tttaaakkkiiinnnggg mmmuuullltttiiivvviiitttaaammmiiinnnsss dddoooeeesss iiisss gggiiivvveee ttthhheeemmm eeexxxpppeeennnsssiiivvveee uuurrriiinnneee ((( ). After
all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in
333666...TTThhheee fffiiirrrsssttt pppaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh ooofff ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee ttteeellllllsss uuusss ttthhhaaattt ________________________... industrialized countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been
AAA)))ttthhheee hhhaaarrrdddeeerrr aaannn aaattthhhllleeettteee tttrrraaaiiinnnsss,,, ttthhheee bbbeeetttttteeerrr hhhiiisss pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee wwwiiillllll bbbeee wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that
BBB)))rrreeesssttt aaafffttteeerrr vvviiigggooorrrooouuusss tttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg iiimmmppprrrooovvveeesss aaannn aaattthhhllleeettteee’’’sss pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health.
CCC)))ssstttrrriiicccttt sssyyysssttteeemmmaaatttiiiccc tttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg iiisss eeesssssseeennntttiiiaaalll tttooo aaannn aaattthhhlllete’s top Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from
performance certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good
DDD)))iiimmmppprrrooovvveeemmmeeennnttt ooofff aaannn aaattthhhllleeettteee’’’sss pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee oooccccccuuurrrsss iiinnn ttthhheee cccooouuurrrssseee ooofff investment.
training Or at least that's the argument put forward in the New England
Journal of Medicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir
333777...BBByyy “““ooovvveeerrrtttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg””” ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr mmmeeeaaannnsss ________________________... Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated
AAAAA)))))aaaaa ssssseeeeerrrrriiiiieeeeesssss ooooofffff ppppphhhhhyyyyysssssiiiiicccccaaaaalllll sssssyyyyymmmmmppppptttttooooommmmmsssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt oooooccccccccccuuuuurrrrr aaaaafffffttttteeeeerrrrr tttttrrrrraaaaaiiiiinnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a
BBB)))uuunnnddduuueee eeemmmppphhhaaasssiiisss ooonnn ttthhheee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee ooofff ppphhhyyysssiiicccaaalll eeexxxeeerrrtttiiiooonnn long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some
CCC)))tttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt iiisss nnnooottt aaadddeeeqqquuuaaattteeelllyyy cccooommmpppeeennnsssaaattteeeddd fffooorrr bbbyyy rrreeesssttt point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it
D)training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.
The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B
38.What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” vitamins. It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos
syndrome? ( ), and a recent trial found that folate in combination with
A)It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports. vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of
B)It appears right after a hard training session. arteries after surgical repair.
C)The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete’s training The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks
process. who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear
C)It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors
period. give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, thevitamin doesn't seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a specific function
role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage. C) the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be
Despite vitamin C's great popularity, consuming large amounts overestimated
of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The D)it's reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily
body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes ( )
any excess. Passage Two
The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you
willing to accept that there's enough evidence that they don't hurt Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge ( )
and could help? of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage.
If the latter, there's no need to go to extremes and buy the Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than
biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can mmaarrrryy.. TThhee ccoonnvveerrssee (( )) ooff tthhiiss ccoonncceerrnn iiss tthhaatt tthhee pprroossppeeccttss ooff
cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system beeccoommiinngg aa mmuullttii--pppaaayyyccchhheeeccckkk hhhooouuussseeehhhooolllddd cccooouuulllddd eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee mmmaaarrrrrriiiaaagggeeesss...
problems. IIIInnnn tttthhhheeee ppppaaaasssstttt,,,, oooonnnnllllyyyy tttthhhheeee eeeeaaaarrrrnnnniiiinnnnggggssss aaaannnndddd ffffiiiinnnnaaaannnncccciiiiaaaallll pppprrrroooossssppppeeeeccccttttssss ooooffff tttthhhheeee mmmmaaaannnn
Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced cccccooooouuuuunnnnnttttteeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmaaaaarrrrrrrrrriiiiiaaaaagggggeeeee dddddeeeeeccccciiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnn..... NNNNNooooowwwww,,,,, hhhhhooooowwwwweeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrr,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeeaaaaarrrrrnnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaabbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy
diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit ooooofffff aaaaa wwwwwooooommmmmaaaaannnnn cccccaaaaannnnn mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee hhhhheeeeerrrrr mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee aaaaattttttttttrrrrraaaaaccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee aaaaasssss aaaaa mmmmmaaaaarrrrrrrrrriiiiiaaaaagggggeeeee pppppaaaaarrrrrtttttnnnnneeeeer.
is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily DDDDDDDaaaaaaatttttttaaaaaaa ssssssshhhhhhhooooooowwwwwww ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt eeeeeeecccccccooooooonnnnnnnooooooommmmmmmiiiiiiiccccccc dddddddooooooowwwwwwwnnnnnnntttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrrnnnnnnnsssssss ttttttteeeeeeennnnnnnddddddd tttttttooooooo pppppppooooooossssssstttttttpppppppooooooonnnnnnneeeeeee mmmmmmmaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiaaaaaaagggggggeeeeeee
multivitamin makes a lot of sense. bbbbbbbeeeeeeecccccccaaaaaaauuuuuuussssssseeeeeee ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee pppppppaaaaaaarrrrrrrtttttttiiiiiiieeeeeeesssssss cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooottttttt aaaaaaaffffffffffffffooooooorrrrrrrddddddd tttttttooooooo eeeeeeessssssstttttttaaaaaaabbbbbbbllllllliiiiiiissssssshhhhhhh aaaaaaa fffffffaaaaaaammmmmmmiiiiiiilllllllyyyyyyy ooooooorrrrrrr aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee
21. AAAttt ooonnneee tttiiimmmeee dddoooccctttooorrrsss dddiiissscccooouuurrraaagggeeeddd tttaaakkkiiinnnggg mmmuuullltttiiivvviiitttaaammmiiinnnsss bbbeeecccaaauuussseee cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeerrrrrnnnnneeeeeddddd aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt rrrrraaaaaiiiiinnnnnyyyyy dddddaaaaayyyyysssss aaaaahhhhheeeeeaaaaaddddd..... AAAAAsssss ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeecccccooooonnnnnooooommmmmyyyyy rrrrreeeeebbbbbooooouuuuunnnnndddddsssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee
they believed that multivitamins ____. nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff mmmaaarrrrrriiiaaagggeeesss aaalllsssooo rrriiissseeesss...
AA))ccoouulldd nnoott eeaassiillyy bbee aabbssoorrbbeedd bbyy tthhee hhuummaann bbooddyy CCCCCoooooiiiiinnnnnccccciiiiidddddeeeeennnnnttttt wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaassssseeeee iiiiinnnnn wwwwwooooomen working outside the
B)were potentially harmful to people's health hhhhhooooommmmmeeeee iiiiisssss ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaassssseeeee iiiiinnnnn dddddiiiiivvvvvooooorrrrrccccceeeee rrrrraaaaattttteeeeesssss..... YYYYYeeeeettttt,,,,, iiiiittttt mmmmmaaaaayyyyy bbbbbeeeee wwwwwrrrrrooooonnnnnggggg tttttooooo jjjjjuuuuummmmmppppp
CCC)))wwweeerrreee tttoooooo eeexxxpppeeennnsssiiivvveee fffooorrr dddaaaiiilllyyy cccooonnnsssuuummmppptttiiiooonnn tttttooooo aaaaannnnnyyyyy sssssiiiiimmmmmpppppllllleeeee cccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee---aaannnddd---eeeffffffeeecccttt cccooonnncccllluuusssiiiooonnnsss... TTThhheee iiimmmpppaaacccttt ooofff aaa wwwiiifffeee'''sss
D)could not provide any cure for viiitttaaammmiiinnn dddeeefffiiiccciiieeennnccciiieeesss wwwwoooorrrrkkkk oooonnnn ddddiiiivvvvoooorrrrcccceeee iiiissss nnnnoooo lllleeeessssssss cccclllloooouuuuddddyyyy tttthhhhaaaannnn iiiittttssss iiiimmmmppppaaaacccctttt oooonnnn mmmmaaaarrrrrrrriiiiaaaaggggeeee
22. AAAAAccccccccccooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr,,,,, cccccllllliiiiinnnnniiiiicccccaaaaalllll tttttrrrrriiiiiaaaaalllllsssss ooooofffff vvvvviiiiitttttaaaaammmmmiiiiinnnnn sssssuuuuuppppppppppllllleeeeemmmmmeeeeennnnntttttsssss dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss... TTThhheee rrreeeaaallliiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt ssshhheee can be a good provider may
____. iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee ttthhheee ccchhhaaannnccceeesss ttthhhaaattt aaa wwwooorrrkkkiiinnnggg wwwiiifffeee wwwiiillllll ccchhhoooooossseee dddiiivvvooorrrccceee ooovvveeerrr
AAA)))ooofffttteeennn rrreeesssuuulllttt iiinnn mmmiiisssllleeeaaadddiiinnnggg cccooonnncccllluuusssiiiooonnnsss aaannn uuunnnsssaaatttiiisssfffaaaccctttooorrryyy mmmaaarrrrrriiiaaagggeee... BBBuuuttt ttthhheee rrreeevvveeerrrssseee iiisss eeeqqquuuaaallllllyyy ppplllaaauuusssiiibbbllleee...
BBBBB)))))tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee aaaaannnnnddddd wwwwwiiiiillllllllll nnnnnooooottttt ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccceeeee cccccooooonnnnncccccllllluuuuusssssiiiiivvvvveeeee rrrrreeeeesssssuuuuullllltttttsssss TTTeeennnsssiiiooonnnsss gggrrrooouuunnndddeeeddd iiinnn fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss ooofffttteeennn ppplllaaayyy aaa kkkeeeyyy rrrooollleee iiinnn
CCCCC)))))ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee cccccooooonnnnnddddduuuuucccccttttteeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnntttttiiiiissssstttttsssss ooooonnnnn aaaaa lllllaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeeerrrrr ssssscccccaaaaallllleeeee eeennndddiiinnnggg aaa mmmaaarrrrrriiiaaagggeee... GGGiiivvveeennn hhhiiiggghhh uuunnneeemmmpppllloooyyymmmeeennnttt,,, iiinnnffflllaaatttiiiooonnnaaarrryyy
DDDDD)))))aaaaappppppppppeeeeeaaaaarrrrr tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee aaaaa ssssshhhhheeeeeeeeeerrrrr wwwwwaaaaasssssttttteeeee ooooofffff tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee aaaaannnnnddddd rrrrreeeeesssssooooouuuuurrrrrccccceeeeesssss problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can
23. IIIttt hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn fffooouuunnnddd ttthhhaaattt vvviiitttaaammmiiinnn EEE _______________... increase household income and relieve some of these pressing
AAAAA)))))ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeennnnn bbbbbyyyyy pppppaaaaatttttiiiiieeeeennnnntttttsssss rrrrreeeeeggggguuuuulllllaaaaarrrrrlllllyyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd pppppeeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiisssssttttteeeeennnnntttttlllllyyyyy financial burdens. By raising a family's standard of living, a
BBBBB)))))cccccaaaaannnnn eeeeeffffffffffeeeeeccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeeelllllyyyyy rrrrreeeeeddddduuuuuccccceeeee ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeecccccuuuuurrrrrrrrrreeeeennnnnccccceeeee ooooofffff hhhhheeeeeaaaaarrrrrttttt dddddiiiiissssseeeeeaaaaassssseeeee working wife may strengthen her family's financial and emotional
CCC)))hhhaaasss aaa ppprrreeevvveeennntttiiivvveee bbbuuuttt nnnooottt cccuuurrraaatttiiivvveee eeeffffffeeecccttt ooonnn hhheeeaarrtt ddiisseeaassee stability.
DDD))) ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee gggiiivvveeennn tttooo pppaaatttiiieeennntttsss wwwiiittthhh hhheeeaaarrrttt dddiiissseeeaaassseee aaasss eeeaaarrrlllyyy aaasss Psychological factors also should be considered. For example,
possible a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in
24. It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins _____. the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On
A)may bring about serious side effects the other hand, if she can findfulfillment through work outside the
B)may help prevent excessive bleeding home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and
C)are likely to induce the blockage of arteries more stable union.
D)are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been
25. The author concludes the passage with the advice that _____. due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main
A) the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations
exercise and a balanced diet outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within
B) it's risky to take multivitamins without knowing their file family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the masterof the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new self-evident that there is something called human nature, something
conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about
create new insecurities. what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence
26. The word "portend" (Line 2, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to exists -- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which
“_____”. man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social
A)defy C) animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
suffer from More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned.
B)signal D) One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to
result from the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of
27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, _____. humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man
A) men would choose working women as their marriage in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in
partners eeevvveeerrryyy aaagggeee hhhaaavvveee hhhaaaddd iiinnn cccooommmmmmooonnn sssooommmeeettthhhiiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt cccaaannn bbbeee cccaaalllllleeeddd
B)more women would get married to seek financial security """hhhuuummmaaannn nnnaaatttuuurrreee...""" TTThhheee hhhiiissstttooorrriiicccaaalll aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh wwwaaasss rrreeeiiinnnfffooorrrccceeeddd,,,
C)even working women would worry about their marriages ppppaaaarrrrttttiiiiccccuuuullllaaaarrrrllllyyyy iiiinnnn tttthhhheeee UUUUnnnniiiitttteeeedddd SSSSttttaaaatttteeeessss,,,, bbbbyyyy ssssttttuuuuddddiiiieeeessss iiiinnnn tttthhhheeee ffffiiiieeeelllldddd ooooffff ccccuuuullllttttuuuurrrraaaallll
D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time aaannnttthhhrrrooopppooolllooogggyyy ((( )))... TTThhheee ssstttuuudddyyy ooofff ppprrriiimmmiiitttiiivvveee pppeeeooopppllleeesss hhhaaasss
being dddddiiiiissssscccccooooovvvvveeeeerrrrreeeeeddddd sssssuuuuuccccchhhhh aaaaa dddddiiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff cccccuuuuussssstttttooooommmmmsssss,,,,, vvvvvaaaaallllluuuuueeeeesssss,,,,, fffffeeeeeeeeeellllliiiiinnnnngggggsssss,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd
28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ttttttthhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuuggggggghhhhhhhtttttttsssssss ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt mmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnnyyyyyyy aaaaaaannnnnnnttttttthhhhhhhrrrrrrrooooooopppppppooooooolllllllooooooogggggggiiiiiiissssssstttttttsssssss aaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeeddddddd aaaaaaattttttt ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeconcept that man
_____. iiiiiiisssssss bbbbbbbooooooorrrrrrrnnnnnnn aaaaaaasssssss aaaaaaa bbbbbbblllllllaaaaaaannnnnnnkkkkkkk ssssssshhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeettttttt ooooooofffffff pppppppaaaaaaapppppppeeeeeeerrrrrrr ooooooonnnnnnn wwwwwwwhhhhhhhiiiiiiiccccccchhhhhhh eeeeeeeaaaaaaaccccccchhhhhhh cccccccuuuuuuullllllltttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrreeeeeee wwwwwwwrrrrrrriiiiiiittttttteeeeeeesssssss iiiiiiitttttttsssssss
A)they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners ttttteeeeexxxxxttttt..... AAAAAnnnnnooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr fffffaaaaaccccctttttooooorrrrr cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee ttttteeeeennnnndddddeeeeennnnncccccyyyyy tttttooooo dddddeeeeennnnnyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee
B)their husbands are expected to do more housework aaaaassssssssssuuuuummmmmppppptttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff aaaaa fffffiiiiixxxxxeeeeeddddd hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn nnnnnaaaaatttttuuuuurrrrreeeee wwwwwaaaaasssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeepppppttttt hhhhhaaaaasssss sssssooooo
C)their marriage ties can be strengthened ooooofffffttttteeeeennnnn bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn aaaaabbbbbuuuuussssseeeeeddddd aaaaasssss aaaaa ssssshhhhhiiiiieeeeelllllddddd bbbbbeeeeehhhhhiiiiinnnnnddddd wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ttttthhhhheeeeemost inhuman acts
D)they tend toput their career before marriage aaaaarrrrreeeee cccccooooommmmmmmmmmiiiiitttttttttteeeeeddddd..... IIIIInnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnaaaaammmmmeeeee ooooofffff hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn nnnnnaaaaatttttuuuuurrrrreeeee,,,,, fffffooooorrrrr eeeeexxxxxaaaaammmmmpppppllllleeeee,,,,, AAAAArrrrriiiiissssstttttoooootttttllllleeeee
29. OOOnnneee rrreeeaaasssooonnn wwwhhhyyy wwwooommmeeennn wwwiiittthhh nnnooo cccaaarrreeeeeerrr mmmaaayyy ssseeeeeekkk aaa dddiiivvvooorrrccceee iiisss aaaaannnnnddddd mmmmmooooosssssttttt ttttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnkkkkkeeeeerrrrrsssss uuuuuppppp tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeeiiiiiggggghhhhhttttteeeeeeeeeennnnnttttthhhhh ccccceeeeennnnntttttuuuuurrrrryyyyy dddddeeeeefffffeeeeennnnndddddeeeeeddddd ssssslllllaaaaavvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyy..... OOOOOrrrrr
that _____. iiiinnnn oooorrrrddddeeeerrrr ttttoooo pppprrrroooovvvveeee tttthhhheeee rrrraaaattttiiiioooonnnnaaaalllliiiittttyyyy aaaannnndddd nnnneeeecccceeeessssssssiiiittttyyyy ooooffff tttthhhheeee ccccaaaappppiiiittttaaaalllliiiisssstttt ffffoooorrrrmmmm
AAA)))ttthhheeeyyy fffeeeeeelll ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeeyyy hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn rrrooobbbbbbeeeddd ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr fffrrreeeeeedddooommm ooofff sssoooccciiieeetttyyy,,, sssccchhhooolllaaarrrsss hhhaaavvveee tttrrriiieeeddd to make a case for acquisitiveness,
BBBBB)))))ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaafffffrrrrraaaaaiiiiiddddd ooooofffff bbbbbeeeeeiiiiinnnnnggggg bbbbbooooosssssssssseeeeeddddd aaaaarrrrrooooouuuuunnnnnddddd bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr hhhhhuuuuusssssbbbbbaaaaannnnndddddsssss cccooommmpppeeetttiiitttiiivvveeennneeessssss,,, aaannnddd ssseeelllfffiiissshhhnnneeessssss aaasss iiinnnnnnaaattteee ((( ) human traits.
CCCCC))))) ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy fffffeeeeeeeeeelllll ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr pppppaaaaarrrrrtttttnnnnneeeeerrrrrsssss fffffaaaaaiiiiilllll tttttooooo llllliiiiivvvvveeeee uuuuuppppp tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr PPPooopppuuulllaaarrrlllyyy,,, ooonnneee rrreeefffeeerrrsss cccyyynnniiicccaaallllllyyy tttooo """hhhuuummmaaannn nnnaaatttuuurrreee""" iiinnn aaacccccceeeppptttiiinnnggg ttthhheee
expectations iiinnneeevvviiitttaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff sssuuuccchhh uuunnndddeeesssiiirrraaabbbllleee hhhuuummmaaannn bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooorrr aaasss gggrrreeeeeeddd,,, mmmuuurrrdddeeerrr,,,
DDDDDD)))))) tttttthhhhhheeeeeeyyyyyy tttttteeeeeennnnnndddddd ttttttoooooo ssssssuuuuuussssssppppppeeeeeecccccctttttt tttttthhhhhheeeeeeiiiiiirrrrrr hhhhhhuuuuuussssssbbbbbbaaaaaannnnnnddddddssssss'''''' llllllooooooyyyyyyaaaaaallllllttttttyyyyyy ttttttoooooo tttttthhhhhheeeeeeiiiiiirrrrrr ccchhheeeaaatttiiinnnggg aaannnddd lllyyyiiinnnggg...
marriage Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human
30. WWWWWhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeeemmmmmeeeeennnnntttttsssss cccccaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeeesssssttttt sssssuuuuummmmmmmmmmaaaaarrrrriiiiizzzzzeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once
aaauuuttthhhooorrr'''sss vvviiieeewww iiinnn ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee??? man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the
AAAAA))))) TTTTThhhhheeeee ssssstttttaaaaabbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff mmmmmaaaaarrrrrrrrrriiiiiaaaaagggggeeeee aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee dddddiiiiivvvvvooooorrrrrccccceeeee rrrrraaaaattttteeeee mmmmmaaaaayyyyy reflect idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed
the economic situation of the country. untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary
BBB))) EEEvvveeennn wwwhhheeennn eeecccooonnnooommmiiicccaaallllllyyy iiinnndddeeepppeeennndddeeennnttt,,, mmmooosssttt wwwooommmeeennn hhhaaavvveee standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the
to struggle for real equality in marriage. nature of man.
C) In order to secure their marriage women should work 31. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly
outside the home and remain independent challenged by _____.
D)The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage A)the emergence of the evolutionary theory
varies from case to case. B)the historical approach to man
C)new insight into human behavior
Passage Three D)the philosophical analysis of slavery
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage, 32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human
beings _____.
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was A) have some traits in commonB)are born with diverse cultures watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move
C)are born without a fixed nature instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their
D)change their characters as they grow up movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The
33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in computer provides, feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and
order to _____. sound.
A)emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept These technological wonders may not yet be part of the
of "human nature" community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery
B) show that the concept of "human nature" was used to is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University
justify social evils Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain
C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce
"human nature" a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the
D)support the idea that some human traits are acquired cccooommmpppuuuttteeerrr ssscccrrreeeeeennn tttooo mmmaaappp ttthhheee ssshhhooorrrttteeesssttt,,, llleeeaaasssttt iiinnnvvvaaasssiiivvveee sssuuurrrgggiiicccaaalll pppaaattthhh tttooo
34. The word "untenable" (Line 3) in the last paragraph of the the rumor ( )))... ZZZaaammmooorrraaannnooo iiisss aaalllsssooo uuusssiiinnnggg ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy ttthhhaaattt aaattttttaaaccchhheeesss
passage most probably means _____. aaaa pppprrrroooobbbbeeee ttttoooo ssssuuuurrrrggggiiiiccccaaaallll iiiinnnnssssttttrrrruuuummmmeeeennnnttttssss ssssoooo tttthhhhaaaatttt sssshhhheeee ccccaaaannnn ttttrrrraaaacccckkkk tttthhhheeeeiiiirrrr ppppoooossssiiiittttiiiioooonnnnssss....
A)invaluable C) WWWhhhiiillleee cccuuuttttttiiinnnggg aaawwwaaayyy aaa tttuuummmooorrr dddeeeeeeppp iiinnn ttthhheee bbbrrraaaiiinnn,,, ssshhheee wwwaaatttccchhheeesss ttthhheee
changeable mmmmmooooovvvvveeeeemmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt ooooofffff hhhhheeeeerrrrr sssssuuuuurrrrrgggggiiiiicccccaaaaalllll tttttoooooooooolllllsssss iiiiinnnnn aaaaa cccccooooommmmmpppppuuuuuttttteeeeerrrrr gggggrrrrraaaaappppphhhhhiiiiicccccsssss iiiiimmmmmaaaaagggggeeeee ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee
B)imaginable D) pppppaaaaatttttiiiiieeeeennnnnttttt'''''sssss bbbbbrrrrraaaaaiiiiinnnnn tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeennnnn bbbbbeeeeefffffooooorrrrreeeee sssssuuuuurrrrrgggggeeeeerrrrryyyyy.....
indefensible DDDuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhheeessseee ppprrroooccceeeddduuurrreeesss -- ooopppeeerrraaatttiiiooonnnsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee dddooonnneee ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh
35. Most philosophers believed that human nature _____. sssssmmmmmaaaaallllllllll cccccuuuuutttttsssss iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbooooodddddyyyyy iiiiinnnnn wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh aaaaa mmmmmiiiiinnnnniiiiiaaaaatttttuuuuurrrrreeeee cccccaaaaamera and surgical
A)is the quality distinguishing man from other animals tttoooooolllsss aaarrreee mmmaaannneeeuuuvvveeerrreeeddd -- sssuuurrrgggeeeooonnnsss aaarrreee wwweeeaaarrriiinnnggg 333-D glasses for a
B)consists of competitiveness and selfishness bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr vvvvviiiiieeeeewwwww..... AAAAAnnnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaarrrrreeeee cccccooooommmmmmmmmmaaaaannnnndddddiiiiinnnnnggggg rrrrrooooobbbbbooooottttt sssssuuuuurrrrrgggggeeeeeooooonnnnnsssss tttttooooo cccccuuuuuttttt aaaaawwwwwaaaaayyyyy
CCC)))iiisss sssooommmeeettthhhiiinnnggg pppaaarrrtttlllyyy iiinnnnnnaaattteee aaannnddd pppaaarrrtttlllyyy aaacccqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttttiiiiissssssssssuuuuueeeee mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee aaaaaccccccccccuuuuurrrrraaaaattttteeeeelllllyyyyy ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn sssssuuuuurrrrrgggggeeeeeooooonnnnnsssss cccccaaaaannnnn.....
DDD)))cccooonnnsssiiissstttsss ooofff rrraaatttiiiooonnnaaallliiitttyyy aaannnddd uuunnndddeeesssiiirrraaabbbllleee bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooorrr SSSaaatttaaavvvaaa sssaaayyysss,,, """WWWeee aaarrreee iiinnn ttthhheee mmmiiidddsssttt ooofff aaa fffuuunnndddaaammmeeennntttaaalll ccchhhaaannngggeee iiinnn
tthhheee fffiiieeelllddd ooofff mmmeeedddiiiccciiinnneee..."""
Passage Four
QQQQuuuueeeessssttttiiiioooonnnnssss 33336666 ttttoooo 44440000 aaaarrrreeee bbbbaaaasssseeeedddd oooonnnn tttthhhheeee ffffoooolllllllloooowwwwiiiinnnngggg ppppaaaassssssssaaaaggggeeee.... 36. AAAccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo RRRiiiccchhhaaarrrddd SSSaaatttaaavvvaaa,,, ttthhheee aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff vvviiirrrtttuuuaaalll rrreeeaaallliiitttyyy
tttooo mmmeeedddiiiccciiinnneee _______________...
RRRRRiiiiiccccchhhhhaaaaarrrrrddddd SSSSSaaaaatttttaaaaavvvvvaaaaa,,,,, ppppprrrrrooooogggggrrrrraaaaammmmm mmmmmaaaaannnnnaaaaagggggeeeeerrrrr fffffooooorrrrr aaaaadddddvvvvvaaaaannnnnccccceeeeeddddd mmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiicccccaaaaalllll AA)) wwiillll eennaabbllee ssuurrggeeoonnss ttoo bbee pphhyyssiiccaallllyy pprreesseenntt oonn eevveerryy
technologies, hasbbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn aaaaa dddddrrrrriiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg fffffooooorrrrrccccceeeee iiiiinnnnn bbbbbrrrrriiiiinnnnngggggiiiiinnnnngggggvvviiirrrtttuuuaaalll rrreeeaaallliiitttyyy tttooo battlefield
mmmmmmmeeeeeeedddddddiiiiiiiccccccciiiiiiinnnnnnneeeeeee,,,,,,, wwwwwwwhhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeee cccccccooooooommmmmmmpppppppuuuuuuuttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrrsssssss cccccccrrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaattttttteeeeeee aaaaaaa """""""vvvvvvviiiiiiirrrrrrrtttttttuuuuuuuaaaaaaalllllll""""""" ooooooorrrrrrr sssssssiiiiiiimmmmmmmuuuuuuulllllllaaaaaaattttttteeeeeeeddddddd B)can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield
eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnnmmmmeeeennnntttt ffffoooorrrr ssssuuuurrrrggggeeeeoooonnnnssss aaaannnndddd ooootttthhhheeeerrrr mmmmeeeeddddiiiiccccaaaallll pppprrrraaaaccccttttiiiittttiiiioooonnnneeeerrrrssss (((( )).. C)will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield
"""""WWWWWiiiiittttthhhhh vvvvviiiiirrrrrtttttuuuuuaaaaalllll rrrrreeeeeaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy wwwwweeeee'''''llllllllll bbbbbeeeee aaaaabbbbbllllleeeee tttttooooo pppppuuuuuttttt aaaaa sssssuuuuurrrrrgggggeeeeeooooonnnnn iiiiinnnnn eeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyy D)can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on
tttttrrrrreeeeennnnnccccchhhhh,,,,,""""" sssssaaaaaiiiiiddddd SSSSSaaaaatttttaaaaavvvvvaaaaa..... HHHHHeeeee eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiisssssaaaaagggggeeeeeddddd aaaaa tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee wwwwwhhhhheeeeennnnn sssssooooollllldddddiiieeerrrsss wwwhhhooo aaarrreee the battlefield
wwwooouuunnndddeeeddd fffiiiggghhhtttiiinnnggg ooovvveeerrrssseeeaaasss aaarrreee pppuuuttt iiinnn mmmooobbbiiillleee sssuuurrrgggiiicccaaalll uuunnniiitttsss 37. Richard Satava has visions of _____.
equipped with computers. A)using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to fighting overseas
surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual
through virtual reality helmets ( ) that contain a small screen reality helmets on the battlefield
displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained
robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that surgeons
operate on the soldier. D)setting up mobile surgical units overseas
Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard 38. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual A) It is performed by a computer-designed high precision
reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in device.
California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons B) Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedbackprovided by a computer. the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it,
C) Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The
computer linked to them. reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the
D)A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are
the operation. responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn't have the
39. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better energy left to tell of our own sufferings.''
view of the cuts in the body because _____. The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff
A)he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen was probably unavoidable - and necessary. By unreservedly
B)the cuts can be examined from different angles owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World
C)the cuts have been highly magnified War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad,
D)he is wearing 3-D glasses marginalize ( ... ) the neo-Nazis at home and make peace
40. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeeiiirrr nnneeeiiiggghhhbbbooorrrsss... TTTooodddaaayyy'''sss uuunnniiifffiiieeeddd GGGeeerrrmmmaaannnyyy iiisss mmmooorrreee ppprrrooossspppeeerrrooouuusss
surgery in that they _____. aaannnddd ssstttaaabbbllleee ttthhhaaannn aaattt aaannnyyy tttiiimmmeee iiinnn iiitttsss lllooonnnggg,,, tttrrrooouuubbbllleeeddd hhhiiissstttooorrryyy... FFFooorrr ttthhhaaattt,,, aaa
A)cause less pain to the wounded hhhhaaaallllffff cccceeeennnnttttuuuurrrryyyy ooooffff wwwwiiiillllllllffffuuuullll ffffoooorrrrggggeeeettttttttiiiinnnngggg aaaabbbboooouuuutttt ppppaaaaiiiinnnnffffuuuullll mmmmeeeemmmmoooorrrriiiieeeessss lllliiiikkkkeeee tttthhhheeee
B)allow the patient to recover more quickly GGGGGeeeeerrrrrmmmmmaaaaannnnn TTTTTiiiiitttttaaaaannnnniiiiiccccc wwwwwaaaaasssss pppppeeeeerrrrrhhhhhaaaaapppppsssss aaaaa rrrrreeeeeaaaaasssssooooonnnnnaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeee tttttooooo pppppaaaaayyyyy..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt eeeeevvvvveeeeennnnn
C)will make human surgeons' work less tedious ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmooooosssssttttt pppppooooollllliiiiitttttiiiiicccccaaaaallllllllllyyyyy cccccooooorrrrrrrrrreeeeecccccttttt GGGGGeeeeerrrrrmmmmmaaaaannnnnsssss bbbbbeeeeellllliiiiieeeeevvvvveeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy''''' yyyyyeeeee nnnnnooooowwwww
D)are done by robot surgeons with greater precision eeeaaarrrnnneeeddd ttthhhhheeeee rrrrriiiiiggggghhhhhttttt tttttooooo dddddiiiiissssscccccuuuuussssssssss ttttthhhhheeeee fffffuuuuullllllllll hhhhhiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrriiiiicccccaaaaalllll rrrrreeeeecccccooooorrrrrddddd..... NNNNNooooottttt tttttooooo eeeeeqqqqquuuuuaaaaattttteeeee
GGGGGGGeeeeeeerrrrrrrmmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnn sssssssuuuuuuuffffffffffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrriiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt ooooooofffffff iiiiiiitttttttsssssss vvvvvvviiiiiiiccccccctttttttiiiiiiimmmmmmmsssssss,,,,,,, bbbbbbbuuuuuuuttttttt sssssssiiiiiiimmmmmmmppppppplllllllyyyyyyy tttttttooooooo
21. A22. B23. C24. A25. D26. B27. D28. C29. A30. D aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaa ttteeerrrrrriiibbbllleee tttrrraaagggeeedddyyy...
