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2022年 9 月大学英语六级考试真题(一)答案与详解
Part I Writing
参考范文:
The Importance of Developing Digital Skills
Nowadays students are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of developing digital skills. As we
live in an increasingly networked world it is crucial that everyone has the digital skills they need to fully
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participate in society.
First and foremost, more than ever before, services, including public services and business transactions,
are moving online. For those lacking basic digital capabilities, they may consider these services a burden, let
alone enjoy the benefits they offer. Just think what your life would be like if you couldn't use the super popular
multi-functional social media app——WeChat. Secondly, as the digital revolution overturns the workplace, college
students, the new force in the future workplace, should first pay attention to the cultivation of digital ability.
Besides, the rapid pace of technological change means digital techniques and technologies are also constantly
evolving. It is therefore essential for our college students to identify the new trend in digital workflow and keep
learning so that we can apply what we have learned and keep up with the trend of digital transformation.
To conclude, in today5s digital age, there is an urgent need to improve our digital capabilities to keep pace
with times.
Part H Listening Comprehension
Section A
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
M: (1) Welcome to Money Matters, a weekly program that helps you manage your money. Tonight, I'll be
talking to Mary Johnson about budgeting.
W: Hello, everyone.
M: There's a magic about money. When it's not planned for, tracked and kept a record of, it literally
disappears. What are some of the steps we can take to prevent this from happening?
W: (3-1)Well, it's all about keeping track of your money. If you don't do that you'll never be able to set any
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goals for your budget or have the discipline to stick to them.
M: That's easier said than done. ⑵ I read recently that only 41% of Americans adhere to a budget.
W: (3-2) Yes, but knowing what you earn and what you spend can give you reassurance that you won't get into
debt in the first place. You can do this by adding up all of your sources of income you have and writing
them all down on a piece of paper. On the same page, write down all of your monthly expenses.
M: Fm always amazed at how much my expenses add up. But designating each item as an income or an expense
really helps me have a much better sense of all my spending.
W: Right, most people have no idea how much they spend each day, let alone each week or month, no matter
how careful they are. Next, subtract your monthly expenses from income. If the result is positive, you are
living within your means. If the result is a negative number, you5re going to have to cut back on your
spending.
M: I'm usually a negative number. I just can't resist the allure of ail those prestigious goods.
W: Well, it's not a catastrophe. But you do have to make some changes: try cutting back on those non-essential
items sell some stuff in your attic or (4) shop online to avoid unnecessary temptations like chocolate。
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Failing that you can always find yourself a part-time job.
答案详解
1. What does the man say about the weekly program? 很重要》是每周一期的节目,旨在帮助人们管理好
C )【精析】细节辨认题。句(1)中,男士介绍说,《金钱 自己的财务事宜。而本期节目中,他将与嘉宾一起
六级2022年9月 9讨论一下预算问题。因此,该节目是可以帮助人们 追踪钱财不容易时,女士在句(3-2)中说,了解自己
编制预算的。因此答案为C)。 的收入和支出一开始就可以确保你不会负债。也
2. What did the man read recently? 就是说,女士建议男士第一步就应该对钱财进行追
D)【精析】细节理解题。句(2)中,男士说他最近看到 踪。因此答案为A)。
只有41%的美国人能够坚定地执行预算。也就是 4. What does the woman say about online shopping?
说,大部分美国人不能坚定地执行预算。因此答案 B)【精析】细节推断题。女士得知男士入不敷出的情
为D)。 况后认为他需要做出一些改变,其中就提到了男士
3. What does the woman suggest the man do first to 可以在网上购物。根据句(4)可知,网上购物可以
avoid getting into debt? 让人们避开某些像巧克力这样的不必要的诱惑。
A)【精析】细节理解题。当男士问女士采取什么措施 也就是说,女士认为网上购物能够帮助人们避免很
才能防止钱财消失时,女士在句(3,)中回答说,这 多不必要的支出。因此答案为B)。
其实就是一个对金钱进行追踪的问题。当男士说
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard,
M: Hi there. Fve come to see the flat. My name is Mark Adams. We spoke on the phone on Wednesday.
W: Hi, Mark, come on up. Fil buzz you in. Green door on the second floor on the right side. Nice to meet
you. I spoke to all your references and they all checked out okay. So let me show you around. (5)The place
actually belongs to my mother. But her health isn't great. So we finally managed to persuade her to move in
with us and rent this old place out.
M: It's a great size. Plenty of space. Very versatile. I think it's a winner for us.
W: Yes, all the appliances are brand-new. There?s a washing machine and a tumble dryer in the utility room
next to the kitchen.
M: Lots of closet space too, which is fabulous. My wife has a ridiculous number of shoes. (6-1)Now the big
question, what about noise and the neighbours?
W: Well, all the neighbours are elderly, so no noisy kids. And the back of the house overlooks a clear and
peaceful pond. (6-2)So it's perfect if tranquility is what you are looking for.
M: (6-3)That's good news. We've been living in a less than glamorous part of Aberdeen, constantly harassed
day and night by noisy neighbours. Getting to work was a nightmare too, as we only have one car and my
wife has to use it as she works nights at the hospital.
W: Well, if you like the place, it?s yours as soon as I get a contract drawn up with a solicitor. (7)The first
month's rent and a deposit are mandatory on signing the contract. Then we can work out when is the best
day for you to pay rent each month.
M: We'll be incredibly happy to be your new tenants. Thank you so much. (8)My wife will be thrilled to get
out of the shabby place we are now in and start filling those wardrobes with all those shoes.
答案详解
5. What does the woman say about the flat? 7. What does the man have to do on signing the
O 【精析】细节辨认题。句(5)中,女士明确告诉男 contract?
士,这套公寓属于她母亲。因此答案为C)。 B)【精析】细节辨认题。句(7)中,女士告诉男士,签
6. What is the man's chief consideration in looking 合同时必须支付第一个月的租金和押金。因此答
for a flat? 案为B)
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B)【精析】细节归纳题。根据句(6,)可知,噪音和邻 8. Why does the man say his wife will feel very
居的情况对男士来说是最大的问题。句(6-2)中女 excited if they move into the flat?
士提到,如果男士想要安静,这个房子就很完美。 D)【精析】细节辨认题。句(8)中,男士提到,如果妻
男士在句(6-3)中表示这是一个好消息。综合来 子知道他们能够从现在住的破地方搬出来,还能把
看,在男士的择房标准中,安静是放在第一位的,因 鞋都放到柜子里,她会很兴奋的。因此答案为D)。
此答案为B)。
Section B
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(9)A new study has found a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their
六级2022年9月 10parents' stress levels. Why? Because the more television kids watch, the more they're exposed to advertising.
The more advertising they see, the more likely they are to insist on purchasing items when they go with their
parents to the store. This could generate conflict if the parents refuse. All that, researchers say, can contribute
to parents? overall stress levels. What's the solution? Perhaps the most obvious is curtailing screen time.
Commercial content is there for a reason- to elicit purchasing behavior. So parents might want to shut off the
TV. Researchers concede that this is easier said than done. So they suggest another option. Parents can change
how they talk to their kids about purchases. (10) The researchers suggest that parents seek input from their
children on family purchasing decisions. They shouldn't try to control all purchases. Instead, parents might tell
their children things like “I will listen to your advice on certain products or brands." This type of
communication, the researchers assert, can lead to children making fewer purchasing demands. That means
less parents' stress. However, the protective effect of this kind of communication diminishes with greater
exposure to television. This is because advertising aimed at children is especially persuasive. Advertisers use
an assortment of tactics, such as bright colors, happy music and celebrity endorsements to appeal to children.
