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22002200年年1122月月大大学学英英语语六六级级试试题题第第22套套
Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you
Directions : In thi,s section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you
will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A A ) ) ,B, )B,C) ),a nCd) D a ) n . d T D he ) n . T m h a e r n k m t a h r e k c th o e r r co e r s r p es o p n o d n i d n in g g l l e et t te t r e r on oAn nAsnwsweerr S Shheeeett 1 1 w i w th i h a a
single line through the centre.
single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1.1A.)A A) Adr idvriivnign gt etesstt.. C)C )TrTarfafffiicc rroouutteess..
B)B )AA v viiddeeoo ggaammee.. D) D C ) a C r a g r o g o l o l g o i g s i t st i i c c s s. .
2.2 .AA) )H eH feo ufondu nidt iitn isntsrtrucutcitvive ea andn dr eraelailissttiicc..
BB) )HHe eb obuoguhgth ti tit wwhhene nt toouurriinngg EEuurrooppee..
C)C )HeH wea sw arse arlelayll yd rdarwanw tno toit ist so oththeerr vveerrssiioonnss..
D)D H)eH ien tirnotrdoucdeudc eidt itto t oh ihsi sb rbortohtehre rl alasstt yyeeaarr..
3. A) Traveling all over the country.
3. A) Traveling all over the country.
BB) )DrDirviivning gf rfroomm o noen ec ictiyty ttoo aannootthheerr..
C)C )ThTeh dee tdaeitalisl si nin tthhee ddrriivviinngg ssiimmuulalattoorr..
DD)T)heT hkeey k reoyl ero olef otfh eth leo gloigstisiticcss iinndduussttryry..
4.4 .AA) )C lCelaerareerr rrooaadd ssiiggnnss..
BB) )MoMreo rpee poepolep led rdirviivning gs saaffeellyy..
CC) )StSrtriicctteerr trtaafffific rruulleess..
D) More self-driving trucks on the road.
D) More self-driving trucks on the road.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.5A.)A I)t Iti sisnn't't ssoo eennjjooyyaabbllee aass hhee eexxppeecctteedd..
B)B )ItI t iissnn''tt ssoo mmoottiivvaattiinngg aass hhee bbeelliieevveedd..
CC)I)tI td odeosens'nt't eennaabbllee hhiimm ttoo eearnam aass mmuucchh mmoonenye ya sa s hhee uusseedd ttoo..
DD)I)t Idt odeosens'nt' ts seeeemm t ot oo fofffeerr aass mmuucch hf frreeeeddoomm a sa sh eh ea natniticciippaatteedd..
6.6A.)ANo) tN aoltl a lolf o tfh tehme mca craer ea baobuotu tt htheeiirr eemmppllooyyeeeess'' bbeehhaavviioorrss..
BB) )FeFwe wo fo ft htehme mar aer ea waawraer eo fo ft htheierir eemmpploloyyeeeess''f efeeelliinnggss..
CC) )FeFwe wo fo ft htehme mo fofffere rp prraaiissee aanndd rreewwaarrdd ttoo tthheeiir reemmppllooyyeeeess..
DD)N)oNt oatl la llo fo ft thheemm l knnowo wh ohwo wto tomo mtiovtaivtaet et htheeiirr eemmppllooyyeeeess..
6·1
6 · 17,7A. )A J)o Jbo bsa staitsifsfaaccttiioonn.. C) C ) A A u u t t o o n no o m my y. .
B) Self-awareness. D)Money.
B) Self-awareness. D) Money.
8.8A. )A T)h eT hiem piomrtpaonrctea nocfe coufl tciuvltaitviantgin gcl cosloes er erlealtaitioonnsshhiippss wwitithh cclliieennttss..
BB) )T.Theh en eneede df ofro r ggeettttiinngg rreeccoommmmenednadtaitioonnss ffrroomm tthheeiirr mmaannaaggeerrss..
CC) )T Theh ea davdavnatnatgaegse s oof f ppeerrmmaannenetn t ffuullll--titmimee eemmppllooyymmeenntt..
DD) )T hTeh ew awy atyo teox pelxoprleo reem eplmopyleoeyse' eis'n tinerteersetsst s aannd dt taalleennttss..
Section B
Sectjon B
Directions;In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three
Dir~ctions : In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage , you will hear three
or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you
or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hheaera ra a qquueeststiioonn,,y youo um umsuts tc hchoooosese tthhee bbeesstt aannsswweerr f rformom t hteh efo ufor ucrh ocihcoeis cmesa rmkaerdk eAd) A, )B,)B ), ,CC))
aanndd DD)、) . ThTehne nm amrakr kt hteh ec ocrorrreessppoonnddiinngg lleetttetr ero no nA nAnsswweerr SShheeeet t 11wi wthit ha as isnignlgele lliinnee
through the centre.
through the centre.
QuQeusetsitoinosn s9 9 t too 1111 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee ppaassssaaggee yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
9.9A. )A C)o nCsounmesrusm veirss uvailsiuzael itzhee ithre airc taicvtiivtiiteiess iinn ddiiffffeerreenntt wweeaatthheerr..
B)B )G oGoodo wde watehaetrh etrr tirgigggeerrss ccoonnssuummeresr's'd edseisriree ttoo ggoo sshhooppppiinngg..
CC) )W Weatehaethre rc ocnodnidtiitoionnss iinnfflluueennccee ccoonnssuummeersrs'' bbuuyyiinngg bbeehhaavviioorr..
D) Consumers'mental states change with the prices of goods.
D) Consumers' mental states change with the prices of goods.
10. A) Active consumption. C) Individual association.
10. A) Active consumption. C) Individual association.
B) Direct corelation. D) Mental visualization.
B) Direct correlation. D) Mental visualization.
111.1 . AA)E) nEabnlaibnlgin gt htehme mto tos ismipmlpifliyf yt htheeiirr mmaatthheemmataiticcaall ffoorrmmuullaass..
B)B )H eHleplipnign gt htehme mde dteetremrimnein ew hwath atto tos eslell l aanndd a att wwhhata t pprriiccee..
C) Enabling them to sell their products at a higher price.
C) Enabling them to sell their products at a higher price.
D)D )H eHlpeilpngin gth tehme mad vaedrvteirsteis ea ag rgeraetaetre rv varairieettyy ooff pprroodduuccttss..
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
112.2 . AA) )A An antautruarlallyl yv evnetnitlilaatteedd ooffffiiccee iiss mmoorree ccoommffoorrttaabbllee..
B)B )A Ac ocoolo ol foffifcicee wwililll bboooosstt eemmppllooyyeeeess''p rporodudcutcitviviittyy..