31. A32. C33. D34. D35. A36. D37. A38. A39. D40. D 21. WWWWWhhhhhyyyyy dddddoooooeeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr sssssaaaaayyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee sssssiiiiinnnnnkkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee WWWWWiiiiilllllhhhhheeeeelllllmmmmm GGGGGuuuuussssstttttllllloooooffffffffff
wwwwwaaaaasssss ttttthhhhheeeee wwwwwooooorrrrrsssssttttt tttttrrrrraaaaagggggeeeeedddddyyyyy iiiiinnnnn mmmmmaaaaarrrrriiiiitttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee hhhhhiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrryyyyy?
Passage One AAAAA)))))IIIIIttttt wwwwwaaaaasssss aaaaattttttttttaaaaaccccckkkkkeeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy RRRRRuuuuussssssssssiiiiiaaaaannnnn tttttooooorrrrrpppppeeeeedddddoooooeeeeesssss.....
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children aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd ooooooolllllllddddddd pppppppeeeeeeeooooooopppppppllllllleeeeeee fffffffllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee fffffffiiiiiiinnnnnnnaaaaaaalllllll RRRRRRReeeeeeeddddddd AAAAAAArrrrrrrmmmmmmmyyyyyyy pppppppuuuuuuussssssshhhhhhh iiiiiiinnnnnnntttttttooooooo NNNNNNNaaaaaaazzzzzzziiiiiii D)the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats
Germany - wwwwweeeeerrrrreeeee pppppaaaaaccccckkkkkeeeeeddddd aaaaabbbbboooooaaaaarrrrrddddd..... AAAAAnnnnn iiiiiccccceeeee ssssstttttooooorrrrrmmmmm hhhhhaaaaaddddd tttttuuuuurrrrrnnnnneeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeee dddddeeeeeccccckkkkksssss 23. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more
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people froze immediately. Tll never forget the screams," says D)were afraid of offending their neighbors
Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls 24. How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm
watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave -and into Gustloff tragedy?
seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a A)By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.
century. B)By describing the ship's sinking in great detail.
Now Germany's Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has C)By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche.
revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 D)By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.
children - with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. 25. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer
The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn't dwell on think that
the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives A)they will be misunderstood if they talk about the WilhelmGustloff tragedy ldren, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more p
B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay ositive feelings about their families than their schools. About
for the nation's past misdeeds half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had li
C) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it ttle good to say about school. They all did well in school an
committed in World War II d took honors classes when available, and some skipped grad
D) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other es.
countries 26. The main point the author is making about schools is that
A) they should satisfy the needs of students from different
Passage Two family backgrounds
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. B)they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented
students
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schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good ability
to say 'about their school experience. In one study of 400 adul who DDDD))))tttthhhheeeeyyyy sssshhhhoooouuuulllldddd eeeennnnrrrroooollllllll aaaassss mmmmaaaannnnyyyy ggggiiiifffftttteeeedddd ssssttttuuuuddddeeeennnnttttssss aaaassss ppppoooossssssssiiiibbbblllleeee
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er, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonco B)they were seldom praised by their teachers
nformists. Nonconformityand stubbornness (and Yeats's level C)school courses failed to inspire or motivate them
of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to Conflict D)teachers were usually far stricter than their parents
s with teachers.
When highly gifted students in any domain talk about Passage Three
what was important to the development of their abilities, they Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage,
are far more likely to mention their families than their schoo
ls or teachers. A writing prodigy ( ) studied by David Fel When we worry about who might be spying on our private
dman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private
by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ chi sector outdoes the government every time. It'sLinda Tripp, not theFBI, who is facing charges under Maryland's laws against secret 31. Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on
telephone taping. It's our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service people's privacy
(IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing fin'ms. A)is mainly carriedout by means of secret taping
Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy B)has been intensified with the help of the IRS
laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting C)is practiced exclusively by the FBI
business people track our financial habits virtually at will. D)is more prevalent in business circles
As an example of what's going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, 32. We know from the passage that
which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of A)legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy
Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a protection
telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data B) most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive
such as names,, ph'one numbers, bank-account and credit-card practices of private businesses
numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit CCC))) ttthhheee ssstttaaattteee ooofff MMMiiinnnnnneeesssoootttaaa iiisss cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrriiinnnggg dddrrraaawwwiiinnnggg uuuppp lllaaawwwsss tttooo
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software and other products and services. Customers who accepted 33. WWWWWhhhhheeeeennnnn ttttthhhhheeeee """""fffffrrrrreeeeeeeeee tttttrrrrriiiiiaaaaalllll""""" dddddeeeeeaaaaadddddllllliiiiinnnnneeeee iiiiisssss ooooovvvvveeeeerrrrr,,,,, yyyyyooooouuuuu'''''llllllllll bbbbbeeeee ccccchhhhhaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeeeddddd
a "free trial offer" had, 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhooooouuuuuttttt nnnnnoooootttttiiiiiccccceeeee fffffooooorrrrr aaaaa ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuucccccttttt ooooorrrrr ssssseeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiiccccceeeee iiiiifffff
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AAAAAAAnnnnnnnddddddd bbbbbbbaaaaaaannnnnnnkkkkkkksssssss wwwwwwwiiiiiiillllllllllllll ssssssstttttttiiiiiiillllllllllllll bbbbbbbeeeeeee mmmmmmmiiiiiiinnnnnnniiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg dddddddaaaaaaatttttttaaaaaaa fffffffrrrrrrrooooooommmmmmm yyyyyyyooooooouuuuuuurrrrrrr aaaaaaaccccccccccccccooooooouuuuuuunnnnnnnttttttt iiiiiiinnnnnnn ooooooorrrrrrrdddddddeeeeeeerrrrrrr D) its sale can be brought under control through
tttttooooo ssssseeeeellllllllll yyyyyooooouuuuu fffffiiiiinnnnnaaaaannnnnccccciiiiiaaaaalllll ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttsssss,,,,, iiiiinnnnncccccllllluuuuudddddiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhhiiiiinnnnngggggsssss ooooofffff llllliiiiittttttttttllllleeeee vvvvvaaaaallllluuuuueeeee,,,,, sssssuuuuuccccchhhhh self-regulation
as credit insurance and credit-cccaaarrrddd ppprrrooottteeeccctttiiiooonnn ppplllaaannnsss... 35. We can infer from the passage that
YYYYYooooouuuuu hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee aaaaalllllmmmmmooooosssssttttt nnnnnooooo ppppprrrrrooooottttteeeeeccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn fffffrrrrrooooommmmm bbbbbuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnneeeeesssssssssseeeeesssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt uuuuussssseeeee yyyyyooooouuuuurrrrr A)banks will have to change their ways of doing business
pppeeerrrsssooonnnaaalll aaaccccccooouuunnntttsss fffooorrr ppprrrooofffiiittt... FFFooorrr eeexxxaaammmpppllleee,,, nnnooo fffeeedddeeerrraaalll lllaw shields B)privacy protection laws will soon be enforced
"transaction and experience" information --- mmmaaaiiinnnlllyyy ttthhheee dddeeetttaaaiiilllsss ooofff C)consumers' privacy will continue to be invaded
your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are D)"free trial" practice will eventually be banned
for sale by private fa'ms. They've generally agreed not to sell to the
public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Passage Four
Selfregulation doesn't work. A firm might publish a Questions36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?
Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, It's hardly news that the immigration system is a mess.
that "all personal information you supply to us will be considered Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with
confidential." Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often
even claims that it doesn't "sell" your data at all. It merely "shares" overstay their legal welcome without being punished. But since
it and reaps a profit. Now you know. Sept. 11, it's become clear that terrorists have been shrewdlyfactoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans. In addition Service
to their mastery of forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept. 37. We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be
11 hijackers ( ) were here on expired visas. That's been a made by various U.S.government agencies to
safe bet until now. The Immigration and Naturalization Service A)refuse the renewing of expired visas
(INS) ( ) lacks the resources, and apparently the B)ward off terrorist suspects at the border
inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who C)prevent the forgery of immigration papers
have intentionally overstayed their welcome. D). limit the number Of immigrants to the U.S.
But this laxness ( ) toward immigration fraud may be 38. It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept. 11, aliens
about to change. Congress has already taken some modest steps. with expired visas
The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, A)might have them extended without trouble
requires the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and B)would be closely watched by FBI agents
the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop CCC)))mmmiiiggghhhttt ssstttaaayyy ooonnn fffooorrr aaasss lllooonnnggg aaasss [[[hhheeeyyy wwwiiissshhheeeddd
watch-listed terrorists at the border. DDD)))wwwooouuulllddd llliiivvveee iiinnn cccooonnnssstttaaannnttt fffeeeaaarrr ooofff dddeeepppooorrrtttaaatttiiiooonnn
But what's really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and 39. IIIItttt iiiissss bbbbeeeelllliiiieeeevvvveeeedddd bbbbyyyy mmmmaaaannnnyyyy tttthhhhaaaatttt aaaallllllll tttthhhheeeesssseeee yyyyeeeeaaaarrrrssss tttthhhheeee IIIINNNNSSSS
more resources aimed at tightening up border security. Reformers AAAAA)))))hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn ssssseeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg tttttwwwwwooooo cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrraaaaadddddiiiiiccccctttttooooorrrrryyyyy fffffuuuuunnnnnccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss
are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement.They BBBBB))))) hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn tttttoooooooooo llllliiiiibbbbbeeeeerrrrraaaaalllll iiiiinnnnn gggggrrrrraaaaannnnntttttiiiiinnnnnggggg vvvvviiiiisssssaaaaasssss tttttooooo tttttooooouuuuurrrrriiiiissssstttttsssss aaaaannnnnddddd
also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and iiimmmmmmiiigggrrraaannntttsssiinnddiissccrriimmiinnaattteeelllyyy
investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down C)has over-eeeeemmmmmppppphhhhhaaaaasssssiiiiizzzzzeeeeeddddd iiiiitttttsssss ssssseeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiiccccceeeee fffffuuuuunnnnnccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss aaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeennnnnssssseeeee ooooofffff
once they're here. Reformers also want to see the INS ssseeettt uuuppp aaa ttthhheee nnnaaatttiiiooonnn'''sss ssseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy
dddaaatttaaabbbaaassseee tttooo mmmooonnniiitttooorrr wwwhhheeettthhheeerrr vvviiisssaaa hhhooollldddeeerrrsss aaaccctttuuuaaallllllyyy llleeeaaavvveee ttthhheee cccooouuunnntttrrryyy DDDDD)))))hhhhhaaaaasssss iiiiigggggnnnnnooooorrrrreeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeee pppppllllleeeeeaaaaasssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee tttttwwwwwooooo pppppooooowwwwweeeeerrrrrfffffuuuuulllll lllllooooobbbbbbbbbbiiiiieeeeesssss
when they are required to. 40. BBBBBeeeeefffffooooorrrrreeeee SSSSSeeeeepppppttttt..... 1111111111,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUU.....SSSSS..... CCCCCooooonnnnngggggrrrrreeeeessssssssss hhhhhaaaaaddddd bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn uuuuunnnnnaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee tttttooooo pppppaaaaassssssssss
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bbbiiillllll ttthhhaaattt pppaaasssssseeeddd ttthhheee HHHooouuussseee ooofff RRReeeppprrreeessseeennntttaaatttiiivvveeesss bbbuuuttt dddiiieeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee SSSeeennnaaattteee AAA))) ttthhheeeyyy mmmiiiggghhhttt hhhaaavvveee kkkeeepppttt aaawwwaaayyy fffooorrreeeiiigggnnn ssstttuuudddeeennntttsss aaannnddd ccchhheeeaaappp
last week. Before Sepppptttt.... 11111111,,,, lllleeeeggggiiiissssllllaaaattttiiiioooonnnn ooooffff tttthhhhiiiissss kkkkiiiinnnndddd hhhhaaaadddd bbbbeeeeeeeennnn llaabboorr
bbbbbllllloooooccccckkkkkeeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy tttttwwwwwooooo pppppooooowwwwweeeeerrrrrfffffuuuuulllll lllllooooobbbbbbbbbbiiiiieeeeesssss::::: uuuuunnnnniiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss,,,,, wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh rrrrreeeeelllllyyyyy ooooonnnnn BBB)))iiittt wwwaaasss dddiiiffffffiiicccuuulllttt tttooo cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaattteee ttthhheee eeeffffffooorrrtttsss ooofff ttthhheee cccooonnngggrrreeessssssmmmeeennn
tttttuuuuuiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn fffffrrrrrooooommmmm fffffooooorrrrreeeeeiiiiigggggnnnnn ssssstttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss wwwwwhhhhhooooo cccccooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee kkkkkeeeeepppppttttt ooooouuuuuttttt bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeewwwww lllllaaaaawwwww,,,,, CCC))) eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd bbbuuusssiiinnneeessssss ccciiirrrcccllleeesss cccaaarrreeeddd llliiittttttllleee aaabbbooouuuttt nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll
aaaaannnnnddddd bbbbbuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss,,,,, wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh rrrrreeeeellllliiiiieeeeesssss ooooonnnnn fffffooooorrrrreeeeeiiiiigggggnnnnneeeeerrrrrsssss fffffooooorrrrr ccccchhhhheeeeeaaaaappppp lllllaaaaabbbbbooooorrrrr..... SSSSSiiiiinnnnnccccceeeee ttttthhhhheeeee ssseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy
attacks, they've bbbbbaaaaaccccckkkkkeeeeeddddd oooooffffffffff..... TTTTThhhhheeeee bbbbbiiiiillllllllll wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee pppppaaaaasssssssssseeeeeddddd ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee DD))rreessoouurrcceess wweerree nnoott aavvaaiillaabbllee ffoorr tthheeiirr eennffoorrcceemmeenntt
bbbbbbuuuuuutttttt ffffffoooooorrrrrr ccccccoooooonnnnnnggggggrrrrrreeeeeessssssssssssiiiiiioooooonnnnnnaaaaaallllll mmmmmmaaaaaannnnnneeeeeeuuuuuuvvvvvveeeeeerrrrrriiiiiinnnnnnggggggssssss aaaaaannnnnndddddd iiiiiissssss eeeeeexxxxxxppppppeeeeeecccccctttttteeeeeedddddd ttttttoooooo bbbbbbeeeeee
rrreeeiiinnntttrrroooddduuuccceeeddd aaannnddd tttooo pppaaassssss nnneeexxxttt yyyeeeaaarrr... 21.D22. A 23. A 24.D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28.D
AAAAAlllllsssssooooo ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaagggggeeeeennnnndddddaaaaa fffffooooorrrrr nnnnneeeeexxxxxttttt yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrr::::: aaaaa ppppprrrrrooooopppppooooosssssaaaaalllll,,,,, bbbbbaaaaaccccckkkkkeeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy sssssooooommmmmeeeee 31.D32. D 33. A 34.B 35.C 36. D 37. B 38. A
influential law-mmmaaakkkeeerrrsss,,, tttooo ssspppllliiittt ttthhheee IIINNNSSS iiinnntttooo tttwwwooo aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss -- aa ggoooodd
cccccoooooppppp ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt wwwwwooooouuuuulllllddddd ttttteeeeennnnnddddd tttttooooo ssssseeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiiccccceeeee fffffuuuuunnnnnccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss llllliiiiikkkkkeeeee ppppprrrrroooooccccceeeeessssssssssiiiiinnnnnggggg ccccciiiiitttttiiiiizzzzzeeeeennnnnssssshhhhhiiiiippppp Passage One
pppaaapppeeerrrsss aaannnddd aaa bbbaaaddd cccoooppp ttthhhaaattt wwwooouuulllddd cccooonnnccceeennntttrrraaattteee ooonnn bbbooorrrdddeeerrr iiinnnssspppeeeccctttiiiooonnnsss,,, Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollowing passage.
dddeeepppooorrrtttaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss... OOOnnneee rrreeeaaasssooonnn fffooorrr ttthhheee dddiiivvviiisssiiiooonnn,,,
supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become too I had an experience some years ago which taught me
focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept. l 1 something about the ways in which people make a bad situation
tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at
of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation's border security to two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my
protect them from terrorist attacks. community. Both had died “full of years,” as the Bible would say;
36. Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and
A)the legal privileges granted to foreigners full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid
B)the excessive hospitality of the American people condolence ( ) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
C)the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints At the first home, the son of the deceased ( ) woman
D) the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization saidto me, “Ifonly Ihadsent mymother toFlorida andgotten herout of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault A)they couldn’t find a better way to express their grief
that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased B)they believe that they were responsible
woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to C)they had neglected the natural course of events
Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the D) they didn’t know things often turn out in the opposite
abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my direction
fault thatshe’s dead.” 24. In the context of the passage, “... the world makes sense”
When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, it is (Line 2,Para, 4) probably means that ________.
very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the A)everything in the world is predetermined
story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time B)the world can be interpreted in different ways
there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of C)there’s an explanation for everything in the world
action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite D)we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
course – keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation – 25. Peeeooopppllleee hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn mmmaaadddeee tttooo bbbeeellliiieeevvveee sssiiinnnccceee iiinnnfffaaannncccyyy ttthhhaaattt
would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned ________.
out any worse? AAAA))))eeeevvvveeeerrrryyyybbbbooooddddyyyy iiiissss aaaatttt tttthhhheeeeiiiirrrr ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd
There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to BBBBB)))))llllliiiiifffffeeeee aaaaannnnnddddd dddddeeeeeaaaaattttthhhhh iiiiisssss aaaaannnnn uuuuunnnnnsssssooooolllllvvvvveeeeeddddd mmmmmyyyyysssssttttteeeeerrrrryyyyy
feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world CCCCC)))))eeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyy ssssstttttooooorrrrryyyyy ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee aaaaa hhhhhaaaaappppppppppyyyyy eeeeennnnndddddiiiiinnnnnggggg
makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for DDDDDDD)))))))ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr wwwwwwwiiiiiiissssssshhhhhhheeeeeeesssssss aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee cccccccaaaaaaauuuuuuussssssseeeeeee ooooooofffffff eeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrryyyyyyyttttttthhhhhhhiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt hhhhhhhaaaaaaappppppppppppppeeeeeeennnnnnnsssssss
everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and
connections both where thhheeeyyy rrreeeaaallllllyyy eeexxxiiisssttt aaannnddd wwwhhheeerrreee ttthhheeeyyy eeexxxiiisssttt ooonnnlllyyy Passage Two
in our minds. Questiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss 2222266666 tttttooooo 3333300000 aaaaarrrrreeeee bbbbbaaaaassssseeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee.....
TTThhheee ssseeecccooonnnddd eeellleeemmmeeennnttt iiisss ttthhheee nnnoootttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt wwweee aaarrreee ttthhheee cccaaauuussseee ooofff wwwhhhaaattt FFFFFrrrrruuuuussssstttttrrrrraaaaattttteeeeeddddd wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh dddddeeeeelllllaaaaayyyyysssss iiiiinnnnn SSSSSaaaaacccccrrrrraaaaammmmmeeeeennnnntttttooooo,,,,, BBBBBaaaaayyyyy AAAAArrrrreeeeeaaaaa oooooffffffffffiiiiiccccciiiiiaaaaalllllsssss sssssaaaaaiiiiiddddd
hhhaaappppppeeennnsss,,, eeessspppeeeccciiiaaallllllyyy ttthhheee bbbaaaddd ttthhhiiinnngggsss ttthhhaaattt hhhaaappppppeeennn... IIIttt ssseeeeeemmmsss tttooo bbbeee aaa TTTTThhhhhuuuuurrrrrsssssdddddaaaaayyyyy ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy ppppplllllaaaaannnnnnnnnneeeeeddddd tttttooooo tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee mmmmmaaaaatttttttttteeeeerrrrrsssss iiiiinnnnntttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr ooooowwwwwnnnnn hhhhhaaaaannnnndddddsssss tttttooooo
ssshhhooorrrttt sssttteeeppp fffrrrooommm bbbeeellliiieeevvviiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt eeevvveeerrryyy eeevvveeennnttt hhhaaasss aaa cccaaauuussseee tttooo bbbeeellliiieeevvviiinnnggg rrrrreeeeeggggguuuuulllllaaaaattttteeeee ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeegggggiiiiiooooonnnnn’’’’’sssss gggggrrrrrooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg pppppiiiiillllleeeee ooooofffff eeeeellllleeeeeccccctttttrrrrrooooonnnnniiiiiccccc tttttrrrrraaaaassssshhhhh.....
thhhhaaaatttt eeeevvvveeeerrrryyyy ddddiiiissssaaaasssstttteeeerrrr iiiissss oooouuuurrrr ffffaaaauuuulllltttt.... TTTThhhheeee rrrroooooooottttssss ooooffff tttthhhhiiiissss ffffeeeeeeeelllliiiinnnngggg mmmmaaaayyyy lllliiiieeee iiiinnnn AAA SSSaaannn JJJooossseee cccooouuunnnccciiilllwwwooommmaaannn and a San Francisco supervisor
ooooouuuuurrrrr ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddhhhhhooooooooooddddd..... PPPPPsssssyyyyyccccchhhhhooooolllllooooogggggiiiiissssstttttsssss ssssspppppeeeeeaaaaakkkkk ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiinnnnnfffffaaaaannnnntttttiiiiillllleeeee mmmmmyyyyyttttthhhhh ooooofffff sssaaaiiiddd ttthhheeeyyy wwwooouuulllddd ppprrrooopppooossseee lllooocccaaalll iiinnniiitttiiiaaatttiiivvveeesss aaaiiimmmeeeddd aaattt cccooonnntttrrrooolllllliiinnnggg
omnipotence ( )))))..... AAAAA bbbbbaaaaabbbbbyyyyy cccccooooommmmmeeeeesssss tttttooooo ttttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnkkkkk ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee wwwwwooooorrrrrlllllddddd eeeeexxxxxiiiiissssstttttsssss tttttooooo eeellleeeccctttrrrooonnniiiccc wwwaaasssttteee iiifff ttthhheee CCCaaallliiifffooorrrnnniiiaaa lllaaawww-making body fails to act on
mmmmmeeeeeeeeeettttt hhhhhiiiiisssss nnnnneeeeeeeeeedddddsssss,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt hhhhheeeee mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeeesssss eeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyyttttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnggggg hhhhhaaaaappppppppppeeeeennnnn iiiiinnnnn iiiiittttt..... HHHHHeeeee tttwwwooo bbbiiillllllsss ssstttaaalllllleeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee AAAsssssseeemmmbbblllyyy... TTThhheeeyyy aaarrreee aaammmooonnnggg aaa gggrrrooowwwiiinnnggg
wwwwwaaaaakkkkkeeeeesssss uuuuuppppp iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmooooorrrrrnnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaannnnnddddd sssssuuuuummmmmmmmmmooooonnnnnsssss ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeesssssttttt ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee wwwwwooooorrrrrlllllddddd tttttooooo iiiiitttttsssss nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff CCCaaallliiifffooorrrnnniiiaaa ccciiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd cccooounties that have expressed the
ttttttaaaaaasssssskkkkkkssssss...... HHHHHHeeeeee ccccccrrrrrriiiiiieeeeeessssss,,,,,, aaaaaannnnnndddddd ssssssoooooommmmmmeeeeeeoooooonnnnnneeeeee ccccccoooooommmmmmeeeeeessssss ttttttoooooo aaaaaatttttttttttteeeeeennnnnndddddd ttttttoooooo hhhhhhiiiiiimmmmmm...... WWWWWWhhhhhheeeeeennnnnn hhhhhheeeeee iiiiiissssss sssaaammmeee iiinnnttteeennntttiiiooonnn...
hhhhhhhuuuuuuunnnnnnngggggggrrrrrrryyyyyyy,,,,,,, pppppppeeeeeeeooooooopppppppllllllleeeeeee fffffffeeeeeeeeeeeeeeddddddd hhhhhhhiiiiiiimmmmmmm,,,,,,, aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd wwwwwwwhhhhhhheeeeeeennnnnnn hhhhhhheeeeeee iiiiiiisssssss wwwwwwweeeeeeettttttt,,,,,,, pppppppeeeeeeeooooooopppppppllllllleeeeeee ccccccchhhhhhhaaaaaaannnnnnngggggggeeeeeee hhhhhhhiiiiiiimmmmmmm....... Environmentalists and local governments are increasingly
VVVVVeeeeerrrrryyyyy ooooofffffttttteeeeennnnn,,,,, wwwwweeeee dddddooooo nnnnnooooottttt cccccooooommmmmpppppllllleeeeettttteeeeelllllyyyyy ooooouuuuutttttgggggrrrrrooooowwwww ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiinnnnnfffffaaaaannnnntttttiiiiillllleeeee nnnnnoooootttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt concerned about the toxic hazard posed by old electronic devices
ooouuurrr wwwiiissshhheeesss cccaaauuussseee ttthhhiiinnngggsss tttooo hhhaaappppppeeennn... and the cost of safely recycling those products. An estimated 6
21. WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiisssss sssssaaaaaiiiiiddddd aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeee tttttwwwwwooooo dddddeeeeeccccceeeeeaaaaassssseeeeeddddd eeeeellllldddddeeeeerrrrrlllllyyyyy wwwwwooooommmmmeeeeennnnn????? million televisions and computers are stocked in California homes,
A)They lived out a natural life. and an additional 6,000 to 7,000 computers become outdated every
B)They dieddd ooofff eeexxxhhhaaauuussstttiiiooonnn aaafffttteeerrr ttthhheee lllooonnnggg ppplllaaannneee rrriiidddeee... day. The machines contain high levels of lead and other hazardous
C)They weren’t accustomed to the change in weather. substances, and are already banned from California landfills (
D)They died due to lack of care by family members. ).
22. The author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably Legislation by Senator Byron Sher would require consumers
because ________. to pay a recycling fee of up to $30 on every new machine
A)he wanted to consolethe two families containing a cathode ( ) ray tube. Used in almost all video
B)he was an official from the community monitors and televisions, those devices contain four to eight
C)he had great sympathy for the deceased pounds oflead each. The fees would go toward setting up recycling
D)he was priest of the local church programs, providing grants to non-profit agencies that reuse the
23. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because tubes and rewarding manufacturers that encourage recycling.
________.A separate bill by Los Angeles-area Senator Gloria Romero _______.
would require high-tech manufacturers to develop programs to A)abandon online shopping
recycle so-called e-waste. B)buy them from other states
If passed, the measures would put California at the forefront C)strongly protest against such a charge
of national efforts to manage the refuse of the electronic age. D)hesitate to upgrade their computers
But high-tech groups, including the Silicon Valley 30. We learn from the passage that much of California’s
Manufacturing Group and the American Electronics Association, electronic waste has been _______.
oppose the measures, arguing that fees of up to $30 will drive A)collected by non-profit agencies
consumers to online, out-of-state retailers. B)dumped into local landfills
“What really needs to occur is consumer education. Most C)exported to foreign countries
consumers are unaware they’re not supposed to throw computers in D)recycled by computer manufacturers
the trash,” said Roxanne Gould, vice president of government
relations for the electronics association. Passage Three
Computer recycling should be a local effort and part of QQQQuuuueeeessssttttiiiioooonnnnssss 33331111 ttttoooo 33335555 aaaarrrreeee bbbbaaaasssseeeedddd oooonnnn tttthhhheeee ffffoooolllllllloooowwwwiiiinnnngggg ppppaaaassssssssaaaaggggeeee,,,,
residential waste collection programs, she added.
Recycling electronic waste is a dangerous and specialized TTTTThhhhhrrrrrooooouuuuuggggghhhhhooooouuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn’’’’’sssss mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn 1111155555,,,,,000000000000000 sssssccccchhhhhoooooooooolllll dddddiiiiissssstttttrrrrriiiiiccccctttttsssss,,,,,
matter, and environmentalists maintain the state must support wwwwwwwiiiiiiidddddddeeeeeeelllllllyyyyyyy dddddddiiiiiiiffffffffffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrriiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg aaaaaaapppppppppppppprrrrrrroooooooaaaaaaaccccccchhhhhhheeeeeeesssssss tttttttooooooo ttttttteeeeeeeaaaaaaaccccccchhhhhhhiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg sssssssccccccciiiiiiieeeeeeennnnnnnccccccceeeeeee aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd mmmmmmmaaaaaaattttttthhhhhhh hhhhhhhaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee
recycling efforts and ensure that the job isn’t contracted to eeeeeeemmmmmmmeeeeeeerrrrrrrgggggggeeeeeeeddddddd....... TTTTTTThhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuuggggggghhhhhhh ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeee cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnn bbbbbbbeeeeeee ssssssstttttttrrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnngggggggttttttthhhhhhh iiiiiiinnnnnnn dddddddiiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrrsssssssiiiiiiitttttttyyyyyyy,,,,,,, aaaaaaa nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww
unscrupulous ( ))) jjjuuunnnkkk dddeeeaaallleeerrrsss wwwhhhooo ssseeennnddd ttthhheee tttoooxxxiiiccc pppaaarrrtttsss iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll aaaaannnnnaaaaalllllyyyyysssssiiiiisssss sssssuuuuuggggggggggeeeeessssstttttsssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss vvvvvaaaaarrrrriiiiiaaaaabbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy hhhhhaaaaasssss iiiiinnnnnsssssttttteeeeeaaaaaddddd
overseas. cccooonnntttrrriiibbbuuuttteeeddd tttooo lllaaaccckkkllluuusssttteeerrr ((( ))) aaaccchhhiiieeevvveeemmmeeennnttt ssscccooorrreeesss bbbyyy UUU...SSS...
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rrruuurrraaalll CCChhhiiinnnaaa,,,””” sssaaaiiiddd TTTeeeddd SSSmmmiiittthhh,,, dddiiirrreeeccctttooorrr ooofff ttthhheee SSSiiillliiicccooonnn VVVaaalllllleeeyyy TTToooxxxiiicccsss IIIIInnnnndddddeeeeeeeeeeddddd,,,,, cccccooooonnnnncccccllllluuuuudddddeeeeesssss WWWWWiiiiilllllllllliiiiiaaaaammmmm HHHHH..... SSSSSccccchhhhhmmmmmiiiiidddddttttt ooooofffff MMMMMiiiiiccccchhhhhiiiiigggggaaaaannnnn SSSSStttttaaaaattttteeeee
CCCoooaaallliiitttiiiooonnn... HHHiiisss gggrrrooouuuppp iiisss pppuuussshhhiiinnnggg fffooorrr aaannn aaammmeeennndddmmmeeennnttt tttooo SSShhheeerrr’’’sss bbbiiillllll UUUUUnnnnniiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy,,,,, wwwwwhhhhhooooo llllleeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeewwwww aaaaannnnnaaaaalllllyyyyysssssiiiiisssss,,,,, “““““nnnnnooooo sssssiiiiinnnnngggggllllleeeee iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeelllllllllleeeeeccccctttttuuuuuaaaaallllllllllyyyyy
that would prevent the export of e-waste. ccccoooohhhheeeerrrreeeennnntttt vvvviiiissssiiiioooonnnn ddddoooommmmiiiinnnnaaaatttteeeessss UUUU....SSSS.... eeeedddduuuuccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnaaaal practice in math or
26. WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt sssssttttteeeeeppppp wwwwweeeeerrrrreeeee BBBBBaaaaayyyyy AAAAArrrrreeeeeaaaaa oooooffffffffffiiiiiccccciiiiiaaaaalllllsssss gggggoooooiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee rrrrreeeeegggggaaaaarrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg sssccciiieeennnccceee...’’’’’’ TTThhheee rrreeeaaasssooonnn,,, hhheee sssaaaiiiddd,,, “““iiisss bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ttthhheee sssyyysssttteeemmm iiisss dddeeeeeeppplllyyy aaannnddd
e-waste disposal? fffuuunnndddaaammmeeennntttaaallllllyyy ffflllaaawwweeeddd...”””
AAAAA)))))EEEEExxxxxeeeeerrrrrttttt ppppprrrrreeeeessssssssssuuuuurrrrreeeee ooooonnnnn mmmmmaaaaannnnnuuuuufffffaaaaaccccctttttuuuuurrrrreeeeerrrrrsssss ooooofffff eeeeellllleeeeeccccctttttrrrrrooooonnnnniiiiiccccc dddddeeeeevvvvviiiiiccccceeeeesssss..... TTThhheee nnneeewww aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss,,, rrreeellleeeaaassseeeddd ttthhhiiisss wwweeeeeekkk bbbyyy ttthhheee NNNaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll SSSccciiieeennnccceee
BBBBB)))))LLLLLaaaaayyyyy dddddooooowwwwwnnnnn rrrrreeeeellllleeeeevvvvvaaaaannnnnttttt lllllooooocccccaaaaalllll rrrrreeeeeggggguuuuulllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmmssssseeeeelllllvvvvveeeeesssss..... FFFooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnn AAArrrllliiinnngggtttooonnn,,, VVVaaa...,,, iiisss bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn dddaaatttaaa cccooolllllleeecccttteeeddd fffrrrooommm aaabbbooouuuttt
CCCCC)))))LLLLLooooobbbbbbbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee lllllaaaaawwwwwmmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeeerrrrrsssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee CCCCCaaaaallllliiiiifffffooooorrrrrnnnnniiiiiaaaaa AAAAAsssssssssseeeeemmmmmbbbbblllllyyyyy..... 555000 nnnaaatttiiiooonnnsss aaasss pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee TTThhhiiirrrddd IIInnnttteeerrrnnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll MMMaaattthhheeemmmaaatttiiicccsss aaannnddd
DDDDD)))))RRRRRaaaaallllllllllyyyyy sssssuuuuuppppppppppooooorrrrrttttt tttttooooo pppppaaaaassssssssss ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttaaaaalllllllllleeeeeddddd bbbbbiiiiillllllllllsssss..... Science Study.