(11) Plus, children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent. That makes them
particularly vulnerable to advertisements.
答案详解
9. What has the new study found about children 员建议父母在做家庭购买决策时去寻求孩子的意
watching television? 见。也就是说,建议父母们在做购买决策时能让
D)【精析】细节理解题。句(9)中提到,一项新研究发 孩子参与进来。因此答案为C)。
现,孩子看电视的时间与父母的压力水平之间存 11. What makes children particularly vulnerable to
在正向关联。所谓正向关联,就是孩子看电视的 TV commercials?
时间越长,父母的压力越大。因此答案为D)。 A)【精析】细节辨认题。句(11)中明确提到,儿童没
10. What are parents advised to do to reduce the 有充分理解广告意图的认知能力,这让他们特别
impact of TV commercials? 容易受到广告的影响。因此答案为A)。
C)【精析】细节理解题。句(10)中明确提到,研究人
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys. But that's not what
we always do. Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm
others or who aren't good team players. (12) But sometimes the good guys also get punished or criticized,
specifically because they are so good. This seems baffling, because it's detrimental to group cooperation.
However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields, and it has been found in every society. Why
does this happen? Research suggests a simple reason. When one person looks really good, others look bad by
comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good, especially if they
can't or won't compete. After all, (13)weTe all judged in comparison with others. When faced with someone
better, what can a normal person do? (14)One option is to actively compete. A second option is to bring that
person down. That is to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, infer selfish motives for their actions, or
imply real or imagined hypocrisy. Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions or punishing
them outright. Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment,
donate money or work too hard. (15)Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not
perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds. So it's important
to recognize these attacks for what they are.
答案详解
12. What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the 解。因此答案为D)。
passage? 13. How are we all judged according to the passage?
D)【精析】细节理解题。句(12)中提到,有时候,好人 C)【精析】细节辨认题。句(13)中明确提到,我们都
也会被惩罚或被批评,而原因却是他们太好了。 是通过与他人的比较来被评判的。因此答案
这看起来令人费解,因为这不利于团队合作。也 为C)。
就是说,好人可能会受到不公平的对待,这让人费 14. What can a normal person do when faced with
六级2022年9月 11people who perform better? good deeds?
B)【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到了一个问题:当 A)【精析】细节辨认题。根据句(15)可知,做好事却
面对更好的人时,一个正常人能做什么?句(14) 会被不做好事的人视为幼稚或虚伪,而这样的指
中提到,一种选择是积极竞争。因此答案为B)。 责最终会打消人们做好事的念头。因此答案
15. What may discourage people from performing 为A)
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Section C
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
In America, most researchers concede that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different
skills and rewarded for different acts. Women, it is agreed, excel at certain tasks, men at others.
There?s little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other. All
of this notwithstanding, gender differences are very much in the media these days. Since the rise of the
women,s movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny.
How has this affected friendship? How do the sexes differ in their friendship relations? (16) Most preteen
children have a. best friend who is usually someone of the same sex and similar age. Both sexes share an
essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships. They do not differ in this respect.
However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come.
Boys tend to form play groups that are competitive in nature. Girls' groups more frequently revolve around
cooperative enterprises. Thus at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning, while
girls, by contrast, playhouse and school, engaging in roles that require complementary support. Speaking of
their childhood, men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender-role opinions of other boys.
Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender-role pressure. It is not until the dating years that
women report being concerned with feminine behavior. Males, for the most part, are responsive to the
suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age. These early attitudes reinforced by social
conditioning continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence. (17)This is a
period when the majority of males once again report a closer alliance with same-sex friends. Now, however,
with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted to competing for position and a definite undercurrent of
competition permeates the relationship. Although in dissimilar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at
this age. For them, the bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement. (18)This is most apt
to be the case in late adolescence when dating and relationships with boys take sharper precedence over
sisterhood. Actually dating dilutes the intensity of same-sex friendships for men also. For the majority of us,
the moment we begin to date seriously there's a competition between romance and friendship.
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答案详解
16. What does the speaker say about most preteen 一股明确的竞争暗流渗透到了相互关系中。也就
children? 是说,这个时期的男性将大部分精力都投入为某
D)【精析】细节辨认题。句(16)中提到,大多数十一 个位置而产生的竞争之中。因此答案为A)。
二岁的孩子都有一个好朋友,这个好朋友通常与 18. What do children do when they reach late
他们同性别且年龄相仿。也就是说,这个年龄段 adolescence?
的孩子愿意与同性别的同龄人交朋友。因此答案 A)【精析】细节理解题。根据句(18)可知,到青春期
为D)。 后期,对于女孩子们来说,与男孩的关系比姐妹关
17. What do most males devote much of their energy 系更为重要,而对于男孩子们来说,浪漫的约会也
to during adolescence? 降低了同性友谊的强度。也就是说,对于青春期
A)【精析】细节理解题。根据句(17)可知I,到了青春 后期的孩子们来说,爱情的地位是高于友谊的。
期,虽然男性仍与同性别的朋友十分亲密,但他们 因此答案为A)。
已经把相当多的精力投入到争夺职位的竞争中,
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Good afternoon. In today's lecture, we,ll be talking about how and when to disclose a disability when
applying for a job. On average about 20 percent of the population has some form of disability. Most countries,
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these days, have equal opportunity and non-discrimination laws. Yet disabled people often find it hard to
六级2022年9月 12decide when, how and if at all to raise their disability problem with the potential employer. There is
uncertainty about how a recruiter will perceive their disability. (19) As such, many candidates fear they
wouldn't be considered for a position as a result of disclosing this personal information. And research has
validated this as a genuine concern for many job applicants. It's a natural reaction, but it shouldn't be a reason
to stay quiet. People need to remember that they are applying for a position they have the skills and experience
to excel in. Discussing a disability with the potential employer may help them make reasonable workplace
adjustments in their favor. (20) It's most appropriate to discuss a disability when they reply to confirm an
interview. This information needn't be put upfront in their cover letter or resume, because it?s probably not
relevant to the position itself. Candidates with disabilities should feel they have the power to make their own
decisions around sharing this information free from prejudice. If they find an organization that doesn't
celebrate diversity and inclusion, it could say a lot about the company's culture. Perhaps the organization isn't
the right fit. It's important for them to remember that they are seeking a manager, an employer that's going to
be supportive and continue to give them a great employment experience. Companies sometimes offer candidates
the chance to disclose disabilities on their application form, but people shouldn't feel restricted by this method
or timing. (21)People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition. There is always the risk
that the recruiter will research information that is inaccurate or irrelevant. If people don't think their disability
will impact their ability to perform in the advertised position, then it's entirely their entitlement to choose
when and whether to share this information.
答案详解
19. Why do disabled job applicants feel reluctant to 回复进行面试确认的时候来讨论残疾问题是最合
disclose their disability information? 适的。因此答案为C)。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。句(19)中提到,许多求职者 21. What are people advised to do when filling out
担心,他们会因为披露了这些个人信息而被排除 their job application form?