C)C )O fOffifciec ea aiirr--ccoonnddiittiioonniinngg sshhoouulldd ffoolllolwow gguuiiddeebbooookkss..
DD) )A iAri-rc-ocnodnidtiitoinoinnign gi mipmrpovroesv evse nvteinltailtaitoion ni nin t thhee ooffffiiccee..
1133. . AA)P)e Popeloep lien inth ethieri rc ocmofmorfto rzt oznoen oef otfe tmepmerpaetruarteu raer ea rmeo mreo srea tsiastfiisfeide dw iwthit ht htehieri r pprroodducutcitivviittyy..
BB) )P Peoepolpel ei ni nd idfifffeerreenntt ccoouunnttrriieess vvaarryy iinn tthheeiirr totolelrearnacncee t ot ou nunccoommffoorrttaabbllee tteemmppeerraattuurreess..
CC) )T wTewnteyn-tytw-tow doe gdreegerse eiss ist hteh eo potpitmimala lt etemmpepreartautruer ef foorr ooffffiiccee wwoorrkkeerrss..
DD) )T hTehreer ei si sa a rraanngge eo of ft teemmpepreartautruerse sf foorr ppeeoopplele ttoo ffeeeell ccoommffoorrttaabbllee..
6,2
(I , 2114.4 . AA)I) tI tw wililll hhaavvee nnoo nneeggaattiivvee iimmppaacctt oonn wwoorrkk..
BB) )I tI t wwililll bbee iimmmmedeidaitaetellyy nnoottiicceeaabbllee..
CC) )I tI t wwililll sshhaarrppllyy ddeeccrreeaassee wwoorrkk e effffiicciieennccyy..
D)D )I tI tw wililll ccaauussee aa lloott ooff ddiissccoommffoorrtt..
15. A) They tend to favor lower temperatures.
15. A) They tend to favor lower temperatures.
BB) )T hTehye ys usfuffefre r ffrroomm rraappiidd tteemmppeerraattuurree cchhaannggeess..
CC) )T Thehye ya raer en noto tb bootthheerreedd bbyy tteemmppeerraattuurree eexxttrreemmeess..
DD) )T hTehye ybe bceocmoe mlee slse ssse snesnistiitvivee ttoo hhiigghh tteemmppeerraattuurreess..
Section C
Section C
Directions:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four
Directions: In thi,s section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four
questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you heara question,you must
questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Then mark the
co c r o r r e re s s p p o o n n di d n in g g l l e e t tt t e e r r o n on A Annsswwere rS hSehete e1tw i1t h w i a t h s i a n g si l n e g l l e i n li e n e t h t r h o r u o g u h g h t h th e e c c e e n n t t r r e e . .
QuQeusetsitoinosn s1 61 6t too 1188 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee rreeccoorrddiinngg yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
161.6 . AA) )I tIt oovveerrllooookkeedd t thhee ppoossssiibbiilliittyy tthhaat te memoottiioonnss mmaayy bbee ccoonnttrroolllleedd..
BB) )I tI t iiggnnoorreedd t thhee ffaacctt tthhaatt eemmoottiioonnss aarree ppeerrssoonnaall aanndd ssuubbjjeeccttiivvee..
C)C )I tI tc cllaassssiiffiieedd eemmoottiioonnss ssiimmplpyly a sa se eitithheerr ppoossiittiivvee oorr nneeggaattiivvee..
DD) )I tI t mmeaesausruerde dp opsoistitiivvee aanndd nneeggaattiivvee eemmoottiioonnss iinnddeeppeennddeennttllyy..
117.7A. )A S)i tStititning ga laolonnee w witihthouotu td doioning ga nayntyhtihning gs eseemeemde rde raelallyl yd idsisttrreessssiinngg..
BB) )S oSloiltiutudde ea advdevresresleyly a affffeecctteedd tthhee ppaarrttiicciippaannttss' 'mmeennttaall wweellll--bbeeiinngg..
C)C )S iStittitinngg aalloonnee ffoorr 1155 mminiuntuetse sm amdaed teh eth pea prtairtciicpiapnatnst sr reessttlleessss..
DD) )S oSloiltiutudde eh hada da ar eredducutcitivvee eeffffeecctt oonn hhiigghh--aarroouussaall eemmoottiioonnss..
18.A) It proved hard to depict objectively.
18. A) It proved hard to depict objectively.
B)B )I tIt wweennt t hhaanndd iinn hhaanndd wwiitthh ssaaddnneessss..
CC) )I tIt hheellppeedd iinnccrreeaassee llooww--aarroouussaall eemmoottiioonnss..
D)D I) tI tt etennddede dt oto iinntteennssiiffyy nneeggaattiivvee eemmoottiioonnss..
QuQeusetsitoinosn s1 19 9t too 2211 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee rreeccoorrddiinngg yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
119.9 . AA)I)t I tu suesse su up pm umcuh clhe sless se neenregryg yt htahna ni ti t ddooeess iinn ddeeeepp tthhiinnkkiinngg..
BB)I)t Irt ermeaminasin si niancatcitvive ew iwtihtohuotu tb ubrunrinnign gc aclaolroireiess nnoottiicceeaabbllyy..
CC) )I tI t ccoonntitinnuueess ttoo bbuurrnn uupp c aclaolorriieess ttoo hheellpp uuss ssttaayy iinn sshhaappee..
D)DI)t Icto cnosnumsuesm easl m:aolsmt oas t qau aqrutaerrt eorf o tfh teh eb obdoyd'ys' st otottaall eenneerrggyy..
6·3
6 • j220.0A. )AMu)c Mh uocfh t ohef tchoen scuomnpstuimonp tihoans hnaost hniontgh intog dtoo dwoi twh itcho ncsocnisocuiso uasc taicvtiivtitiieess..
B)BI)t Ihta hs ass osmoetmhienthgi ntgo tdoo dwoit hw itthhe thdief fdiifcfuilctuyl tyo fo tfh teh ea catcitviivtitiieess iinn qquueessttiioonn..
C)C )E nEenregryg yus augsea gdee vdoetveodt etdo taoc taicvtiev el elaerairnngin agc caocucnotusn tfso rf oar ab ibgi gp apratr to fo fi tit..
D)DA) sAig nsiigfincifaincta natm oaumnto uonft iotf iits isf ofro rp eprefrofromrimngin gdi fdfififciuclutl t ccooggnnititiivvee ttaasskkss..
212.1 . AA) )I tI ti iss bbeelliieevveedd ttoo rreemmaaiinn bbaassiiccaallllyy ccoonnssttaanntt..
B)B )I tI ti sis aa pprreerreeqquuiissiittee ffoorr aannyy mmenetnatla l aacctitivviittyy..