27. Theeeee tttttwwwwwooooo bbbbbiiiiillllllllllsssss ssssstttttaaaaalllllllllleeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee CCCCCaaaaallllliiiiifffffooooorrrrrnnnnniiiiiaaaaa AAAAAsssssssssseeeeemmmmmbbbbblllllyyyyy bbbbbooooottttthhhhh cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeerrrrrnnnnn Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary
________. among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there
AAAAA)))))rrrrreeeeeggggguuuuulllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss ooooonnnnn ddddduuuuummmmmpppppiiiiinnnnnggggg hhhhhaaaaazzzzzaaaaarrrrrdddddooooouuuuusssss sssssuuuuubbbbbssssstttttaaaaannnnnccccceeeeesssss iiiiinnnnntttttooooo lllllaaaaannnnndddddfffffiiiiillllllllllsssss appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s
BBB)))ttthhheee sssaaallleee ooofff uuussseeeddd eeellleeeccctttrrrooonnniiiccc dddeeevvviiiccceeesss tttooo fffooorrreeeiiigggnnn cccooouuunnntttrrriiieeesss curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers’ activities. This contrasts
CCC)))ttthhheee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ooofff lllooocccaaalll iiinnniiitttiiiaaatttiiivvveeesss tttooo rrreeeuuussseee eeellleeeccctttrrrooonnniiiccc tttrrraaassshhh sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other
D)the reprocessing of the huge amounts of electronic waste in countries.
the state On average, U.S. students study more topics within science
28. Consumers are not supposed to throw used computers in the and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an
trash because ________. educational environment that “is a mile wide and an inch deep,”
A)they contain large amounts of harmful substances Schmidt notes.
B)this is banned by the California government For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about
C)some parts may be recycled for use elsewhere 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses,
D)unscrupulous dealers will retrieve them for profit the international gap is even wider. U.S.curricula for this age level
29. High-tech groups believe that if an extra $30 is charged on resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia,
every TV or computer purchased in California, consumers will Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the UnitedStates wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational A)there is always controversy in educational circles
systems “share our pattern of splintered ( ) visions” but B)not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing
which are not economic leaders. so
The new report “couldn’t come at a better time,” says Gerald C) school districts are responsible for making their own
Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers decisions
Association in Arlington. “The new National Science Education D) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these
Standards provide that focused vision,” including the call “to do standards
less, but in greater depth.”
Implementing the new science standards and their math Passage Four
counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States
requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community “““III’’’vvveee nnneeevvveeerrr mmmeeettt aaa hhhuuummmaaannn wwwooorrrttthhh ccclllooonnniiinnnggg,,,””” sssaaayyysss ccclllooonnniiinnnggg eeexxxpppeeerrrttt
at a time. MMMaaarrrkkk WWWeeesssttthhhuuusssiiinnn fffrrrooommm hhhiiisss lllaaabbb aaattt TTTeeexxxaaasss AAA&&&MMM UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy... “““IIIttt’’’sss a
In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed ssssttttuuuuppppiiiidddd eeeennnnddddeeeeaaaavvvvoooorrrr....”””” TTTThhhhaaaatttt’’’’ssss aaaannnn iiiinnnntttteeeerrrreeeessssttttiiiinnnngggg cccchhhhooooiiiicccceeee ooooffff aaaaddddjjjjeeeeccccttttiiiivvvveeee,,,, ccccoooommmmiiiinnnngggg
national standards “face an almost impossible task, because even fffffrrrrrooooommmmm aaaaa mmmmmaaaaannnnn wwwwwhhhhhooooo hhhhhaaaaasssss ssssspppppeeeeennnnnttttt mmmmmiiiiilllllllllliiiiiooooonnnnnsssss ooooofffff dddddooooollllllllllaaaaarrrrrsssss tttttrrrrryyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo ccccclllllooooonnnnneeeee aaaaa
though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one 13-yyyeeeaaarrr---ooooolllllddddd dddddoooooggggg nnnnnaaaaammmmmeeeeeddddd MMMMMiiiiissssssssssyyyyy..... SSSSSooooo fffffaaaaarrrrr,,,,, hhhhheeeee aaaaannnnnddddd hhhhhiiiiisssss ttttteeeeeaaaaammmmm hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee nnnnnooooottttt
more voice in the babble ( ).” sssssssuuuuuuucccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddeeeeeeeddddddd,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuuggggggghhhhhhh ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy hhhhhhhaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee ccccccclllllllooooooonnnnnnneeeeeeeddddddd tttttttwwwwwwwooooooo cccccccooooooowwwwwwwsssssss aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd eeeeeeexxxxxxxpppppppeeeeeeecccccccttttttt tttttttooooooo ccccccclllllllooooooone a
31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in cccccccaaaaaaattttttt sssssssoooooooooooooonnnnnnn....... TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy jjjjjjjuuuuuuusssssssttttttt mmmmmmmiiiiiiiggggggghhhhhhhttttttt sssssssuuuuuuucccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeddddddd iiiiiiinnnnnnn ccccccclllllllooooooonnnnnnniiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg MMMMMMMiiiiiiissssssssssssssyyyyyyy ttttttthhhhhhhiiiiiiisssssss sssssssppppppprrrrrrriiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg – or
America is ________. pppppeeeeerrrrrhhhhhaaaaapppppsssss nnnnnooooottttt fffffooooorrrrr aaaaannnnnooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr 55555 yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss..... IIIIIttttt ssssseeeeeeeeeemmmmmsssss ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeeppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee sssssyyyyysssssttttteeeeemmmmm ooooofffff
A)focused on tapping students’ potential mmmmmaaaaannnnn’’’’’sssss bbbbbeeeeesssssttttt fffffrrrrriiiiieeeeennnnnddddd iiiiisssss ooooonnnnneeeee ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmyyyyysssssttttteeeeerrrrriiiiieeeeesssss ooooofffff mmmmmooooodddddeeeeerrrrrnnnnn sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee.....
B)characterized by its diversity WWWWWeeeeesssssttttthhhhhuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnn’’’’’sssss eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeerrrrriiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh ccccclllllooooonnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaannnnniiiiimmmmmaaaaalllllsssss llllleeeeeaaaaavvvvveeeeesssss hhhhhim
C)losing its vitality gradually uuuuupppppssssseeeeettttt bbbbbyyyyy aaaaallllllllll ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss tttttaaaaalllllkkkkk ooooofffff hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn ccccclllllooooonnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg..... IIIIInnnnn ttttthhhhhrrrrreeeeeeeeee yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss ooooofffff wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkk ooooonnnnn
D)going downhill in recent years ttttthhhhheeeee MMMMMiiiiissssssssssyyyyy ppppprrrrrooooojjjjjeeeeecccccttttt,,,,, uuuuusssssiiiiinnnnnggggg hhhhhuuuuunnnnndddddrrrrreeeeedddddsssss uuuuupppppooooonnnnn hhhhhuuuuunnnnndddddrrrrreeeeedddddsssss ooooofffff dddddoooooggggg’’’’’sssss eeeeeggggggggggsssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee
32. TTTThhhheeee ffffuuuunnnnddddaaaammmmeeeennnnttttaaaallll ffffllllaaaawwww ooooffff AAAAmmmmeeeerrrriiiiccccaaaannnn sssscccchhhhoooooooollll eeeedddduuuuccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn iiiissss tttthhhhaaaatttt AAAA&&&&MMMM tttteeeeaaaammmm hhhhaaaassss pppprrrroooodddduuuucccceeeedddd oooonnnnllllyyyy aaaa ddddoooozzzzeeeennnn oooorrrr ssssoooo eeeemmmmbbbbrrrryyyyoooossss (((( )
________. cccaaarrrrrryyyiiinnnggg MMMiiissssssyyy’’’sss DDDNNNAAA... NNNooonnneee hhhaaavvveee sssuuurrrvvviiivvveeeddd ttthhheee tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr tttooo aaa
AAA)))iiittt lllaaaccckkksss aaa cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaattteeeddd nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll ppprrrooogggrrraaammm ssuurrrrooggaaattteee ((( ) mother. The wastage of eggs and the many
BBBBB)))))iiiiittttt ssssseeeeetttttsssss aaaaa vvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyy lllllooooowwwww aaaaacccccaaaaadddddeeeeemmmmmiiiiiccccc ssssstttttaaaaannnnndddddaaaaarrrrrddddd fffffooooorrrrr ssssstttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss ssspppooonnntttaaannneeeooouuussslllyyy aaabbbooorrrttteeeddd fffeeetttuuussseeesss ((( ) may be acceptable when you’re
CCCCC)))))iiiiittttt rrrrreeeeellllliiiiieeeeesssss hhhhheeeeeaaaaavvvvviiiiilllllyyyyy ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiinnnnniiiiitttttiiiiiaaaaatttttiiiiivvvvveeeee ooooofffff iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaalllll ttttteeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhhers dddeeeaaallliiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh cccaaatttsss ooorrr bbbuuullllllsss,,, hhheee aaarrrggguuueeesss,,, bbbuuuttt nnnooottt wwwiiittthhh hhhuuummmaaannnsss...
DDDDDDD))))))) iiiiiiittttttt aaaaaaattttttttttttttaaaaaaaccccccchhhhhhheeeeeeesssssss tttttttoooooooooooooo mmmmmmmuuuuuuuccccccchhhhhhh iiiiiiimmmmmmmpppppppooooooorrrrrrrtttttttaaaaaaannnnnnnccccccceeeeeee tttttttooooooo iiiiiiinnnnnnnttttttteeeeeeennnnnnnsssssssiiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeee ssssssstttttttuuuuuuudddddddyyyyyyy ooooooofffffff “““CCClllooonnniiinnnggg iiisss iiinnncccrrreeedddiiibbblllyyy iiinnneeeffffffiiiccciiieeennnttt,,, aaannnddd aaalllsssooo dddaaannngggeeerrrooouuusss,,,””” hhheee sssaaayyysss...
school subjects Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice
33. BBBBByyyyy sssssaaaaayyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUU.....SSSSS..... eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt iiiiisssss “““““aaaaa mmmmmiiiiillllleeeee research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997,
wwwwwiiiiidddddeeeee aaaaannnnnddddd aaaaannnnn iiiiinnnnnccccchhhhh dddddeeeeeeeeeeppppp””””” (((((LLLLLiiiiinnnnneeeee 22222,,,,, PPPPPaaaaarrrrraaaaa..... 55555))))),,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr mmmmmeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss Westhusin’s phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of
UUU...SSS... eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll ppprrraaaccctttiiiccceee ________________________... duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people
A)lays stress on quuuaaallliiitttyyy aaattt ttthhheee eeexxxpppeeennnssseee ooofff qqquuuaaannntttiiitttyyy want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin.
BBB)))oooffffffeeerrrsss aaannn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt fffooorrr cccooommmppprrreeehhheeennnsssiiivvveee eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn Cost is no obstacle for Missy’s mysterious billionaire owner; he’s
C)encourages learning both in depth and in scope put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M’s research.
D)scratches the surface of a wide range of topics Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The
34. The new National Science Education Standards are good news owner wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she does
inthat they will ________. die. The prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and
A)provide depth to school science education supersmart. Missy’s master does not expect an exact copy of her.
B)solve most of the problems in school teaching He knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement
C)be able to meet the demands of the community of purpose, Missy’s owner and the A&M team say they are “both
D)quickly dominate U.S. educational practice looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from
35. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will Missy.”
prove difficult because ________.Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead
to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the
animals. contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the
However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown
that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than
survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that
animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight farmers still benefit from today.
problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack
Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most
out in animals yet?” organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the
36. By “stupid endeavor” (Line 2, Para. 1), Westhusin means to fffooorrreeesssttt fffllloooooorrr... TTThhhiiisss mmmeeeaaannnsss tttooopppsssoooiiilll cccooonnntttaaaiiinnnsss fffeeewww ooofff ttthhheee iiinnngggrrreeedddiiieeennntttsss
say that ________. nnneeeeeedddeeeddd fffooorrr lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm sssuuucccccceeessssssfffuuulll fffaaarrrmmmiiinnnggg...
A)animal cloning is not worth the effort at all BBBBuuuutttt BBBBrrrruuuunnnnoooo GGGGllllaaaasssseeeerrrr,,,, aaaa ssssooooiiiillll sssscccciiiieeeennnnttttiiiisssstttt ooooffff tttthhhheeee UUUUnnnniiiivvvveeeerrrrssssiiiittttyyyy ooooffff
B)animal cloning is absolutely impractical BBBBBaaaaayyyyyrrrrreeeeeuuuuuttttthhhhh,,,,, hhhhhaaaaasssss ssssstttttuuuuudddddiiiiieeeeeddddd uuuuunnnnneeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeecccccttttteeeeeddddd pppppaaaaatttttccccchhhhheeeeesssss ooooofffff fffffeeeeerrrrrtttttiiiiillllleeeee sssssoooooiiiiilllllsssss iiiiinnnnn ttttthe
C)human cloning should be done selectively ccccceeeeennnnntttttrrrrraaaaalllll AAAAAmmmmmaaaaazzzzzooooonnnnn..... TTTTThhhhheeeeessssseeeee sssssoooooiiiiilllllsssss cccccooooonnnnntttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnn llllloooootttttsssss ooooofffff ooooorrrrrgggggaaaaannnnniiiiiccccc mmmmmaaaaatttttttttteeeeerrrrr.....
D)human cloning is a foolish undertaking GGGGGGGlllllllaaaaaaassssssseeeeeeerrrrrrr hhhhhhhaaaaaaasssssss ssssssshhhhhhhooooooowwwwwwwnnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt mmmmmmmooooooosssssssttttttt ooooooofffffff ttttttthhhhhhhiiiiiiisssssss fffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrrtttttttiiiiiiillllllleeeeeee ooooooorrrrrrrgggggggaaaaaaannnnnnniiiiiiiccccccc mmmmmmmaaaaaaatttttttttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrr cccccccooooooommmmmmmeeeeeeesssssss
37. What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin’s dog fffrrrooommm “““bbblllaaaccckkk cccaaarrrbbbooonnn”””-ttthhheee ooorrrgggaaannniiiccc pppaaarrrtttiiicccllleeesss fffrrrooommm cccaaammmppp fffiiirrreeesss aaannnddd
cloning project? cchhaarrrreedd (( ))) wwwooooooddd llleeefffttt ooovvveeerrr fffrrrooommm ttthhhooouuusssaaannndddsss ooofff yyyeeeaaarrrsss ooofff
A)Its success is already in sight. slash---aaannnddd---bbbbbuuuuurrrrrnnnnn fffffaaaaarrrrrmmmmmiiiiinnnnnggggg..... ”””””TTTTThhhhheeeee sssssoooooiiiiilllllsssss,,,,, kkkkknnnnnooooowwwwwnnnnn aaaaasssss TTTTTeeeeerrrrrrrrrraaaaa PPPPPrrrrreeeeetttttaaaaa,,,,,
B)Its outcome remains uncertain. cccccooooonnnnntttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnneeeeeddddd uuuuuppppp tttttooooo 7777700000tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeeesssss mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee bbbbblllllaaaaaccccckkkkk cccccaaaaarrrrrbbbbbooooonnnnn ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhheeeee
C)It is doomed to utter failure. sssssuuuuurrrrrrrrrrooooouuuuunnnnndddddiiiiinnnnnggggg sssssoooooiiiiilllll,,,,, ”””””sssssaaaaayyyyysssss GGGGGlllllaaaaassssseeeeerrrrr.....
D)It is progressing smoothly. UUUUUnnnnnbbbbbuuuuurrrrrnnnnnttttt vvvvveeeeegggggeeeeetttttaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn rrrrroooootttttsssss qqqqquuuuuiiiiiccccckkkkklllllyyyyy,,,,, bbbbbuuuuuttttt bbbbblllllaaaaaccccckkkkk cccccaaaaarrrrrbbbbbooooonnnnn pppppeeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiissssstttttsssss iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee
38. BBByyy ccclllooonnniiinnnggg MMMiiissssssyyy,,, MMMaaarrrkkk WWWeeesssttthhhuuusssiiinnn hhhooopppeeesss tttooo ________________________... soooiiilll fffooorrr mmmaaannnyyy ccceeennntttuuurrriiieeesss... RRRaaadddiiiooocccaaarrrbbbooonnn dddaaatttiiinnnggg ssshhhooowwwsss ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee
AAA)))ssstttuuudddyyy ttthhheee pppooossssssiiibbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff ccclllooonnniiinnnggg hhhuuummmaaannnsss ccchhhaaarrrrrreeeddd wwwooooooddd iiinnn TTTeeerrrrrraaa PPPrrreeetttaaa sssoooiiilllsss iiisss tttyyypppiiicccaaallllllyyy mmmooorrreee ttthhhaaannn 111,,,000000000
BBB)))ssseeeaaarrrccchhh fffooorrr wwwaaayyysss tttooo mmmooodddiiifffyyy iiitttsss ttteeemmmpppeeerrraaammmeeennnttt yyyeeeaaarrrsss ooolllddd...
CCCCC)))))eeeeexxxxxaaaaammmmmiiiiinnnnneeeee ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeeppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee sssssyyyyysssssttttteeeeemmmmm ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee dddddoooooggggg ssssspppppeeeeeccccciiiiieeeeesssss “““SSSlllaaassshhh--aanndd--burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesn’t
DDDDD)))))fffffiiiiinnnnnddddd ooooouuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeee dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnccccceeeeesssss bbbbbeeeeetttttwwwwweeeeeeeeeennnnn MMMMMiiiiissssssssssyyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiitttttsssss ccccclllllooooonnnnneeeeesssss ccoommpplleetteellyy bbuurrnn aallll tthhee vveeggeettaattiioonn,, aanndd lleeaavveess bbeehhiinndd cchhaarrred
39. WWWWWWeeeeee lllllleeeeeeaaaaaarrrrrrnnnnnn ffffffrrrrrroooooommmmmm tttttthhhhhheeeeee ppppppaaaaaassssssssssssaaaaaaggggggeeeeee tttttthhhhhhaaaaaatttttt aaaaaannnnnniiiiiimmmmmmaaaaaallllll cccccclllllloooooonnnnnneeeeeessssss aaaaaarrrrrreeeeee lllllliiiiiikkkkkkeeeeeellllllyyyyyy ttttttoooooo wood,” says Glaser. “It can be better than manure ( ).”
have ________. Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black
A)a bad temper carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And
B)immune deficiency rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary
C)defective organs to the conventional view that human activities damage the
D)an abnormal shape environment, Glaser says: ”Black carbon combined with
40. IIIttt cccaaannn bbbeee ssseeeeeennn ttthhhaaattt ppprrreeessseeennnttt ccclllooonnniiinnnggg ttteeeccchhhnnniiiqqquuueeesss ________________________... human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta
A)still have a long way to go before reaching maturity soils.”
B)have been widely used in saving endangered species Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all over the Amazon,
C)provide insight into the question of nature vs. nurture where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall
D)have proved quite adequate for the cloning of humans within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser
says the widespread presence of pottery ( ) confirms the
21-25 A D B C D 26-30 B D A B C 31-35 B A D A C soil’s human origins.
36-40 D B D C A The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the
Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of
agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by
Passage One generations of biologists for “virgin” forest.During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an
large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical
high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic
these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers
the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to
the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the
managed to feed themselves. “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century.
11. We learn from the passage that the traditional view of The communications revolution, the shift from a business
slash-and-burn farming is that . culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of
A)it does no harm tothe topsoil of the rainforest women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on(
B)it destroys rainforest soils ) Europeans’ private lives.
C)it helps improve rainforest soils EEEuuurrrooopppeee’’’sss nnneeewww eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc cccllliiimmmaaattteee hhhaaasss lllaaarrrgggeeelllyyy fffooosssttteeerrreeeddd ttthhheee tttrrreeennnddd
D)it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils tttooowwwaaarrrddd iiinnndddeeepppeeennndddeeennnccceee... TTThhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt gggeeennneeerrraaatttiiiooonnn ooofff hhhooommmeee-aloners
ccccaaaammmmeeee ooooffff aaaaggggeeee dddduuuurrrriiiinnnngggg EEEEuuuurrrrooooppppeeee’’’’ssss sssshhhhiiiifffftttt ffffrrrroooommmm ssssoooocccciiiiaaaallll ddddeeeemmmmooooccccrrrraaaaccccyyyy ttttoooo
12.Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because . ttttthhhhheeeee ssssshhhhhaaaaarrrrrpppppeeeeerrrrr,,,,, mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaallllliiiiissssstttttiiiiiccccc cccccllllliiiiimmmmmaaaaattttteeeee ooooofffff American style
A)the composition of the topsoil is rather unstable cccccaaaaapppppiiiiitttttaaaaallllliiiiisssssmmmmm..... RRRRRaaaaaiiiiissssseeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn aaaaannnnn eeeeerrrrraaaaa ooooofffff ppppprrrrriiiiivvvvvaaaaatttttiiiiizzzzzaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaassssseeeeeddddd
B)black carbon is washed away by heavy rains cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrr ccccchhhhhoooooiiiiiccccceeeee,,,,, tttttooooodddddaaaaayyyyy’’’’’sssss ttttteeeeeccccchhhhh-savvy( ) workers
C)organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rain hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee eeeeemmmmmbbbbbrrrrraaaaaccccceeeeeddddd aaaaa fffffrrrrreeeeeeeeee mmmmmaaaaarrrrrkkkkkeeeeettttt iiiiinnnnn lllllooooovvvvveeeee aaaaasssss wwwwweeeeellllllllll aaaaasssss eeeeecccccooooonnnnnooooommmmmiiiiicccccsssss.....
D) long-ttteeerrrmmm fffaaarrrmmmiiinnnggg hhhaaasss eeexxxhhhaaauuusssttteeeddd ttthhheee iiinnngggrrreeedddiiieeennntttsss eeesssssseeennntttiiiaaalll tttooo MMMMMooooodddddeeeeerrrrrnnnnn EEEEEuuuuurrrrrooooopppppeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee rrrrriiiiiccccchhhhh eeeeennnnnooooouuuuuggggghhhhh tttttooooo aaaaaffffffffffooooorrrrrddddd tttttooooo llllliiiiivvvvveeeee aaaaalllllooooonnnnneeeee,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd
plant growth ttteeemmmpppeeerrraaammmeeennnnntttttaaaaallllllllllyyyyy iiiiinnnnndddddeeeeepppppeeeeennnnndddddeeeeennnnnttttt eeeeennnnnooooouuuuuggggghhhhh tttttooooo wwwwwaaaaannnnnttttt tttttooooo dddddooooo sssssooooo.....
OOOOOnnnnnccccceeeee uuuuupppppooooonnnnn aaaaa tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee,,,,, pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee wwwwwhhhhhooooo llllliiiiivvvvveeeeeddddd aaaaalllllooooonnnnneeeee ttttteeeeennnnndddddeeeeeddddd tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee ttttthhhhhooooossssseeeee ooooonnnnn
13.Glaser made his discovery by . eeeeeiiiiittttthhhhheeeeerrrrr sssssiiiiidddddeeeee ooooofffff mmmmmaaaaarrrrrrrrrriiiiiaaaaagggggeeeee-twentysomething professionals or
A)studying patchesooofff fffeeerrrtttiiillleee sssoooiiilllsss iiinnn ttthhheee ccceeennntttrrraaalll AAAmmmaaazzzooonnn wwwiiidddooowwweeeddd ssseeennniiiooorrr ccciiitttiiizzzeeennnsss... WWWhhhiiillleee pppeeennnsssiiiooonnneeerrrsss,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy
BBB)))eeexxxaaammmiiinnniiinnnggg pppoootttttteeerrryyy llleeefffttt ooovvveeerrr bbbyyy aaannnccciiieeennnttt ccciiivvviiillliiizzzaaatttiiiooonnnsss eeellldddeeerrrlllyyy wwwooommmeeennn,,, mmmaaakkkeee uuuppp aaa lllaaarrrgggeee ppprrrooopppooortion of those living
C)test-bbbuuurrrnnniiinnnggg pppaaatttccchhheeesss ooofff tttrrreeeeeesss iiinnn ttthhheee ccceeennntttrrraaalll AAAmmmaaazzzooonnn aaalllooonnneee,,, ttthhheee nnneeewwweeesssttt cccrrroooppp ooofff sssiiinnngggllleeesss aaarrreee hhhiiiggghhh eeeaaarrrnnneeerrrsss iiinnn ttthhheeeiiirrr 333000sss
D)radiocarbon-dddddaaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiinnnnngggggrrrrreeeeedddddiiiiieeeeennnnntttttsssss cccccooooonnnnntttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnneeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn fffffooooorrrrreeeeesssssttttt sssssoooooiiiiilllllsssss aaannnddd 444000sss wwwhhhooo iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy vvviiieeewww llliiivvviiinnnggg aaalllooonnneee aaasss aaa llliiifffeeessstttyyyllleee
ccchhhoooiiiccceee... LLLiiivvviiinnnggg aaalllooonnneee wwwaaasss cccooonnnccceeeiiivvveeeddd tttooo bbbeee nnneeegggaaatttiiivvveee-dark and
111444...WWWhhhaaattt dddoooeeesss GGGlllaaassseeerrr sssaaayyy aaabbbooouuuttt ttthhheee rrreeegggrrrooowwwttthhhooofff rrraaaiiinnnfffooorrreeessstttsss??? ccoolldd,, wwhhiillee bbeeiinngg ttooggeetthheerr ssuuggggeesstteedd wwaarrmmtthh aanndd lliigghhtt. But
AAAAA)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeee ccccceeeeennnnntttttuuuuurrrrriiiiieeeeesssss tttttooooo rrrrreeeeegggggrrrrrooooowwwww aaaaafffffttttteeeeerrrrr bbbbbeeeeeiiiiinnnnnggggg bbbbbuuuuurrrrrnnnnnttttt..... then came along the idea of singles. They were young,
BBBBBBB)))))))TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooottttttt rrrrrrreeeeeeecccccccooooooovvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrr uuuuuuunnnnnnnllllllleeeeeeessssssssssssss ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee vvvvvvveeeeeeegggggggeeeeeeetttttttaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn iiiiiiisssssss bbbbbbbuuuuuuurrrrrrrnnnnnnnttttttt cccccccooooooommmmmmmpppppppllllllleeeeeeettttttteeeeeeelllllllyyyyyyy....... beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.
CCC)))TTThhheeeiiirrr rrreeegggrrrooowwwttthhh wwwiiillllll bbbeee hhhaaammmpppeeerrreeeddd bbbyyy hhhuuummmaaannn hhhaaabbbiiitttaaatttiiiooonnn... The booming economy means people are working harder than ever.
DDD)))TTThhheeeyyy cccaaannn rrreeecccooovvveeerrr eeeaaasssiiilllyyy aaafffttteeerrr ssslllaaassshhh--aanndd--bbbuuurrrnnn fffaaarrrmmmiiinnnggg... And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi
Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in
15.From the passage it can be inferred that . Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too
AAA)))hhhuuummmaaannn aaaccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss wwwiiillllll dddooo gggrrraaavvveee dddaaammmaaagggeee tttooo rrraaaiiinnnfffooorrreeessstttsss much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with
B)Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the world someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would
C) farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a
rainforests recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince
D) there once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that
rainforests people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t
last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a
Passage Two deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going
dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to
As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family.Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a her university to discipline her.
self-determined life.” But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are an
16. More and more young Europeans remain single attempt to silence her. “They’re trying to cause trouble with
because . my university and get me fired,” Ingham told New Scientist.
A)they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism The controversy began on 1 February, when Ingham testified
B)they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age before New Zealand’s Royal Commission on Genetic
C)they have embraced a business culture of stability Modification, which will determine how to regulate GM
D)they are pessimistic about their economic future organisms. Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common
soil bacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into
17.What is said about European society in the passage? the wild. Other researchers had previously modified the
A)It has fostered the trend towards small families. bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste. But Ingham
B)It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. sssaaayyysss ttthhhaaattt wwwhhheeennn ssshhheee pppuuuttt iiittt iiinnn sssoooiiilll wwwiiittthhh wwwhhheeeaaattt ppplllaaannntttsss,,, aaallllll ooofff ttthhheee
C)It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. ppplllaaannntttsss dddiiieeeddd wwwiiittthhhiiinnn aaa wwweeeeeekkk...
D)It is being threatened by irresistible privatization. “““WWWeee wwwooouuulllddd lllooossseee ttteeerrrrrreeessstttrrriiiaaalll((( )) ppllaannttss......tthhiiss iiss aann oorrggaanniissmm tthhaatt
iiiiisssss pppppooooottttteeeeennnnntttttiiiiiaaaaallllllllllyyyyy dddddeeeeeaaaaadddddlllllyyyyy tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooonnnnntttttiiiiinnnnnuuuuueeeeeddddd sssssuuuuurrrrrvvvvviiiiivvvvvaaaaalllll ooooofffff hhhhhuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn
18. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles bbbbbeeeeeiiiiinnnnngggggsssss,,,,,””””” ssssshhhhheeeee tttttooooolllllddddd ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooommmmmmmmmmiiiiissssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnn..... SSSSShhhhheeeee added that the U.S.
are . EEEEEEEnnnnnnnvvvvvvviiiiiiirrrrrrrooooooonnnnnnnmmmmmmmeeeeeeennnnnnntttttttaaaaaaalllllll PPPPPPPrrrrrrrooooooottttttteeeeeeeccccccctttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn AAAAAAAgggggggeeeeeeennnnnnncccccccyyyyyyy(((((((EEEEEEEPPPPPPPAAAAAAA))))))) cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnnccccccceeeeeeellllllleeeeeeeddddddd iiiiiiitttttttsssssss aaaaaaapppppppppppppprrrrrrrooooooovvvvvvvaaaaaaalllllll
A)warm and lighthearted B)on either side of marriage fffffooooorrrrr fffffiiiiieeeeelllllddddd ttttteeeeessssstttttsssss uuuuusssssiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee ooooorrrrrgggggaaaaannnnniiiiisssssmmmmm ooooonnnnnccccceeeee ssssshhhhheeeee hhhhhaaaaaddddd tttttooooolllllddddd ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt
C)negative and gloomy D)healthy and wealthy hhheeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnn 111999999999...
BBBBBuuuuuttttt lllllaaaaasssssttttt wwwwweeeeeeeeeekkkkk ttttthhhhheeeee NNNNNeeeeewwwww ZZZZZeeeeeaaaaalllllaaaaannnnnddddd LLLLLiiiiifffffeeeee SSSSSccccciiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeeesssss NNNNNeeeeetttttwwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkk aaaaaccccccccccuuuuussssseeeeeddddd
19.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that . IIIIInnnnnggggghhhhhaaaaammmmm ooooofffff “““““ppppprrrrreeeeessssseeeeennnnntttttiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiinnnnnaaaaaccccccccccuuuuurrrrraaaaattttte, careless and exaggerated
AAA)))sssooommmeee mmmooodddeeerrrnnn wwwooommmeeennn ppprrreeefffeeerrr aaa llliiifffeee ooofff iiinnndddiiivvviiiddduuuaaalll fffrrreeeeeedddooommm iiiiinnnnnfffffooooorrrrrmmmmmaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn””””” aaaaannnnnddddd “““““gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg ssssspppppeeeeecccccuuuuulllllaaaaatttttiiiiivvvvveeeee dddddoooooooooommmmmsssssdddddaaaaayyyyy
BBB))) ttthhheee fffaaammmiiilllyyy iiisss nnnooo lllooonnngggeeerrr ttthhheee bbbaaasssiiiccc uuunnniiittt ooofff sssoooccciiieeetttyyy iiinnn ppprrreeessseeennnttt-day scenarios( ) that are not scientifically
Europe sssuuuppppppooorrrtttaaabbbllleee”””... TTThhheeeyyy sssaaayyy ttthhhaaattt hhheeerrr ssstttuuudddyyy dddoooeeesssnnn’’’ttt eeevvveeennn ssshhhooowww ttthhhaaattt
CCCCC))))) sssssooooommmmmeeeee ppppprrrrrooooofffffeeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee tttttoooooooooo mmmmmuuuuuccccchhhhh wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkk tttttooooo dddddooooo tttttooooo fffffeeeeeeeeeelllll ttthhheee bbbaaacccttteeerrriiiaaa wwwooouuulllddd sssuuurrrvvviiivvveee iiinnn ttthhheee wwwiiilllddd,,, mmmuuuccchhh llleeessssss kkkiiillllll mmmaaassssssiiivvveee
lonely nnnuuummmbbbeeerrrsss ooofff ppplllaaannntttsss... WWWhhhaaattt’’’sss mmmooorrreee,,, ttthhheee nnneeetttwwwooorrrkkk sssaaayyysss ttthhhaaattt
DDDDD)))))mmmmmooooosssssttttt EEEEEuuuuurrrrrooooopppppeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss cccccooooonnnnnccccceeeeeiiiiivvvvveeeee llllliiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaa sssssiiiiinnnnngggggllllleeeee llllliiiiifffffeeeee aaaaasssss uuuuunnnnnaaaaacccccccccceeeeeppppptttttaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee cccooonnntttrrraaarrryyy tttooo IIInnnggghhhaaammm’’’sss ccclllaaaiiimmmsss,,, ttthhheee EEEPPPAAA wwwaaasss never asked to
ccoonnssiiddeerr tthhee oorrggaanniissmm ffoorr ffiieelldd ttrriiaallss..