在某个职位之外。也就是说,这些人之所以不愿 D)【精析】细节辨认题。讲座中提到,公司有时会为
意暴露自己身有残疾的事实,是因为害怕被直接 求职者提供在申请表上披露残疾信息的机会,但
拒绝,不再有应聘的机会。因此答案为B)。 人们不应受到这种方法或时间的限制。根据句
20. When does the speaker suggest applicants reveal (21)可知,人们应该避免分享他们所患残疾的名
their disability information? 称或状态。因此答案为D)。
O 【精析】细节辨认题。句(20)中讲话者提至IJ,给出
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Smartphones distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more
inviting than study. But what about background sound alone? A group of American researchers compared students5
comprehension of verbal material when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music or
general noise. General noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan. (22)Students;
scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech. Comprehension was slightly better with the
presence of music than with speech. However, when they were asked to identify melodies rather than
understand text, background music interfered more. When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar
to participants there was little if any hindrance of reading comprehension.
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British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general
background noise and silence on short-term memory. Background speech had the biggest negative effect. Vocal
music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental. In general, background noise and silence were least
disruptive. (23) It seems the degree of interference from backgiound noise depends on the overlap between the
processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise. The studies
suggest that when people read and when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will
inhibit their ability. Instrumental music will have at worst a slight effect. (24) When students write essays,
however, other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible.
Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions. Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may
make a difference. The researchers subjected shy quiet people and confident outgoing ones to higher arousal or
lower arousal background music, general noise or silence while asking them to remember words. Everyone
六级2022年9月 13performed best in the silent condition. (25)But less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of
the distractions. So when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider
allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental and their child is the outgoing type.
答案详解
22. What did some American researchers find about 24. What is best for students to do when writing
students5 reading comprehension in the presence essays according to some research?
of background noise? A) 【精析】细节理解题。句(24)中提到,其他研究发
B ) 【精析】细节理解题。句(22)中提到,有背景语音 现,在学生写文章时,最好是尽可能地减少所有的
时,学生的成绩下降最多。也就是说,有背景语音 背景噪音。也就是说,写文章时,周围最好是尽可
时,学生的阅读理解情况是最差的。因此答案 能安静的,没有任何噪音的。因此答案为A)。
为 B)。 25. How do people of different personalities react to
23. What do we learn from the British researchers distractions according to other studies?
about the degree of interference from B) 【精析】细节理解题。讲座最后提到,人们对干扰
background noise? 的反应并不相同,研究表明,性格的某些方面可能
O 【精析】细节理解题。根据句(23)可知,英国研究 会对此有影响。根据句(25)可知,社交能力较差
人员发现,来自背景噪声的干扰程度似乎取决于 的人更容易受到这些干扰的负面影响。也就是
任务处理过程和背景噪声屏蔽过程相互重叠的程 说,不同性格的人受到干扰的程度不同,害羞、安
度。也就是说,噪音的干扰程度取决于处理不同 静的人受到的负面影响最大。因此答案为B)。
类型信息过程之间的重叠程度。因此答案为C)。
Part If Reading Comprehension
Section A
【结构框图】
- G [第 1段指出曾经有着庞大数量的旅鸽已经灭绝了。
本文主要介绍了旅鸽逐步
-O :第2、3段讲述旅鸽数量锐减的原因。
走向灭绝的历程。
-« :第4段描述旅鸽的现状:已灭绝,只剩下唯一的一个标本。
【词性分析】
名 词:C) tracts (土地的)一大片;D) specimen标本,样品;F) refuge庇护,避难;庇护所,避难所;G) plazas
广场;购物中心;K) excerpts摘录,节选;L) estimates估计,估算(estimate的复数);O) delicacy珍馈,
佳肴
动 词:F) refuge给予庇护,接纳避难;I) hatched孵化;策划;J) expired过期,失效;L) estimates估计,估算;
N) depleted消减,损耗
形容词:A) vulnerable易受伤的;易受攻击的;B) unprecedented前所未有的,史无前例的;E) robust强健的,
强壮的;H) infinite无限的,无穷尽的;M) edible可食用的;N) depleted减少的,不足的
答案详解
26 .【考点】名词辨析题。 系动词we『e,空格后是介词to,可知空格处应填
L ) 【语法判断】空格前面是形容词rough,因此空格 一个形容词或动词的分词形式作表语。
处应填入一个名词。 【语义判断】此处意思是“尽管旅鸽的数量庞大,但
【语义判断】空格所在句意思是“据粗略估计,在 它们很容易受到人类入侵其筑巢领地的影晌”。
19世纪早期,北美旅鸽的数量高达50亿只,约占 备选项中的形容词vulnerable表示“易受伤的;易
北美本土鸟类总数的40%",L) estimates“估计” 受攻击的",符合语境,故答案为A)。
符合语境,故为答案。 28.【考点】动词辨析题。
27 .【考点】形容词辨析题。 I ) 【语法判断】空格所在句是一个由and连接的并列
A )【语法判断】空格前是主语passenger pigeons和 句,the parent pigeons是第二个并列分句的主语,
六级2022年9月 14two weeks after the eggs 这一部分为该 32 .【考点】名词辨析题。
分句的时间状语从句,该状语从句的主语为名词 C)【语法判断】空格前面是形容词large,空格后面是
eggs,因此空格处需填入一个动词作谓语。 介词of,因此空格处应填入一个名词。
【语义判断】此句意思是“蛋孵化两周后,鸽子的父 【语义判断】由 of后 面 的 the pigeons' nesting
母就会抛弃它们的孩子,让它们自生自灭”。 territory(鸽子筑巢的领地)可知,空格处的词意思
I) hatched“孵化”符合语法及语境,故为答案。 应与土地面积相关。C) tracts ”(土地的)一大片”
29 .【考点】形容词辨析题。 符合语境,故为答案。
M )【语法判断】空格前有系动词were和副词quite, 33 .【考点】形容词辨析题。
可知空格处应填一个形容词作表语。 H)【语法判断】空格前是不定冠词an,空格后面是名
【语义判断】空格所在句逗号前面的部分提到 词 resource,可知空格处应填一个形容词。
these baby pigeons were really tasty(这些乳鸽非 【语义判断】空格所在句前半部分是一个让步状语
常美味),可知空格所在处是指“成年鸽子也很好 从句,意为“尽管旅鸽数量众多”,空格所在句语义
吃”。备选项中的形容词edible表示“可食用的”, 进行转折,结合句中出现的not 一词可知,空格处
符合语境,故答案为M)。 所在词意思应与前面的numerous“很多的”一词语
30 .【考点】名词辨析题。 义一致。备选项中的形容词infinite表示“无限
O)【语法判断】空格前面是不定冠词a 和形容词 的,无穷尽的”,符合语境,故答案为H)。
great,因此空格处应填入一个名词。 34 .【考点】形容词辨析题。