C)C )I tI t iiss ccoonndduucciivvee ttoo rreelliieevviinngg mmeennttaall eexxhhaauussttiioonn..
D)D )I tI ti iss tthhoouugghhtt ttoo bbee rreellaatteedd tot of ofoodod ccoonnssuummppttiioonn..
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
222.2 .A A) )J oJbo bc acnadniddaidteaste sr arraerleyl yt atakke ei tit sseerriioouussllyy..
B)B )J oJbo bs eseekeekresrs tteenndd ttoo hhaavvee aa rreeaaddyy aannsswweerr..
C)C )J oJbo bs eseekeekrse rso foteftne nf efeele la ta t aa lloossss wwhehreer et oto s tsatarrtt iinn aannsswweeririnngg iitt..
D)DJ)o bJ ocba ncdainddaitdeast ecs acna nr ersepsopnodn dfr fereeleyly d udeu et oto iittss ooppeenn--eennddeedd nnaattuurree..
2233. . AA) ) FFololllooww t htheierir ccaarreeeerr ccooaacchheess'' gguuiiddeelliinneess..
B)B )S tSrtirviev et oto t atakke ec ocnotnrtorlo lo of ft thheeiirr nnaarrrraattiivvee..
C)C )D oD toh ethier irb ebsets tt too iimmprpersesss tthhee iinntteerrvviieewweerr..
D)D )R eRpeeapte atth teh ei nifnofromramtiaotino no no nth tehieri rr réessuummée..
224.4 . AA)T)o Troe frleefcletc ot no nt htehieri rp apsats t aacchhiieevveemmenetnst sa sa sw ewlell la sa sf afaiilluurreess..
BB)T)o T por opdruocdeu ceex aemxpalmesp lfeosr f odri fdfiefrfeernetn ti nintteerrvviieeww qquueessttiioonnss..
C)C )T oT od idsicsucsuss si mipmoprtoarntatn td edteatialilss tthheeyy aarree ggooiinngg ttoo pprreesseenntt..
DD) )T oT oi diednetnitfifyy aa bbrrooaadd g egneenrearla l ssttrreennggtthh ttoo eellaabboorraattee oonn..
225.5A. )A G) eGtteittnign ga caqcuqauianitnetedd wwitithh tthhee hhuummana nr eressoouurrcceess ppeerrssoonnnneell..
B)B )F iFninddiningg oouutt wwhhy yt thhee ccoommpapnayn yp rporvoivdiedse s tthhee jjoobb ooppeenniinngg..
CC) )F iFgiguruirningg o outu tw whahta tb ebneenfeiftitss tthhee ccoommpapnayn yi si sa abblele ttoo ooffffeerr tthheemm..
D)D )T aTialiolroirningg tthheeiirr eexxppeeccttaattiioonnss ttoo thteh ec ocommppaannyy''ss lloonngg--tteerrmm ggooaall..
Part II
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Part III Reading Comprehension (4 0 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions:In this section, there isa passage with ten banks.You are required to select one word for
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank folowing the passage. Read the
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
ppaassssaagge et hthrroouughg hc acraerfeuflulllyy bbeeffoorree mmaakkiinngg yyoouurr cchhooiicceess.. EEacahc hc hcohiociec ei nin t hthee bbanakn ki sis iiddeennttiijfiieedd
by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a
by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
6·4
6 · 4Virtually every activity that entails or facilitates in-person human interaction seems to be in the
Virtually every activity that entails or facilitates in-person human interaction seems to be in the
mmidisdts to of fa a ttoottaall mmeellttddoowwnn aass tthhee ccoorroonnaavviirruuss （(n冠l:状lk病~毒¾）) oouuttbbrreeaakk eerraasseess AAmmereirciacnasn'sd' edseisrier et oto ttrraavveell..
Amtrak says bookings are down 50percent and cancelations are up 300 percent. Hotels in San
Amtrak says bookings are down 50 percent and cancelations are up 300 percent. Hotels in San
Francisco are experiencing 26 rates between 70 and 80 percent. Broadway goes dark on
Francisco are experiencing 26 rates between 70 and 80 percent. Broadway goes dark on
Thursday night. Universities, now emptying their campuses, have never tried online learning on this
Thursday night. Universities, now emptying their campuses, have never tried online learning on this
27 . White-collar companies like Amazon, Apple, and the New York Times are asking employees
_JJ_. White-collar companies like Amazon, Apple, and the New York Times are asking employees
to work from home for the 28 future.
to work from home for the 28 future.
But what happens after the coronavirus?
But what happens after the coronavirus?
IInn ssoomme ew awysa，yst,h eth ea naswnesrw eirs ∶is : AAlll l tthhee oolldd nnoorrmmala ls sttuuffff.. TThhee ppaannddeemmici（c (大 :k流. $行Jr病Ut） ~w i) lwl iltl atkaek el ilvievse，s,
29 economies and destroy routines, but it will pass. Americans will never stop going to
29 economies and destroy routines, but it will pass. Americans will never stop going to
basketball games.They won't stop going on vacation.They'll meet to do business. No decentralizing
basketball games. They won't stop going on vacation. They'll meet to do business. No decentralizing
technology so far—not telephones, not television, and not the internet—has dented that human desire
technology so far-not telephones, not television, and not the internet-has dented that human desire
to shake hands, despite technologists' 30_ to the contrary.
to shake hands, despite technologists' ~ to the contrary.
Yet there are real reasons to think that things will not return to the way they were last week.
Yet there are real reasons to think that things will not return to the way they were last week.
Small 31 create small societal shifts; big ones change things for good. The New York transit
Small 31 create small societal shifts; big ones change things for good. The New York transit
strike of 1980 is 32 with prompting several long-term changes in the city, including bus and bike
strike of 1980 is __lL with prompting several long-term changes in the city, including bus and bike
lanes, and women wearing sports shoes to work. The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 prompted the
lanes, and women wearing sports shoes to work. The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 prompted the
development of national health care in Europe.
development of national health care in Europe.
Here and now, this might not even be a question of 33 .It's not clear that the cruise industry
Here and now, this might not even be a question of __lL. It's not clear that the cruise industry
will 34 .Or that public transit won't go broke without _35_ assistance.The infrastructure might
will ___l!__. Or that public transit won't go broke without __lL assistance. The infrastructure might
not even be in place to do what we were doing in 2019.
not even be in place to do what we were doing in 2019.
