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大学英语六级考试2015年6月真题(第一套)
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on
the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. ” You can cite one
example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but
nomorethan200words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will
bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthe
four choices marked A ),B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
ConversationOne
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1. A)Persuadethemantojoinhercompany. C)Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.
B)Employthemostup-to-datetechnology. D)Expandtheirdomesticbusiness.
2. A)Thestatesubsidizessmallandmediumenterprises.
B)Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.
C)Theycancompetewiththebestdomesticmanufacturers.
D)Theyhaveacostadvantageandcanchargehigherprices.
3. A)Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.
B)Moreworkerswillbeneededtodopackaging.
C)Theymightlosetoforeignbikemanufacturers.
D)Itisverydifficulttofindsuitablelocalagents.
4. A)Reporttothemanagement. C)Conductafeasibilitystudy.
B)Attractforeigninvestments. D)Consultfinancialexperts.
ConversationTwo
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5. A)Coalburntdailyforthecomfortofourhomes.
B)Anythingthatcanbeusedtoproducepower.
C)Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.
D)Electricitythatkeepsallkindsofmachinesrunning.
6. A)Oilwillsoonbereplacedbyalternativeenergysources.
B)Oilreservesintheworldwillbeexhaustedinadecade.
C)Oilconsumptionhasgivenrisetomanyglobalproblems.
D)Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby2025.
7. A)Minimizetheuseoffossilfuels.
B)Startdevelopingalternativefuels.
C)Findtherealcauseforglobalwarming.
D)Takestepstoreducethegreenhouseeffect.8. A)Theyreleaseharmfulsubstanceswhentheyareburned.
B)Theydissolveinthewaterandcauseawasteofwater.
C)Theyreleasepoisonousgasandleadtopollution.
D)Theyareburnedinefficientlyresultinginawasteofresources.
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,you
will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A),B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
singlelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9. A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends. C)Yearsofpracticalexperience.
B)Arefinedtasteforartisticworks. D)Strictprofessionaltraining.
10.A)PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialties.
B)Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.
C)Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoverseas.
D)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.
11.A)Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.
B)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.
C)Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.
D)Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.
PassageTwo
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Joininneighborhoodpatrols.
B)Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.
C)Voicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.
D)Makesuggestionstothelocalauthorities.
13.A)Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.
B)Increaseofpolicepatrolsatnight.
C)Renovationofthevacantbuildings.
D)Violationofcommunityregulations.
14.A)Theymaytakealongtimetosolve.
B)Theyneedassistancefromthecity.
C)Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.
D)Theyaretoobigforindividualefforts.
15.A)Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.
B)Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisseat.
C)Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.
D)Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.
SectionC
Directions: In this section, youwill hearthreerecordingsoflectures or talks followed by
threeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then
markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.A)ThedifficultiesofindustrializationinNorthAmerica.
B) Theinfluenceofindustrializationonpeople’slife.
C)ThenegativeeffectofindustrializationinNorthAmerica.
D)Improvedwaysoforganizingthemanufacturingofgoods.
17.A)Toprovideanexampleofhowentrepreneursincreasedoutputbyusinganextendedworksystem.
B)Toprovideanexampleofhowentrepreneursusedtechnologicalimprovementstoincreaseoutput.
C)Toprovideanexampleofhowruralworkersrespondedtoshoebosses.
D)Toprovideanexampleofhowchangesintheworksystemimprovedthequalityofshoes.
18.A)Theywerelocatedawayfromlargecities.
B)Theyusednewtechnologytoproducepower.
C)Theydidnotallowflourtocoolbeforeitwasplacedinbarrels.
D)Theycombinedtechnologywiththeworksystem.
19.A)Itbecameeasierforfactoryownerstofindworkersandcustomers.
B)Manufacturershadtoemploymorehighlyskilledworkers.
C)Theamountofpowerrequiredforfactories’operationwasreduced.
D)Factoriescouldoperatemorethanoneengineatatime.
Questions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
20.A)TheCivilWar.
B)Aneconomicdepression.
C)Arecognitionthatromanticismwasunpopular.
D)Anincreasedinterestinthestudyofcommonspeech.
21.A)Becausehewrotehumorousstoriesandnovels.
B)Becauseherejectedromanticismasaliteraryapproach.
C)BecausehewasthefirstrealistwriterintheUnitedStates.
D)BecauseheinfluencedAmericanprosestylethroughhisuseofcommonspeech.