【语义判断】空格所在句的上一句提到乳鸽和成年 N)【语法判断】空格所在句中it为形式主语,真正的
鸽子好吃,可推断空格所在句是说美洲原住民和 主语为that引导的主语从句,该主语从句是个主
移 居 的 欧 洲 人 认 为 这 种 鸟 是 一 种 美 味 。 系表结构,表语部分不完整。空格前是副词
O) delicacy “珍馍,佳肴”符合语境,故为答案。 seriously,可知空格处应填一个形容词作表语。
31 .【考点】形容词辨析题。 【语义判断】根据上下文可知,此处意思是“到 19
B)【语法判断】空格前是不定冠词an,空格后面是名 世纪80年代,人们注意到这一鸟类的数量已经严
词 pace,可知空格处应填一个形容词或名词作 重减少”。备选项中的depleted用作动词意为“消
定语。 减,损耗”,其过去分词也可用作形容词,意为“减
【语义判断】空格所在句提到commercial trapping 少的”,符合语境,故答案为N)。
of passenger pigeons(商业捕获旅鸽),接下来的一 35 .【考点】名词辨析题。
句又提至U hundreds of thousands of the birds were D)【语法判断】空格前面是形容词remaining,因此空
being harvested every day (每天都有数十万只旅 格处应填入一个名词。
鸽被捕获),可判断此处是指商业捕获旅鸽的速度 【语义判断】根据上下文意思可知,空格所在部分
非常快。备选项中的形容词unprecedented表示 意思是“这数十亿只旅鸽缩减为唯一的标本”。
“前所未有的”,用在此处符合语境,故答案为B)。 D) specimen"标本,样品”符合语境,故为答案。
参考译文
现在已经灭绝的旅鸽成为人们预期会灭绝的最后一个物种,这也算是一种荣幸吧。有一段时间,旅鸽
的数量比其他鸟类都多。据粗略估计,在 19世纪早期,北美旅鸽的数量高达50亿只,约占北美本土鸟类
总数的40%。
尽管旅鸽的数量庞大,但它们很容易受到人类入侵其筑巢领地的影响。它们的巢很破旧,蛋孵化两周
后,鸽子的父母就会抛弃它们的孩子,让它们自生自灭。人们发现这些乳鸽非常美味,成年鸽子也很好吃。
最初是美洲原住民,然后是移居的欧洲人,开始把这种鸟视为美味佳肴。
到了 19世纪50年代,商业捕获旅鸽的速度达到了前所未有的水平。每天都有数十万只旅鸽被捕获,
做成广受欢迎的鸽子派。此外,鸽子筑巢的大片领地被清理出来,用于种植庄稼和开辟牧场。尽管旅鸽数
量众多,但它们并不是无穷无尽的资源。到 19世纪80年代,人们注意到这一鸟类的数量已经严重减少。
1899年最后一批旅鸽在野外被射杀。
最终,这数十亿只旅鸽缩减为唯一的标本,一只名叫玛莎的旅鸽,这只鸽子于1914年 9月 1 日在辛辛
那提动物园圈养的时候死亡。这不仅标志着一个时代的结束,也是人类第一次能够准确记录一个物种的
灭绝时间。
六级2022年9月 15Section B
【文章来源】本文选自2019年刊登在U. S. News& World HepM (《美国新闻与世界报道》)上一篇标题为“Some
Say Computer Coding Is a Foreign Language” (《有人说计算机编码是一门外语》)的文章。
【结构框图】
「O ; A)-E )段阐述各方对学校将计算机编码纳入课程的不同观点。
;- F)-I)段主要介绍各州关于将计算机编码纳入课程的相关法案。
文章说明了在大学之前将计
算机编码引入学校教育的必
要性,并探讨了是否应该以 A
:J)—L)段阐述学习语言带来了益处,但招聘人员和雇主更看重计算机
之取代外语学习。 技能的事实。
M)-0 )段就是否应以计算机编码教育取代外语学习的问题阐述各方的
不同观点,指出计算机科学应该被纳入课程,而不是完全取代外语。
答案详解
36 . 【定位】由题干中的employers和 computer skills 39 .【定位】由 题 干 中 的 programming classes和
定位到文章L)段第一句。 quality teachers定位到文章G)段第二句。
L)【精析】同义转述题。L)段第一句指出,尽管语言 G)【精析】同义转述题。G)段开头提到肯塔基州有
带来了益处和一系列技能,但招聘人员和雇主更 关计算机编程教育的法案,其中第二句说,该州将
看重计算机技能。由此可知,相比语言能力,雇主 为编程课程的高质量认证教师提供支持。题干中
更重视计算机技能,题干是对定位句的同义转述。 see to it 对应原文中的 provide support for,题干
题干中的 attach more importance to applicants5 中 的 quality teachers对 应 原 文 中 的 higher
computer skills 对应原 文中的 value computer quality certified teachers,故答案为 G)
o
skills more,故答案为 L) 40 .【定位】由 题 干 中 的 computer-related jobs和
0
37 . 【定位】由题干中的state senator和 students be since mid-1990s定位到文章D)段前两句。
allowed to study either foreign language or D)【精析】细节归纳题。D)段定位句提到,根据2016
computer coding定位到文章E)段第一句。 年美国新闻/雷神公司STEM指数,计算机相关工
E)【精析】同义转述题。E)段第一句提到了佛罗里 作在STEM领域内占据前七位,从业人员数量最
达州参议员杰里米・林,随后指出他去年提出的 多。另一方面,对于外语的兴趣自1995年以来首
一项法案允许佛罗里达州的学生在外语和编码课 次下降。由此可知,题干是对该处信息的归纳。
程之间做出选择,以满足大学入学要求。题干中 题干中的have been on the rise对应原文中的
的 study either foreign language or computer hold the top seven positions in STEM fields for
coding 是对原文中的 choose between foreign highest number of workers,题干中的 foreign
language and coding classes 的同义转述,故答案 languages have become less appealing 是原文中
为E)。 “Foreign language interest... is declining”的同义
38 . 【定位】由题干中的learning languages、mutual 表达,故答案为D)。
respect 和 a high school language teacher 定位至U 41 .【定位】由 题 干 中 的 subjects和 well-rounded
文章K)段。 development定位到H)段第二句后半部分。
K)【精析】细节归纳题。K)段第一句提到一位高中 H)【精析】同义转述题。H)段定位部分提到,每门学
语言教师,而随后的两句说,我们需要找到一种方 科,无论是艺术、数学还是语言,都对全面发展有
法,让自己立足于全球舞台并相互尊重,而学习语 着重要贡献。题干是对该部分的同义转述。题干
言能够让我们做到这一点。可知题干对这两处信 中的 essential 是原文中 a significant contribution
息进 行了归纳。题 干 中 的 broadens students5 的同义表达,题干中的well-rounded development
international perspective 对应原文中的 put 则对应原文中的a well-rounded existence,故答案
ourselves at the global table,而 mutual respect 为H)。
among peoples 是对原文中 treat each other with 42 .【定位】由题干中的consensus和 most educators
mutual respect的同义转述,故答案为K)。 定位到文章B)段第二句。
六级2022年9月 16B)【精析】同义转述题。B)段定位句指出,大多数教 的发展速度远不是学校所能跟上的。题干中的
育者的意见都是一致的:编码应该被添加到课程 short of funding and qualified teachers 是对原文
中,但不能以牺牲外语课程为代价。题干是对该 中 budget constraints and a lack of skills training
句的同义转述。题干中的consensus对应原文中 for teachers的同义转述,题干中的schools lag
的 agree,题干中的 coding should be taught in behind 则对应原文中的 is growing faster than
schools 是对原文中 coding should be added to schools can keep up,故答案为 C)。
curriculums 的转述,而 replace foreign language 45 .【定位】由题干中的learning a foreign language
贝[J是原文中 at the expense of foreign language at an earlier age定位到文章N)段第一句。
classes的同义表达,故答案为B) N)【精析】细节归纳题。N)段定位句指出,扎罗赞成
o
43 .【定位】由题干中的one study和performance定 外语教育应该更早开始,而根据之前K)段中的
位到文章J)段第二句。 ACTFL National Language Teacher of the Year
J) 【精析】细节推断题。J)段定位句指出,2007年的 和 who teaches high school Latin 可知,扎罗正是
一项研究表明,仅需经过两年到三年的外语学习, 一位杰出的高中语言教师。另外,题干中出现了
学生在标准化测试中就有优于非外语同龄人的表 also 一词,说明前文中也有类似的信息出现,M)段
现。也就是说,外语学习改善了他们的学习能力, 提到林认为教授语言是必须尽早开始的事情,但
提高了其成绩。题干中的improved students5 由E)段第一句中的信息可知,林是佛罗里达州的
academic performance 对 应 原 文 中 的 参议员,而非高中教师。综合可知,题干信息对应
outperformed their non-foreign language peers 的出处在N)段。题干是对文中信息的归纳,其中
on standardized tests,故答案为 J) 的 a distinguished high school language teacher
0
44 . 【定位】由题干中的 short of funding and qualified 是指Zarrow,题干中的believes对应原文中的
teachers 和 fast developing computer science agrees,题干中的 it is advisable to start learning a
field定位到文章C)段第三句。 foreign language at an earlier age 转述原文中的
C)【精析】同义转述题。C)段第三句提到,由于预算 foreign language education should begin earlier,
限制和缺乏对教师的技能培训,计算机科学领域 故答案为N)。
参考译文
计算机编码是外语吗?