2222200000.....WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiisssss ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr’’’’’sssss pppppuuuuurrrrrpppppooooossssseeeee iiiiinnnnn wwwwwrrrrriiiiitttttiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee????? TTThhheee EEEPPPAAA hhhaaasss nnnooottt cccooommmmmmeeennnttteeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee dddiiissspppuuuttteee... BBBuuuttt aaannn eee-mail to the
AAAAA)))))TTTTTooooo rrrrreeeeevvvvviiiiieeeeewwwww ttttthhhhheeeee iiiiimmmmmpppppaaaaacccccttttt ooooofffff wwwwwooooommmmmeeeeennnnn bbbbbeeeeecccccooooommmmmiiiiinnnnnggggg hhhhhiiiiiggggghhhhh eeeeeaaaaarrrrrnnnnneeeeerrrrrsssss..... network from Janet Anderson, director of the EPA’s
B)To contemplate the philosophyuuuuunnnnndddddeeeeerrrrrlllllyyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaallllliiiiisssssmmmmm..... bio-pesticides( ) division, says “there is no record
CCCC))))TTTToooo eeeexxxxaaaammmmiiiinnnneeee tttthhhheeee ttttrrrreeeennnndddd ooooffff yyyyoooouuuunnnngggg ppppeeeeoooopppplllleeee lllliiiivvvviiiinnnngggg aaaalllloooonnnneeee.... of a review and/or clearance to field test” the organism.
DDDDD)))))TTTTTooooo ssssstttttrrrrreeeeessssssssss ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeebbbbbuuuuuiiiiillllldddddiiiiinnnnnggggg ooooofffff pppppeeeeerrrrrsssssooooonnnnnaaaaalllll rrrrreeeeelllllaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnssssshhhhhiiiiipppppsssss..... Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was
approved for field tests, but says she has few details. It’s also
Passage Three not clear whether the organism, first engineered by a German
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. institute for biotechnology, is still inuse.
Whether Ingham is right or wrong, her supporters say opponents
Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American are trying unfairly to silence her.
scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand “I think her concerns should be taken seriously. She shouldn’t be
government that a genetically modified(GM) bacterium could harassed in this way,” says Ann Clarke, a plant biologist at
cause serious damage if released. the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of the commission. “It’s n attempt to silence the opposition.”
pro-GM scientists and organisations, says the view expressed 21. The passage centers on the controversy .
by Elaine Ingham, a soil biologist at Oregon State University A) between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic
in Corvallis, was exaggerated and irresponsible. It has asked modificationB) as to whether the study of genetic modification should be Krentz is not alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans
continued suffer from seasonal depression and 25 million more develop
C)over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants milder versions. But there’s never been definitive proof that
D)about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university treatment with very bright lights makes a difference. After all,
it’s hard to do a double-blind test when the subjects can see
22.Ingham insists that her testimony is based on . for themselves whether or not the light is on. That’s why
A)evidence provided by the EPA of the United States nobody has ever separated the real effects of light therapy
B)the results of an experiment she conducted herself from placebo( ) effects.
C) evidence from her collaborative research with German Until now. In three separate studies published last month,
biologists researchers report not only that light therapy works better than
D)the results of extensive field tests in Corvallis, Oregon a placebo but that treatment is usually more effective in the
eeeaaarrrlllyyy mmmooorrrnnniiinnnggg ttthhhaaannn iiinnn ttthhheee eeevvveeennniiinnnggg... IIInnn tttwwwooo ooofff ttthhheee gggrrrooouuupppsss,,, ttthhheee
23.According to Janet Anderson, the EPA . ppplllaaaccceeebbbooo ppprrrooobbbllleeemmm wwwaaasss rrreeesssooolllvvveeeddd bbbyyy ttteeelllllliiinnnggg pppaaatttiiieeennntttsss ttthhheeeyyy wwweeerrreee
A)has cancelled its approval for field tests of the GM organism ccccoooommmmppppaaaarrrriiiinnnngggg lllliiiigggghhhhtttt bbbbooooxxxxeeeessss ttttoooo aaaa nnnneeeewwww aaaannnnttttiiii-depressant device that
B)hasn’t reviewed the findings of Ingham’s research eeeeemmmmmiiiiitttttsssss nnnnneeeeegggggaaaaatttttiiiiivvvvveeeeelllllyyyyy ccccchhhhhaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeeeddddd iiiiiooooonnnnnsssss((((( ). The third used the
C)has approved field tests using the GM organism tttttiiiiimmmmmiiiiinnnnnggggg ooooofffff llllliiiiiggggghhhhhttttt ttttthhhhheeeeerrrrraaaaapppppyyyyy aaaaasssss ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrrooooolllll.....
D)hasn’t given permission to field test the GM organism WWWWWWWhhhhhhhyyyyyyy dddddddoooooooeeeeeeesssssss llllllliiiiiiiggggggghhhhhhhttttttt ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrraaaaaaapppppppyyyyyyy wwwwwwwooooooorrrrrrrkkkkkkk??????? NNNNNNNooooooo ooooooonnnnnnneeeeeee rrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaallllllllllllllyyyyyyy kkkkkkknnnnnnnooooooowwwwwwwsssssss....... “““““““OOOOOOOuuuuuuurrrrrrr rrrrrrreeeeeeessssssseeeeeeeaaaaaaarrrrrrrccccccchhhhhhh
sssssuuuuuggggggggggeeeeessssstttttsssss iiiiittttt hhhhhaaaaasssss sssssooooommmmmeeeeettttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo dddddooooo wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh ssssshhhhhiiiiiffffftttttiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbooooodddddyyyyy’’’’’sssss
24. According to Ann Clarrrkkkeee,,, ttthhheee NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd LLLiiifffeee SSSccciiieeennnccceeesss iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnnaaaaalllll cccccllllloooooccccckkkkk,,,,,””””” sssssaaaaayyyyysssss pppppsssssyyyyyccccchhhhhiiiiiaaaaatttttrrrrriiiiisssssttttt DDDDDrrrrr..... LLLLLeeeeewwwwweeeeeyyyyy..... TTTTThhhhheeeee bbbbbooooodddddyyyyy iiiiisssss
Network . ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeeddd tttooossstttaaarrrttt ttthhheee dddaaayyy wwwiiittthhh sssuuunnnrrriiissseee,,, hhheee eeexxxppplllaaaiiinnnsss,,, aaannnddd ttthhhiiisss
A)should gather evidence to discredit Ingham’s claims gggggeeeeetttttsssss lllllaaaaattttteeeeerrrrr aaaaasssss ttttthhhhheeeee dddddaaaaayyyyysssss gggggeeeeettttt ssssshhhhhooooorrrrrttttteeeeerrrrr..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt wwwwwhhhhhyyyyy sssssuuuuuccccchhhhh sssssuuuuubbbbbtttttllllleeeee ssssshhhhhiiiiiffffftttttsssss
BBB)))ssshhhooouuulllddd rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh bbbyyy ttthhheeeiiirrr bbbiiiooolllooogggiiissstttsss bbbeee rrreeeggguuulllaaattteeeddd mmmmmaaaaakkkkkeeeee sssssooooommmmmeeeee pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee dddddeeeeeppppprrrrreeeeesssssssssseeeeeddddd aaaaannnnnddddd nnnnnooooottttt ooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss iiiiisssss aaaaa mmmmmyyyyysssssttttteeeeerrrrryyyyy.....
CCC))) ssshhhooouuullldddnnn’’’ttt dddeeemmmaaannnddd ttthhhaaattt IIInnnggghhhaaammm bbbeee dddiiisssccciiipppllliiinnneeeddd fffooorrr vvvoooiiiccciiinnnggg hhheeerrr TTTTThhhhhaaaaattttt hhhhhaaaaasssssnnnnn’’’’’ttttt ssssstttttoooooppppppppppeeeeeddddd ttttthhhhhooooouuuuusssssaaaaannnnndddddsssss ooooofffff wwwwwiiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrr dddddeeeeeppppprrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiivvvvveeeeesssss fffffrrrrrooooommmmm tttttrrrrryyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo
views hhheeeaaalll ttthhheeemmmssseeelllvvveeesss... LLLiiight boxes for that purpose are available
DDD)))ssshhhooouuullldddnnn’’’ttt aaappppppeeeaaassseee ttthhheee oooppppppooosssiiitttiiiooonnn iiinnn sssuuuccchhh aaa qqquuuiiieeettt wwwaaayyy wwwiiittthhhooouuuttt aaa dddoooccctttooorrr’’’sss ppprrreeessscccrrriiippptttiiiooonnn... TTThhhaaattt bbbooottthhheeerrrsss pppsssyyyccchhhooolllooogggiiisssttt
MMMiiiccchhhaaaeeelll TTTeeerrrmmmaaannn ooofff CCCooollluuummmbbbiiiaaa UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy... HHHeee iiisss wwwooorrrrrriiieeeddd ttthhhaaattt
2222255555.....WWWWWhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeeemmmmmeeeeennnnntttttsssss aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt IIIIInnnnnggggghhhhhaaaaammmmm iiiiisssss TTTTTRRRRRUUUUUEEEEE????? ttthhheee bbboooxxxeeesss mmmaaayyy bbbeee tttrrriiieeeddd bbbyyy pppaaatttiiieeennntttsss wwwhhhooo sssuuuffffffeeerrr fffrrrooommm mmmeeennntttaaalll
AAAAA)))))HHHHHeeeeerrrrr ttttteeeeessssstttttiiiiimmmmmooooonnnnnyyyyy hhhhhaaaaasssssnnnnn’’’’’ttttt bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn sssssuuuuuppppppppppooooorrrrrttttteeeeeddddd bbbbbyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee EEEEEPPPPPAAAAA..... iillllnneessss tthhaatt ccaann’’tt bbee ttrreeaatteedd wwiitthh lliigghhtt. Terman has developed a
BBBBB)))))HHHHHeeeeerrrrr cccccrrrrreeeeedddddiiiiibbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy aaaaasssss aaaaa sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnntttttiiiiisssssttttt hhhhhaaaaasssssnnnnn’’’’’ttttt bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn uuuuunnnnndddddeeeeerrrrrmmmmmiiiiinnnnneeeeeddddd..... questionnaire to help determine whether expert care is needed.
CCC)))SSShhheee iiisss fffiiirrrmmmlllyyy sssuuuppppppooorrrttteeeddd bbbyyy hhheeerrr uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy... In any event, you should choose a reputable manufacturer.
DDDDD)))))SSSSShhhhheeeee hhhhhaaaaasssss mmmmmaaaaadddddeeeee gggggrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttt cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttuuuuudddddyyyyy ooooofffff GGGGGMMMMM bbbbbaaaaacccccttttteeeeerrrrriiiiiaaaaa..... Whatever product you use should emit only visible light,
because ultraviolet light damages the eyes. If you are
Passage Four photosensitive( ), you may develop a rash.
QQQuuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss 222666 tttooo 333000 aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee... Otherwise, the main drawback is having to sit in front of the
light for 30 to 60 minutes in the morning. That’s an
Every fall, like clockwork, Linda Krentz of Beaverton, Oregon, felt inconvenience many winter depressives can live with.
her brain go on strike. “I just couldn’t get going in the 26.What is the probable cause of Krentz’s problem?
morning,” she says. “I’d get depressed and gain 10 pounds A)An unexpected gain in body weight.
every winter and lose them again in the spring.” Then she read B)Unexplained impairment of her nervous system.
about seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression that C)Weakening of her eyesight with the setting in of winter.
occurs in fall and winter, and she saw the light-literally. Every D)Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal changes.
morning now she turns on a specially constructed light box for
half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain into 27. By saying that Linda Krentz “saw the light”(Line 4, Para. 1),
thinking it’s still enjoying those long summer days. It seems to the author means that she “ ”.
work. A)learned how to lose weightB)realized what her problem was factors” as all playing their parts.
C)came to see the importance of light Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and
D)became light-hearted and cheerful video games may well contribute
to violent behavior in certain individuals.
28. What is the CURRENT view concerning the treatment of The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties
seasonal depression with bright lights? in their studies or overstate the
A)Its effect remains to be seen. case for causality ( ). Skeptics were dismayed several
B)It serves as a kind of placebo. years ago when a group of
C)It proves to be an effective therapy. societies including the
D)It hardly produces any effects. American Medical Association tried to end the debate by
issuing a joint statement: “At this
29.What is psychologist Michael Terman’s major concern? tttiiimmmeee,,, wwweeellllll ooovvveeerrr 111,,,000000000 ssstttuuudddiiieeesss……… pppoooiiinnnttt ooovvveeerrrwwwhhheeelllmmmiiinnnggglllyyy tttooo aaa cccaaauuusssaaalll
A)Winter depressives will be addicted to using light boxes. connection bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn mmmeeedddiiiaaa
B)No mental patients would bother to consult psychiatrists. vvvviiiioooolllleeeennnncccceeee aaaannnndddd aaaaggggggggrrrreeeessssssssiiiivvvveeee bbbbeeeehhhhaaaavvvviiiioooorrrr iiiinnnn ssssoooommmmeeee cccchhhhiiiillllddddrrrreeeennnn....””””
C)Inferior light boxes will emit harmful ultraviolet lights. FFFrrreeeeeedddooommm---ooofff---ssspppeeeeeeccchhh aaadddvvvooocccaaattteeesss aaaccccccuuussseeeddd ttthhheee sssoooccciiieeetttiiieeesss ooofff cccaaattteeerrriiinnnggg
D)Light therapy could be misused by certain mental patients. tttooo pppooollliiitttiiiccciiiaaannnsss,,, aaannnddd eeevvveeennn
dddddddiiiiiiissssssspppppppuuuuuuuttttttteeeeeeeddddddd ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee nnnnnnnuuuuuuummmmmmmbbbbbbbeeeeeeerrrrrrr ooooooofffffff ssssssstttttttuuuuuuudddddddiiiiiiieeeeeeesssssss (((((((mmmmmmmooooooosssssssttttttt wwwwwwweeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeee rrrrrrreeeeeeevvvvvvviiiiiiieeeeeeewwwwwww aaaaaaarrrrrrrtttttttiiiiiiicccccccllllllleeeeeeesssssss aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd
30.Which of the followingstatements is TRUE? eeeeessssssssssaaaaayyyyysssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy sssssaaaaaiiiiiddddd)))))..... WWWWWhhhhheeeeennnnn JJJJJooooonnnnnaaaaattttthhhhhaaaaannnnn
AAA))) WWWiiinnnttteeerrr dddeeeppprrreeessssssiiivvveeesss ppprrreeefffeeerrr llliiiggghhhttt ttthhheeerrraaapppyyy iiinnn ssspppiiittteee ooofff iiitttsss Frrrrreeeeeeeeeedddddmmmmmaaaaannnnn,,,,, aaaaa sssssoooooccccciiiiiaaaaalllll pppppsssssyyyyyccccchhhhhooooolllllooooogggggiiiiisssssttttt aaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUUnnnnniiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff TTTTTooooorrrrrooooonnnnntttttooooo,,,,,
inconvenience. rrrreeeevvvviiiieeeewwwweeeedddd tttthhhheeee lllliiiitttteeeerrrraaaattttuuuurrrreeee,,,, hhhheeee ffffoooouuuunnnndddd
BB))LLiigghhtt tthheerraappyy iinnccrreeaasseess tthhee ppaattiieenntt’’ss pphhoottoosseennssiittiivviittyy.. ooooonnnnnlllllyyyyy 222220000000000 ooooorrrrr sssssooooo ssssstttttuuuuudddddiiiiieeeeesssss ooooofffff ttttteeeeellllleeeeevvvvviiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnn-watching and aggression. And
C)Eye damage is a side effect of light therapy. wwwwwhhhhheeeeennnnn hhhhheeeee wwwwweeeeeeeeeedddddeeeeeddddd ooooouuuuuttttt “““““ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmooooosssssttttt
DDD))) LLLiiiggghhhttt bbboooxxxeeesss cccaaannn bbbeee ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeeddd tttooo cccooorrrrrreeessspppooonnnddd tttooo ssshhhiiifts in the dddddooooouuuuubbbbbtttttfffffuuuuulllll mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeeesssss ooooofffff aaaaaggggggggggrrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnn”””””,,,,, ooooonnnnnlllllyyyyy 2222288888%%%%% sssssuuuuuppppppppppooooorrrrrttttteeeeeddddd aaaaa
body clock. ccoonnnneeccttiioonn..
TTThhheee cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll pppoooiiinnnttt hhheeerrreee iiisss cccaaauuusssaaallliiitttyyy... TTThhheee aaalllaaarrrmmmiiissstttsss sssaaayyy ttthhheeeyyy hhhaaavvveee
11-15.BCADD 16---222000...AAABBBDDDAAACCC 222111---222555...CCCBBBBBBCCCAAA ppprrrooovvveeeddd ttthhhaaattt vvviiiooollleeennnttt mmmeeedddiiiaaa
26-30.DBCDA cccaaauuussseee aaaggggggrrreeessssssiiiooonnn... BBBuuuttt ttthhheee aaassssssuuummmppptttiiiooonnnsss bbbeeehhhiiinnnddd ttthhheeeiiirrr ooobbbssseeerrrvvvaaatttiiiooonnnsss
nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee eeexxxaaammmiiinnneeeddd... WWWhhheeennn
lllaaabbbeeellliiinnnggg gggaaammmeeesss aaasss vvviiiooollleeennnttt ooorrr nnnooonnn-violent, should a hero eating a
ghost really be counted as a
violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes
game players to read ‘aggressive’
Passage One or ‘non-aggressive’ words from a list, can we be sure what they are
QQQuuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss 222111 tttooo 222555 aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee... actually measuring? The intent
of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect
There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that and standardize studies of media
spreads throughout the media. violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and
Movies. Television and video games are full of gunplay and conclusions is an important
bloodshed, and one might reasonably step in the right direction.
ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic Another appropriate ster would be to tone down the criticism
violence as entertainment. Most until we know more. Several
researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed
complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. by violence in the media. That is,
National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out
peer, school, and community with statements that the matterhas now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In
response, the alarmists accuse critics You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name
and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. prescription drugs. Over the past
Such clashes help neither decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate.
science nor society. Treatments for chronic conditions can
21.Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video easily top 2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans
games? can’s afford to fill their
A)There is a lot of violence in the real world today. prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North
B)Something has gone wrong with today’s society. of the border, where price
C)Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed. controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.
D)Showing violence is thought to be entertaining. The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call,
22.What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para.3) view of media violence? “IIIfff ooouuurrr nnneeeiiiggghhhbbbooorrrsss cccaaannn bbbuuuyyy
A) Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of dddrrruuugggsss aaattt rrreeeaaasssooonnnaaabbbllleee ppprrriiiccceeesss,,, wwwhhhyyy cccaaannn’’’ttt wwweee???””” EEEvvveeennn tttooo wwwhhhiiissspppeeerrr ttthhhaaattt
real-world life. ttthhhooouuuggghhhttt ppprrrooovvvoookkkeeesss aaannngggeeerrr...
B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the “Un-AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannn!!!””” AAAnnnddd-ttthhheee ppprrrooopppaaagggaaannndddiiissstttsss’’’ tttrrruuummmppp cccaaarrrddd (((
viewers. )))———“““““WWWWWrrrrreeeeeccccckkkkk ooooouuuuurrrrr bbbbbrrrrriiiiilllllllllliiiiiaaaaannnnnttttt hhhhheeeeeaaaaalllllttttthhhhh---ccaarree
C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world sssyyysssttteeemmm...””” SSSuuupppeeerrr-sssssiiiiizzzzzeeeee dddddrrrrruuuuuggggg ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeeesssss,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy ccccclllllaaaaaiiiiimmmmm,,,,, fffffuuuuunnnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeeeresearch that
violence. ssssspppppaaaaarrrrrkkkkksssss ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeexxxxxttttt gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff
DDD))) TTThhheee iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ooofff mmmeeedddiiiaaa vvviiiooollleeennnccceee ooonnn ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn wwwooonnndddeeerrr dddrrruuugggsss... NNNooo ssskkkyyy-hhhiiiggghhh dddrrruuuggg ppprrriiiccceee tttooodddaaayyy,,, nnnooo cccuuurrreee fffooorrr cccaaannnccceeerrr
underestimated. ttttoooommmmoooorrrrrrrroooowwww.... SSSSoooo sssshhhhuuuutttt uuuupppp aaaannnndddd ppppaaaayyyy uuuupppp....
222333...TTThhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr uuussseeesss ttthhheee ttteeerrrmmm “““aaalllaaarrrmmmiiissstttsss””” (((LLLiiinnneee 111... PPPaaarrraaa...555))) tttooo rrreeefffeeerrr tttooo CCCCCooooommmmmmmmmmooooonnnnn ssssseeeeennnnnssssseeeee ttttteeeeellllllllllsssss yyyyyooooouuuuu ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt’’’’’sssss aaaaa fffffaaaaalllllssssseeeee aaaaalllllttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiivvvvveeeee..... TTTTThhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeewwwwwaaaaarrrrrddddd fffffooooorrrrr
those who ______. fffffiiiiinnnnndddddiiiiinnnnnggggg..... SSSSSaaaaayyyyy,,,,, aaaaa cccccaaaaannnnnccccceeeeerrrrr cccccuuuuurrrrreeeee iiiiisssss sssssooooo
AAA)))uuussseee ssstttaaannndddaaarrrdddiiizzzeeeddd mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeemmmeeennntttsss iiinnn ttthhheee ssstttuuudddiiieeesss ooofff mmmeeedddiiiaaa vvviiiooollleeennnccceee hhhhhuuuuugggggeeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt nnnnnooooo ooooonnnnneeeee’’’’’sssss gggggoooooiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo hhhhhaaaaannnnnggggg iiiiittttt uuuuuppppp..... NNNNNeeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrrttttthhhhheeeeellllleeeeessssssssss,,,,, iiiiifffff
BBBB)))) iiiinnnniiiittttiiiiaaaatttteeeedddd tttthhhheeee ddddeeeebbbbaaaatttteeee oooovvvveeeerrrr tttthhhheeee iiiinnnnfffflllluuuueeeennnncccceeee ooooffff vvvviiiioooolllleeeennnntttt mmmmeeeeddddiiiiaaaa oooonnnn CCaannaaddaa--llleeevvveeelll ppprrriiiccciiinnnggg cccaaammmeee tttooo ttthhheee UUUnnniiittteeeddd
reality SSStttaaattteeesss,,, ttthhheee iiinnnddduuussstttrrryyy’’’sss ppprrrooofffiiittt mmmaaarrrgggiiinnnsss wwwooouuulllddd dddrrroooppp aaannnddd ttthhheee pppaaaccceee ooofff
CCCCC))))) aaaaasssssssssseeeeerrrrrttttt aaaaa dddddiiiiirrrrreeeeecccccttttt llllliiiiinnnnnkkkkk bbbbbeeeeetttttwwwwweeeeeeeeeennnnn vvvvviiiiiooooollllleeeeennnnnttttt mmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiiaaaaa aaaaannnnnddddd aaaaaggggggggggrrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiivvvvveeeee new-dddrrruuuggg dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt wwwooouuulllddd
behavior ssslllooowww... HHHeeerrreee llliiieeesss ttthhheee AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannn dddiiillleeemmmmmmaaa... WWWhhhooo iiisss aaallllll ttthhhiiisss ssspppllleeennndddiiiddd
DDDDD)))))uuuuussssseeeee aaaaapppppppppprrrrroooooppppprrrrriiiiiaaaaattttteeeee mmmmmeeeeettttthhhhhooooodddddooooolllllooooogggggyyyyy iiiiinnnnn eeeeexxxxxaaaaammmmmiiiiinnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaaggggggggggrrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiivvvvveeeee bbbbbeeeeehhhhhaaaaavvvvviiiiiooooorrrrr mmmeeedddiiiccciiinnneee fffooorrr??? SSShhhooouuulllddd ooouuurrr
222222444444...... IIIIIInnnnnn rrrrrreeeeeeffffffuuuuuuttttttiiiiiinnnnnngggggg tttttthhhhhheeeeee aaaaaallllllaaaaaarrrrrrmmmmmmiiiiiissssssttttttssssss,,,,,, tttttthhhhhheeeeee aaaaaauuuuuutttttthhhhhhoooooorrrrrr aaaaaaddddddvvvvvvaaaaaannnnnncccccceeeeeessssss hhhhhhiiiiiissssss aaaaaarrrrrrgggggguuuuuummmmmmeeeeeennnnnntttttt bbbbbbyyyyyy hhheeeaaalllttthhh-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best,
fffiiirrrsssttt ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggiiinnnggg____________... even though rising numbers of
AAA)))ttthhheee sssooouuurrrccceee aaannnddd aaammmooouuunnnttt ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr dddaaatttaaa patients can’t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward
BBB)))ttthhheee tttaaarrrgggeeetttsss ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr ooobbbssseeerrrvvvaaatttiiiooonnn letting everyone in on today’s level
C)their system of measurement of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the
D)their definition of violence better course.
222555... WWWhhhaaattt dddoooeeesss ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr ttthhhiiinnnkkk ooofff ttthhheee dddeeebbbaaattteee cccooonnnccceeerrrnnniiinnnggg the To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned
relationship between the media and Canadian wholesalers and
violence? pharmacies( ) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting
A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are back supplies to those who
drawn. dare.
B)It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled. Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card.
C)The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading. Officials from the Food and Drug
D)He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists. Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake,
mishandled, or even a potential
Passage Two threat to life.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more welook, the more we’ll find, But I
haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of Passage Three
thousands of people buying Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
cross-border.
Most users of prescription drugs don’s worry about costs a lot. Age has its privileges in America. And one of the more
They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 prominent of them is the senior
co-pay. citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age-in some
The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially cases as low as 55-is
the chronically ill who need automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at
expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income nearly every level of commercial
seniors on Medicare, who’ll life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on
have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the one’s birth certificate.
new drug benefit that starts in PPPrrraaaccctttiiicccaaallllllyyy uuunnnhhheeeaaarrrddd ooofff aaa gggeeennneeerrraaatttiiiooonnn aaagggooo,,, ttthhheee dddiiissscccooouuunnntttsss hhhaaavvveee bbbeeecccooommmeee
2006. aaa rrrooouuutttiiinnneee pppaaarrrttt ooofff mmmaaannnyyy
26.What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices bbuussiinneesssseess--aaaaasssss cccccooooommmmmmmmmmooooonnnnn aaaaasssss cccccooooolllllooooorrrrr ttttteeeeellllleeeeevvvvviiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss iiiiinnnnn mmmmmooooottttteeeeelllllrooms and free
in the U.S.? cccoooffffffeeeeee ooonnn aaaiiirrrllliiinnneeerrrsss...
A) A quarter of Americans can’t afford their prescription drugs. PPPPPPPeeeeeeeooooooopppppppllllllleeeeeee wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh gggggggrrrrrrraaaaaaayyyyyyy hhhhhhhaaaaaaaiiiiiiirrrrrrr ooooooofffffffttttttteeeeeeennnnnnn aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee gggggggiiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeennnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee dddddddiiiiiiissssssscccccccooooooouuuuuuunnnnnnntttttttsssssss wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuuttttttt
B)Many Americans can’t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill. eeeeevvvvveeeeennnnn aaaaassssskkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg fffffooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm yyyeeettt
C)Many Americans have to go to Canada to get mediiicccaaalll tttrrreeeaaatttmmmeeennnttt... mmmmmiiiiilllllllllliiiiiooooonnnnnsssss ooooofffff AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaannnnnsssss aaaaabbbbbooooovvvvveeeee aaaaagggggeeeee 6666600000 aaaaarrrrreeeee hhhhheeeeeaaaaalllllttttthhhhhyyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd sssssooooolllllvvvvveeeeennnnnttttt (((((
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and curb its soaring drug uuunnndddeeerrr 333000 fffrrreeeeeelllyyy oooffffffeeerrr ttthhheeemmm tttooo ooollldddeeerrr
prices by _____. AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaannnnnsssss..... TTTTThhhhheeeee ppppprrrrraaaaaccccctttttiiiiiccccceeeee iiiiisssss aaaaacccccccccceeeeeppppptttttaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee bbbbbeeeeecccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee wwwwwiiiiidddddeeeeesssssppppprrrrreeeeeaaaaaddddd
AAA)))eeennncccooouuurrraaagggiiinnnggg pppeeeooopppllleee tttooo bbbuuuyyy ppprrreeessscccrrriiippptttiiiooonnn dddrrruuugggsss ooonnnllliiinnneee bbbbeeeelllliiiieeeeffff tttthhhhaaaatttt ““““eeeellllddddeeeerrrrllllyyyy”””” aaaannnndddd ““““nnnneeeeeeeeddddyyyy””””
B)extendinnnggg mmmeeedddiiicccaaalll iiinnnsssuuurrraaannnccceee tttooo aaallllll iiitttsss ccciiitttiiizzzeeennnsss aaarrreee sssyyynnnooonnnyyymmmooouuusss ((( ).
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2222288888.....HHHHHooooowwwww dddddooooo ppppprrrrrooooopppppaaaaagggggaaaaannnnndddddiiiiissssstttttsssss aaaaarrrrrggggguuuuueeeee fffffooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUU.....SSSSS..... dddddrrrrruuuuuggggg ppppprrrrriiiiiccccciiiiinnnnnggggg pppppooooollllliiiiicccccyyyyy????? ttthhhaaannn ttthhheee rrreeesssttt ooofff ttthhheee population. To be sure, there is economic
AAAAA)))))LLLLLooooowwwww ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeeesssss wwwwwiiiiillllllllll aaaaaffffffffffeeeeecccccttttt ttttthhhhheeeee qqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff mmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiiccccciiiiinnnnneeesss iiinnn AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaa... dddiiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy wwwiiittthhhiiinnn ttthhheee eeellldddeeerrrlllyyy,,, aaannnddd mmmaaannnyyy
BBBBB)))))HHHHHiiiiiggggghhhhh ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeeesssss aaaaarrrrreeeee eeeeesssssssssseeeeennnnntttttiiiiiaaaaalllll tttttooooo fffffuuuuunnnnndddddiiiiinnnnnggggg rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhh ooooonnnnn nnnnneeeeewwwww dddddrrrrruuuuugggggsssss..... older Americans are poor, But most of them aren’t. It is impossible
CCCCC)))))LLLLLooooowwwww ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeeesssss wwwwwiiiiillllllllll bbbbbrrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaannnnngggggeeeeerrrrr ooooofffff dddddrrrrruuuuuggggg mmmmmaaaaannnnnuuuuufffffaaaaaccccctttttuuuuurrrrreeeeerrrrrsssss..... to determine the impact of the
D)High-ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeee dddddrrrrruuuuugggggsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiissssspppppeeeeennnnnsssssaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee iiiiinnnnn cccccuuuuurrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg ccccchhhhhrrrrrooooonnnnniiiiiccccc dddddiiiiissssseeeeeaaaaassssseeeeesssss..... discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a
2222299999..... WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee ppppprrrrriiiiiooooorrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaa’’’’’sssss hhhhheeeeeaaaaalllttthhh--cccaaarrreee sssyyysssttteeemmm stimulus torevenue. But in other
according to the author? cases the discounts are given at the expense.
A)To resolve the dilemma in the health-cccaaarrreee sssyyysssttteeemmm... Directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they
B)To maintain America’s lead in the drug industry. are a direct irritant in what
C)To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits. some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the
D)To quicken the pace of new drug development. generations.
30.What are American drug companies doing to protect their high Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate
profits? over Social Security benefits
A)Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes. which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the
B)Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research. old. Employment is another
C)Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies. sore point, Buoyed ( ) by laws and court decisions, more and
D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of more older Americans are
Canadian drugs. declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on thejob-thereby lessening employment and C)It benefits the old at the expense of the young
promotion opportunities for younger workers. D)It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions
Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen 35. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main
discounts have become a formidable argument?
economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t A)Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.
need them. B)The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.