A) credentials ) scale
A) credentials I) scale
B) credited J) strangle
B) credited J) strangle
C) cumulative K) subtle
C) cumulative K) subtle
D) disuptions L) summoned
D) disruptions L) summoned
E) federal M) survive
E) federal M) survive
F) foreseable N) vacancy
F) foreseeable N) vacancy
G) predictions O) wedge
G) predictions 0) wedge
H) preference
H) preference
Section B
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to reada passage with ten statements aached to i. Each
Directions : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked witha letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2.
on Answer Sheet 2 .
6·5
6 · 5Slow Hope
Slow Hope
A) Our world is full of—mostly untold—stories of slow hope, driven by the idea that change is
A) Our world is full of-mostly untold-stories of slow hope, driven by the idea that change is
possible. They are'slow'in their unfolding, and they are slow because they come with setbacks.
possible. They are 'slow' in their unfolding, and they are slow because they come with setbacks.
BB)A) tA tt hteh eb ebgeigninninningg oof ft tiimmeseo- sgoo egso etsh eth em ymthy—thh-uhmuanmsa nsusf sfuefrfeedre,ds,h isvheivreirnign gi nin tthhee ccoolldd aanndd ddaarrkk
unutnitlil tthhee ttiittaann （( 巨E人A）.) PPrroommetehtehuesu ss tsotolele ffiirree ffrroomm tthhee ggooddss..J uJsuts t aass iinn tthhee mmyythth，, tteecchhnnoollooggyy—-ffiirrsstt
fire and stone tools, and later farming, the steam engine and industry, fossil fuels, chemicals and
fire and stone tools, and later farming, the steam engine and industry, fossil fuels, chemicals and
nuclear power—has allowed us to alter and control the natural world. The myth also reminds us
nuclear power-has allowed us to alter and control the natural world. The myth also reminds us
ththata t tthheessee aaddvvaanncceess hhaavvee ccoomme ea ta ta a pprriiccee:: aass aa ppuunniisshhmmeenntt ffoorr PPrroommeetthheeuuss'' ccrriimmee,, tthhee ggooddss ccrreeaatteedd
Pandora,and they gave her a box filled with evils and curses. When Pandora's box was opened, it
Pandora, and they gave her a box filled with evils and curses. When Pandora's box was opened, it
unleashed swarms of diseases and disasters upon humankind.
unleashed swarms of diseases and disasters upon humankind.
C)C )T oTdoadya yw ew cea nc anno nloo nlgoenrg eirg niogrneo rteh eth eec oelcoogloigciacla lc ucrusresess tthhaatt wwee hhaavvee rerelleeaasseedd iinn oouurr sseeaarrcchh ffoorr
warmth and comfort. In engineering and exploiting and transforming our habitat, we have opened
warmth and comfort. In engineering and exploiting and transforming our habitat, we have opened
tens of thousands of Pandora's boxes. In recent decades, environmental threats have expanded
tens of thousands of Pandora's boxes. In recent decades, environmental threats have expanded
beyond regional boundaries to have global reach and, most hauntingly, are multiplying at a
beyond regional boundaries to have global reach and, most hauntingly, are multiplying at a
ddizizzzyyiningg r arattee.. OOnn aa rreegguulalarr bbaassiiss,, wwee aarree rreemmiinnddeedd t hthaatt wwe ea raere rruunnninning go uotu to fo ft tiimme.e . YYeaera ra afftteerr yyeeaarr,,
ffaasstteerr aanndd ffaasstteerr,, ccoonnssuummptpitoionn o uotuptapcaecse st hteh eb iboiloolgoigciacla lc capaapcaictiyty o of fo ouru rp plalannete.t. SSttoorriieess ooff aacccceelleerraatteedd
catastrophe multiply. We fear the breakdown of the electric grid, the end of non-renewable
catastrophe multiply. We fear the breakdown of the electric grid, the end of non-renewable
resources, the expansion of deserts, the loss of islands, and the pollution of our air and water.
resources, the expansion of deserts, the loss of islands, and the pollution of our air and water.
DD)A)c cAeclecrealetriaotnio nis i st hthee s siiggnnaattuurree ooff oouurr ttimimee.. PPooppuullaattioionnss a nandd eeccoonnoommiicc aaccttiivviityt yg rgerwew sslolwowllyy fofro rm muucchh
ofo fh humuamn ahni shtisotroyr.y . FFoor r tthhoouussaanndds s oof fy yeeaarrss aanndd wweellll iinnttoo eeaarlryl ym mooddeemrn titmimeess, ,w woorrldl de ceocnoonommiieess ssaaww
no growth at all, but from around the mid-19th century and again, in particular, since the mid-
no growth at all, but from around the mid-l 9th century and again, in particular, since the mid-
20th, the real GDP has increased at an enormous speed, and so has human consumption. In the
20th, the real GDP has increased at an enormous speed, and so has human consumption. In the
Middle Ages, households in Central Europe might have owned fewer than 30 objects on average;
Middle Ages, households in Central Europe might have owned fewer than 30 objects on average;
in 1900,this number had increased to 400,and in 2020 to 15,000.The acceleration of human
in 1900, this number had increased to 400, and in 2020 to 15,000. The acceleration of human
production, consumption and travel has changed the animate and inanimate spheres. It has echoed
production, consumption and travel has changed the animate and inanimate spheres. It has echoed
through natural processes on which humans depend. Species extinction, deforestation, damming of
through natural processes on which humans depend. Species extinction, deforestation, damming of
ririvveerrss,, ooccccuurrrreennccee oof f ffllooooddss,, tthhee ddeepplleetitoino no off o zooznonee, ,t hteh ed edgergardaadtaiotnio no fo of coecaena ns yssytesmtesm sa nadn dm maannyy
other areas are all experiencing acceleration. If represented graphically, the curve for all these
other areas are all experiencing acceleration. If represented graphically, the curve for all these
chcahnagnegs elso olokos krsa trahethre lr ilkiek et hthata t wwelell-l-kknnowonw hno chkoecyk setyi cskti∶ck :w iwthit hl iltitttllee cchhaannggee oovveer r mmilillleennnniiaa （( ~数 干f-J年f-）)
anadn da ad rdarammataitcic uuppsswwinign go voevre rt hthee ppaasstt ddeeccaaddeess..
EE) )S oSmoem oef otfo dtoayd'asy 'sn anrraarrtaitvivese sa baobuotu tt hthe ef ufututurree sseeeemm t oto s usguggegsets tt hthata t wwe et otoo,o,, lliikkee PPrroommeetthheeuuss,, wwiillll bbee
saved by a new Hercules, a divine engineer,someone who will mastermind, manoeuvre and
saved by a new Hercules, a divine engineer, someone who will mastermind, manoeuvre and
mmanainpiuplualattee oouur r plpalnanetet.. TThehye ys ugsuggesgte stt hathta tg eogeenogeinngeinereeirnign,g , coclodl df usfuisoino no r ofra sftaesrte-rt-hthaann-l-liigghhtt
spaceships might transcend once and for all the terrestrial constraints of rising temperatures, lack
spaceships might transcend once and for all the terrestrial constraints of rising temperatures, lack
oof fe enneerrggyy,, ssccaarrcciittyy ooff ffoooodd,, lalcakck ooff s psapcacee, ,m moouunnttaaiinnss ooff wwaassttee, ,p poolllultuetde dw waatteerr-—yyoouu nnaammee iitt..