A)随着计算机编码成为广受追捧的技能,越来越多的K ,2(从幼儿园至高中毕业)学校将其纳入课程安
排。尽管遭到教育工作者的反对,一些州已经考虑允许学生放弃外语课而转修编码课程。
B)对于在小学阶段教授编码是否合适引发了一场讨论,各方有激烈的争议。(42)不过,当提到是否允许
用编码来填补外语要求时,大多数教育者的意见都是一致的:编码应该被添加到课程中,但不能以牺
牲外语课程为代价。
C)他们的观点是,计算机编程是一种语言,允许人们与机器和程序进行沟通。一些倡导者认为,它是21
世纪的语言,比自然语言更有价值。(44)由于预算限制和缺乏对教师的技能培训,计算机科学领域的
发展速度远不是学校所能跟上的。
D) (40)根据2016年美国新闻/雷神公司STEM(科学/技术/工程/数学)指数,计算机科学方面的工作有
助于提高美国的工资,计算机相关工作在STEM领域内占据前七位,从业人员数量最多。另一方面,
对于外语的兴趣自1995年以来首次下降。根据美国现代语言协会的数据,2009年至2013年间,高等
教育语言学科减少了 11.1万多个招生名额。
E) “我认为给予人们一个选择的机会是很重要的,” (37)佛罗里达州参议员杰里米・林说。他去年提出
的一项法案允许佛罗里达州的学生在外语和编码课程之间做出选择,以满足大学入学要求。“我认
为,如果你打算在高中学习两年的语言,倒不如选择计算机编码」
F)佛罗里达州的这一法案今年在州参议院以35票对5票通过,但因当时整个立法机构未能采取行动而
流于失败。这将是第一个尝试此类举措的州。林说,尽管他即将卸任,但明年将由其他人代表他再次
提出同样的法案。“我在参议院的演讲中说,'我们可能是第一个这样做的州,也可以是第50个这样
做的州。这取决于我们的选择。这一切最终一定会发生,'”林说。
六级2022年9月 17G
)肯塔基州一项类似于佛罗里达州的法案引来了教育工作者的不满,随后进行了修订,以推进计算机科
学教育的动议,但没有提到对外语的要求。(39)相反,该州将为编程课程的高质量认证教师提供支
持。根据华盛顿法案,公立大学招生将要求申请者接受两年的计算机科学课程,而不是两年的外语课
程。一份详细阐述州立大学官员意见的报告将于2017年口月之前提交立法机构。
H
)得克萨斯州在2013年通过了一项法案,只允许学生在尝试上外语课但表现不佳后,可以转修计算机
编码作为替代。儿童友好型教学编码公司Tynker的首席技术官兼联合创始人斯里尼・曼迪亚姆认
为,允许学生因为感到困难而放弃学习外语是毫无益处的,(41)因为每门学科,无论是艺术、数学还是
语言,都对全面发展有着重要贡献。”许多学生在代数方面表现不好,但我们从未讨论过取消它……
或者说现在将化学课视为代数课「他通过电子邮件说。“我们教代数是因为它很重要,而我们教授外
语和编码也应该是出于同样的原因。广泛接触各类科目和材料才能培养出全面发展的学生,让他们
能够做出明智的决定……知道自己想要追求什么。”
I )
在28个州和哥伦比亚特区,计算机科学课程已经作为一门数学或科学学科纳入了高中毕业要求,而
2013年只有12个州设置这一要求。虽然该法案的倡导者表示,这些课程应该算作外语,但反对者却
强调平衡计算机和外语技能的重要性。
J )
根据美国外语教学委员会,有研究表明双语能力与认知发展、智力、记忆力和解决问题的能力相关。
(43)2007年的一项研究表明,仅需经过两年到三年的外语学习,学生在标准化测试中就有优于非外语
同龄人的表现。尽管2014年一份来自德国和美国大学的报告表明,程序员在理解代码时使用大脑的
语言(而不是数学)区域,但批评者仍持谨慎态度。他们说,无论认知功能如何,在日益国际化的经济
中,即使英语已经成为事实上的商业语言,单语仍是一种劣势。
K)
(38)“我们的世界正在缩小,但它的问题却是在增加「美国外语教学委员会年度国家语言教师泰
德 ・扎罗说。他在马萨诸塞州韦斯特伍德教高中拉丁语,并且还学习过西班牙语、法语、德语、意大利
语和希腊语。“我们需要找到一种方法,让自己立足于全球舞台并相互尊重。而学习语言能够让我们
做到这一点,因为语言不是文化的一部分,语言就是文化」
L)
(36)尽管语言带来了益处和一系列技能,但招聘人员和雇主更看重计算机技能。根据美国大学和雇
主协会2016年的报告,海外留学和外语流利度在员工招聘过程中影响不大,而55%的雇主在求职者
的简历中寻找的却是计算机技能。不过,尽管与其他工作相比,2016年计算机科学专业毕业生的起薪
有望在今年排名第二,但劳工局预测,到2024年,对计算机程序员的需求将减少8%,即26 500个工
作岗位。
M
)林表示,外语技能很重要,但他质疑学区是否能够以一种有效的方式将编码和语言同时纳入课程,因
为在校时间并没有那么多。“我并不是反对教授语言,”他说。“我只是认为这是必须尽早开始的事
情,而不是仅仅局限于高中几年的事情,“他说道。
N)
(45)扎罗赞成外语教育应该更早开始,但他说,计算机编程和外语学习可以在学校中均衡进行。他提
出了一个沉浸式的双语项目,学生半天用英语,半天用另一种语言,全国各地的几所学校已经成功实
施。“学习语言可以培养对多元化的尊重,对不同种族的尊重,以及对语言的真正尊重,”扎罗说。
O
)虽然计算机编程技能的好处是巨大的,但外语和编码专家都赞成计算机科学应该被纳入课程,而不是
完全取代外语。曼迪亚姆说,这两种技能都是必不可少的,但并不相关。“编码是我们孩子在21世纪
学习的一项非常重要的技能,这就是我们花这么多时间来教它的原因「曼迪亚姆在电子邮件中说。
“但我认为,它与学习一门外语是一样的,甚至可以说是相当的。如果为了增加其他东西,哪怕像编码
这样重要的东西,而失去了如此重要的东西,那将是一种耻辱。显然,教育领导者必须找到一种方法
来教授这两种技能」
Section C
Passage One
【文章来源】本文选编自2021年2月1 日刊登在 w w w p . h c p p r o s . c o m 网站上一篇标题为“Big Tech under Global
Pressure”(《全球压力下的大型科技公司》)的文章。
六级2022年9月 18【结构框图】
「第1段点出主题:所有主要经济大国都在想办法阻止科技公司获得垄断
!地位。
本文主要介绍了各主要 -« :第2段介绍了中国采取的反垄断措施。
I
经济大国对科技巨头垄
断式发展的担忧以及对
其采取的反垄断措施。
-O :第3、4段介绍了科技巨头垄断式发展的原因及影响。