It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group C) Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior
whose economic needs deserve citizens.
priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance D) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age
the myth that older people discrimination.
can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment and they
threaten the creation of a new Passage Four
myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at QQQuuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss 333666 tttooo 444000 aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg pppaaassssssaaagggeee...
the expense of children and other
age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very IIInnn 111888555444 mmmyyy gggrrreeeaaattt-gggrrraaannndddfffaaattthhheeerrr,,, MMMooorrrrrriiisss MMMaaarrraaabbbllleee,,, wwwaaasss sssooolllddd ooonnn aaannn
thing older Americans are fighting aaaaauuuuuccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn bbbbbllllloooooccccckkkkk iiiiinnnnn GGGGGeeeeeooooorrrrrgggggiiiiiaaaaa fffffooooorrrrr
against-discrimination by age. 555555500000000000000....... FFFFFFFooooooorrrrrrr hhhhhhhiiiiiiisssssss wwwwwwwhhhhhhhiiiiiiittttttteeeeeee ssssssslllllllaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee mmmmmmmaaaaaaasssssssttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrr,,,,,,, ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee sssssssaaaaaaallllllleeeeeee wwwwwwwaaaaaaasssssss jjjjjjjuuuuuuusssssssttttttt “““““““bbbbbbbuuuuuuusssssssiiiiiiinnnnnnneeeeeeessssssssssssss aaaaaaasssssss
31.We learn from the first paragraph that____. uuuuusssssuuuuuaaaaalllll.....””””” BBBBBuuuuuttttt tttttooooo MMMMMooooorrrrrrrrrriiiiisssss MMMMMaaaaarrrrraaaaabbbbbllllleeeee
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commercial practice patterrrrnnnn ooooffff hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnn rrrriiiigggghhhhttttssss vvvviiiioooollllaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss
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decent life ssssseeeeegggggrrrrreeeeegggggaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn fffffooooorrrrr nnnnneeeeeaaaaarrrrrlllllyyyyy aaaaannnnnooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr ccccceeeeennnnntttttuuuuurrrrryyyyy.....
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elderly cccceeeennnnttttuuuurrrryyyy iiiissss tttthhhheeee pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmm ooooffff ““““ssssttttrrrruuuuccccttttuuuurrrraaaallll
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discount aaaccccccuuummmuuulllaaattteeeddd dddiiisssaaadddvvvaaannntttaaagggeee ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee
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discounts? rrraaaccciiisssttt sssttteeerrreeeoootttyyypppeeesss aaannnddd wwwhhhiiittteee
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for society in return. these structural barriers that
BBBBB)))))OOOOOlllllddddd pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee aaaaarrrrreeeee eeeeennnnntttttiiiiitttttllllleeeeeddddd tttttooooo ssssspppppeeeeeccccciiiiiaaaaalllll tttttrrrrreeeeeaaaaatttttmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt fffffooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooonnnnntttttrrrrriiiiibbbbbuuuuutttttiiiiiooooonnnnn deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow
they made to society. citizens?
CCCCC))))) TTTTThhhhheeeee eeeeellllldddddeeeeerrrrrlllllyyyyy,,,,, bbbbbeeeeeiiiiinnnnnggggg fffffiiiiinnnnnaaaaannnnnccccciiiiiaaaaallllllllllyyyyy uuuuunnnnndddddeeeeerrrrrppppprrrrriiiiivvvvviiiiillllleeeeegggggeeeeeddddd nnneeeeeeddd hhhuuummmaaannneee This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to
help from society. achieve a truly multicultural
DDD)))SSSeeennniiiooorrr ccciiitttiiizzzeeennn dddiiissscccooouuunnntttsss cccaaannn mmmaaakkkeee uuuppp fffooorrr ttthhheee iiinnnaaadddeeeqqquuuaaacccyyy ooofff ttthhheee democracy.
Social Security system. The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and
33. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen briefly gave black men voting rights,
discounts will___. but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid
A)make old people even more dependent on society labor. The promise of “40 acres
B)intensify conflicts between the young and the old and a mule ( )”was for most blacks a dream deferred (
C)have adverse financial impact on business companies ).
D)bring a marked increase in the companies revenues The Second Reconstruction (1954-1968), or the modern civil
34.How does the author view the Social Security system? rights movement, ended legal
A)It encourages elderly people to retire in time. segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting
B)It opens up broad career prospects for young people. rights . But these successesparadoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically D)denial of legal rights to ordinary blacks
accumulated disadvantage that 38.What problem remains unsolved in the two Reconstructions?
remain central to black Americans’ lives. A)Differences between races are deliberately obscured.
The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was B)The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor.
first constructed from C)There is no guarantee for blacks to exercise their rights.
centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including D)The interests of blacks are not protected by law.
some leading universities, 39.It is clear that the wealth enjoyed by most whites____.
insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern A)has resulted from business successes over the years
of white privilege and black B)has been accompanied by black capital formation
inequality continues today. C)has derived from sizable investments in education
Demanding reparations ( ) is not just about compensation D)has been accumulated from generations of slavery
for slavery and segregation. It 444000... WWWhhhaaattt dddoooeeesss ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr ttthhhiiinnnkkk ooofff ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt sssiiitttuuuaaatttiiiooonnn rrreeegggaaarrrdddiiinnnggg
is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the rrraaaccciiiaaalll dddiiissscccrrriiimmmiiinnnaaatttiiiooonnn???
contemporary reality of “racial AAAA))))RRRRaaaacccciiiissssmmmm iiiissss nnnnooootttt aaaa mmmmaaaajjjjoooorrrr oooobbbbssssttttaaaacccclllleeee ttttoooo bbbbllllaaaacccckkkkssss’’’’ eeeemmmmppppllllooooyyyymmmmeeeennnntttt....
deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks BBBBB)))))IIIIInnnnneeeeeqqqqquuuuuaaaaallllliiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff mmmmmaaaaannnnnyyyyy kkkkkiiiiinnnnndddddsssss rrrrreeeeemmmmmaaaaaiiiiinnnnnsssss vvvvviiiiirrrrrtttttuuuuuaaaaallllllllllyyyyy uuuuunnnnntttttooooouuuuuccccchhhhheeeeeddddd
regardless of class. Structural CCCCC))))) AAAAA mmmmmaaaaajjjjjooooorrrrr sssssttttteeeeeppppp hhhhhaaaaasssss bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeennnnn tttttooooowwwwwaaaaarrrrrdddddsssss rrrrreeeeepppppaaaaarrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss.....
racism’s barriers include “equity inequity.” the absence of black DDDDDDD)))))))LLLLLLLiiiiiiittttttttttttttllllllleeeeeee hhhhhhhaaaaaaasssssss bbbbbbbeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnn dddddddooooooonnnnnnneeeeeee tttttttooooooo eeeeeeennnnnnnsssssssuuuuuuurrrrrrreeeeeee bbbbbbblllllllaaaaaaaccccccckkkkkkksssssss’’’’’’’ ccccccciiiiiiivvvvvvviiiiiiilllllll rrrrrrriiiiiiiggggggghhhhhhhtttttttsssssss.......
capital formation that is a direct
cccooonnnssseeeqqquuueeennnccceee ooofff AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaa’’’sss hhhiiissstttooorrryyy... OOOnnneee ttthhhiiirrrddd ooofff aaallllll bbblllaaaccckkk
households actually have negative net 2222211111 DDDDD))))) SSSSShhhhhooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg vvvvviiiiiooooollllleeeeennnnnccccceeeee iiiiisssss ttttthhhhhooooouuuuuggggghhhhhttttt tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee eeeeennnnnttttteeeeerrrrrtttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg
wealth. In 1998 the typical bbllaacckk ffaammiillyy’’ss nneett wweeaalltthh wwaass 111666,,,444000000,,, 2222222222 BBBBB))))) MMMMMooooosssssttttt ssssstttttuuuuudddddiiiiieeeeesssss eeeeexxxxxaaaaaggggggggggeeeeerrrrraaaaattttteeeee ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeeffffffffffeeeeecccccttttt ooooofffff mmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiiaaaaa vvvvviiiiiooooollllleeeeennnnnccccceeeee ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee
less than one fifth that of vvviiieeewwweeerrrsss...
white families. 2222233333 CCCCC))))) aaaaasssssssssseeeeerrrrrttttt aaaaa dddddiiiiirrrrreeeeecccccttttt llliiinnneee bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn vvviiiooollleeennnttt mmmeeedddiiiaaa aaannnddd aaaggggggrrreeessssssiiivvveee
BBBBllllaaaacccckkkk ffffaaaammmmiiiilllliiiieeeessss aaaarrrreeee ddddeeeennnniiiieeeedddd hhhhoooommmmeeee llllooooaaaannnnssss aaaatttt ttttwwwwiiiicccceeee tttthhhheeee rrrraaaatttteeee ooooffff bbeehhaavviioorr..
whites. 222444 DDD))) ttthhheeeiiirrr dddeeefffiiinnniiitttiiiooonnn ooofff vvviiiooollleeennnccceee
BBBBBlllllaaaaaccccckkkkksssss rrrrreeeeemmmmmaaaaaiiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee lllllaaaaasssssttttt hhhhhiiiiirrrrreeeeeddddd aaaaannnnnddddd fffffiiiiirrrrrsssssttttt fffffiiiiirrrrreeeeeddddd ddddduuuuurrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg rrrrreeeeeccccceeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss..... 222555 AAA))) MMMooorrreee ssstttuuudddiiieeesss ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee cccooonnnddduuucccttteeeddd bbbeeefffooorrreee cccooonnncccllluuusssiiiooonnnsss aaarrreee
During the 1990-999111 rrreeeccceeessssssiiiooonnn... AAAfffrrriiicccaaannn-AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss sssuuuffffffeeerrreeeddd dddrrraaawwwnnn...
disproporrrtttiiiooonnnaaattteeelllyyy... AAAttt CCCooocccaaa---CCCooolllaaa,,, 222666 AAA))) AAA qqquuuaaarrrttteeerrr ooofff AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss cccaaannn'''ttt aaaffffffooorrrddd ttthhheeeiiirrr ppprrreeessscccrrriiippptttiiiooonnn dddrrruuubbbsss...
444444222222 ppppppeeeeeerrrrrrcccccceeeeeennnnnntttttt ooooooffffff eeeeeemmmmmmppppppllllllooooooyyyyyyeeeeeeeeeeeessssss wwwwwwhhhhhhoooooo lllllloooooosssssstttttt tttttthhhhhheeeeeeiiiiiirrrrrr jjjjjjoooooobbbbbbssssss wwwwwweeeeeerrrrrreeeeee bbbbbbllllllaaaaaacccccckkkkkkssssss...... AAAAAAtttttt SSSSSSeeeeeeaaaaaarrrrrrssssss,,,,,, 222777 DDD))) eeexxxeeerrrccciiisssiiinnnggg ppprrriiiccceee cccooonnntttrrrooolll ooonnn bbbrrraaannnddd-name drugs.
555444 pppeeerrrccceeennnttt wwweeerrreee bbblllaaaccckkk,,, BBBlllaaaccckkksss 28 B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.
hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee sssssiiiiigggggnnnnniiiiifffffiiiiicccccaaaaannnnntttttlllllyyyyy ssssshhhhhooooorrrrrttttteeeeerrrrr llllliiiiifffffeeeee ssssspppppaaaaannnnnsssss,,,,, iiiiinnnnn pppppaaaaarrrrrttttt ddddduuuuueeeee tttttooooo rrrrraaaaaccccciiiiisssssmmmmm iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee 29 C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.
hheeaalltthh eessttaabblliisshhmmeenntt.. BBllaacckkss aarree 30 C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.
statistically less likely thannnnn wwwwwhhhhhiiiiittttteeeeesssss tttttooooo bbbbbeeeee rrrrreeeeefffffeeeeerrrrrrrrrreeeeeddddd fffffooooorrrrr kkkkkiiiiidddddnnnnneeeeeyyyyy 31 A) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine
transplants or early-stage cancer commercial practice
surgery. 32 C) The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need human
36. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical help from society.
example of____. 33 B) intensify conflicts between the young and the old
A)crime against humanity 34 C) It benefits the old at the expense of the young.
B)unfair business transaction 35 D) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age
C)racial conflicts in Georgia 36 A) crime against humanity
D)racial segregation in America 37 C) deep-rooted socio-economic inequality
37.The barrier to democracy in 21st century America is____. 38 B) The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor
A)widespread use of racist stereotypes 39 D) has been accumulated from generations of slavery
B)prejudice against minority groups 40 B) Inequality of many kinds remains virtually untouched.
C)deep-rooted socio-economic inequalityB) his son blasted through the turns and loops with his face
Passage One stretched
Questions 21 to 25 are based onthefollowing passage. C) his son appeared distressed but calm while riding the roller
Each summer, no matter how pressing my work schedule, I coaster
take off one day exclusively for my son. We call it dad-son day. D)his son could keep his balance so well on the fast-moving roller
This year our third stop was the amusement park, where he coaster
discovered that he was tall enough to ride one of the fastest roller
coasters( ) in the world. We blasted through face-stretching 22. According to the author, children are bored _________.
turns and loops for ninety seconds. Then, as we stepped off the ride, A)unless their parents can find new thrills for them
he shrugged and, in a distressingly calm voice, remarked that it was B)when they don’t have any access to stimulating fun games
not as exciting as other rides he’d been on. As I listened, I began to C)when they are left alone at weekends by their working parents
sense something seriously out of balance. DDD))) eeevvveeennn iiifff ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee eeexxxpppooossseeeddd tttooo mmmooorrreee aaannnddd mmmooorrreee kkkiiinnndddsss ooofff
Throughout the season, I noticed similar events all around me. entertainment
Parents seemed hard pressed to find newthrills for indifferent kids.
Surrounded by ever-greater stimulation, their young faces wore 2222233333..... FFFFFrrrrrooooommmmm hhhhhiiiiisssss ooooowwwwwnnnnn eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeerrrrriiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee..... ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr cccccaaaaammmmmeeeee tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooonnnnncccccllllluuuuusssssiiiiiooooonnnnn
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teenagers appear apathetic ( ))) aaannnddd bbbuuurrrnnneeeddd ooouuuttt,,, wwwiiittthhh aaa “““bbbeeeeeennn probably suggest ____ .
ttttthhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee,,,,, dddddooooonnnnneeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt””””” aaaaaiiiiirrrrr ooooofffff iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnccccceeeee tttttooooowwwwwaaaaarrrrrddddd mmmmmuuuuuccccchhhhh ooooofffff llllliiiiifffffeeeee..... AAAAAsssss A)adjusting the pace of life and intensity of stimulation
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lives-l question the role of kids boredom in some of the diagnoses.
My own work is focused on the chemical imbalances and Passage Two
biological factors related to behavioral and emotional disorders. Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
These are complex problems. Yet I’ve been reflecting more and It used to be that people were proud to work for the same
more on how the pace of life and the intensity of stimulation may company for the whole of their working lives. They’d get a gold
be contributing to the rising rates of psychiatric problems among watch at the end of their productive years and a dinner featuring
children and adolescents in our society. speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty/But today’s rich
21. The author felt surprised in the amusement park at the face capitalists have regressed ( ) to the “survival of the fittest”
that________. ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to their
A)his son was not as thrilled by the roller coaster ride as expected stockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out goldwatches worth a hundred or so dollars for forty or so years of work,
they grab tens and even hundreds of millions of dollars as they sell 28. The immediate consequence of the new capitalists’ practice is
for their own profit the company they may have been with for only ________ .
a few years. A)loss of corporate reputation
The new rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the B)lower pay for the employees
wealth that the country as a whole has produced. The top l percent C)a higher rate of unemployment
of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95 D)a decline in business transactions
percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly
expressed in downsizing and outsourcing ( ) 29. The rich try to sway the policy of the government by
because these business maneuvers don’t act to create new jobs as ________ .
the founders of new industries used to do, but only to cut out jobs A)occupying important positions in both political parties
while keeping the money value of what those jobs produced for BBB)))mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg mmmooonnneeetttaaarrryyy cccooonnntttrrriiibbbuuutttiiiooonnnsss tttooo dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn-makers
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bought all the politicians from the top down. The president himself
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because he is summoned to “fundraising dinners” where fat cats AAAAAAA)))))))TTTTTTTooooooo cccccccaaaaaaallllllllllllll ooooooonnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee mmmmmmmiiiiiiiddddddddddddddllllllleeeeeee ccccccclllllllaaaaaaassssssssssssss tttttttooooooo rrrrrrreeeeeeemmmmmmmaaaaaaaiiiiiiinnnnnnn llllllloooooooyyyyyyyaaaaaaalllllll tttttttooooooo ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee fffffffrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeennnnnnnttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrrppppppprrrrrrriiiiiiissssssseeeeeee
pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into sssyyysssttteeemmm...
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place a high value on _________ . will be made out to the University of California-San Francisco
A)job security (UCSF).
B)bosses’ praise Thanks in part to such private donations, university research
C)corporate loyalty into uses for human stem cells the cells earliest stages of
D)retirement benefits development that can form any body part-will continue in
California. With private financial support, the state will be less
27. The author is strongly critical of today’s rich capitalists for likely to lose talented scientists who would be tempted to leave the
_________. field or even leave the field or even leave the country as research
A)not giving necessary assistance to laid-off workers dependent on federal money slows to a glacial ( ) pace.
B)maximizing their profits at the expense of workers Hindered by limits President Bush placed on stem cell
C)not setting up long-term goals for their companies research a year ago, scientists are turning to laboratories that can
D)rewarding only those who are considered the fittest carry out work without using federal money. This is awkward foruniversities. Which must spend extra money building separate labs stem cells will be unlikely unless ________.
and keeping rigorous records proving no federal funds were A)human stem cells are used in the research
involved. Grove’s donation, a first step toward a $20 million target B)a lot more private donations can be secured
at UCSF. Will ease the burden. C)more fcderal money is used for the research
The president’s decision a year ago to allow research on D)talented scientists are involved in the research
already existing stem cell lines was portrayed as a reasonable
compromise between scientists’ needs for cells to work with, and 35. The reason lying behind President Bush’s placing limits on
concerns that this kind of research cold lead to wholesale creation stem cell research is that __________.
and destruction of human embryos ( ) Cloned infants and a A)his administration is financially pinched
general contempt for human life. B)he did not want to offend its opponents
But Bush’s effort to please both sides ended up pleasing C)it amounts to a contempt for human life
neither. And it certainly didn’t provide the basis for cutting edge DDD)))iiittt dddiiiddd nnnooottt ppprrrooommmiiissseee aaannnyyy ttthhheeerrraaapppeeeuuutttiiiccc vvvaaallluuueee
research. Of the 78 existing sxisting stern cell lines which Bush
said are all that science would ever need, only one is in this country PPaassssaaggee FFoouurr
( at the University of Wisconsin), and only five are ready for QQQQQuuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss 3333366666 tttttooooo 4444400000 aaaaarrrrreeeee bbbbbaaaaassssseeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee.....
distribution to researchers. All were grown in conjunction with TTTTThhhhhiiiiisssss lllllooooooooookkkkksssss llllliiiiikkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrr ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt hhhhhaaaaarrrrrddddd-pressed tenants in California
mouse cells, making future therapeutic ( ) uses unlikely. wwwiiillllll gggeeettt rrreeellliiieeefff-nnnnnooooottttt jjjjjuuuuusssssttttt iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmaaaaarrrrrkkkkkeeeeetttttppppplllllaaaaaccccceeeee,,,,, wwwwwhhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee rrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee eeeeeaaaaassssseeeeeddddd,,,,,
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heart diseases and many other problems. FFFooorrr mmmooorrreee ttthhhaaannn aaa ccceeennntttuuurrryyy,,, lllaaannndddlllooorrrdddsss iiinnn CCCaaallliiifffooorrrnnniiiaaa hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeen
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school, But it will be an improvement in cities like San Jose where
3333322222..... FFFFFooooorrrrr UUUUUCCCCCSSSSSFFFFF tttttooooo cccccaaaaarrrrrrrrrryyyyy ooooonnnnn sssssttttteeeeemmmmm ccccceeeeellllllllll rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhh,,,,, nnnnneeeeewwwww fffffuuuuunnnnndddddsssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee tttttooooo renters rights groups charge that unscrupulous ( )
come from _______. landlords have kicked ou tenants on short notice to put up rents.
AAA)))iiinnnttteeerrreeesssttteeeddd bbbuuusssiiinnneeesssssseeesss aaannnddd iiinnndddiiivvviiiddduuuaaalllsss The California Landlords Association argued that landlords
B)the United States federal government shouldn’t have to wait 60 days to get rid of problem tenants. But
CCC)))aaa fffooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn ssseeettt uuuppp bbbyyy ttthhheee IIInnnttteeelll CCCooommmpppaaannnyyy the bill gained support when a Japanese real estate investor sent ou
D)executives of leading American companies 30-day eviction notices to 550 families renting homes in
Sacramento and Santa Rosa. The land lords lobby eventually
33. As a result o the limits Bush placed on stem cell research, dropped its opposition and instead its forces against AB 2330, re
American universities will __________. garding security deposits.
A)conduct the research in laboratories overseas Sponsored by Assemblywoman Carole Migden of San
B)abandon the research altogether in the near future Francisco, the bill would establish; procedure and a timetable for
C)have to carry out the research secretly tenants to get back security deposits.
D)have to raise money to build separate labs Some landlords view security deposits as a free month’s rent,
theirs for the taking. In mos cases, though, there are honest disputes
34. We may infer from the passage that future therapeutic uses of over damages-what constitutes ordinary wear and tear.AB 2330 would give a tenant the right to request a 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C
walk-through with the landlord and to make the repairs before 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A
moving out; reputable landlords already do this. It would increase 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. B 38.
the penalty for failing to return a deposit. C 39. D 40. A
The original bill would have required the landlord to pay
interest in the deposit. The landlords lobby protested that it would
involve too much paperwork over too little money-less than $10 a Passage One
year on a $1,000 deposit, at current rates. On Wednesday, the Questions 52 to 56 are based onthefollowing passage.
sponsor dropped the interest section to increase the chance of
passage. You hear therefrainall the time: theU.S. economy looksgood
Even in its amended form, AB 2330 is , like SB 1403 , vitally statistically, butit doesn’t feel good.Why doesn’t ever-greater
important for tenants and should be made state law. wealth promote evvveeerrr---gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr hhhaaappppppiiinnneeessssss??? Itis a question thatdates at
36.We learn form the passage that SB1403 will benefit _______. least tothe appppppeeeaaarrraaannnccceee iiinnn 111999555888 of The Affluent ( ) Society
A)long-term real estate investors by Jooohhhnnn KKKeeennnnnneeettthhh GGGaaalllbbbrrraaaiiittthhh,,, whoddiieedd rreecceennttllyy aatt 9977..
B)short-term tenants in Sacramento
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D)tenants renting a house over a year nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww mmmmmmmooooooommmmmmmeeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee hhhhhhhuuuuuuummmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnn cccccccooooooonnnnnnndddddddiiiiiiitttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn....... FFFFFFFooooooorrrrrrr mmmmmmmooooooosssssssttttttt ooooooofffffff hhhhhhhiiiiiiissssssstttttttooooooorrrrrrryyyyyyy,,,,,,, “““““““hhhhhhhuuuuuuunnnnnnngggggggeeeeeeerrrrrrr,,,,,,,
sssssssiiiiiiiccccccckkkkkkknnnnnnneeeeeeessssssssssssss,,,,,,, aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd cccccccooooooolllllllddddddd””””””” ttttttthhhhhhhrrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaattttttteeeeeeennnnnnneeeeeeeddddddd nnnnnnneeeeeeeaaaaaaarrrrrrrlllllllyyyyyyy eeeeeeevvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrryyyyyyyooooooonnnnnnneeeeeee,,,,,,, GGGGGGGaaaaaaalllllllbbbbbbbrrrrrrraaaaaaaiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh wwwwwwwrrrrrrrooooooottttttteeeeeee.......
37. A 60-dddaaayyy nnnoootttiiiccceee bbbeeefffooorrreee eeevvviiiccctttiiiooonnn mmmaaayyy nnnooottt bbbeee eeeaaarrrlllyyy eeennnooouuuggghhh fffooorrr “““““PPPPPooooovvvvveeeeerrrrrtttttyyyyy wwwwwaaaaasssss fffffooooouuuuunnnnnddddd eeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyywwwwwhhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt wwwwwooooorrrrrlllllddddd..... OOOOObbbbbvvvvviiiiiooooouuuuussssslllllyyyyy iiiiittttt iiiiisssss nnnnnooooottttt
renters because _______. ooooofffff ooooouuuuurrrrrsssss.....””””” AAAAAfffffttttteeeeerrrrr WWWWWooooorrrrrlllllddddd WWWWWaaaaarrrrr IIIIIIIIII,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee dddddrrrrreeeeeaaaaaddddd ooooofffff aaaaannnnnooooottttthhhhheeeeerrrrr GGGGGrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttt
A)moving house is something difficult to arrange DDDDDeeeeeppppprrrrreeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnn gggggaaaaavvvvveeeee wwwwwaaaaayyyyy tttttooooo aaaaannnnn eeeeecccccooooonnnnnooooommmmmiiiiiccccc bbbbboooooooooommmmm..... IIIIInnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee 11111999993333300000sssss
B)appropriate housing may not be readily available uuunnneeemmmmmpppppllllloooooyyyyymmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt hhhhhaaaaaddddd aaaaavvvvveeeeerrrrraaaaagggggeeeeeddddd 1111188888.....22222 pppppeeeeerrrrrccccceeeeennnnnttttt;;;;; iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee 11111999995555500000sssss iiiiittttt wwwwwaaaaasssss 44444.....55555
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3333388888..... VVVVVeeeeerrrrryyyyy ooooofffffttttteeeeennnnn lllllaaaaannnnndddddlllllooooorrrrrdddddsssss dddddooooonnnnn’’’’’ttttt rrrrreeeeetttttuuuuurrrrrnnnnn ttttteeeeennnnnaaaaannnnntttttsssss’’’’’ dddddeeeeepppppooooosssssiiiiitttttsssss ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee dddiiissscccooonnnttteeennnttt... TTThhhrrrooouuuggghhh aaadddvvveeerrrtttiiisssiiinnnggg,,, cccooommmpppaaannniiieeesss cccooonnndddiiitttiiiooonnneeeddd cccooonnnsssuuummmeeerrrsss
pretext that _______. tttooo bbbuuuyyy ttthhhiiinnngggsss ttthhheeeyyy dddiiidddnnn’’’ttt rrreeeaaallllllyyy wwwaaannnttt ooorrr nnneeeeeeddd... BBBeeecccaaauuussseee sssooo mmmuuuccchhh
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BBB)))ttthhheeerrreee hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn ooorrrdddiiinnnaaarrryyy wwweeeaaarrr aaannnddd ttteeeaaarrr gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt ssspppeeennndddiiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt wwwooouuulllddd mmmaaakkkeee eeevvveeerrryyyooonnneee bbbeeetttttteeerrr oooffffff wwwaaasss
CCCC))))tttteeeennnnaaaannnnttttssss hhhhaaaavvvveeee ddddoooonnnneeee ddddaaaammmmaaaaggggeeee ttttoooo tttthhhheeee hhhhoooouuuusssseeee being cut down because people instinctively—and
D)the 30-dddaaayyy nnnoootttiiiccceee fffooorrr mmmooovvviiinnnggg ooouuuttt iiisss ooovvveeerrr wrongly—labeled government only as “a necessary evil.”
3333399999.....WWWWWhhhhhyyyyy dddddiiiiiddddd ttttthhhhheeeee ssssspppppooooonnnnnsssssooooorrrrr ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee AAAAABBBBB 22222333333333300000 bbbbbiiiiillllllllll fffffiiiiinnnnnaaaaallllllllllyyyyy gggggiiiiivvvvveeeee iiiiinnnnn ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is
interest section? standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving
A)To put an end to a lengthy argument. rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any
B)To urge landlords to lobby for its passage. meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From
C)To cut down the heavy paperwork for its easy passage. 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3
D)To make it easier for the State Assembly to pass the bill. percent, to $43,200. people feel “squeezed” because their rising
incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes,
40.It can be learned from the passage that ________. more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.
A)both bills are likely to be made state laws
B)neither bill will pass through the Assembly The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity.
C) AB 2330 stands a better chance of passage People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As
D)Sacramento and San Jose support SB 1403 corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear
they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle putsit in his book by the same name. D)Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of
control.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed
from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian 55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable
( ) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. American” (Line 3, Para. 5)?
There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. A)Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.
Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and B)People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.
contradictions. C)People who have little say in American politics.
D)Workers who no longer have secure jobs.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the
multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets 56. What has affluence brought to American society?
loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social AAA)))RRReeennneeewwweeeddd eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc ssseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy...
order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone BBB)))AAA ssseeennnssseee ooofff ssseeelllfff---fffuuulllfffiiillllllmmmeeennnttt...
can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so CCC)))NNNeeewww cccooonnnfffllliiiccctttsss aaannnddd cccooommmppplllaaaiiinnntttsss...
extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and DDD)))MMMiiissseeerrryyy aaannnddd aaannntttiii-sssoooccciiiaaalll bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooorrr...
sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, PPPaaassssssaaagggeee TTTwwwooo
including family breakdown and obesity ( ). Statistical QQQQQQQuuuuuuueeeeeeessssssstttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss 55555557777777 tttttttooooooo 66666661111111 aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee bbbbbbbaaaaaaassssssseeeeeeeddddddd ooooooonnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee fffffffooooooollllllllllllllooooooowwwwwwwiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg pppppppaaaaaaassssssssssssssaaaaaaagggggggeeeeeee.......
indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.
TTThhheee uuussseee ooofff dddeeefffeeerrreeennntttiiiaaalll ((( ))) lllaaannnggguuuaaagggeeeiiisss sssyyymmmbbbooollliiiccc ooofff ttthhheee
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old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not alllwwwaaayyysss eeennnddd wwwiiittthhh gggggeeeeennnnndddddeeeeerrrrr nnnnnooooorrrrrmmmmmsssss iiiiinnnnn JJJJJaaaaapppppaaaaannnnn..... TTTTThhhhhiiiiisssss iiiiidddddeeeeeaaaaalllll ppppprrrrreeeeessssseeeeennnnntttttsssss aaaaa wwwwwooooommmmmaaaaannnnn wwwwwhhhhhooooo
happiness. wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhdddddrrrrraaaaawwwwwsssss qqqqquuuuuiiiiieeeeetttttlllllyyyyy tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee bbbbbaaaaaccccckkkkkgggggrrrrrooooouuuuunnnnnddddd,,,,, sssssuuuuubbbbbooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnaaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg hhhhheeeeerrrrr llllliiiiifffffeeeee aaaaannnnnddddd
nnnnneeeeeeeeeedddddsssss tttttooooo ttttthhhhhooooossssseeeee ooooofffff hhhhheeeeerrrrr fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiitttttsssss mmmmmaaaaallllleeeee hhhhheeeeeaaaaaddddd..... SSSSShhhhheeeee iiiiisssss aaaaa dddddutiful
ddddaaaauuuugggghhhhtttteeeerrrr,,,, wwwwiiiiffffeeee,,,, aaaannnndddd mmmmooootttthhhheeeerrrr,,,, mmmmaaaasssstttteeeerrrr ooooffff tttthhhheeee ddddoooommmmeeeessssttttiiiicccc aaaarrrrttttssss.... TTTThhhheeee ttttyyyyppppiiiiccccaaaallll
rrreeefffiiinnneeeddd JJJaaapppaaannneeessseee wwwooommmaaannn eeexxxccceeelllsss iiinnn mmmooodddeeessstttyyy aaannnddd dddeeellliiicccaaacccyyy;;; ssshhheee
52. WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt qqqqquuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnn dddddoooooeeeeesssss JJJJJooooohhhhhnnnnn KKKKKeeeeennnnnnnnnneeeeettttthhhhh GGGGGaaaaalllllbbbbbrrrrraaaaaiiiiittttthhhhh rrrrraaaaaiiiiissssseeeee iiiiinnnnn hhhhhiiiiisssss “““tttrrreeeaaadddsss sssoooffftttlllyyy ((( )in the world,” elevating feminine beauty
book The Affluent Society? aaannnddd gggrrraaaccceee tttooo aaannn aaarrrttt fffooorrrmmm...
AAAAA)))))WWWWWhhhhhyyyyy ssssstttttaaaaatttttiiiiissssstttttiiiiicccccsssss dddddooooonnnnn’’’’’ttttt ttttteeeeellllllllll ttttthhhhheeeee tttttrrrrruuuuuttttthhhhh aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeee eeeeecccccooooonnnnnooooommmmmyyyyy.....