6·6
6 · 6FF）) YYete，t, ifi fw wee eennvviissaaggee oouurr ssaalvlavtaitoino nto t oc ocmomee frformom aa ddeeuuss eexx mmaacchhiinnaa（ (N解F-围111之 :神:t.）;tf，), ffrroomm aa ddiivviinnee
enegnignieneere ro ro ra at teecchh ssoolluuttiioonniisstt wwhhoo wwiillll mmiirraaccuulloouussllyy ccoonnjjuurree uupp aa nneeww ssoouurrccee ooff eenneerrggyy oorr aannootthheerr
cure-all with revolutionary potency, we might be looking in the wrong place. The fact that we
cure-all with revolutionary potency, we might be looking in the wrong place. The fact that we
now imagine our planet as a whole does not mean that the'rescue'of our planet will come with
now imagine our planet as a whole does not mean that the ' rescue' of our planet will come with
one big global stroke of genius and technology.It will more likely come by many small acts.
one big global stroke of genius and technology. It will more likely come by many small acts.
Global heating and environmental degradation are not technological problems. They are highly
Global heating and environmental degradation are not technological problems. They are highly
political issues that are informed by powerful interests. Moreover, if history is a guide,then we
political issues that are informed by powerful interests. Moreover, if history is a guide, then we
ccaann aassssuumme e ththaatt aannyy mamjaojro rt rtraannssffoorrmmaattiioonnss wwiilll l oonnccee aaggaainin bbee ffoolllolwowede d bbyy aa hhuuggee sseett ooff
unintended consequences. So what do we do?
unintended consequences. So what do we do?
GG)T)h iTsh imsu cmh uicsh cils ecalre:a rw:e w nee ende etdo tfoi nfdi nwda yws atyhsa tth haet lhpe lups ufsl aftltaettne nt hteh eh ohcokcekye-yst-sitcikc kc ucruvrevse st htahta t rreefflleecctt
our ever-faster pace of ecological destruction and social acceleration. If we acknowledge that
our ever-faster pace of ecological destruction and social acceleration. If we acknowledge that
human manipulation of the Earth has been a destructive force, we can also imagine that human
human manipulation of the Earth has been a destructive force, we can also imagine that human
endeavours can help us build a less destructive world in the centuries to come. We might keep
endeavours can help us build a less destructive world in the centuries to come. We might keep
making mistakes. But we will also keep learning from our mistakes.
making mistakes. But we will also keep learning from our mistakes.
H)H )T oT oco ucnotuenrt etrh eth fee aferas rso fo dfi dsiassatsetre,r, wwe en eneede dt ot oi diednetnitfifyy ssttoorriieess,, vviissiioonnss aanndd aaccttiioonnss tthhaatt wwoorrkk qquuiieettllyy
towards a more hopeful future. Instead of one big narrative, a story of unexpected rescue by a
towards a more hopeful future. Instead of one big narrative, a story of unexpected rescue by a
lalarrggeerr--tthhaann--lliiffee h heeroro, ,w wee nneeeedd mmuullttiippllee stsotroireis:e sw: ew en eneede ds tsotroiersi,e sn,o tn ootn loyn loyf owfh waht aRt oRbo bN Nixixoonn ooff
PrPirnincceettoonn UUninviveresrsiittyy hhaass ccaalllleedd tthhee '' ssllooww vviioolleennccee '' ofo fe nevnivrioronnmemnetnatla ld edgergardaadtaitioonn( t(h tahta ti sis,, tthhee
dadmaamgea gthea tth iast iosf toefnte nin ivnivsiisbilbel ea ta t ffiirrsstt aanndd ddeevveellooppss sslloowwlyly aannd dg rgardaudaulallyl)y,) , bbutu t aallssoo ssttoorriieess ooff wwhhaatt II
call ' slow hope'.
call ' slow hope' .
I)We need an acknowledgement of our present ecological plight but also a language of positive
I) We need an acknowledgement of our present ecological plight but also a language of positive
chcahnagneg,ev,i sviisoinosn so fo fa a bbetettteerr ffuuttuurree. .I nI nT hTeh eP rPirnicnipcilep loef oHfo pHeo p(e1(915945-41-9159599)), ,EErmnsstt BBlloocchh,, oonnee ooff tthhee
leading philosophers of the future,wrote that'the most tragic form of loss..is the loss of the
leading philosophers of the future, wrote that ' the most tragic form of loss ... is the loss of the
capacity to imagine that things could be different'. We need to identify visions and paths that will
capacity to imagine that things could be different' . We need to identify visions and paths that will
hehlepl pu su si mimagaignien ea ad idfifffeerreenntt,, mmoorree jjuusstt aanndd mmoorree eeccoollooggiiccaall wwoorrlldd.. HHopoep,e ,f oforr BBlolochc,hh, ahsa si tists ssttaarrttiinngg
point in fear, in uncertainty, and in crisis: it is a creative force that goes hand in hand with utopian
point in fear, in uncertainty, and in crisis: it is a creative force that goes hand in hand with utopian
（(i乌½.托fc邦,Jf的Hr）-J)' w'iwshisfhulf uilm iamgeasg'.eIst' . cIatn c aben fboeu nfdo uinnd ciunl tcuurlatlu rparl opdruocdtsu cotfs othfe t hpea spt—asitn- ifna ifrayi ryta ltaelse，s, iinn
fiction, in architecture, in music, in the movies—in products of the human mind that contain'the
fiction, in architecture, in music, in the movies-in products of the human mind that contain ' the
outlines of a better world'. What makes us'authentic'as humans are visions of our'potential'.
outlines of a better world' . What makes us ' authentic' as humans are visions of our ' potential' .
In other words: living in hope makes us human.
In other words: living in hope makes us human.