-■©:’第5—7段分别介绍了欧洲国家、中国以及美国对反垄断的思考和做法。
I
答案详解
46 .【定位】由题干中的issue、all major economic 科技巨头越来越多地在银行、金融、广告、零售和
powers定位到首段第四、五句。 其他市场占据强大的地位,迫使小型企业依靠它
D)【精析】细节推断题。文章首段第四、五句指出,在 们的平台来接触客户。由此可知,这些小公司无法
一个问题上,所有这些国家的看法都是一致的:科 再独立于这些科技巨头来做生意,故答案为A)。
技公司规模太大,实力太强大,太有利可图。而且 【避错】第四段最后一句指出,这些小公司不得不
这种力量只可能增强,使得政府别无选择,而只能 依靠科技巨头的平台来接触客户,B)项与原文意
通过将公司告上法庭、通过新的竞争法,甚或拆分 思不符,故排除;文章并未提到小公司采取其他有
这些科技巨头来进行积极对抗。由此可知,各经 效策略来留住客户,故排除C)项;文章只提到,在
济大国必须做的事情是阻止科技公司获得垄断地 这个新的反垄断时代,过去对定价权的关注不再适
位,故答案为D)。 用,并未提及小公司的定价权问题,故排除D)项。
【避错】本段及整篇文章均主要指出,各国认为科 49 .【定位】由题干中的EU countries^ confront the
技公司发展过于迅速、实力过于强大,要采取相应 power of digital giants 定位到第五段。
措施阻止科技公司获得垄断地位,A)、B)项与文 B)【精析】事实细节题。第五段最后一句提到,在欧
章意思不符,故排除「拆分强大的巨型科技公司” 盟委员会竞争主管玛格丽特・维斯塔格的领导
是政府试图阻止科技公司获得垄断地位的其中一 下,各国都在寻求监管市场,并鼓励公平竞争,故
种手段,并非需解决的问题本身,故排除O 项。 答案为B)。
47 .【定位】由题干中的suspension和 Ant Group 【避错】第五段第二句指出,欧洲公司未能与硅谷
Co. 's stock offering定位到第二段第二句。 的创新相匹敌,也未能阻止谷歌和脸书收集个人
C)【精析】事实细节题。文章第二段第二句提到,在 数据,以及随之获取广告收入,由此可知它们对数
亿万富翁马云的蚂蚁科技集团股份有限公司出人 字巨头的广告监管不到位,A)项与文章意思不符,
意料地暂停了 370亿美元的股票发行之后,国家 故排除;文章并未提及欧盟国家对数字巨头产品
发布了这些规则草案,明确表示没有一家公司可 销售的限制,故排除C)项;文章最后一段指出,美
以逃避政府的监管。由此可知,该事件说明所有 国的反垄断专家认为应该考虑到隐私问题、对数
公司都必须受政府监管,故答案为C)。 据的控制等,这并非欧盟国家的举措,D)项与文章
r避错】文章第二段提到蚂蚁科技集团股份有限公 意思不符,故排除。
司暂停发行股票,意在说明中国公司需要受政府 50 .【定位】由题干中的Americans和 social media
的监管,并未提及逃避监管注定会失败,故排除 companies定位到最后一段。
A)项;蚂蚁科技集团股份有限公司暂停股票发行 C)【精析】事实细节题。最后一段最后两句指出,公
与垄断销售无关,故排除B)项;文章只提到中国 众普遍对社交媒体公司越来越怀疑。根据皮尤研
对科技公司采取的反垄断措施与美国和欧洲的相 究中心2020年的一项研究,超过60%的人认为这
一致,并未说明国内外公司一律平等,故排除 个行业对国家有负面影响,几乎一半的人希望对
D)项。 社交媒体进行更多的监管。由此可知,社交媒体
48 .【定位】由题干中的smaller companies定位到第 公司正逐渐失去人们的信任,故答案为C)。
四段最后一句。 【避错】文章最后一段提到,美国的反垄断专家认
A)【精析】细节推断题。文章第四段最后一句指出, 为应该考虑隐私问题,并未提及美国公众对社交
六级2022年9月 19媒体侵犯隐私的看法,故排除A)项;最后一段只 到各国政府对科技巨头发展态势的担心,并未提
提到,超过60%的人认为这个行业对国家有负面 及美国人对社交媒体公司发展失控的判断,D)项
影响,但未提及影响力大小,故排除B)项;文章提 与题干不符,故排除。
参考译文
近来,美国和中国在很多问题上意见不一。德国和法国有共同的边界和货币,但经常有分歧。英国和
印度喜欢按自己的节奏行事。(46)但在一个问题上,所有这些国家的看法都是一致的:科技公司规模太
大,实力太强大,太有利可图。而这种力量只可能增强,使得政府别无选择,而只能通过将公司告上法庭、
通过新的竞争法,甚或拆分这些科技巨头来进行积极对抗。
中国是最新实施反垄断制裁的国家,上个月公布了反垄断规则。(47)在亿万富翁马云的蚂蚁科技集
团股份有限公司出人意料地暂停了 370亿美元的股票发行之后,国家发布了这些规则草案,明确表示没有
一家公司可以逃避政府的监管。在中国采取上述行动的同时,美国和欧洲也在加紧控制亚马逊、苹果、脸
书和谷歌公司。
“大公司越做越大,但却没有变得更好,”欧洲议会的德国议员安德烈亚斯・施瓦布说。他曾在2014
年支持了一项拆分谷歌的决议。”不断增长的经济实力,对世界各地地方市场日益增长的影响,以及对竞
争者和消费者日益增长的担忧,所有这一切导致了现在的结果」
在这个新的反垄断时代,过去对定价权的关注不再适用,因为几家最大的科技公司通过几乎不向消费
者收取费用,建立了万亿美元的垄断地位。(48)科技巨头越来越多地在银行、金融、广告、零售和其他市场
占据强大的地位,迫使小型企业依靠它们的平台来接触客户。
多年来,欧洲独自对抗着数字巨头的力量。各国政府担心,欧洲公司未能与硅谷的创新相匹敌,也未
能阻止谷歌和脸书收集个人数据,以及随之获取广告收入。(49)在欧盟委员会竞争主管玛格丽特・维斯
塔格的领导下,各国都在寻求监管市场,并鼓励公平竞争。
在中国,制裁的动力至少部分原因是担心本土科技产业变得过于强大。长期以来,中国一直支持阿里
巴巴和腾讯,但它们对中国公民数据的大量积累让中国政府越来越担心。
在美国,新一代的反垄断专家认为,应该考虑隐私问题、对数据的控制、工人的权利以及对小型公司的
整体影响。(50)而且公众普遍对社交媒体公司越来越怀疑。根据皮尤研究中心2020年的一项研究,超过
60 %的人认为这个行业对国家有负面影响,几乎一半的人希望对社交媒体进行更多的监管。
Passage Two