BBBBB)))))WWWWWhhhhhyyyyy aaaaaffffffffffllllluuuuueeeeennnnnccccceeeee dddddoooooeeeeesssssnnnnn’’’’’ttttt ggggguuuuuaaaaarrrrraaaaannnnnttttteeeeeeeeee hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss..... NNNooowwwaaadddaaayyysss,,, iiittt iiisss cccooommmmmmooonnnlllyyy ooobbbssseeerrrvvveeeddd ttthhhaaattt yyyooouuunnnggg wwwooommmeeennn aaarrreee nnnooottt
CCCCC)))))HHHHHooooowwwww hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss cccccaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeee ppppprrrrrooooommmmmooooottttteeeeeddddd tttttooooodddddaaaaayyyyy..... conforming to the feminine linguistic ( ) ideal. They are
DDD)))WWWhhhaaattt llliiieeesss bbbeeehhhiiinnnddd aaannn eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc bbboooooommm... using fewer of the very deferential “women’s” forms, and even
using the few strong forms that are know as “men’s.” This, of
5555533333..... AAAAAccccccccccooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo GGGGGaaaaalllllbbbbbrrrrraaaaaiiiiittttthhhhh,,,,, pppppeeeeeooooopppppllllleeeee fffffeeeeeeeeeelllll dddddiiiiissssscccccooooonnnnnttttteeeeennnnnttttteeeeeddddd bbbbbeeeeecccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in
________. the Japanese media against the defeminization of women’s
AAA)))pppuuubbbllliiiccc ssspppeeennndddiiinnnggg hhhaaasssnnn’’’ttt bbbeeeeeennn cccuuuttt dddooowwwnnn aaasss eeexxxpppeeecccttteeeddd language. Indeed, we didn’t hear about “men’s language” until
B)the government has proved to be a necessary evil people began to respond to girls’ appropriation of forms normally
C)they are in fear of another Great Depression reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about
D)materialism has run wild in modern society the “corruption” of women’s language—which of course is viewed
as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality—and this
54. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are
rises considerably? regularly carried out by the media.
A)Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.
B)Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation. Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never
C)The distribution of wealth is uneven between the r5ich and the used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This
poor. highly polite style is no doubt something that young women havebeen expected to “grow into”—after all, it is assign not simply of observed in today’s young women ________.
femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be A)may lead to changes in social relations
taken to indicate a change in the nature of one’s social relations as B)has been true of all past generations
well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite C)is viewed as a sign of their maturity
forms when playing house or imitating older women—in a fashion D)is a result of rapid social progress
analogous to little girls’ use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher
talk” or “mother talk” in role play. 61. The author believes that the use of assertive language by
young Japanese women is ________.
The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential A)a sure sign of their defeminization and maturation
language is a sure sign of change—of social change and of B)an indication of their defiance against social change
linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the C)one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated society
“masculization” of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that DDD)))aaannn iiinnneeevvviiitttaaabbbllleee tttrrreeennnddd ooofff llliiinnnggguuuiiissstttiiiccc dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt iiinnn JJJaaapppaaannn tttooodddaaayyy
girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but
that is very different from saying that they are trying to be BDADC BBBBBBDDDAAACCC
“masculine.” Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are
using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to
compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings PPPaaassssssaaagggeee OOOnnneee
not simply different positions for women and girls, but different QQQQQQQuuuuuuueeeeeeessssssstttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnnsssssss 55555552222222 tttttttooooooo 55555556666666 aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee bbbbbbbaaaaaaassssssseeeeeeeddddddd ooooooonnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee fffffffooooooollllllllllllllooooooowwwwwwwiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg pppppppaaaaaaassssssssssssssaaaaaaagggggggeeeeeee.......
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“hip” speech. hhhhheeeeedddddgggggeeeee fffffuuuuunnnnndddddsssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt fffffaaaaaiiiiillllleeeeeddddd cccccooooommmmmpppppllllleeeeettttteeeeelllllyyyyy..... WWWWWiiiiittttthhhhh ttttthhhhheeeee dddddooooollllllllllaaaaarrrrr
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BBBB))))tttthhhheeee CCCCoooonnnnffffuuuucccciiiiaaaannnn iiiinnnnfffflllluuuueeeennnncccceeee oooonnnn ggggeeeennnnddddeeeerrrr nnnnoooorrrrmmmmssss iiiinnnn JJJJaaaappppaaaannnn
CCC)))ttthhheee sssttteeerrreeeoootttyyypppeeeddd rrrooollleee ooofff wwwooommmeeennn iiinnn JJJaaapppaaannneeessseee fffaaammmiiillliiieeesss TTThhheee ooonnnccceee aaallllll-powerful dollar isn’t doing a Titanic against
DDDDD)))))ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnnooooorrrrrmmmmmsssss fffffooooorrrrr tttttrrrrraaaaadddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll JJJJJaaaaapppppaaaaannnnneeeeessssseeeee wwwwwooooommmmmeeeeennnnn tttttooooo fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwww jjjuuussst the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro
and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the
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women? dollar.
AAAAA)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy pppppaaaaayyyyy llllleeeeessssssssss aaaaatttttttttteeeeennnnntttttiiiiiooooonnnnn tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr llllliiiiinnnnnggggguuuuuiiiiissssstttttiiiiiccccc bbbbbeeeeehhhhhaaaaavvvvviiiiiooooorrrrr.....
BBB)))TTThhheee uuussseee fffeeewwweeerrr ooofff ttthhheee dddeeefffeeerrreeennntttiiiaaalll llliiinnnggguuuiiissstttiiiccc fffooorrrmmmsss... The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation’s
CCC)))TTThhheeeyyy cccooonnnfffuuussseee mmmaaallleee aaannnddd fffeeemmmaaallleee fffooorrrmmmsss ooofff lllaaannnggguuuaaagggeee... self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It’s
D)They employ very strong linguistic expressions. also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar
makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward
59. How do some people react to women’s appropriation of pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial
men’s language forms as reported in the Japanese media? sectors of the vast U.S. economy-from giant companies like
A)They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization. Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in
B)The see it as an expression of women’s sentiment. Miami-for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.
C)They accept it as a modern trend.
D)They express strong disapproval. Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant
superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But
60. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior nothing makes peoplethink more warmly of the U.S. than aweak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors problems.
from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the
trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally 54 How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the
top the 2000 peak? Many Europeans now apparently view devalued dollar?
the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico-as a cheap A)They feel contemptuous of it
place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact B)They are sympathetic with it.
that the poorer locals can’t afford to join the merrymaking. C)They regard it as a superpower on the decline.
D)They think of it as a good tourist destination.
The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade
deficit. So do exports, which thanks in part to the weak 55 what is the author’s advice to Americans?
dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. A.They treat the dollar with a little respect
For first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 BBB...TTThhheeeyyy tttrrryyy tttooo wwwiiinnn iiinnn ttthhheee wwweeeaaakkk-dollar gamble
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If you own shares in large American corporations, you’re a
winner in the weak-dollar gamble. Last week Coca-Cola’s 5555566666 WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt dddddoooooeeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr iiiiimmmmmppppplllllyyyyy bbbbbyyyyy sssssaaaaayyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg “““““cccccuuuuurrrrrrrrrreeeeennnnnccccciiiiieeeeesssss dddddooooonnnnn’’’’’ttttt
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quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Coke’s AAAAAAA.......TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeee dddddddooooooollllllllllllllaaaaaaarrrrrrr’’’’’’’sssssss vvvvvvvaaaaaaallllllluuuuuuueeeeeee wwwwwwwiiiiiiillllllllllllll nnnnnnnooooooottttttt iiiiiiinnnnnnncccccccrrrrrrreeeeeeeaaaaaaassssssseeeeeee iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee ssssssshhhhhhhooooooorrrrrrrttttttt ttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrrmmmmmmm.......
beverage business. Other American companies profiting BBBBB.....TTTTThhhhheeeee vvvvvaaaaallllluuuuueeeee ooooofffff aaaaa dddddooooollllllllllaaaaarrrrr wwwwwiiiiillllllllll nnnnnooooottttt bbbbbeeeee rrrrreeeeeddddduuuuuccccceeeeeddddd tttttooooo aaaaa dddddiiiiimmmmmeeeee
from this trend include McDonald’s and IBM. CCCCC.....TTTTThhhhheeeee dddddooooollllllllllaaaaarrrrr’’’’’sssss vvvvvaaaaallllluuuuueeeee wwwwwiiiiillllllllll dddddrrrrroooooppppp,,,,, bbbbbuuuuuttttt wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhiiiiinnnnn aaaaa sssssmmmmmaaaaallllllllll mmmmmaaaaarrrrrgggggiiiiinnnnn.....
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2 wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is
happening. We see our kids’ college background as e prize
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A) Their economy is plunging acknowledge that our obsession( ) is more about us
B)They can’t afford trips to Europe than them. So we’ve contrived various justifications that
C) Their currency has slumped turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually
D)They have lost half of their assets. doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to
Stanford.
53.How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary
Americans? We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that
A)They have to cancel their vacations in New England. there won’t be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents
B)They find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop urge their children to apply to more schools than ever.
restaurants. Underlying the hysteria( ) is the belief that scarce
C)They have to spend more money when buying imported elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must
goods. enjoy more success because they get a better education and
D)They might lose their jobs due to potential economic develop better contacts. All that is plausible——andmostly wrong. We haven’t found any convincing evidence B.They know best which universities are most suitable for
that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don’t their children.
systematically employ better instructional approaches than C.they have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges
less selective schools. On two measures——professors’ before children make an application.
feedback and the number of essay exams——selective D.they care more about which college their children go to
schools do slightly worse. than the children themselves.
By some studies, selective schools do enhance their 58.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more
graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% school than ever?
for every 100-poinnt increase in a school’s average SAT A.they want to increase their children chances of entering a
scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical prestigious college.
fluke( ). A well-known study examined students who BBB...ttthhheeeyyy hhhooopppeee ttthhheeeiiirrr ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn cccaaannn eeennnttteeerrr aaa uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy ttthhhaaattt oooffffffeeerrrsss
got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. aaattttttrrraaaccctttiiivvveee sssccchhhooolllaaarrrssshhhiiippps.
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schools. cccooolllllleeegggeee tttooo gggooo tttooo...
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Kids count more than their colleges.Getting into uuussseeeddd tttooo...
yale may signify intellgence,talent and
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not life only competiton.Old-bbboooyyy nnneeetttwwwooorrrkkksss aaarrreee bbbrrreeeaaakkkiiinnnggg BBBBB.....AAAAA pppppeeeeerrrrrsssssooooonnnnn hhhhhaaaaappppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee vvvvvaaaaallllluuuuueeeeeddddd mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr
dddooowwwnnn...ppprrriiinnnccceeetttooonnn eeecccooonnnooommmiiisssttt AAAlllaaannn KKKrrruuueeegggeeerrr ssstttuuudddiiieeeddd aaadddmmmiiissssssiiiooonnnsss education.
tttooo ooonnneee tttoooppp PPPhhh...DDD...ppprrrooogggrrraaammm...HHHiiiggghhh ssscccooorrreeesss ooonnn ttthhheee GGGRRREEE hhheeelllpppddd CCC...KKKiiidddsss aaaccctttuuuaaalll aaabbbiiillliiitttiiieeesss aaarrreee mmmooorrreee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnggg ttthhhaaannn ttthhheeeiiirrr
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didn’t. DDD...WWWhhhaaattt kkkiiidddsss llleeeaaarrrnnn aaattt cccooolllllleeegggeee cccaaannnnnnooottt kkkeeeeeeppp uuuppp wwwiiittthhh jjjooobbb
mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennntttsss...
SSSSSooooo,,,,,pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss,,,,,llllliiiiiggggghhhhhttttteeeeennnnn uuuuuppppp.....ttttthhhhheeeee ssssstttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeesssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee bbbbbeeeeeeeeeennnnn vvvvvaaaaassssstttttlllllyyyyy
eeeeexxxxxaaaaaggggggggggeeeeerrrrraaaaattttteeeeeddddd.....uuuuuppppp tttttooooo aaaaa pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt,,,,,wwwwweeeee cccccaaaaannnnn rrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaallllliiiiizzzzzeeeee ooooouuuuurrrrr 60.What doesKrueger study tell us?
pppppuuuuussssshhhhhiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss.....AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaa iiiiisssss aaaaa cccccooooommmmmpppppeeeeetttttiiiiitttttiiiiivvvvveeeee sssssoooooccccciiiiieeeeetttttyyyyy;;;;;ooooouuuuurrrrr kkkkkiiiiidddddsssss nnnnneeeeeeeeeeddddd tttttooooo A.GETting into Ph.d.programs may be more competitive
aaadddjjjuuusssttt tttooo ttthhhaaattt...bbbuuuttt tttoooooo mmmuuuccchhh pppuuussshhhiiinnneeessssssssss cccccaaaaannnnn bbbbbeeeee dddddeeeeessssstttttrrrrruuuuuccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee.....ttttthhhhheeeee than getting into college.
vvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyy aaaaammmmmbbbbbiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn wwwwweeeee iiiiimmmmmpppppooooossssseeeee ooooonnnnn ooooouuuuurrrrr ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn mmmmmaaaaayyyyy gggggeeeeettttt sssssooooommmmmeeeee iiiiinnnnntttttooooo B.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry
HHHaaarrrvvvaaarrrddd bbbuuuttt mmmaaayyy aaalllsssooo ssseeettt ttthhheeemmm uuuppp fffooorrr dddiiisssaaappppppoooiiinnntttmmmeeennnttt...ooonnneee to graduate programs.
ssstttuuudddyyy fffooouuunnnddd ttthhhaaattt,,,ooottthhheeerrr ttthhhiiinnngggsss bbbeeeiiinnnggg eeeqqquuuaaalll,,,gggrrraaaddduuuaaattteeesss ooofff C.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much
highly selective schools experienced more job about their GRE scores.
dissatisfaction.They may have been so conditioned to deing D.Connections built in prestigious universities may be
on top that anything less disappoints. sustained long after graduation.
2 61.One possible result of pushing children into elite
universities is that______
57.Why dose the author say that parengs are the true A.they earb less than their peers from other institutions
fighters in the college-admissions wars? B.they turn out to be less competitive in the job market
A.They have the final say in which university their children C.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduation
are to attend. D.they overemphasize their qualifications in job applicationhabitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.
What’s more, demand for animal products in developing
Passage 1 countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300
million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and
52.B) Their currency has slumped. industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in
53. C) They have to spend more money when buying many regions.
imported goods. All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to
54.D) They think of it as a good tourist destination. be very different from how it was in the 20th.thiswill require
55.C) They vacation at home rather than abroad. radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea
56. A) The dollar’s value will not increase in the short term. that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new
ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be
Passage 2 “““zzzeeerrrooo iiimmmpppaaacccttt”””... TTThhheee kkkeeeyyy wwwiiillllll bbbeee tttooo aaabbbaaannndddooonnn the rather simple and
57. D) They care more about which college their children ssstttaaatttiiiccc mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeesss ooofff sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh ccceeennntttrrreee ooonnn ttthhheee nnneeeeeeddd tttooo
go to than the children themselves. mmmmaaaaiiiinnnnttttaaaaiiiinnnn pppprrrroooodddduuuuccccttttiiiioooonnnn wwwwiiiitttthhhhoooouuuutttt iiiinnnnccccrrrreeeeaaaassssiiiinnnngggg ddddaaaammmmaaaaggggeeee....
58. A) They want to increase their children’s chances of IIIIInnnnnsssssttttteeeeeaaaaaddddd wwwwweeeee nnnnneeeeeeeeeeddddd aaaaa mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee dddddyyyyynnnnnaaaaammmmmiiiiiccccc iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeerrrrrppppprrrrreeeeetttttaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,, ooooonnnnneeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt
entering a prestigious college. lllooooookkksss aaattt ttthhheee ppprrrooosss aaannnddd cccooonnnsss of all the various way land
59. C) Kid’s actual abilities are more important than their iiisss uuussseeeddddddd....... TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeee aaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee mmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnnyyyyyyy dddddddiiiiiiiffffffffffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt wwwwwwwaaaaaaayyyyyyysssssss tttttttooooooo mmmmmmmeeeeeeeaaaaaaasssssssuuuuuuurrrrrrreeeeeee aaaaaaagggggggrrrrrrriiiiiiicccccccuuuuuuullllllltttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrraaaaaaalllllll
college backgrounds. pppppppeeeeeeerrrrrrrfffffffooooooorrrrrrrmmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnnccccccceeeeeee bbbbbbbeeeeeeesssssssiiiiiiidddddddeeeeeeesssssss fffffffooooooooooooooddddddd yyyyyyyiiiiiiieeeeeeelllllllddddddd::::::: eeeeeeennnnnnneeeeeeerrrrrrrgggggggyyyyyyy uuuuuuussssssseeeeeee,,,,,,, eeeeeeennnnnnnvvvvvvviiiiiiirrrrrrrooooooonnnnnnnmmmmmmmeeeeeeennnnnnntttttttaaaaaaalllllll cccccccooooooossssssstttttttsssssss,,,,,,,
60. B) Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee wwwwwaaaaattttteeeeerrrrr pppppuuuuurrrrriiiiitttttyyyyy,,,,, cccccaaaaarrrrrbbbbbooooonnnnn fffffooooooooootttttppppprrrrriiiiinnnnnttttt aaaaannnnnddddd bbbbbiiiiiooooodddddiiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy..... IIIIIttttt iiiiisssss cccccllllleeeeeaaaaarrrrr,,,,, fffffooooorrrrr
entry to graduate programs. eeeeexxxxxaaaaammmmmpppppllllleeeee,,,,, ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee cccccaaaaarrrrrbbbbbooooonnnnn ooooofffff tttttrrrrraaaaannnnnssssspppppooooorrrrrtttttiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooommmmmaaaaatttttoooooeeeeesssss fffffrrrrrooooommmmm SSSSSpppppaaaaaiiiiinnnnn tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee
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graduation hhhhheeeeeaaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaannnnnddddd llllliiiiiggggghhhhhtttttiiiiinnnnnggggg..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt wwwwweeeee dddddooooo nnnnnooooottttt kkkkknnnnnooooowwwww wwwwwhhhhheeeeettttthhhhheeeeerrrrr lllllooooowwwwweeeeerrrrr cccccaaaaarrrrrbbbbbooooonnnnn
fffffooooooooootttttppppprrrrriiiiinnnnntttttsssss wwwwwiiiiillllllllll aaaaalllllwwwwwaaaaayyyyysssss bbbbbeeeee bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr fffffooooorrrrr bbbbbiiiiiooooodddddiiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy.....
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Passage One nnnooottt jjjuuusssttt aaabbbooouuuttt sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee fffooooooddd ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiiooonnn...
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hhhhhhaaaaaassssss bbbbbbeeeeeeccccccoooooommmmmmeeeeee ddddddiiiiiiffffffffffffiiiiiiccccccuuuuuulllllltttttt ttttttoooooo qqqqqquuuuuueeeeeessssssttttttiiiiiioooooonnnnnn eeeeeeiiiiiitttttthhhhhheeeeeerrrrrr tttttthhhhhheeeeee bbbbbbaaaaaassssssiiiiiicccccc aaaaaassssssssssssuuuuuummmmmmppppppttttttiiiiiioooooonnnnnnssssss BBB)))BBByyy iiitttsss sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy
bbbbbbbeeeeeeehhhhhhhiiiiiiinnnnnnnddddddd iiiiiiittttttt ooooooorrrrrrr ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee wwwwwwwaaaaaaayyyyyyy ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee cccccccooooooonnnnnnnccccccceeeeeeepppppppttttttt iiiiiiisssssss pppppppuuuuuuuttttttt tttttttooooooo uuuuuuussssssseeeeeee....... TTTTTTThhhhhhhiiiiiiisssssss iiiiiiisssssss eeeeeeessssssspppppppeeeeeeeccccccciiiiiiiaaaaaaallllllllllllllyyyyyyy tttttttrrrrrrruuuuuuueeeeeee D)By its contribution to economic growth
iiiiinnnnn aaaaagggggrrrrriiiiicccccuuuuullllltttttuuuuurrrrreeeee,,,,, wwwwwhhhhheeeeerrrrreeeee sssssuuuuussssstttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnnaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee dddddeeeeevvvvveeeeelllllooooopppppmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt iiiiisssss ooooofffffttttteeeeennnnn tttttaaaaakkkkkeeeeennnnn aaaaasss ttthhheee 53.Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted
sssssooooollllleeeee mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeee ooooofffff ppppprrrrrooooogggggrrrrreeeeessssssssss wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhooooouuuuuttttt aaaaa ppppprrrrrooooopppppeeeeerrrrr aaaaapppppppppprrrrreeeeeccccciiiiiaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff hhhhhiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrriiiiicccccaaaaalllll in________.
and cultural perspectives. A)Localised pollution C) competition from overseas
TTTooo ssstttaaarrrttt wwwiiittthhh,,, iiittt iiisss iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt tttooo rrreeemmmeeemmmbbbeeerrr ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee nnnaaatttuuurrreee ooofff B)the shrinking of farmland
aaagggrrriiicccuuullltttuuurrreee hhhaaasss ccchhhaaannngggeeeddd mmmaaarrrkkkeeedddlllyyy ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhhooouuuttt hhhiiissstttooorrryyy,,, aaannnddd wwwiiillllll D)the decrease of biodiversity
continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, 54. What does the author think of traditional farming
clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much practices?
lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on A)They have remained the same over the centuries
biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In B)They have not kept pace with population growth
terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the C)They are not necessarily sustainable
product it was relatively inefficient. D)They are environmentally friendly
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial 55.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century
revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize A)It will go through radical changes
and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, B)It will supply more animal products
safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to C)It will abandon traditional farming practicesD)It will cause zero damage to the environment people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within
56What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? these shores.
A)To remind people of the need of sustainable development That is a much larger question than what should happen with
B)To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is
C)To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here
D)To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where
we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be
Passage Two Americans. And it would be nice if wefinally got the answer right.
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. 57. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early
The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully days?
present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At A)They were of inferior races.
12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s. BBB)))TTThhheeeyyy wwweeerrreee aaa SSSooouuurrrccceee ooofff pppooollliiitttiiicccaaalll cccooorrrrrruuuppptttiiiooonnn...
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openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s DDD)))TTThhheeeyyy wwweeerrreee pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee nnnaaatttiiiooonnn’’’sss bbbllooooddssttrreeaamm..
bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have 5555588888.....WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt dddddoooooeeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr ttttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnkkkkk ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeewwwww iiiiimmmmmmmmmmiiiiigggggrrrrraaaaannnnntttttsssss?????
too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue AAAAA)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy wwwwwiiiiillllllllll bbbbbeeeee aaaaa dddddyyyyynnnnnaaaaammmmmiiiiiccccc wwwwwooooorrrrrkkkkk fffffooooorrrrrccccceeeee iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUU.....SSSSS.....
that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, BBBBBBB)))))))TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy cccccccaaaaaaannnnnnn dddddddooooooo jjjjjjjuuuuuuusssssssttttttt aaaaaaasssssss wwwwwwweeeeeeellllllllllllll aaaaaaasssssss ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr ppppppprrrrrrreeeeeeedddddddeeeeeeeccccccceeeeeeessssssssssssssooooooorrrrrrrsssssss.......
fit in as previous generations did. CCCCCCC)))))))TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy wwwwwwwiiiiiiillllllllllllll bbbbbbbeeeeeee vvvvvvveeeeeeerrrrrrryyyyyyy dddddddiiiiiiisssssssaaaaaaappppppppppppppoooooooiiiiiiinnnnnnnttttttteeeeeeeddddddd ooooooonnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww lllllllaaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd.......
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Italians, Romanians and members of other so-cccaaalllllleeeddd iiinnnfffeeerrriiiooorrr rrraaaccceeesss 5555599999..... WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt dddddoooooeeeeesssss EEEEEdddddwwwwwaaaaarrrrrddddd TTTTTeeeeelllllllllleeeeesssss’’’’’ rrrrreeeeessssseeeeeaaaaarrrrrccccchhhhh sssssaaaaayyyyy aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt
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iiisss nnnooo rrreeeaaasssooonnn wwwhhhyyy ttthhheeessseee nnneeewww iiimmmmmmiiigggrrraaannntttsss ssshhhooouuulllddd nnnooottt hhhaaavvveee ttthhheee sssaaammmeee BBBBB)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy wwwwwiiiiillllllllll dddddooooo bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr iiiiinnnnn ttttteeeeerrrrrmmmmmsssss ooooofffff eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll aaaaattttttttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt.....
success. CCCC))))TTTThhhheeeeyyyy wwwwiiiillllllll mmmmeeeelllltttt iiiinnnnttttoooo tttthhhheeee AAAAffffrrrriiiiccccaaaannnn-American community.
AAAAAlllllttttthhhhhooooouuuuuggggghhhhh ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn ooooofffff MMMMMeeeeexxxxxiiiiicccccaaaaannnnn iiiiimmmmmmmmmmiiiiigggggrrrrraaaaannnnntttttsssss dddddooooo bbbbbeeeeetttttttttteeeeerrrrr,,,,, iiiiinnnnn ttttteeeeerrrrrmmmmmsssss D)TTThhheeeyyy mmmaaayyy fffooorrreeevvveeerrr rrreeemmmaaaiiinnn pppoooooorrr aaannnddd uuunnndddeeerrraaaccchhhiiieeevvviiinnnggg...
ooooofffff eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll aaaaannnnnddddd ppppprrrrrooooofffffeeeeessssssssssiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll aaaaattttttttttaaaaaiiiiinnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt,,,,, ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss 666000...WWWhhhaaattt ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee dddooonnneee tttooo hhheeelllppp ttthhheee nnneeewww iiimmmmmmiiigggrrraaannntttsss???
UUUUUCCCCCLLLLLAAAAA sssssoooooccccciiiiiooooolllllooooogggggiiiiisssssttttt EEEEEdddddwwwwwaaaaarrrrrddddd TTTTTeeeeelllllllllleeeeesssss hhhhhaaaaasssss fffffooooouuuuunnnnnddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt ttttthhhhheeeee gggggaaaiiinnnsss dddooonnn’’’ttt AAA)))RRRiiiddd ttthhheeemmm ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr iiinnnfffeeerrriiiooorrriiitttyyy cccooommmpppllleeexxx...
cccccooooonnnnntttttiiiiinnnnnuuuuueeeee..... IIIIInnnnndddddeeeeeeeeeeddddd,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooouuuuuttttthhhhh gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn iiiiisssss mmmmmaaaaarrrrrgggggiiiiinnnnnaaaaallllllllllyyyyy wwwwwooooorrrrrssssseeeee oooooffffffffff ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn BBB)))UUUrrrgggeee ttthhheeemmm tttooo aaadddooopppttt AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannn cccuuussstttooommmsss...
tttttthhhhhheeeeee tttttthhhhhhiiiiiirrrrrrdddddd JJJJJJaaaaaammmmmmeeeeeessssss JJJJJJaaaaaacccccckkkkkkssssssoooooonnnnnn,,,,,, ooooooffffff tttttthhhhhheeeeee UUUUUUnnnnnniiiiiivvvvvveeeeeerrrrrrssssssiiiiiittttttyyyyyy ooooooffffff MMMMMMiiiiiicccccchhhhhhiiiiiiggggggaaaaaannnnnn,,,,,, hhhhhhaaaaaassssss ffffffoooooouuuuuunnnnnndddddd aaaaaa CCC)))PPPrrreeevvveeennnttt ttthhheeemmm fffrrrooommm bbbeeeiiinnnggg mmmaaarrrgggiiinnnaaallliiizzzeeeddd...
sssssssiiiiiiimmmmmmmiiiiiiilllllllaaaaaaarrrrrrr tttttttrrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnnddddddd aaaaaaammmmmmmooooooonnnnnnnggggggg bbbbbbblllllllaaaaaaaccccccckkkkkkk CCCCCCCaaaaaaarrrrrrriiiiiiibbbbbbbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeaaaaaaannnnnnn iiiiiiimmmmmmmmmmmmmmiiiiiiigggggggrrrrrrraaaaaaannnnnnntttttttsssssss,,,,,,, TTTTTTTeeeeeeellllllllllllllsssssss fffffffeeeeeeeaaaaaaarrrrrrrsssssss ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt D)Teach them standard American English.
Mexican-AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss mmmaaayyy bbbeee fffaaattteeeddd tttooo fffooollllllooowww iiinnn ttthhheee fffooooootttsssttteeepppsss ooofff 61. According to the author, the burning issue concerning
American blacks-ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt lllllaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeee pppppaaaaarrrrrtttttsssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee cccccooooommmmmmmmmmuuuuunnnnniiiiitttttyyyyy mmmmmaaaaayyyyy bbbbbeeeeecccccooooommmmmeeeee immigration is_______.
mired iiiiinnnnn aaaaa ssssseeeeeeeeeemmmmmiiiiinnnnnggggglllllyyyyy pppppeeeeerrrrrmmmmmaaaaannnnneeeeennnnnttttt ssssstttttaaaaattttteeeee ooooofffff pppppooooovvvvveeeeerrrrrtttttyyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd A)How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents
Underachievement. Like African-AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss,,, MMMeeexxxiiicccaaannn-Americans B)How to help immigrants to better fit into American society
are increasingly relegated to ( )))ssseeegggrrreeegggaaattteeeddd,,, sssuuubbbssstttaaannndddaaarrrddd sssccchhhooools, C)How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border
and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the D)How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.
country.
We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding 52.B. By its sustainability
people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what 53.D. the decrease of biodiversity
we have not yet learned is how to make the process of 54.C. They are not necessarily sustainable.
Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring 55. A. It will go through radical changes.
people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things 56.D. To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.
happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about 57. A. They were of inferior races.
immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some 58.B. They can do just as well as their predecessors.
broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that 59.D. They may forever remain poor and underachieving.60.C. Prevent them from being marginalized. A human activities have changed the way turtles survive
61.B. how to help immigrants to better fit into American society. B efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying
out
Passage One C government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’
Questions 52 to 56 are based onthefollowing passage. extinction
For hundreds of millions of years, turtles ( ) have D marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’
struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long reproduction
before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS 53.What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human
satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to notions of fairness”?
hand-carry the hatchlings ( ) down to the water’s edge lest they A Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel B Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been C TTThhheee cccooouuurrrssseee ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrreee wwwiiillllll nnnooottt bbbeee ccchhhaaannngggeeeddd bbbyyy hhhuuummmaaannn iiinnnttteeerrrfffeeerrreeennnccceee...
erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. D TTThhheee tttuuurrrtttllleee pppooopppuuulllaaatttiiiooonnn hhhaaasss dddeeecccrrreeeaaassseeeddd iiinnn ssspppiiittteee ooofff hhhuuummmaaannn
With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures ppprrrooottteeeccctttiiiooonnn...
would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. 5555544444..... WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt cccccooooonnnnnssssstttttiiiiitttttuuuuuttttteeeeesssss aaaaa mmmmmaaaaajjjjjooooorrrrr ttttthhhhhrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttt tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee sssssuuuuurrrrrvvvvviiiiivvvvvaaaaalllll ooooofffff tttttuuuuurrrrrtttttllllleeeeesssss
But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a aaaaaaaaccccccccccccccccoooooooorrrrrrrrddddddddiiiiiiiinnnnnnnngggggggg ttttttttoooooooo EEEEEEEElllllllliiiiiiiizzzzzzzzaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbeeeeeeeetttttttthhhhhhhh GGGGGGGGrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiffffffffffffffffiiinnn???
report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop AAA TTTTThhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr iiiiinnnnnaaaaadddddeeeeeqqqqquuuuuaaaaattttteeeee fffffooooooooooddddd sssssuuuuupppppppppplllllyyyyy.....
in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, BBB UUUnnnrrreeeggguuulllaaattteeeddd cccooommmmmmeeerrrccciiiaaalll fffiiissshhhiiinnnggg...
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The South Floridddaaa nnneeessstttiiinnnggg pppooopppuuulllaaatttiiiooonnn,,, ttthhheee lllaaarrrgggeeesssttt,,, hhhaaasss dddeeecccllliiinnneeeddd bbbyyy D CCCooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ssseeeaaa wwwaaattteeerrr
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bbbiiiooolllooogggiiisssttt wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll gggrrrooouuuppp OOOccceeeaaannnaaa... TTThhheee fffiiiggguuurrreeesss AA IIIIIttttt ttttthhhhhrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttteeeeennnnnsssss ttttthhhhheeeee sssssaaaaannnnndddddyyyyy bbbbbeeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhheeeeesssss ooooonnnnn wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy lllllaaaaayyyyy eeeeeggggggggggsssss.....
ppprrrooommmpppttteeeddd OOOccceeeaaannnaaa tttooo pppeeetttiiitttiiiooonnn ttthhheee gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt tttooo uuupppgggrrraaadddeee ttthhheee llleeevvveeelll ooofff BBB TTTThhhheeee cccchhhhaaaannnnggggiiiinnnngggg cccclllliiiimmmmaaaatttteeee mmmmaaaakkkkeeeessss iiiitttt ddddiiiiffffffffiiiiccccuuuulllltttt ffffoooorrrr tttthhhheeeeiiiirrrr eeeeggggggggssss ttttoooo hhhhaaaattttcccchhhh....
protection for the North Atlantic llloooggggggeeerrrhhheeeaaadddsss fffrrrooommm ““tthhrreeaatteenneedd”” ttoo CC TTThhheee rrriiisssiiinnnggg ssseeeaaa llleeevvveeelllsss mmmaaakkkeee iiittt hhhaaarrrdddeeerrr fffooorrr ttthhheeeiiirrr hhhaaatttccchhhllliiinnngggsss tttooo gggrrrooowww...