JJ))T hTeh ep opwoewr eorf osfm samlla,ll ,g rgarassssrroooottss mmoovveemmenetnst s ttoo mmakaek ec hcahnagnegse st htahta t sspprreeaadd bbeeyyoonndd ththeeiirr ppllaaccee ooff
origin can be seen with the Slow Food movement, which began in Italy in the 1980s.The rise of
origin can be seen with the Slow Food movement, which began in Italy in the 1980s. The rise of
fast-food restaurants after the Second World War produced a society full of cheap, industrially
fast-food restaurants after the Second World War produced a society full of cheap, industrially
made foodstuffs. Under the leadership of Carlo Petrini,the Slow Food movement began in
made foodstuffs. Under the leadership of Carlo Petrini, the Slow Food movement began in
Piedmont, a region of Italy with a long history of poverty, violence and resistance to oppression.
Piedmont, a region of Italy with a long history of poverty, violence and resistance to oppression.
The movement transformed it into a region hospitable to traditional food cultures—based on
The movement transformed it into a region hospitable to traditional food cultures-based on
6·7
6 · 7native plants and breeds of animals. Today, Slow Food operates in more than 160 countries,poor
native plants and breeds of animals. Today, Slow Food operates in more than 160 countries, poor
and rich. It has given rise to thousands of projects around the globe, representing democratic
and rich. It has given rise to thousands of projects around the globe, representing democratic
politics, food sovereignty, biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.
politics, food sovereignty, biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.
K）K)T hTeh eu nusncsrcurpuupluoluosu（s 无( Jc所. P顾)f f忌fi 的,&.） . a!cJo) mcmoomdimfiocdaitfiicoant ioonf ofofo fdo oadn da ntdh et hdee sdtersutcrtuicotino no fo ff ofoodosdtsutuffffss wwiillll
continue to devastate soils, livelihoods and ecologies. Slow Food cannot undo the irresistible
continue to devastate soils, livelihoods and ecologies. Slow Food cannot undo the irresistible
dedveevleolpompemntesn tosf otfh eth gel gobloabl afl ofoodo de ceocnoomnyo,m byu,t b iutt ict acna nup usepts eit tists tthheeoorriissttss,, iitt ccaann '' ssppeeaakk d dififffeerreennttllyy'' ,,
and it can allow people and their local food traditions and environments to flourish. Even in the
and it can allow people and their local food traditions and environments to flourish. Even in the
United States—the fast-food nation—small farms and urban gardens are on the rise. The US
United States-the fast-food nation-small farms and urban gardens are on the rise. The US
Department of Agriculture provides an Urban Agriculture Toolkit and, according to a recent
Department of Agriculture provides an Urban Agriculture Toolkit and, according to a recent
rereppoorrtt，, A Ammeerriiccaann mmiilleennnniiaallss （( 千t -禧l¾一 - 代-f）t) aarree cchhaannggiinngg tthheeiirr ddiieetst.s .IInn 22001177,， 66 ppeerr cceennt to off U USS
•
consumers claimed to be strictly vegetarian, up from 1 per cent in 2014.As more people realise
consumers claimed to be strictly vegetarian, up from 1 per cent in 2014. As more people realise
that 'eating is an agricultural act',as the US poet and environmental activist Wendell Berry put it
that ' eating is an agricultural act' , as the US poet and environmental activist Wendell Berry put it
in 1989, slow hope advances.
in 1989, slow hope advances.
36.It seems some people today dream that a cutting-edge new technology might save them from the
36. It seems some people today dream that a cutting-edge new technology might save them from the
present ecological disaster.
present ecological disaster.
37.According to one great thinker, it is most unfortunate if we lose the ability to think differently.
3 7. According to one great thinker, it is most unfortunate if we lose the ability to think differently.
38.Urgent attention should be paid to the ecological problems we have created in our pursuit of a
38. Urgent attention should be paid to the ecological problems we have created in our pursuit of a
comfortable life.
comfortable life.
39.Even in the fast-food nation America, the number of vegetarians is on the rise.
39. Even in the fast-food nation America, the number of vegetarians is on the rise.
40. The deterioration of the ecological system is accelerating because of the dramatic increase of
40. The deterioration of the ecological system is accelerating because of the dramatic increase of
human production and consumption.
human production and consumption.
41.It is obvious that solutions must be found to curb the fast worsening environment and social
41. It is obvious that solutions must be found to curb the fast worsening environment and social
accleration.
acceleration.
42.Many people believe changing the world is possible, though it may take time and involve
42. Many people believe changing the world is possible, though it may take time and involve
setbacks.
setbacks.
43.It might be wrong to expect that our world would be saved at one stroke with some miraculous
43. It might be wrong to expect that our world would be saved at one stroke with some miraculous
tecnology.
technology.
44. It is human nature to cherish hopes for a better world.
44. It is human nature to cherish hopes for a better world.
45.Technology has given us humans the power to change the natural world,but we have paid a price
45. Technology has given us humans the power to change the natural world, but we have paid a price
for the change.
for the change.
6·8
6 • 8Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
uunnffniinsishheedd ssttaatteemmeenntst.s .FFoorr eaecahc ho of fth etmhe mth etrhee raere aforue r fcohuori cecsh omicaerkse dm aArk)e,d BA)),, BC),)C )aanndd
D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the cenire.
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
PasSage One
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Vegetarians would prefer not to be compelled to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion（强迫）is
Vegetarians would prefer not to be compelled to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion ( 51 if!) 1s
hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based"planetary diet."Nowhere is this more visible than in
hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based "planetary diet." Nowhere is this more visible than in
India.
India.
Earlier this year,the EAT-Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called
Earlier this year, the EAT-Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called
for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for"substantially reducing consumption of animal
for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for " substantially reducing consumption of animal
source foods."In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense
source foods." In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense
political situation and stress already undernourished populations.
political situation and stress already undernourished populations.
The EAT report presumes that"traditional diets"in countries like India include little red meat,
The EAT report presumes that "traditional diets" in countries like India include little red meat,
which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.
which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.
In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and
In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and
what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture,cost,
what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture, cost,
geography, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy"vegetarian diet"
geography, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy "vegetarian diet"
on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.
on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.
Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged
Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged
clcalasssseess aanndd iinnddiiggeennoouus sc coommmumniutnieitsi eas raer eb ebienign gc ocmopmelpleeldl etdo tog igveiv eup u pth ethieri rt rtraaddiittiioonnaall ffooooddss..
None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission's
None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission's
representative,Brent Loken, who said"India has got such a great example"in sourcing protein from
parenptress.entative, Brent Loken, who said " India has got such a great example" in sourcing protein from
plants.
But how much of a model for the world is India's vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index
But how much of a model for the world is India's vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index
2019, the country ranks 102nd out of 117.Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that
2019, the country ranks 102nd out of 117. Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that
only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.
only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.
Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with
Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with
whwihcihc ht ot ob ebaeta ta larlreeaaddyy vvuullnneerraabbllee ccoommmumnuitniiteise si nin ddeevveellooppiinngg ccoouuntnrtriieess..