【文章来源】本文选自2017年12月18日刊登在 h t t p s j / a p n e w s . c o m 上一篇标题为“The Travel Industry Has
Sparked a Backlash against Tourists by Stressing Quantity over Quality”(《旅游业因重数量轻质量而引发对游客
的抵制》)的文章。
【结构框图】
八「第 1、2段由国际旅游的盛行引出问题:旅游业因重数量轻质量而引发对游;
客的抵制。 :
「本文主要说明了目的地] : /------------------------------------------------------------------、
居民抵制游客的原因及一;® 第3—7段分析目的地居民抵制游客的原因。 :
其解决方法。 : '---------------------------- -------------------------------------/
\ / ।
第8-11段列举了游客对旅游目的地产生积极影响的做法。 ;
答案详解
51.【定位】由 题 干 中 的 popular assumption和 际旅游业流行的原因。紧接着第二句指出,旅游
international tourism 定位至悌一段。 业往往被描述为目的地国家和城市的经济引擎。
D )【精析】推理判断题。文章首段第一句提到现代国 文中motor原指“发动机,马达”,此处比喻促进经
六级2022年9月 20济发展的行业。由此可知,人们普遍认为国际旅 游业开发造成的负面影响,原文并未表明旅游目
游业有助于目的地国家和地区的经济发展。故答 的地居民感到沮丧的原因与此相关,故排除A)
案为D) o 项;第六段第一句提到cruise ships和 little
【避错】第三段虽然提到未加控制的旅游业开发已 opportunity,但指的是当地社区很少有机会获益
成为环境破坏的主要驱动因素,但原文并未表明 于游客在游轮上的消费,而非当地居民很少有机
旅游业带来的好处是否能弥补其不良环境影响, 会在游轮上享受玩乐,故排除B)项;第五段第二
故排除A)项;首段第一句指出,现代国际旅游业 句指出无法保证跨国连锁酒店会在当地社区公平
源自大规模航空旅行的通达性,而非人们生活水 分配旅游业所创造的就业机会,而非当地居民完
平的提高,故排除B)项;首段第一句表明现代国 全无法在跨国连锁酒店找到工作,故排除C)项。
际旅游业在拥有沙滩、阳光和海洋这些相对地理 54 .【定位】由题干中的 local residents in destination
优势的地区以“度假”的形式吸引了众多外国游 communities 和 tourism activity 定位到第七段。
客,而非当地居民,故排除C)项。 A)【精析】事实细节题。第七段第一句提到目的地社
52 .【定位】 由 题 干 中 的 studies和 uncontrolled 区的当地居民发现自己一直在适应新的文化边界、
tourism development 定位到第三段。 阶级动态、服务行业角色和生活方式转变。紧接着
B)【精析】事实细节题。第三段第一句提到未加控制 第二句具体举例进行说明,因为当地居民出现了同
的旅游业开发已成为社会和环境破坏的主要驱动 游客一样的种种不良行为,即当地居民在适应旅游
因素。紧接着第二句指出,旅游业研究提供了大 活动的负面影响,所以旅游活动相应地带来了社会
量文献资料证明该行业的众多负面社会影响以及 问题的增加。综合可知,目的地社区的当地居民对
由此导致当地居民对游客的怨恨。第四段第一句 旅游活动的回应是尽力去适应它。故答案为A)。
则进一步强调这种对游客的敌意通常出现在人满 【避错】第七段第一句只提到当地居民在适应生活
为患的成熟目的地。由此可知,对未加控制的旅 方式转变,并未提及其接受的态度,故排除B)项;
游业开发进行的一些研究表明它引起当地居民对 第七段第一句提到cultural boundaries,但指的是
游客的怨恨和敌意。故答案为B)。 当地居民在适应新的文化边界,而非让游客沉浸
【避错】第四段第二句提到在人满为患的成熟目的 于当地文化之中,故排除C)项;第七段第一句只
地发生了抗议活动,但并未表明其规模以及次数 表明当地居民在适应服务行业角色,并未提及他
增减,故排除A)项;第三段表明旅游业开发对当 们是否试图升级其商业模式,故排除D)项。
地社会和环境造成破坏,但未提及对当地经济的 55 .【定位】由题干中的tourists和positive impacts on
负面影响,故排除C)项;虽然第二段提到旅游业 the tourist destinations定位到最后一段第三句。
的爆发式发展每年促使12亿多游客跨越国界,但 C)【精析】推理判断题。最后一段第三句提到从长远
相关研究并未说明它对人口的影响,故排除D)项。 来看,做一个负责任的旅行者意味着确保对当地
53 .【定位】 由 题 干 中 的 local residents和 feel 人和当地环境只有积极影响。而前两句指出,本
frustrated定位到第五段。 土企业为当地居民提供直接的社会、环境和经济
D)【精析】推理判断题。第五段第一句提到当地方感 效益,应该得到市场回报。由此可知,负责任的旅
受不到旅游业带来的好处时,当地居民往往就会 行者应使用本土企业提供的服务,让本土企业从
变得沮丧。紧接着第二句进一步解释原因是旅游 中获利,从而对当地产生积极影响。故答案为O 。
业无法保证跨国连锁酒店会在当地社区公平分配 【避错】第九段第二句提到游客要做好准备适应当
这些好处。由此可知,当地居民经常感到沮丧是 地习俗与规范,而非对其表现出兴趣,故排除A)
因为他们无法公平获得旅游业带来的好处,即未 项;最后一段提到了当地公司应获得市场回报,但
获得应得的好处。故答案为D)。 未提及游客是否应对其投资,故排除B)项;第九
【避 错 】 第 三 段 第 一 句 提 到 social and 段第一句提到游客对旅游目的地的态度应该是尊
environmental disruption,但这是指未加控制的旅 重,但未提及游客对服务的评价,故排除D)项。
参考译文
源自大规模航空旅行通达性的现代国际旅游业,已在拥有沙滩、阳光和海洋这些相对优势的地区以
“度假”形式普及开来。(51)旅游通常被描述为个人成长的工具,而旅游业则往往被描述为目的地国家和
城市的经济引擎。人们倾向于认为旅游业有利于所有相关人员。.