“endangered”—mmmmmeeeeeaaaaannnnniiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeeeyyyyy aaaaarrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnn dddddaaaaannnnngggggeeeeerrrrr ooooofffff dddddiiiiisssssaaaaappppppppppeeeeeaaaaarrrrriiiiinnnnnggggg wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhooooouuuuuttttt D IIIttt tttaaakkkeeesss ttthhheeemmm lllooonnngggeeerrr tttooo aaadddaaapppttt tttooo ttthhheee hhhiiiggghhh bbbeeeaaaccchhh ttteeemmmpppeeerrraaatttuuurrreee...
aaaaaddddddddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnnaaaaalllll hhhhheeeeelllllppppp.....WWWWWhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh rrrrraaaaaiiiiissssseeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeee ooooobbbbbvvvvviiiiiooooouuuuusssss qqqqquuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnn::::: wwwwwhhhhhaaaaattttt eeeeelllllssssseeeee dddddooooo 555666...TTThhheee lllaaasssttt ssseeennnttteeennnccceee ooofff ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee iiisss mmmeeeaaannnttt tttooo ________________________...
ttttthhhhheeeeessssseeeee tttttuuuuurrrrrtttttllllleeeeesssss wwwwwaaaaannnnnttttt fffffrrrrrooooommmmm uuuuusssss,,,,, aaaaannnnnyyyyywwwwwaaaaayyyyy????? IIIIIttttt tttttuuuuurrrrrnnnnnsssss ooooouuuuuttttt,,,,, aaaaaccccccccccooooorrrrrdddddiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo A pppeeerrrsssuuuaaadddeee hhhuuummmaaannn bbbeeeiiinnngggsss tttooo ssshhhooowww mmmooorrreee aaaffffffeeeccctttiiiooonnn fffooorrr tttuuurrrtttllleeesss
GGGGGrrrrriiiiiffffffffffiiiiinnnnn,,,,, ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt wwwwwhhhhhiiiiillllleeeee wwwwweeeee hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee dddddooooonnnnneeeee aaaaa gggggooooooooooddddd jjjjjooooobbbbb ooooofffff ppppprrrrrooooottttteeeeeccccctttttiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee tttttuuuuurrrrrtttttllllleeeeesssss BBB ssstttrrreeessssss ttthhhaaattt eeevvveeennn ttthhheee mmmooosssttt uuuggglllyyy ssspppeeeccciiieeesss ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee ppprrrooottteeecccttteeeddd
fffooorrr ttthhheee wwweeeeeekkksss ttthhheeeyyy ssspppeeennnddd ooonnn lllaaannnddd (((aaasss eeegggggg-llllaaaayyyyiiiinnnngggg ffffeeeemmmmaaaalllleeeessss,,,, aaaassss eeeeggggggggssss CCC call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival
aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd aaaaaaasssssss hhhhhhhaaaaaaatttttttccccccchhhhhhhllllllliiiiiiinnnnnnngggggggsssssss))))))),,,,,,, wwwwwwweeeeeee hhhhhhhaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee nnnnnnneeeeeeegggggggllllllleeeeeeecccccccttttttteeeeeeeddddddd ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee yyyyyyyeeeeeeeaaaaaaarrrrrrrsssssss ssssssspppppppeeeeeeennnnnnnddddddd iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee oooooooccccccceeeeeeeaaaaaaannnnnnn....... D warn our descendants about the extinction of species
“““““TTTTThhhhheeeee ttttthhhhhrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttt iiiiisssss fffffrrrrrooooommmmm cccccooooommmmmmmmmmeeeeerrrrrccccciiiiiaaaaalllll fffffiiiiissssshhhhhiiiiinnnnnggggg,,,,,””””” sssssaaaaayyyyysssss GGGGGrrrrriiiiiffffffffffiiiiinnnnn..... TTTTTrrrrraaaaawwwwwllllleeeeerrrrrsssss
(((((wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh dddddrrrrraaaaaggggg lllllaaaaarrrrrgggggeeeee nnnnneeeeetttttsssss ttttthhhhhrrrrrooooouuuuuggggghhhhh ttttthhhhheeeee wwwwwaaaaattttteeeeerrrrr aaaaannnnnddddd aaaaalllllooooonnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee oooooccccceeeeeaaaaannnnn fffffllllloooooooooorrrrr))))) Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following
aaaaannnnnddddd lllllooooonnnnnggggg llllliiiiinnnnneeeee fffffiiiiissssshhhhheeeeerrrrrsssss (((((wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh cccccaaaaannnnn dddddeeeeepppppllllloooooyyyyy ttttthhhhhooooouuuuusssssaaaaannnnndddddsssss ooooofffff hhhhhooooooooookkkkksssss ooooonnnnn llllliiiiinnnnneeeeesssss passage.
ttthhhaaattt cccaaannn ssstttrrreeetttccchhh fffooorrr mmmiiillleeesss))) tttaaakkkeee aaa hhheeeaaavvvyyy tttooollllll ooonnn tttuuurrrtttllleeesss... There are few more sobering online activities than entering
OOOfff cccooouuurrrssseee,,, llliiikkkeee eeevvveeerrryyy ooottthhheeerrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll iiissssssuuueee tttooodddaaayyy,,, ttthhhiiisss is data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits
playing out against the background of global warming and human back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into
interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console
which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that,
development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.
the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the
as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs ( ) will meet “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates
its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate
how creature so ugly could have won so much affection. earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come
2 back with a vengeance ( ) since the 1980s. In 2005, The
52.We can learn from the first paragraph that ________. typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year collegedegree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a graduates narrowed
worker with only a high-school diploma. 59. Students who attend an in-state college or university can
There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic ________.
choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that A save more on tuition
the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down B receive a better education
merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University C take more liberal-arts courses
(tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater D avoid traveling long distances
return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an 60.In this consumerist age, most parents ________.
out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an A regard college education as a wise investment
out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield B place a premium on the prestige of the College
twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) C think it crucial to send their children to college
there? Not likely. D cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrr cccooolllllleeegggeee eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn aaa cccooonnnsssuuummmeeerrr ppprrroooddduuucccttt
No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating 666111...WWWhhhaaattt iiisss ttthhheee ccchhhiiieeefff cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrraaatttiiiooonnn wwwhhheeennn ssstttuuudddeeennntttsss ccchhhoooooossseee aaa cccooolllllleeegggeee
college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a today?
car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only A TTTTThhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr eeeeemmmmmpppppllllloooooyyyyymmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt ppppprrrrrooooossssspppppeeeeeccccctttttsssss aaaaafffffttttteeeeerrrrr gggggrrrrraaaaaddddduuuuuaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn.....
one of many crucial factors to consider. B AAAAA sssssaaaaatttttiiiiisssssfffffyyyyyiiiiinnnnnggggg eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeerrrrriiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhhiiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr bbbbbuuuuudddddgggggeeeeetttttsssss.....
As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college CCC IIIIItttttsssss fffffaaaaaccccciiiiillllliiiiitttttiiiiieeeeesssss aaaaannnnnddddd llllleeeeeaaaaarrrrrnnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg eeeeennnnnvvvvviiiiirrrrrooooonnnnnmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt.....
marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that DDD IIIIttttssss rrrraaaannnnkkkkiiiinnnngggg aaaammmmoooonnnngggg ssssiiiimmmmiiiillllaaaarrrr iiiinnnnssssttttiiiittttuuuuttttiiiioooonnnnssss....
gggiiivvveeesss ttthhheeemmm ttthhheee mmmooosssttt cccooommmfffooorrrttt aaannnddd sssaaatttiiisssfffaaaccctttiiiooonnn iiinnn llliiinnneee wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeeiiirrr
bbbuuudddgggeeetttsss... TTThhhiiisss aaaccccccooouuunnntttsss fffooorrr ttthhheee wwwiiilllllliiinnngggnnneeessssss ooofff pppeeeooopppllleee tttooo pppaaayyy mmmooorrreee 52BBB))) eeeffffffooorrrtttsss hhhaaavvveee been made topprrrooottteeecccttt turtles fromdying out.
fffooorrr dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt tttyyypppeeesss ooofff eeexxxpppeeerrriiieeennnccceeesss (((sssuuuccchhh aaasss aaatttttteeennndddiiinnnggg aaa ppprrriiivvvaaattteee 53 DDD))) TTThhheee tttuuurrrtttllleee populaaatttiiiooonnn hhhaaasss decreased in spite of human
liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-ssstttaaattteee pppuuubbbllliiiccc sssccchhhoooooolll ttthhhaaattt hhhaaasss ppprrrooottteeeccctttiiiooonnn...
a great marine-bbbiiiooolllooogggyyy ppprrrooogggrrraaammm)))... AAAnnnddd jjjuuusssttt aaasss tttwwwooo aaauuutttooo pppuuurrrccchhhaaassseeerrrsss 555444BBBB)))) UUUUnnnnrrrreeeegggguuuullllaaaatttteeeedddd ccccoooommmmmmmmeeeerrrrcccciiiiaaaallll ffffiiiisssshhhhiiiinnnngggg....
mmmmiiiigggghhhhtttt ssssppppeeeennnndddd aaaannnn eeeeqqqquuuuaaaallll aaaammmmoooouuuunnnntttt ooooffff mmmmoooonnnneeeeyyyy oooonnnn vvvveeeerrrryyyy ddddiiiiffffffffeeeerrrreeeennnntttt ccccaaaarrrrssss,,,, 5555A) Itthhhrrreeeaaattteeennnsss ttthhheeessaannddyy bbeeaacchheess oonn wwhhiicchh tthheeyy llaayy eeggggss..
cccccooooolllllllllleeeeegggggeeeee ssssstttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss (((((ooooorrrrr,,,,, mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee aaaaaccccccccccuuuuurrrrraaaaattttteeeeelllllyyyyy,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss))))) ooooofffffttttteeeeennnnn ssssshhhhhooooowwwww aaaaa 56C) call ffoorreeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival.
wwwwwiiiiilllllllllliiiiinnnnngggggnnnnneeeeessssssssss tttttooooo pppppaaaaayyyyy eeeeesssssssssseeeeennnnntttttiiiiiaaaaallllllllllyyyyy ttttthhhhheeeee sssssaaaaammmmmeeeee ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeee fffffooooorrrrr vvvvvaaaaassssstttttlllllyyyyy dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt 57CCC))) CCCooolllllleeegggeee education is rewarding in spite ofthe starting costs.
ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttsssss..... SSSSSooooo wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh iiiiisssss iiiiittttt????? IIIIIsssss cccccooooolllllllllleeeeegggggeeeee aaaaannnnn iiiiinnnnnvvvvveeeeessssstttttmmmmmeeeeennnnnttttt ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuucccccttttt llllliiiiikkkkkeeeee aaaaa 5588 DD))) TThhee gap between the earnings of college and high-school
ssssstttttoooooccccckkkkk ooooorrrrr aaaaa cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrr ppppprrrrroooooddddduuuuucccccttttt llllliiiiikkkkkeeeee aaaaa cccccaaaaarrrrr????? IIIIInnnnn kkkkkeeeeeeeeeepppppiiiiinnnnnggggg wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh ttttthhhhheeeee gggrrraaaddduuuaaattteeesss narrowed
aaaaaauuuuuuttttttoooooommmmmmoooooottttttiiiiiivvvvvveeeeee wwwwwwoooooorrrrrrlllllldddddd’’’’’’ssssss hhhhhhooooootttttttttttteeeeeesssssstttttt ccccccoooooonnnnnnssssssuuuuuummmmmmeeeeeerrrrrr ttttttrrrrrreeeeeennnnnndddddd,,,,,, mmmmmmaaaaaayyyyyybbbbbbeeeeee iiiiiitttttt’’’’’’ssssss bbbbbbeeeeeesssssstttttt ttttttoooooo 555999A) save more on tuition
chhhaaarrraaacccttteeerrriiizzzeee iiittt aaasss aaa hhhyyybbbrrriiiddd ((( )))));;;;; aaaaannnnn eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeennnnnsssssiiiiivvvvveeeee cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrr 60D) considercollege education aconsumerproduct
ppprrroooddduuucccttt ttthhhaaattt,,, ooovvveeerrr tttiiimmmeee,,, wwwiiillllll pppaaayyy rrriiiccchhh dddiiivvviiidddeeennndddsss... 61B) A satisfyingexperiencewiththeir budgets.
22
5555577777.....WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt’’’’’sssss ttttthhhhheeeee ooooopppppiiiiinnnnniiiiiooooonnnnn ooooofffff eeeeecccccooooonnnnnooooommmmmiiiiissssstttttsssss aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt gggggoooooiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo cccccooooolllllllllleeeeegggggeeeee????? Passage One
A HHHuuugggeee aaammmooouuunnntttsss ooofff mmmooonnneeeyyy iiisss bbbeeeiiinnnggg wwwaaasssttteeeddd ooonnn cccaaammmpppuuusss sssoooccciiiaaallliiizzziiinnnggg...
Questions 52 to 56 are based onthefollowing passage.
B IIIttt dddoooeeesssnnn’’’ttt pppaaayyy tttooo rrruuunnn iiinnntttooo dddeeebbbttt tttooo rrreeeccceeeiiivvveee aaa cccooolllllleeegggeee eeeddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn...
There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a
C College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type. So
D Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.
you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today
58.The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much
investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out
of the 20th century, ________.
those in the smugly green village of Berkeley, Calif.,
A enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges
as being among the worst in the country. The city’s public high
and universities
school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools,
B the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates
elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial
C competition for university admissions was far more fierce than
pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living
today
science experiments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy
D the gap between the earnings of college and high-schoolmetals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day. This in a 53. What response did USA Today’s report draw?
city that requires school cafeterias to serve organic meals. Great, I
A) A heated debate.
thought, organic lunch, toxic campus.
B)Popular support.
Since December, when the report came out, the mayor,
C)Widespread panic.
neighborhood activists and various parent-teacher
D)Strong criticism.
associations have engaged in a fierce battle over its validity: over
the guilt of the steel-casting factory on the western edge of town,
54. How did parents feel in the face of the experts’ studies?
over union jobs versus children’s health and over what, if anything,
ought to be done. With all sides presenting their own experts armed A)They felt very much relieved.
with conflicting scientific studies, whom should parents believe? Is
B)They were frightened by the evidence.
there truly a threat here, we asked one another as we dropped off
CCC)))TTThhheeeyyy dddiiidddnnn’’’ttt kkknnnooowww wwwhhhooo tttooo bbbeeellliiieeevvveee...
our kids, and if so, how great is it? And how does it compare with
DDD)))TTThhheeeyyy wwweeerrreeennn’’’ttt cccooonnnvvviiinnnccceeeddd ooofff ttthhheee rrreeesssuuullltttsss...
the other, seemingly perpetual health scares we confront, like panic
over lead in synthetic athletic fields? Rather than just another weird
55. WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt iiiiisssss ttttthhhhheeeee vvvvviiiiieeeeewwwww ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee 22222000000000044444 rrrrreeeeepppppooooorrrrrttttt iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee jjjjjooooouuuuurrrrrnnnnnaaaaalllll PPPPPeeeeedddddiiiiiaaaaatttttrrrrriiiiicccccsssss?????
episode in the town that brought you protesting environmentalists,
this latest drama is a trial for how today’s parents perceive risk, AAAAA)))))IIIIIttttt iiiiisssss iiiiimmmmmpppppooooorrrrrtttttaaaaannnnnttttt tttttooooo qqqqquuuuuaaaaannnnntttttiiiiifffffyyyyy vvvvvaaaaarrrrriiiiiooooouuuuusssss cccccooooonnnnncccccrrrrreeeeettttteeeee hhhhhaaaaazzzzzaaaaarrrrrdddddsssss.....
how we try to keep our kids safe—whether it’s possible to keep
BBBBB)))))DDDDDaaaaaiiiiilllllyyyyy aaaaacccccccccciiiiidddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss pppppooooossssseeeee aaaaa mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee ssssseeeeerrrrriiiiiooooouuuuusssss ttttthhhhhrrrrreeeeeaaaaattttt tttttooooo ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn.....
them safe—in what feels like an increasingly threatening world. It
CCCCC)))))PPPPPaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee aaaaawwwwwaaaaarrrrreeeee ooooofffff ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn’’’’’sssss hhhhheeeeeaaaaalllllttttthhhhh hhhhhaaaaazzzzzaaaaarrrrrdddddsssss.....
rraaiisseess tthhee qquueessttiioonn ooff wwhhaatt,, iinn oouurr ttiimmee,, ““ssaaffee”” ccoouulldd eevveenn mmeeaann..
DDDDD))))) AAAAAtttttttttteeeeennnnntttttiiiiiooooonnnnn ssssshhhhhooooouuuuulllllddddd bbbbbeeeee pppppaaaaaiiiiiddddd tttttooooo tttttoooooxxxxxiiiiiccccc ccccchhhhheeeeemmmmmiiiiicccccaaaaalllll eeeeexxxxxpppppooooosssssuuuuurrrrreeeee.....
“There’s no way around the uncertaiiinnntttyyy,,,””” sssaaayyysss KKKiiimmmbbbeeerrrlllyyy
TTThhhooommmpppsssooonnn,,, ppprrreeesssiiidddeeennnttt ooofff KKKiiiddd RRRiiissskkk,,, aaa nnnooonnnppprrrooofffiiittt gggrrrooouuuppp ttthhhaaattt ssstttuuudddiiieeesss
555666... OOOOOfffff ttttthhhhheeeee dddddaaaaannnnngggggeeeeerrrrrsssss iiiiinnnnn eeeeevvvvveeeeerrrrryyyyydddddaaaaayyyyy llllliiiiifffffeeeee,,,,, ttttthhhhheeeee author thinks that people
ccchhhiiillldddrrreeennn’’’sss hhheeeaaalllttthhh... “““TTThhhaaattt mmmeeeaaannnsss yyyooouuurrr ccchhhoooiiiccceeesss cccaaannn mmmaaatttttteeerrr,,, bbbuuuttt iiittt aaalllsssooo
hhhaaavvveee mmmooosssttt tttooo fffeeeaaarrr fffrrrooommm ______________________________...
mmmeeeaaannnsss yyyooouuu aaarrreeennn’’’ttt gggoooiiinnnggg tttooo kkknnnooowww iiifff ttthhheeeyyy dddooo...””” AAA 222000000444 rrreeepppooorrrttt iiinnn ttthhheee
AAA)))ttthhheee uuunnnccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnn
jjjjjooooouuuuurrrrrnnnnnaaaaalllll PPPPPeeeeedddddiiiiiaaaaatttttrrrrriiiiicccccsssss eeeeexxxxxppppplllllaaaaaiiiiinnnnneeeeeddddd ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt nnnnneeeeerrrrrvvvvvooooouuuuusssss pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee tttttooooo fffffeeeeeaaaaarrrrr
fffffrrrrrooooommmmm fffffiiiiirrrrreeeee,,,,, cccccaaaaarrrrr aaaaacccccccccciiiiidddddeeeeennnnntttttsssss aaaaannnnnddddd dddddrrrrrooooowwwwwnnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn fffffrrrrrooooommmmm tttttoooooxxxxxiiiiiccccc ccccchhhhheeeeemmmmmiiiiicccccaaaaalllll BBB)))ttthhheee qqquuuaaannntttiiifffiiiaaabbbllleee
eeeeexxxxxpppppooooosssssuuuuurrrrreeeee..... TTTTTooooo wwwwwhhhhhiiiiiccccchhhhh IIIII sssssaaaaayyyyy::::: WWWWWeeeeellllllllll,,,,, ooooobbbbbvvvvviiiiiooooouuuuussssslllllyyyyy..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt sssssuuuuuccccchhhhh cccccooooonnnnncccccrrrrreeeeettttteeeee
CCC)))aaannn eeeaaarrrttthhhqqquuuaaakkkeee
hhhhhaaaaazzzzzaaaaarrrrrdddddsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee bbbbbeeeeesssssiiiiidddddeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee pppppoooooiiiiinnnnnttttt..... IIIIIttttt’’’’’sssss ttttthhhhheeeee dddddaaaaannnnngggggeeeeerrrrrsssss pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss cccccaaaaannnnn’’’’’ttttt—and
D)unhealthy food
may never—qqqqquuuuuaaaaannnnntttttiiiiifffffyyyyy ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt oooooccccccccccuuuuurrrrr aaaaallllllllll ooooofffff sssssuuuuuddddddddddeeeeennnnn..... TTTTThhhhhaaaaattttt’’’’’sssss wwwwwhhhhhyyyyy IIIII’’’’’vvvvveeeee rrrrriiiiiddddd
PPaassssaaggee TTwwoo
mmmmmmmyyyyyyy cccccccuuuuuuupppppppbbbbbbboooooooaaaaaaarrrrrrrddddddd ooooooofffffff mmmmmmmiiiiiiicccccccrrrrrrrooooooowwwwwwwaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee fffffffooooooooooooooddddddd pppppppaaaaaaaccccccckkkkkkkeeeeeeeddddddd iiiiiiinnnnnnn bbbbbbbaaaaaaagggggggsssssss cccccccoooooooaaaaaaattttttteeeeeeeddddddd wwwwwwwiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhh aaaaaaa
potential cancer-cccccccaaaaaaauuuuuuusssssssiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg sssssssuuuuuuubbbbbbbssssssstttttttaaaaaaannnnnnnccccccceeeeeee,,,,,,, bbbbbbbuuuuuuuttttttt aaaaaaalllllllttttttthhhhhhhooooooouuuuuuuggggggghhhhhhh IIIIIII’’’’’’’vvvvvvveeeeeee llllllliiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeeeddddddd bbbbbbbllllllloooooooccccccckkkkkkksssssss
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
from a major fault line( ))))) fffffooooorrrrr mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn 1111122222 yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss,,,,, IIIII ssssstttttiiiiillllllllll
Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and
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the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the
surface of the problems that patients face daily.
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Primary care should be the backbone of any health care
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system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score
Berkeley.
highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes
B) Berkeley residents are quite contented with their
the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the
surroundings.
primary care physician.
C) The air quality around Berkeley’s school campuses is
A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare
poor.
beneficiaries . The startling finding was that the
D) Parents in Berkeley are over-sensitive to cancer risks average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two
their kids face. primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year.
Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of youdon’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of D)the ever-rising health care costs
careresults in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.
58. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that
How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how
__________.
doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a
medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality A)the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure
or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed ( ). Moreover, the
B)seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors
amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or
C)visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health
surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a
D)the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better
30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care
physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease.
59. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements
Combine this fact with annual government threats to
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indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no
____________________ ..
choice but to increase quantity to boost income.
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Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are
either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further BBBBB)))))iiiiimmmmmppppprrrrrooooovvvvveeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr eeeeexxxxxpppppeeeeerrrrrtttttiiiiissssseeeee aaaaannnnnddddd ssssseeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiiccccceeeee
contributing to the decline of primary care.
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Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how
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heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primarrryyy cccaaarrreee...
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60. WWWWWhhhhhyyyyy dddddooooo mmmmmaaaaannnnnyyyyy nnnnneeeeewwwww mmmmmeeeeedddddiiiiicccccaaaaalllll gggggrrrrraaaaaddddduuuuuaaaaattttteeeeesssss rrrrreeeeefffffuuuuussssseeeee tttttooooo ccccchhhhhoooooooooossssseeeee
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ppppprrrrriiiiimmmmmaaaaarrrrryyyyy cccccaaaaarrrrreeeee aaaaasssss ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr cccccaaaaarrrrreeeeeeeeeerrrrr?????
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AAAAA)))))TTTTThhhhheeeeeyyyyy fffffiiiiinnnnnddddd ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnneeeeeeeeeeddddd fffffooooorrrrr ppppprrrrriiiiimmmmmaaaaarrrrryyyyy cccccaaaaarrrrreeeee dddddeeeeecccccllllliiiiinnnnniiiiinnnnnggggg.....
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How do we fix this problem?
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666111... WWhhaatt ssuuggggeessttiioonn ddooeess tthhee aauutthhoorr ggiivvee iinn oorrddeerr ttoo pprroovviiddee
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better health care?
MMMMMMMaaaaaaakkkkkkkeeeeeee ppppppprrrrrrriiiiiiimmmmmmmaaaaaaarrrrrrryyyyyyy cccccccaaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee mmmmmmmooooooorrrrrrreeeeeee aaaaaaattttttttttttttrrrrrrraaaaaaaccccccctttttttiiiiiiivvvvvvveeeeeee tttttttooooooo mmmmmmmeeeeeeedddddddiiiiiiicccccccaaaaaaalllllll ssssssstttttttuuuuuuudddddddeeeeeeennnnnnntttttttsssssss bbbbbbbyyyyyyy fffffffooooooorrrrrrrgggggggiiiiiiivvvvvvviiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg
ssssssstttttttuuuuuuudddddddeeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt llllllloooooooaaaaaaannnnnnnsssssss fffffffooooooorrrrrrr ttttttthhhhhhhooooooossssssseeeeeee wwwwwwwhhhhhhhooooooo ccccccchhhhhhhoooooooooooooossssssseeeeeee ppppppprrrrrrriiiiiiimmmmmmmaaaaaaarrrrrrryyyyyyy cccccccaaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeee aaaaaaasssssss aaaaaaa cccccccaaaaaaarrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrr aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd A) Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary
rrrrreeeeecccccooooonnnnnccccciiiiillllliiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee mmmmmaaaaarrrrrkkkkkeeeeeddddd dddddiiiiiffffffffffeeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnccccceeeee bbbbbeeeeetttttwwwwweeeeeeeeeennnnn ssssspppppeeeeeccccciiiiiaaaaallllliiiiisssssttttt aaaaannnnnddddd ppppprrrrriiiiimmmmmaaaaarrrrryyyyy care physicians.
care physician salaries.
B)Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.
We’re at a point where primary cccaaarrreee iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd mmmooorrreee ttthhhaaannn eeevvveeerrr...
C)Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.
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D) Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care
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as their major.
chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.
Who will be there to treat them?
52.D) the shrinking primary care resources
57. The author’s chief concern about the current U.S. health care 53.C) the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better
system is __________.
54. A) see more patients at the expense of quality
A)the inadequate training of physicians
55.B) The current system works against primary care
B)the declining number of doctors
56. D) Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care
C)the shrinking primary care resources physicians57.B) The air quality around Berkeley’sschool campuses is poor parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue
( ) to the whole of society as today's children become
58.C) A heated debate
tomorrow's productive citizenry ( ). In fact, by some estimates,
59.D) They didn’t know who to believe
the value of parental investments in children, investments of time
60.D) Daily accidents pose a more serious threat to children
and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross
61. A) the unceertain domestic product. If these investments generate huge social
benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social
support for the family should be that much clearer.
Passage One
2
Questions 51 to 56 are based onthefollowing passage.
52.What do we learn about paid family leave from the
Only two countries in the advanced world provide no
first paragraph?
guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child.
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Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious
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distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I
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wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United
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States—we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
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The United States does have one explicit family policy, the
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Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers
ttthhheee UUUnnniiittteeeddd SSStttaaattteeesss???
to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or
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fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-rrruuunnn pppeeerrrsssooonnnnnneeelll
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management" aaannnddd aaa """dddaaannngggeeerrrooouuusss ppprrreeeccceeedddeeennnttt"""... IIInnn fffaaacccttt,,, eeevvveeerrryyy sssttteeeppp ooofff
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pppaaarrreeennntttaaalll sssuuuppppppooorrrttt???
work-fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiilllllyyyyy bbbbbaaaaalllllaaaaannnnnccccceeeee mmmmmeeeeeaaaaasssssuuuuurrrrreeeeesssss iiiiinnnnntttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee lllllaaaaawwwww,,,,, bbbbbuuuuusssssiiiiinnnnneeeeessssssssss gggggrrrrrooooouuuuupppppsssss hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee
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been strongly opposed.
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laws governing children's welfare?
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A)They fail to ensure children's healthy growth
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B)The fail to provide enough support for parents
needs—pppppaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss tttttooooo ppppprrrrrooooovvvvviiiiidddddeeeee ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr ccccchhhhhiiiiillllldddddrrrrreeeeennnnn wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh cccccooooonnnnntttttiiiiinnnnnuuuuuiiiiitttttyyyyy ooooofffff cccccaaaaarrrrreeeee,,,,,
C)They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities.
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D)They impose the care of children on parents.
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56.Why does the author object to classifying parenting
society expects—and needs—pppaaarrreeennntttsss tttooo pppeeerrrsssiiisssttt iiinnn ttthhheeeiiirrr rrrooollleeesss fffooorrr 111888
as a personal choice?
years, or longer if needed."
A)It is regarded as a legal obligation.
While most parents do this out of love, there are public
B)It relies largely on social support.
penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is
C)It generates huge socialbenefits.
of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for
D)It is basically a social undertaking.
children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of
society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws
Passage Two
that govern children' welfare, yet parents receive little help in
Questions 57 to 62 are based on the following passage.
meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify
A new study from the Center for Information and Research on
parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective
Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University
responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of goodshows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous B)The young generation supports traditionally liberal
generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American causes.
Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists C) Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's
support traditionally liberal causes. But there's no easy way to see election.
what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential D) Young people in America are now more diverse
campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically ideologically.
diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the 58.What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?
reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those A)How Obama is going to live up to young people's
supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further expectations.
into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people B)Whether America is going to change during Obama's
continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they presidency.
gradually drift away? CCC)))WWWhhheeettthhheeerrr yyyooouuunnnggg pppeeeooopppllleee wwwiiillllll cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo sssuuuppppppooort
The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new OObbaammaa''ss ppoolliiccyy..
Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of DDDD))))HHHHoooowwww OOOObbbbaaaammmmaaaa''''ssss aaaaggggeeeennnnddddaaaa iiiissss ggggooooiiiinnnngggg ttttoooo aaaaffffffffeeeecccctttt tttthhhheeee lllliiiiffffeeee ooooffff
young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaannnsss...
next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama 5555599999.....WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt wwwwwiiiiillllllllll ttttthhhhheeeee GGGGGeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn OOOOO bbbbbllllloooooggggggggggeeeeerrrrrsssss wwwwwrrrrriiiiittttteeeee aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt iiiiinnnnn
supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream ttthhheeeiiirrr pppooossstttsss???
America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences AAAAAAA)))))))TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr ooooooowwwwwwwnnnnnnn iiiiiiinnnnnnnttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrrppppppprrrrrrreeeeeeetttttttaaaaaaatttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn ooooooofffffff AAAAAAAmmmmmmmeeeeeeerrrrrrriiiiiiicccccccaaaaaaannnnnnn pppppppooooooollllllliiiiiiitttttttiiiiiiicccccccsssssss.......
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active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-ooolllddd wwwrrriiittteeerrr aaannnddd CCCCC)))))OOOOObbbbbaaaaammmmmaaaaa'''''sssss ppppprrrrreeeeesssssiiiiidddddeeeeennnnncccccyyyyy vvvvviiiiieeeeewwwwweeeeeddddd fffffrrrrrooooommmmm aaaaa ggggglllllooooobbbbbaaaaalllll pppppeeeeerrrrrssssspppppeeeeeccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee.....