AA d ideite t didrierecctteedd aatt ththee afaffflluueenntt WWesetst fafaiillss ttoo rreeccooggnniizzee tthhaatt iinn llooww--iinnccoommee cocuonutnrtriieess
undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source
undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source
foods,improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well
foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well
as mortality.
as mortality.
EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to "spark conversations"among all Indian stakeholders.
EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to "spark conversations" among all Indian stakeholders.
Yet vocal critics of the fod processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of
Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of
the debate. But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India's farmers.
the debate. But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India's farmers.
The government, however,seems to have given the report a thumps-up.Rather than addressing
The government, however, seems to have given the report a thumps-up. Rather than addressing
6.9
6 · 9chronic hunger and malnutrition through an improved access to wholesome and nutrient-dense foods,
chronic hunger and malnutrition through an improved access to wholesome and nutrient-dense foods,
the government is opening the door for company-dependent solutions,ignoring the environmental and
the government is opening the door for company-dependent solutions, ignoring the environmental and
economic cost, which will destroy local food systems. It's a model full of danger for future
economic cost, which will destroy local food systems. It's a model full of danger for future
generations.
generations.
46. What is more visible in India than anywhere else according to the passage?
46. What is more visible in India than anywhere else according to the passage?
A) People's positive views on the proposals for a"planetary diet."
A} People's positive views on the proposals for a "planetary·diet."
BB) )P ePoepolpel'es' s rreelluuccttaannccee ttoo bbee ccoommpeplelleledd ttoo eeaatt ppllaanntt--bbaasseedd ffoooodd..
C) People's preferences for the kind of food they consume.
C) People's preferences for the kind of food they consume.
D)D )P ePoepolep'les' su nuwniwllililningngensess st oto g igvive eu pu pt htehierir eeaattiinngg hhaabbiittss..
47. What would the EAT-Lancet Commission's report do to many people in countries like India?
47. What would the EAT-Lancet Commission's report do to many people in countries like India?
AA) }R aRdaidcaiclallyl yc hcahnagneg et htehieri rd dieiettaarryy hhaabbiittss..
B)B )K eKeepe pt htehme mfu rfutrhtehre ra awwaya yf rforom mp oploiltiiticcss..
C)C )M Makaek et hthemem e veevne nm omroer eu nudnedrenrnoouurriisshheedd..
DD) )S uSbusbtastnatnitailalllyy rreedduuccee tthheeiirr ffoooodd cchhooiicceess..
48. What do we learn from the passage about food consumption in India?
48. What do we learn from the passage about food consumption in India?
AA) )P ePoepolpel'es's ddiieett wwiillll nnoott cchhaannggee dduuee ttoo tthhee EEAATT--LLaanncecte t rreeppoorrtt..
BB) )M aMnya npye oppeloep lsei msipmlyp ldyo dnoo tn ohta hvea vaec caecscse sst ot of ofoodosd st htheeyy p prereffeerr..
C)C )T hTehree rei si sa ag rgorowiwnign gp oppoulpaurliatriyt yo fo fa ac ecreereala-l-hheeaavvy yv evgeegteatrairiaann ddiieett..
DD) )P oPloilcicyymamkaekrse rsh ehlepl pr ermeomveo vteh eth bea rbrairreiresr st too ppeeooplpele''ss cchhooiiccee ooff ffoooodd..
49. What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India?
49. What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India?
AA) )I tI t mmaya yb ebneenfietfi tp oppouplualtaitoionsn sw whohsoe ster tardaidtiitioonnaal l ddiieett iiss mmeeaatt--bbaasseedd..
B)B )I tIt mmaya yb eb ea naontohthere r bbllooww t too tthhee eeccoonnoommy yi nin ddeevveleoloppiinngg ccoouunntrtriieess..
C)C )I tIt mmaya yh ehleplp nnararrrooww t hthee ggapap b ebtewtweeene nt hteh er iricchh aanndd ppoooor r ccoouunntrtriieess..
D)D )I tI t mmaya yw owrosresne nt hthee nnoouuririsshhmmenetn t pprroobblleemm i inn llooww--iinnccoomme ec coouunntrtriieess..
50. How does the Indian government respond to the EAT-Lancet Commission's proposals?
50. How does the Indian government respond to the EAT-Lancet Commission's proposals?
AA) )I tI t aacccceepptsts tthheemm a ta t tthhee eexxpepnesnes eo fo ft hteh el olongn-gt-etremrm i nitnetreersetssts oof fi ittss ppeeooppllee..
B)B )I tI t iinntteennddss tthheemm ttoo ssppaarrkk ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonnss aammoongn ga lalll IInnddiiaann ssttaakkeehhoollddeerrss..
C)C )I tI tg giivveess tthheemm a papprporvoavla lr ergeagradrldelsesss oof fo opppopsoistiitioonn ffrroomm n unturtirittiioonn eexxppeerrttss..
DD)I)t Itw ewleclocmoems etsh ethme mas aas tao otolo tl ot oa daddrdersesss cchhrroonniicc hhuunnggere r aanndd mmalanlunturtirittiioonn..
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Back in 1964,in his book Games People Play,psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of
Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of
conversation he called"Why Don't You—Yes But", which remains one of the most rritating aspects
conversation he called "Why Don't You-Yes But", which remains one of the most irritating aspects
6·10
6 · 10of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is
of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is
terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation,and they moan about it ceaselessly, but find
terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they moan about it ceaselessly, but find
some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed. The reason, of course,is that on some level they
some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they
don't want a solution; they want to be validated in their position that the world is out to get them. If
don't want a solution; they want to be validated in their position that the world is out to get them. If
ththeeyy c caann"w i"wn"itnh,e, tghaem eg—amdies-mdiisssminigs seinvegr ye vseurgyg essutgigoens tiuonnt iuln ttihl etihre iir nitneterrllooccuuttoorr(（ ~对it话-:者::t"）) ggiivveess uupp iinn
anannonyoanycaen—ceth-tehye gye tg ett ot of efeele l pplleeaassuurraabbllyy r ri i g g h h t t e e o o u u s s ( （ .iE正. ~ 当 a的l.J ）) iinn tthheeiirr rreesesnetnmtmeenntts sa anndd eexxccuusseedd ffrroomm
any obligation to change.
any obligation to change.