六级2022年9月 21如今,旅游业的爆发式发展每年促使12亿多游客跨越国界。许多热门旅游地确实让人爱到要死。在
威尼斯和巴塞罗那等停靠港,近期针对游轮造成的骚乱而举行的抗议活动,显示出旅游业重数量轻质量所
导致的不幸后果。
(52,)未加控制的旅游业开发已成为社会和环境破坏的主要驱动因素。旅游业研究提供了大量文献
资料证明该行业的众多负面社会影响以及由此导致当地居民对游客的怨恨。
(52-2)对游客的敌意通常出现在人满为患的成熟目的地。而在此类地方发生的抗议活动表明传统旅
游已令人生厌。
(53)当地方感受不到旅游业带来的好处时,当地居民往往就会变得沮丧。虽然旅游业可以创造外汇、
收入和就业,但无法保证跨国连锁酒店会在当地社区公平分配这些好处。
恰恰相反,当人们住在大型度假胜地里或者游轮上时,他们的大部分消费都是在那里进行的,这让当
地社区很少有机会获益于游客消费。这些旅游形式扩大了目的地当地富人和穷人之间的经济与政治
差距。
(54)近几十年来,目的地社区的当地居民也发现自己一直在适应新的文化边界、阶级动态、服务行业
角色和生活方式转变。例如,数据显示,旅游活动相应地带来了社会问题的增加,因为当地居民出现了同
游客一样的种种不良行为。
这一切对于日常旅行者而言意味着什么?
首先,所有游客都应尽力尊重东道主,顾及当地情况。这意味着要做好准备适应当地习俗与规范,而
非期待当地情况来适应旅行者。
其次,旅游业是基于市场的活动,当消费者奖励表现较好的一方时,旅游业才能发挥最佳效果。在信
息时代,旅行者没有什么理由对其度假开销去向以及获利对象不知情。
(55)见多识广的旅行者还能更好地区分跨国公司和本土企业家,而本土企业为当地居民提供直接的
社会、环境和经济效益。这类企业热爱本土,因此应该得到市场回报。从长远来看,做一个负责任的旅行
者意味着确保对当地人和当地环境只有积极影响。随着信息触手可及,我们拥有前所未有的机会去做到
这一点。
Part N Translation
参考译文:
Pasting the Spring Festival couplets is an important custom for Chinese people to celebrate the Spring
Festival. The Spring Festival couplets consist of a pair of poems and a four-character horizontal scroll written in
gold or black on red paper, with red representing luck and gold representing wealth. The Spring Festival
couplets are pasted on the left and right sides of the gate and above the door frame. The lines of the Spring
Festival couplets embody the characteristics of traditional Chinese poetry, with two lines having the same
number of characters and related content. The horizontal scroll highlighting the theme of the Spring Festival
couplets is even the icing on the cake. People depict vivid images in simple words in the Spring Festival
couplets, expressing a beautiful vision. When every household puts up the Spring Festival couplets, people will
realize that the Spring Festival has officially kicked off.
六级2022年9月 222022年 9 月大学英语六级考试真题(二)写作和翻译
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Today
more and more people begin to realize the pleasures and joys of real-world social interaction. You can make
comments 9 cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least
150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考范文:
The Importance of Real-World Social Interaction
Today more and more people begin to realize the pleasures and joys of real-world social interaction. Only
by taking part in real-life activities, can we experience true happiness.
It cannot be denied that technology has certainly revolutionized interpersonal communication, but not all
of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive. We must acknowledge that excessive dependence on the
virtual world of networking alienates our connection with our families and friends as well as weakens our
communicative ability. Over time, people tend to feel empty. Instead, when we begin to cherish everything
around us in the real world and have a face-to-face talk with our families and friends, we will not feel alone
anymore but achieve inner peace. For example, we can put down the phone, meet friends to exercise together,
and go home to have dinner with our families.
As far as Fm concerned, our contact with real human beings can never be replaced by any interaction in
the virtual world. Therefore, it is high time that we put away our phones and participated in real social life.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
自古以来,印章在中国就是身份的凭证和权力的象征。印章不仅具有实用性,而且也是一种艺术形
式,是一门集书法与雕刻于一体的古老艺术,经常被看作与书画并列的独立艺术品。印章从材料的选择、
制作的工艺到字体的设计,都具有极其丰富的美学表现。其他国家的艺术家通常在其绘画作品上签名,而
中国艺术家则往往在其书画作品上盖上印章代替签名。这样,印章也就成为作品的组成部分,是体现作品
独特性的一种方式。
参考译文:
Since ancient times, the seal has been proof of identity and a symbol of power in China. The seal is not
only practical, but also an art form and an ancient art that combines calligraphy and sculpture. It is often seen
as an independent work of art alongside calligraphy and painting. The seal is extremely rich in aesthetic
expression, from the selection of materials the craftsmanship to the design of the typeface. Artists in other
?
countries usually sign their paintings, while Chinese artists often use seals instead of signatures on their
paintings and calligraphy. In this way, the seal also becomes an integral part of the work and is a way to reflect
its uniqueness.
注:2022年9 月六级考试共考了 1套听力、1套阅读、3篇写作与3篇翻译。第2套和第3套真题中的听力和阅读部分
不再重复出现。
六级2022年9月 232022年 9 月大学英语六级考试真题(三)写作和翻译
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence ”It is
now widely accepted that mutual trust and openness is the key to promoting cooperation. You can make
comments cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least
9
150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考范文:
The Importance of Mutual Trust and Openness in Promoting Cooperation
It is now widely accepted that mutual trust and openness is the key to promoting cooperation. As for me, I
totally agree with the idea that mutual trust and openness play a crucial role in boosting cooperation.
To begin with, the best bosses understand the art of delegation. It strongly suggests that mutual trust is the
premise of cooperation. With trust in each other, people of diverse temperaments ? experiences, thinking
modes and backgrounds can have a better understanding and communication, thus reducing unnecessary
conflicts and frictions and promoting cooperation. Second being open and inclusive reinforces the foundation
?
for win-win cooperation. The Belt and Road Initiative could serve as a perfect example. The initiative
welcomes countries along the routes to actively participate and invites friends from the rest of the world to join
this great project with open arms, which will provide an inclusive platform for all the countries involved.
In sum, at no time should we underestimate the power of mutual trust and openness to promote
cooperation. In conducting exchanges among colleagues or between countries, we need to be open and stick to
the principle of mutual respect and trust to seize the opportunities for win-win cooperation.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中央电视台总部大楼位于北京市朝阳区,总建筑面积约55万平方米。主楼由两座塔楼组成,因其独
特的造型,成为这座城市的一个热门景点,每天都吸引众多游客前来参观。大楼的创新结构是中外建筑师
长期合作的成果,不仅体现了环保意识,而且大大节约了建筑材料。中央电视台总部设有一条穿过大楼的
专用通道,向公众展示各个工作室以及中央电视台的历史。在那里,参观者还可以看到故宫和北京其他地
方的壮观景色。
参考译文:
China Central Television (CCTV) Headquarters Building is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a
total floor area of about 550,000 square meters. The main building consisting of two towers has become a
popular attraction of the city because of its unique shape, attracting many tourists every day. The innovative
structure of the building is attributed to the long-term collaboration between Chinese and foreign architects,
which not only reflects environmental awareness, but also greatly saves building materials. CCTV Headquarters
set up a dedicated passage through the building to show the public the various studios and the history of CCTV.
From there, visitors can also enjoy the spectacular views of the Forbidden City and other places in Beijing.
六级2022年9月 24