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aaasss iiittt hhhaaappppppeeennnsss... AAAmmmuuusssaaa,,, wwwhhhooo iiisss tttrrraaavvveeellliiinnnggg tttooo IIInnndddiiiaaa ttthhhiiisss sssppprrriiinnnggg tttooo fffiiinnniiissshhh 6666600000.....WWWWWhhhhhaaaaattttt aaaaaccccccccccooooouuuuunnnnntttttsssss fffffooooorrrrr ttttthhhhheeeee yyyyyooooouuuuunnnnngggggeeeeerrrrr gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn'''''sssss pppppooooollllliiiiitttttiiiiicccccaaaaalllll
aaaa bbbbooooooookkkk,,,, tttthhhheeeennnn ttttoooo SSSSeeeennnneeeeggggaaaallll ttttoooo tttteeeeaaaacccchhhh EEEEnnnngggglllliiiisssshhhh,,,, hhhhaaaassss oooonnnnggggooooiiiinnnngggg ssstttrrreeennngggttthhh aaaccccccooorrrdddiiinnnggg tttooo PPPrrrooofffeeessssssooorrr HHHeeennnrrryyy FFFlllooorrreeesss???
cccooonnnvvveeerrrsssaaatttiiiooonnnsss wwwiiittthhh hhheeerrr fffrrriiieeennndddsss aaabbbooouuuttt hhhooowww ttthhheee OOObbbaaammmaaa ppprrreeesssiiidddeeennncccyyy AAA)))TTThhheeeiiirrr eeemmmbbbrrraaaccceee ooofff rrraaadddiiicccaaalll iiidddeeeaaasss...
hhhhhaaaaasssss ccccchhhhhaaaaannnnngggggeeeeeddddd ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr dddddaaaaaiiiiilllllyyyyy llllliiiiivvvvveeeeesssss aaaaannnnnddddd hhhhhooooopppppeeeeesssss tttttooooo pppppuuuuuttttt sssssooooommmmmeeeee ooooofffff ttttthhhhhooooossssseeeee iiiiidddddeeeeeaaaaasssss,,,,, B)TTThhheeeiiirrr dddeeesssiiirrreee tttooo ccchhhaaannngggeee AAAmmmeeerrriiicccaaa...
aaaaalllllooooonnnnnggggg wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh hhhhheeeeerrrrr ggggglllllooooobbbbbaaaaalllll pppppeeeeerrrrrssssspppppeeeeeccccctttttiiiiivvvvveeeee,,,,, iiiiinnnnntttttooooo hhhhheeeeerrrrr pppppooooossssstttttsssss..... SSSSShhhhheeeee'''''sssss eeeeexxxxxccccciiiiittttteeeeeddddd CCC)))TTThhheeeiiirrr uuutttiiillliiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt...
bbbbbeeeeecccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee,,,,, aaaaasssss ssssshhhhheeeee pppppuuuuutttttsssss iiiiittttt,,,,, """""IIIII dddddooooonnnnn'''''ttttt hhhhhaaaaavvvvveeeee tttttooooo wwwwwaaaaaiiiiittttt [[[[[uuuuunnnnntttttiiiiilllll]]]]] 1111155555 yyyyyeeeeeaaaaarrrrrsssss fffffrrrrrooooommmmm DDD)))TTThhheeeiiirrr ssstttrrrooonnnggg ssseeennnssseee ooofff rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbiiillliiitttyyy...
now""" tttooo mmmaaakkkeee ssseeennnssseee ooofff ttthhheee wwwooorrrlllddd... 666111...WWWhhhaaattt cccaaannn wwweee iiinnnfffeeerrr fffrrrooommm ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee aaabbbooouuuttt GGGeeennneeerrraaatttiiiooonnn
Henry Floresss,,, aaa pppooollliiitttiiicccaaalll-sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee ppppprrrrrooooofffffeeeeessssssssssooooorrrrr aaaaattttt SSSSSttttt..... MMMMMaaaaarrrrryyyyy'''''sssss X?
UUUUUnnnnniiiiivvvvveeeeerrrrrsssssiiiiitttttyyyyy,,,,, cccccrrrrreeeeedddddiiiiitttttsssss ttttthhhhhiiiiisssss yyyyyooooouuuuunnnnngggggeeeeerrrrr gggggeeeeennnnneeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn'''''sssss pppppooooollllliiiiitttttiiiiicccccaaaaalllll ssssstttttrrrrreeeeennnnngggggttttthhhhh tttttooooo A)They are politically conservative.
ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr eeeeemmmmmbbbbbrrrrraaaaaccccceeeee ooooofffff ttttteeeeeccccchhhhhnnnnnooooolllllooooogggggyyyyy..... """""[[[[[TTTTThhhhheeeee IIIIInnnnnttttteeeeerrrrrnnnnneeeeettttt]]]]] eeeeexxxxxpppppooooossssseeeeesssss ttttthhhhheeeeemmmmm tttttooooo mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee B)They reject conventional values.
ttthhhiiinnnkkkiiinnnggg,,,""" hhheee sssaaayyysss,,, """aaannnddd gggrrrooouuupppsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee llliiikkkeee-mmmiiinnndddeeeddd iiinnn dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt C)They dare to take up challenges.
pppaaarrrtttsss ooofff ttthhheee cccooouuunnntttrrryyy ssstttaaarrrttt tttooo cccooommmeee tttooogggeeettthhheeerrr...""" TTThhhaaattt'''sss eeexxxaaaccctttlllyyy wwwhhhaaattt ttthhheee D)They are indifferent to politics.
GGGeeennneeerrraaatttiiiooonnn OOO bbbllloooggggggeeerrrsss aaarrreee hhhooopppiiinnnggg tttooo dddooo... TTThhheee rrreeesssuuulllttt cccooouuulllddd bbbeee aaa
group of young people that, like their boomer ( Passage 1
) parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose 52. A) “We’re now the only wealthy
and sheds the image of apathy ( ) they've inherited from country without such a policy” A developed
Generation X (60 70 ). It's no small wealthy
challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if 53.D)
ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up
to the task.
2 54. B) Anne Alstott
57.What is the findingof a new study by CIRCLE? “justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a
A)More young voters are going to the polls than before. social good that, in some sense, society must pay for.”As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an
increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever
earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical
55. B) “The state recognizes this in the large contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape,
body of family laws that govern children’s welfare, yet parents embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives
receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a
imposes.” French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of
B individualism” over the last century. The communications
56. D) “To classify parenting as a personal revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of
choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have
to ignore the social benefits of good parenting…” greatly wreaked havoc ( ) on Europeans’ private lives.
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…… collective responsibility tttooowwwaaarrrddd iiinnndddeeepppeeennndddeeennnccceee... TTThhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt gggeeennneeerrraaatttiiiooonnn ooofff hhhooommmeee-aloners
ccccaaaammmmeeee ooooffff aaaaggggeeee dddduuuurrrriiiinnnngggg EEEEuuuurrrrooooppppeeee’’’’ssss sssshhhhiiiifffftttt ffffrrrroooom social democracy to the
ssssshhhhhaaaaarrrrrpppppeeeeerrrrr,,,,, mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee iiiiinnnnndddddiiiiivvvvviiiiiddddduuuuuaaaaallllliiiiissssstttttiiiiiccccc cccccllllliiiiimmmmmaaaaattttteeeee ooooofffff AAAAAmmmmmeeeeerrrrriiiiicccccaaaaannnnn ssssstttttyyyyyllllleeeee cccccaaaaapppppiiiiitttttaaaaallllliiiiisssssmmmmm.....
collective RRRRRaaaaaiiiiissssseeeeeddddd iiiiinnnnn aaaaannnnn eeeeerrrrraaaaa ooooofffff ppppprrrrriiiiivvvvvaaaaatttttiiiiizzzzzaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaassssseeeeeddddd cccccooooonnnnnsssssuuuuummmmmeeeeerrrrr ccccchhhhhoooooiiiiiccccceeeee,,,,,
responsibility D tttooodddaaayyy’’’sss ttteeeccchhh-savvy( ))) wwwooorrrkkkeeerrrsss hhhaaavvveee eeemmmbbbrrraaaccceeeddd aaa fffrrreeeeee
mmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrkkkkkkkkkeeeeeeeeettttttttt iiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnn lllllllllooooooooovvvvvvvvveeeeeeeee aaaaaaaaasssssssss wwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeellllllllllllllllll aaaaaaaaasssssssss eeeeeeeeecccccccccooooooooonnnnnnnnnooooooooommmmmmmmmiiiiiiiiicccccccccsssssssss......... MMMMMMMMMooooooooodddddddddeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrnnn EEEuuurrrooopppeeeaaannnsss aaarrreee rrriiiccchhh
Passage 2 eeeeennnnnooooouuuuuggggghhhhh tttttooooo aaaaaffffffffffooooorrrrrddddd tttttooooo llllliiiiivvvvveeeee aaaaalllllooooonnnnneeeee,,,,, aaaaannnnnddddd ttttteeeeemmmmmpppppeeeeerrrrraaaaammmmmeeeeennnnntttttaaaaallllllllllyyyyy iiiiinnnnndddddeeeeepppppeeeeennnnndddddeeeeennnnnttttt
57 A) CIRCLE eeennnooouuuggghhh tttooo wwwaaannnttt tttooo dddooo sssooo...
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A B eeeiiittthhheeerrr sssiiidddeee ooofff mmmaaarrrrrriiiaaagggeee-tttwwweeennntttyyy sssooommmeeettthhhiiinnnggg ppprrrooofffeeessssssiiiooonnnaaalllsss ooorrr wwwiiidddooowwweeeddd
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58 C) “ ” mmmmaaaakkkkeeee uuuupppp aaaa llllaaaarrrrggggeeee pppprrrrooooppppoooorrrrttttiiiioooonnnn ooooffff tttthhhhoooosssseeee lllliiiivvvviiiinnnngggg aaaalllloooonnnneeee,,,, tttthhhheeee nnnneeeewwwweeeesssstttt ccccrrrroooopppp ooooffff
sssiiinnngggllleeesss aaarrreee hhhiiiggghhh eeeaaarrrnnneeerrrsss iiinnn ttthhheeeiiirrr 333000sss aaannnddd 444000sss wwwhhhooo iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy vvviiieeewww
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59 D) “ ” nnneeegggaaatttiiivvveee--ddaarrkk aanndd ccoolldd,, wwhhiillee bbeeiinngg ttooggeetthheerr ssuuggggeesstteedd wwaarrmmtthh aanndd
llliiiggghhhttt... BBBuuuttt ttthhheeennn cccaaammmeee aaalllooonnnggg ttthhheee iiidddeeeaaa ooofff sssiiinnngggllleeesss... TTThhheeeyyy wwweeerrreee yyyooouuunnnggg,,,
bbbeeeaaauuutttiiifffuuulll,,, ssstttrrrooonnnggg!!! NNNooowww,,, yyyooouuunnnggg pppeeeooopppllleee wwwaaannnttt tttooo llliiivvveee aaalllooonnneee...
The booming economy means people are working harder than
60 C) Henry Flores ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi
Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris,
says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work.
C “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly
61 D) “““bbboooooommmeeerrr””” difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his
apathy “X” lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The
D Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new
individualism means that people expect more and more of mates,
1 so relationships don’t last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a
blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the
mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for
going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to
do what her mother did---give up a career to raise a family. Instead,
Passage Two “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. 16. More and more young Europeans remain singlebecause . “Europe’s new
A)they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward
B)they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age independence. The current generation of home-aloners
C)they have embraced a business culture of stability came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy
D)they are pessimistic about their economic future to the sharper, more individualistic climate of
17.What is said about European society in the passage? American-style capitalism”
A)It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B)It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C)It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. B A C D
D)It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
18. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles 18. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are___.
are . D
A)warm and lighthearted B)on either side of marriage “newest”
C)negative and gloomy D)healthy and wealthy “““………ttthhheee nnneeewwweeesssttt ccrroopp ooff ssiinngglleess aarree hhiigghh eeaarrnneerrss iinn tthheeiirr
19.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that . 3333300000sssss aaaaannnnnddddd 4444400000sssss wwwwwhhhhhooooo iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaasssssiiiiinnnnnggggglllllyyyyy vvvvviiiiieeeeewwwww llllliiiiivvvvviiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaalllllooooonnnnneeeee aaaaasssss aaaaa
A)some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom lllliiiiffffeeeessssttttyyyylllleeee cccchhhhooooiiiicccceeee....””””
B) the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day “““hhhiiiggghhh eeeaaarrrnnneeerrrsss”””
Europe “““TTThhheeeyyy wwweeerrreee yyyooouuunnnggg,,, bbbeeeaaauuutttiiifffuuulll,,, ssstttrrrooonnnggg!!!”””
CCC))) sssooommmeee ppprrrooofffeeessssssiiiooonnnaaalll pppeeeooopppllleee hhhaaavvveee tttoooooo mmmuuuccchhh wwwooorrrkkk tttooo dddooo tttooo fffeeeeeelll DDD
lonely lllll99999..... TTTTThhhhheeeee aaaaauuuuuttttthhhhhooooorrrrr qqqqquuuuuooooottttteeeeesssss EEEEEppppppppppeeeeennnnndddddooooorrrrrfffff tttttooooo ssssshhhhhooooowwwww ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt _______________.....
DDD)))mmmooosssttt EEEuuurrrooopppeeeaaannnsss cccooonnnccceeeiiivvveee llliiivvviiinnnggg aaa sssiiinnngggllleee llliiifffeee aaasss uuunnnaaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee AAA
222000...WWWhhhaaattt iiisss ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr’’’sss pppuuurrrpppooossseee iiinnn wwwrrriiitttiiinnnggg ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee??? “““EEEppppppeeennndddooorrrfff”””
AAA)))TTTooo rrreeevvviiieeewww ttthhheee iiimmmpppaaacccttt ooofff wwwooommmeeennn bbbeeecccooommmiiinnnggg hhhiiiggghhh eeeaaarrrnnneeerrrsss... “Instead, ‘I’ve always done what I
BBB)))TTTooo cccooonnnttteeemmmppplllaaattteee ttthhheee ppphhhiiilllooosssoooppphhhyyy uuunnndddeeerrrlllyyyiiinnnggg iiinnndddiiivvviiiddduuuaaallliiisssmmm... wwwaaannnttteeeddd tttooo dddooo::: llliiivvveee aaa ssseeelllfff-determined life.’”
CCC)))TTTooo eeexxxaaammmiiinnneee ttthhheee tttrrreeennnddd ooofff yyyooouuunnnggg pppeeeooopppllleee llliiivvviiinnnggg aaalllooonnneee... EEEppppppeeennndddooorrrfff
DDD)))TTTooo ssstttrrreeessssss ttthhheee rrreeebbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg ooofff pppeeerrrsssooonnnaaalll rrreeelllaaatttiiiooonnnssshhhiiipppsss... AAA
222000...WWWhhhaaattt iiisss ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr'''sss pppuuurrrpppooossseee iiinnn wwwrrriiitttiiinnnggg ttthhheee pppaaassssssaaagggeee???
1111166666.....MMMMMooooorrrrreeeee aaaaannnnnddddd mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee yyyyyooooouuuuunnnnnggggg EEEEEuuuuurrrrrooooopppppeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss rrrrreeeeemmmmmaaaaaiiiiinnnnn sssssiiiiinnnnngggggllllleeeee bbbbbeeeeecccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee_______________. C
A
“““““yyyyyooooouuuuunnnnnggggg EEEEEuuuuurrrrrooooopppppeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss”””””
“““““BBBBBuuuuuttttt aaaaannnnn iiiiinnnnncccccrrrrreeeeeaaaaasssssiiiiinnnnnggggg nnnnnuuuuummmmmbbbbbeeeeerrrrr ooooofffff EEEEEuuuuurrrrrooooopppppeeeeeaaaaannnnnsssss aaaaarrrrreeeee ccccchhhhhoooooooooosssssiiiiinnnnnggggg tttttooooo C
be so at aaannn eeevvveeerrr eeeaaarrrllliiieeerrr aaagggeee..”” B “ ”
“““………bbbuuuttt aaa fffaaacccttt ooofff
EEEuuurrrooopppeee’’’sss nnneeewww eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc lllaaannndddssscccaaapppeee,,, .........”””
“““TTThhheee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss rrreeevvvooollluuutttiiiooonnn,,, ttthhhe Passage Three
shift from a business culture of stability to one of Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
mobility and the mass entry of women into the Throughout the nation’s more than 15,000 school districts,
workforce” B C) D A widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have
“The shift away from family life to solo emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new
lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the international analysis suggests that this variability has instead
‘irresistible momentum of individualism’over the last contributed to lackluster ( ) achievement scores by U.S.
century.” children relative to their peers in other developed countries.
A Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State
17.What is said about European society in the passage? University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually
B coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math orscience.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and ________.
fundamentally flawed." A)it lacks a coordinated national program
The new analysis, released this week by the National Science B)it sets avery low academic standard for students
Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about C)it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers
50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and D)it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school
Science Study. subjects
Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary 33. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile
among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S.
appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s educational practice ________.
curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers’ activities. This contrasts A)lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity
sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other B)offers an environment for comprehensive education
countries. CCC)))eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeeesss llleeeaaarrrnnniiinnnggg bbbooottthhh iiinnn dddeeepppttthhh aaannnddd iiinnn ssscccooopppeee
On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and DDD)))ssscccrrraaatttccchhheeesss ttthhheee sssuuurrrfffaaaccceee ooofff aaa wwwiiidddeee rrraaannngggeee ooofff tttooopppiiicccsss
math than their international counterparts do. This creates an 33334444....TTTThhhheeee nnnneeeewwww NNNNaaaattttiiiioooonnnnaaaallll SSSScccciiiieeeennnncccceeee EEEEdddduuuuccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn SSSSttttaaaannnnddddaaaarrrrddddssss aaaarrrreeee ggggoooooooodddd nnnneeeewwwwssss
educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," iiinnn ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeeyyy wwwiiillllll ________________________...
Schmidt notes. AAAAA)))))ppppprrrrrooooovvvvviiiiidddddeeeee dddddeeeeepppppttttthhhhh tttttooooo sssssccccchhhhhoooooooooolllll sssssccccciiiiieeeeennnnnccccceeeee eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn
For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 BBBBBBB)))))))sssssssooooooolllllllvvvvvvveeeeeee mmmmmmmooooooosssssssttttttt ooooooofffffff ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee ppppppprrrrrrrooooooobbbbbbbllllllleeeeeeemmmmmmmsssssss iiiiiiinnnnnnn sssssssccccccchhhhhhhoooooooooooooolllllll ttttttteeeeeeeaaaaaaaccccccchhhhhhhiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg
topics in math versusjust 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the CCCCCCC)))))))bbbbbbbeeeeeee aaaaaaabbbbbbbllllllleeeeeee tttttttooooooo mmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeettttttt ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee dddddddeeeeeeemmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnndddddddsssssss ooooooofffffff ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee cccccccooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmuuuuuuunnnnnnniiiiiiitttttttyyyyyyy
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systems "share our pattern of splintered ( ))) vvviiisssiiiooonnnsss""" bbbuuuttt BBBB))))nnnnooootttt eeeennnnoooouuuugggghhhh eeeedddduuuuccccaaaattttoooorrrrssss hhhhaaaavvvveeee rrrreeeeaaaalllliiiizzzzeeeedddd tttthhhheeee nnnneeeecccceeeessssssssiiiittttyyyy ffffoooorrrr ddddooooiiiinnnngggg ssssoooo
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SSSSStttttaaaaannnnndddddaaaaarrrrrdddddsssss ppppprrrrrooooovvvvviiiiidddddeeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt fffffooooocccccuuuuussssseeeeeddddd vvvvviiiiisssssiiiiiooooonnnnn,,,,,""""" iiiiinnnnncccccllllluuuuudddddiiiiinnnnnggggg ttttthhhhheeeee cccccaaaaallllllllll """""tttttooooo dddddooooo
llleeessssss,,, bbbuuuttt iiinnn gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr dddeeepppttthhh...""" PPPassage Three
IIIIIIImmmmmmmpppppppllllllleeeeeeemmmmmmmeeeeeeennnnnnntttttttiiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee nnnnnnneeeeeeewwwwwww sssssssccccccciiiiiiieeeeeeennnnnnnccccccceeeeeee ssssssstttttttaaaaaaannnnnnndddddddaaaaaaarrrrrrrdddddddsssssss aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr mmmmmmmaaaaaaattttttthhhhhhh 31 According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in
counterparts will be the chhhhhaaaaalllllllllleeeeennnnngggggeeeee,,,,, hhhhheeeee aaaaannnnnddddd SSSSSccccchhhhhmmmmmiiiiidddddttttt aaaaagggggrrrrreeeeeeeeee,,,,, bbbbbeeeeecccccaaaaauuuuussssseeeee America is ________.
ttttthhhhheeeee dddddeeeeeccccceeeeennnnntttttrrrrraaaaallllliiiiizzzzzeeeeeddddd rrrrreeeeessssspppppooooonnnnnsssssiiiiibbbbbiiiiillllliiiiitttttyyyyy fffffooooorrrrr eeeeeddddduuuuucccccaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn iiiiinnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee UUUUUnnnnniiiiittttteeeeeddddd SSSSStttttaaaaattttteeeeesssss B
rrrrreeeeeqqqqquuuuuiiiiirrrrreeeeesssss ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt aaaaannnnnyyyyy rrrrreeeeefffffooooorrrrrmmmmmsssss bbbbbeeeee tttttaaaaaiiiiilllllooooorrrrreeeeeddddd aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiinnnnnssssstttttiiiiitttttuuuuuttttteeeeeddddd ooooonnnnneeeee cccccooooommmmmmmmmmuuuuunnnnniiiiitttttyyyyy “the teaching of science and math”
at a time. “…widely differing
IIInnn fffaaacccttt,,, SSSccchhhmmmiiidddttt aaarrrggguuueeesss,,, rrreeefffooorrrmmmsss sssuuuccchhh aaasss ttthhheeessseee ppprrrooopppooossseeeddd approaches to teaching science and math have emerged.
national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even Though there can be strength in diversity…”
though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one
more voice in the babble ( )." B
31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in 32 The fundamental flaw of American school education is that
America is ________. ________.
A)focused on tapping students’ potential A
B)characterized by its diversity “fundamental flaw”
C)losing its vitality gradually “but there appears to be little strategic
D)going downhill in recent years focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks,
32. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that or its teachers’ activities. This contrasts sharply withthe coordinated national programs of most other survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into
countries.” its dark grave and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for
“ ” A more than half a century.
33 By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has
wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000
educational practice ________. children - with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month.
D The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on
“On average, U.S. students study more the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives
topics within science and math than their international the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it,
counterparts do.” “‘The new not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The
National Science Education Standards provide that reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the
focused vision,’ including the call ‘to do less, but in weekly Die Woche::: """BBBeeecccaaauuussseee ttthhheee cccrrriiimmmeeesss wwweee GGGeeerrrmmmaaannnsss aaarrreee
greater depth.’” rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbllleee fffooorrr wwweeerrreee aaannnddd aaarrreee sssooo dddooommmiiinnnaaannnttt,,, wwweee dddiiidddnnn'''ttt hhhaaavvveee ttthhheee
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34 The new National Science Education Standards are good TTTTThhhhheeeee lllllooooonnnnnggggg sssssiiiiillllleeeeennnnnccccceeeee aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt ttttthhhhheeeee sssssiiiiinnnnnkkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee WWWWWiiiiilllllhhhhheeeeelllllmmmmm GGGGGuuuuussssstttttllllloooooffffffffff
news in that they will____. wwwwwaaaaasssss ppppprrrrrooooobbbbbaaaaabbbbblllllyyyyy uuuuunnnnnaaaaavvvvvoooooiiiiidddddaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee --- aaannnddd nnneeeccceeessssssaaarrryyy... BBByyy uuunnnrrreeessseeerrrvvveeedddlllyyy
A ooooooowwwwwwwnnnnnnniiiiiiinnnnnnnggggggg uuuuuuuppppppp tttttttooooooo ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr cccccccooooooouuuuuuunnnnnnntttttttrrrrrrryyyyyyy’’’’’’’sssssss mmmmmmmooooooonnnnnnnssssssstttttttrrrrrrrooooooouuuuuuusssssss cccccccrrrrrrriiiiiiimmmmmmmeeeeeeesssssss iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee SSSSSSSeeeeeeecccccccooooooonnnnnnnddddddd WWWWWWWooooooorrrrrrrlllllllddddddd
“The new National Science Education WWWWWWWaaaaaaarrrrrrr,,,,,,, GGGGGGGeeeeeeerrrrrrrmmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnnsssssss hhhhhhhaaaaaaavvvvvvveeeeeee mmmmmmmaaaaaaannnnnnnaaaaaaagggggggeeeeeeeddddddd tttttttooooooo wwwwwwwiiiiiiinnnnnnn aaaaaaacccccccccccccceeeeeeeppppppptttttttaaaaaaannnnnnnccccccceeeeeee aaaaaaabbbbbbbrrrrrrroad,
Standards” “““‘‘‘TTThhheee nnneeewww marginalize ( ......... )) tthhee nneeoo-- NNNaaazzziiisss aaattt hhhooommmeee aaannnddd mmmaaakkkeee
National Scienccceee EEEddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn SSStttaaannndddaaarrrdddsss ppprrrooovvviiidddeee ttthhhaaattt pppppeeeeeaaaaaccccceeeee wwwwwiiiiittttthhhhh ttttthhhhheeeeeiiiiirrrrr nnnnneeeeeiiiiiggggghhhhhbbbbbooooorrrrrsssss..... TTTTTooooodddddaaaaayyyyy’’’’’sssss uuuuunnnnniiiiifffffiiiiieeeeeddddd GGGGGeeeeerrrrrmmmmmaaaaannnnnyyyyy iiiiisssss mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee
fffooocccuuussseeeddd vvviiisssiiiooonnn,,,’’’ iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg ttthhheee cccaaallllll ‘‘‘tttooo dddooo llleeessssss,,, bbbuuuttt iiinnn ppppprrrrrooooossssspppppeeeeerrrrrooooouuuuusssss aaaaannnnnddddd ssssstttttaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee ttttthhhhhaaaaannnnn aaaaattttt aaaaannnnnyyyyy tttttiiiiimmmmmeeeee iiiiinnnnn iiiiitttttsssss lllllooooonnnnnggggg,,,,, tttttrrrrrooooouuuuubbbbbllllleeeeeddddd hhhhhiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrryyyyy.....
greater depth.’” A FFFFFooooorrrrr ttttthhhhhaaaaattttt,,,,, aaaaa hhhhhaaaaalllllfffff ccccceeeeennnnntttttuuuuurrrrryyyyy ooooofffff wwwwwiiiiillllllllllfffffuuuuulllll fffffooooorrrrrgggggeeeeettttttttttiiiiinnnnnggggg aaaaabbbbbooooouuuuuttttt pppppaaaaaiiiiinnnnnfffffuuuuulllll mmmmmeeeeemmmmmooooories
35 PPPuuuttttttiiinnnggg ttthhheee nnneeewww sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd mmmaaattthhh ssstttaaannndddaaarrrdddsss iiinnntttooo ppprrraaaccctttiiiccceee wwwiiillllll llllliiiiikkkkkeeeee ttttthhhhheeeee GGGGGeeeeerrrrrmmmmmaaaaannnnn TTTTTiiiiitttttaaaaannnnniiiiiccccc wwwwwaaaaasssss pppppeeeeerrrrrhhhhhaaaaapppppsssss aaaaa rrrrreeeeeaaaaasssssooooonnnnnaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee ppppprrrrriiiiiccccceeeee tttttooooo pppppaaaaayyyyy..... BBBBBuuuuuttttt
prove difficult because ________. eeeevvvveeeennnn tttthhhheeee mmmmoooosssstttt ppppoooolllliiiittttiiiiccccaaaallllllllyyyy ccccoooorrrrrrrreeeecccctttt GGGGeeeerrrrmmmmaaaannnnssss bbbbeeeelllliiiieeeevvvveeee tttthhhhaaaatttt tttthhhheeeeyyyy’’’’rrrreeee nnnnoooowwww
A eeeaaarrrnnneeeddd ttthhheee rrriiiggghhhttt tttooo dddiiissscccuuussssss ttthhheee fffuuullllll hhhiiissstttooorrriiicccaaalll rrreeecccooorrrddd... NNNooottt tttooo eeeqqquuuaaattteee
“““bbbeeecccaaauuussseee eeevvveeennn ttthhhooouuuggghhh ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee GGGeeerrrmmmaaannn sssuuuffffffeeerrriiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh ttthhhaaattt ooofff iiitttsss vvviiiccctttiiimmmsss,,, bbbuuuttt simply to
iiiiinnnnnttttteeeeelllllllllleeeeeccccctttttuuuuuaaaaallllllllllyyyyy cccccooooohhhhheeeeerrrrreeeeennnnnttttt,,,,, eeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhh bbbbbeeeeecccccooooommmmmeeeeesssss ooooonnnnnlllllyyyyy ooooonnnnneeeee mmmmmooooorrrrreeeee aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaa ttteeerrrrrriiibbbllleee tttrrraaagggeeedddyyy...
vvvoooiiiccceee iiinnn ttthhheee bbbaaabbbbbbllleee ((( ).” 222111... WWWhhhyyy dddoooeeesss ttthhheee aaauuuttthhhooorrr sssaaayyy ttthhheee sssiiinnnkkkiiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheee WWWiiilllhhheeelllmmm GGGuuussstttllloooffffff
was the worst tragedy in maritime history?
A A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.
B) Most of its passengers were frozen to death.
Passage One C) Its victimswere mostly women and children.
QQQQQuuuuueeeeessssstttttiiiiiooooonnnnnsssss 2222211111 tttttooooo 2222255555 aaaaarrrrreeeee bbbbbaaaaassssseeeeeddddd ooooonnnnn ttttthhhhheeeee fffffooooollllllllllooooowwwwwiiiiinnnnnggggg pppppaaaaassssssssssaaaaagggggeeeee..... D) It caused the largest number of casualties.
IIIttt wwwaaasss ttthhheee wwwooorrrsssttt tttrrraaagggeeedddyyy iiinnn mmmaaarrriiitttiiimmmeee ((( ) history, six 22. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when ______.
tttiiimmmeeesss mmmooorrreee dddeeeaaadddlllyyy ttthhhaaannn ttthhheee TTTiiitttaaannniiiccc... WWWhhheeennn ttthhheee GGGeeerrrmmmaaannn cccrrruuuiiissseee ssshhhiiippp A) a strong ice storm tilted the ship
Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes ( ) fired from a Russian B) the cruise ship sank all of a sudden
submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,00 0 C) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side
people - mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats
Red Army push into Nazi Germany - were packed aboard. An ice 23. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more
storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of than half a century because Germans ______.
families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. A) were eager to win international acceptance
Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who B) felt guilty for their crimes in World War II
succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try C) had been pressured to keep silent about it
to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. I’ll never D) were afraid of offending their neighbors
forget the screams," says Christa Nutzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 24. How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the WilhelmGustloff tragedy?
A) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack. “…its heroine is a pregnant young woman who
B) By describing the ship’s sinking in great detail. survives the catastrophe only to say later”
C) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche. Grass
D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.
25. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think 25 It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think
that ______. that ______.
A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm A
Gustloff tragedy “But even the most politically
B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for correct Germans believe that they’re now earned the
the nation’s past misdeeds right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate
C) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed GGGeeerrrmmmaaannn sssuuuffffffeeerrriiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh ttthhhaaattt ooofff iiitttsss vvviiiccctttiiimmmsss,,, bbbuuuttt sssiiimmmppplllyyy tttooo
in World War II ackkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaa ttteeerrrrrriiibbbllleee tttrrraaagggeeedddyyy”””
D) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other
countries A
Passage One
21 Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff
was the worst tragedyin maritime history?
D
“WWWiiilllhhheeelllmmm GGGuuussstttllloooffffff wwwaaasss ttthhheee wwwooorrrsssttt tttrrraaagggeeedddyyy”
“It was theee wwwooorrrsssttt tttrrraaagggeeedddyyy iiinnn mmmaaarrriiitttiiimmmeee
( ))) hhhiiissstttooorrryyy,,, sssiiixxx tttiiimmmeeesss mmmooorrreee dddeeeaaadddlllyyy ttthhhaaannn ttthhheee
Titanic”
D
22 HHHuuunnndddrrreeedddsss ooofff fffaaammmiiillliiieeesss dddrrroooppppppeeeddd iiinnntttooo ttthhheee ssseeeaaa wwwhhheeennn __________________...
C
““““AAAAnnnn iiiicccceeee ssssttttoooorrrrmmmm hhhhaaaadddd
tttttttuuuuuuurrrrrrrnnnnnnneeeeeeeddddddd ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee dddddddeeeeeeeccccccckkkkkkksssssss iiiiiiinnnnnnntttttttooooooo fffffffrrrrrrrooooooozzzzzzzeeeeeeennnnnnn ssssssshhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeetttttttsssssss ttttttthhhhhhhaaaaaaattttttt ssssssseeeeeeennnnnnnttttttt hhhhhhhuuuuuuunnnnnnndddddddrrrrrrreeeeeeedddddddsssssss
ooooofffff fffffaaaaammmmmiiiiillllliiiiieeeeesssss sssssllllliiiiidddddiiiiinnnnnggggg iiiiinnnnntttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee ssssseeeeeaaaaa aaaaasssss ttttthhhhheeeee ssssshhhhhiiiiippppp tttttiiiiilllllttttteeeeeddddd aaaaannnnnddddd
began to go down”
C
23 The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was llliiittttttllleee tttaaalllkkkeeeddd aaabbbooouuuttt for more
than half a century because GGGeeerrrmmmaaannnsss __________________...
B
“little talked about” Grass
“Because the
crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so
dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell of our
own sufferings.”
B
24 How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm
Gustloff tragedy?
D