PaPratr to fo ft thhee ttrroouubbllee hheerree iiss tthhee ssoo--ccaalllleedd rreessppoonnssiibbiillitiyt /yf/afualutl fta lflaalclya (c yi（fi 谬~误) .） W.Whheenn yyoouu''rree ffeeeelliinngg
hard done by—taken for granted by your partner,say, or obliged to work for a half-witted boss—it's
hard done by-taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a half-witted boss-it's
easy to become attached to the position that it's not your job to address the matter, and that doing so
easy to become attached to the position that it's not your job to address the matter, and that doing so
would be an admission of fault. But there's a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a
would be an admission of fault. But there's a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a
newborn at my front door, it wouldn't be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility.
newborn at my front door, it wouldn't be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility.
There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the
There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the
matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases:
matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases:
even if the other person is 100? the wrong, there's nothing to be gained, long-term, from using
even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there's nothing to be gained, long-term, from using
ththisis aass aa jjuussttiiffiiccaattiioonn ttoo eevvaaddee rreessppoonnssiibbiilliittyy..
Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there's an ingenious
Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there's an ingenious
way to shut it down—which is to agree with it, ardently. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this
way to shut it down-which is to agree with it, ardently. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this
as"over-validation". For one thing, you'll be spared further moaning,since the other person's
as "over-validation". For one thing, you'll be spared further moaning, since the other person's
motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you're confirming them. But for another,as Gottlieb
motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you're confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb
notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing
notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing
back. The notion that they're utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic—not to mention rather
back. The notion that they're utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic-not to mention rather
annoying—so they're prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.
annoying-so they're prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.
"And then, sometimes, something magical might happen,"Gottlieb writes. The other person
"And then, sometimes, something magical might happen," Gottlieb writes. The other person
"might realise she's not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels."Whichilustrates the
"might realise she's not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels." Which illustrates the
irioronyn yo fo fth teh er ersepsopnosnibsiibliiltiyty//ffaauulltt ffaallllaaccyy:: eevvaaddiinngg rreessppoonnssiibbiilliittyy ffeeeellss c coommffoorrttaabbllee,, bbuutt ttuurrnnss oouutt ttoo bbee aa
prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.
prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.
51. What is characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to psychiatrist Eric Berne?
51. What is characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to psychiatrist Eric Berne?
AA) )T hTehye yon loyn lfye efel eal nagnrgy ryab oaubto utth ethire iri lilll ttrreeaattmmeenntt aanndd rreesseenntt wwhhoeoveevre rt rtirieess ttoo hheellpp..
BB)T) hTeyh eayr ea rec hcrhonroincaiclallyl yu unhnahpappyp ya nadn dce acseealseelsesslsyly f fiinndd ffaauulltt wwiitthh ppeeooppllee aarroouunndd tthheemm..
CC) )T hTehye yco ncsotnasnttalnytl yd idsimsimssis so tohtehresr's ' pproropopsoaslasl s wwhihliel et atakkiinngg n no or ersepsopnosnisbiibliliittyy ffoorr ttaacckklliningg ththee pprroobblelemm..
DD)T)h eTyh elya ckla ctkh et hken okwnloedwglee dagned abnads icb assikci lslksi llrse qrueiqrueidre dfo rfo sr uscuccecsessfsuflu lc ocnovnevresrastaitioonnss wwitithh tthheeiirr
interlocutors.
interlocutors.
52. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one's doorstep?
52. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one's doorstep?
AA)))P ePoepolpel ~t etnedn dt oto t hthiinnkk tthhaatt oonnee sshhoouuldld nnoot t bbee h heeldld rreessppoonnsisibbllee ffoorr ootthheerrss'' mmiissttaakkeess,.
BB) )I tI t iiss eeaassyy ttoo bbeeccoomme ea tatttaacchheedd ttoo tthhee ppoossiittiioonn ooff oovveerrllooookkiinngg oonnee''ss oowwnn f faauulltt..
C) People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.
C) People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.
DD) )A Ad idsitsitninccttiioonn sshhoouulldd bbee ddrraawwn nb ebtewteween erne srepsopnsoinbsiibliiltiyty aanndd f afauulltt..
6.11
6 · 11553. 3 .WWhhat adt odeose st hteh ea uatuhthoro r aaddvvisisee ppeeooppllee ttoo ddoo ttoo cchhrroonniicc ccoommppllaaiinneerrss??
AA) )StSotop pt thheemm f rfroomm g ogionign gf ufurtrthheerr bbyy aaggrreeeeiinngg wwiitthh tthheemm..
B)B )LiLsitsetne nt oto t thheeiirr ccoommplpalianinttss aarrddeennttllyy aanndd ssyymmpaptahtehteiticcaallllyy..
C)C )AsAk stkh ethme tmo tvoa lviadlaitdea tet htehieri rb ebleilieeffss wwiitthh ffuurrtthheerr eevviiddeennccee..
D)D )PePresrusaudaed et htehme mto t oc lcalrairfifyy tthhee ccoonnffuussiioonn ththeeyy hhaavvee ccaauusseedd..
54. What happens when chronic complainers receive over-validation?
54. What happens when chronic complainers receive over-validation?
AA)T)heTyh eayre a rmeo tmivoattiveda tetdo tfoi nfidn din ginegnieonuios uwsa ywsa ytso tpoe rpseursaduea dteh ethire iri nitneterrllooccuuttoorr..
B)BT)heTyh eayr ea rper pomropmtepdt etdo toc ocmoem uep uwpi twhi tihd eidaesa sf ofor rm makaiknign gp opsossisbibllee cchhaannggeess..
C)C )ThTehye ya raer es sttiimmuullaatteedd ttoo mmaakkee mmoorree ccoommplpalaiinnttss..
D)D )ThTehye ya raer ee necnocuoruargaegde dt ot os tsatarrtt aarrgguuiinngg bbaacckk..
55.How can one stop being a chronic complainer according to the author?
55. How can one stop being a chronic complainer according to the author?
AA) )AnAalnyasliynsgi ntgh et hseo -scoa-lclaeldl erde srpeosnpsoinbsiilbiitlyit/yf/afaulutl t ffaallllaaccyy..
BB) )AvAoviodiidnign gh ahzaazradorduso utsr atrpasp si ni ne veevreyrydadya ys oscoicaila ll iliffee..
CC) )AsAssusmuimngi nrge srpeosnpsoinbsiilbiitliyty t oto f rfreeee oonneesesellff..
DD) )AAwawiatiitningg ssoommetehthiningg mmagaigcicaall ttoo hhaappppeenn..
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translateapassage from Chinese ino Englis.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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0
Writing
Part I
(30 minutes)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,youare allowed 30 mintes to write an essay on why students should be
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essaJ on why students should be
encouraged to develop effective communication skills.Yon shouldl urie al lerast 150
encouraged to develop effective communication skills. You should write at. least. 150
cordls but no more than 200 weords.
words but no more than 200 words.
6·12
6 · 12