22.A)HemainlywroteabouthistoricalsubjectssuchastheCivilWar.
B)Hisnovelsoftencontainedelementsofhumor.
C)Heviewedhimselfmoreasasocialobserverthanasaliteraryartist.
D)Hebelievedwritersshouldemphasizethepositiveaspectsoflife.
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
23.A)Theyhaveremainedbasicallyunchangedfromtheiroriginalforms.
B)Theyhavebeenabletoadapttoecologicalchanges.
C)Theyhavecausedrapidchangeintheenvironment.
D)Theyarenolongerinexistence.
24.A)ExtinctionofspecieshasoccurredfromtimetotimethroughoutEarth’shistory.
B)ExtinctionsonEarthhavegenerallybeenmassive.
C)TherehasbeenonlyonemassextinctioninEarth’shistory.
D)Dinosaursbecameextinctmuchearlierthanscientistsoriginallybelieved.
25.A)Extinctionsduringthepast25millionyearshavetendedtobemoreintenseevery2.6millionyears.
B)ThetheorythattheperiodicextinctionhadsomethingtodowiththeEarth’smovementisonlyaspeculation.
C)Thisfindingwasalreadyconfirmedbythemostprestigiousscientistsintheworld.
D)Aspecies’survivaltotallydependsonitsabilityorinabilitytoadapt.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
SectionA.
Directions：Inthis section,thereis apassagewith tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselect
onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank
is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the
bankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Innovation,the elixir (灵丹妙药) ofprogress,hasalways costpeopletheir jobs.
IntheIndustrialRevolutionhandweaverswere __26__ asidebythemechanicalloom.
Over thepast30years the digitalrevolutionhas __27__ many ofthe mid-skill jobs
that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and
manyproduction-linejobshavebeendispensedwith,justastheweaverswere.
For those who believe thattechnological progress has made the world a better place,
suchdisruption is a naturalpartofrising __28__ .Although innovation kills some jobs,it
creates new and better ones, as a more __29__ society becomes richer and its
wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three
American workers was __30__ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more
food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered __31__, but found better-paid
work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has __32__,
butthereareevermorecomputerprogrammersandwebdesigners.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of
technology may make themselves evident faster than its __33__ Even if new jobs and
wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge
socialdislocationandperhapsevenchangingpolitics.Technology’s __34__ willfeel
like a tornado (旋风)，hitting the rich world first, but __35__ sweeping through poorer
countriestoo.Nogovernmentispreparedforit.
A)benefits K) rhythm
B) displaced L) sentiments
C)employed M)shrunk
D)eventually N)swept
E) impact O)withdrawn
F) jobless
G)primarily
H)productive
I) prosperity
J)responsive
SectionB
Directions：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewith tenstatementsattached
to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify, the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more
than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhytheMonaLisaStandsOut
[A]Haveyoueverfallenforanovelandbeenamazednottofinditonlistsofgreatbooks?
Or walked around a sculpture renowned asa classic, struggling to see whatthe fuss is
about? If so, you’ve probably pondered the question a psychologist, James Cutting,
askedhimself:Howdoesaworkofartcometobeconsideredgreat?
[B] The intuitive answer is that some works of art are just great: of intrinsically superior
quality. The paintings that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes and
reproducedinbooksaretheonesthathaveprovedtheirartisticvalueovertime.Ifyou
can’tseethey’resuperior,that’syourproblem. It’s anintimidatinglyneatexplanation.
But some social scientists have been asking awkward questions of it, raising the
possibility that artistic canons (名作目录) are little more than fossilised historical
accidents.
[C] Cutting, a professor at Cornell University, wondered if a psychological mechanism
known asthe “mere-exposure effect” played arole in decidingwhich paintings rise to
thetopoftheculturalleague.Cuttingdesignedanexperimenttotesthishunch(直觉).
Over alecturecourseheregularly showedundergraduatesworks ofimpressionismfor
two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings were canonical, included in art-history
books. Others were lesser known butof comparable quality. These were exposed four
timesasoften.Afterwards,thestudentspreferredthemtothecanonicalworks,whilea
control group of students liked the canonical ones best. Cutting’s students had grown
tolikethosepaintingsmoresimplybecausetheyhadseenthemmore.
[D] Cutting believes his experiment offers a clue as to how canons are formed. He points
out that the most reproduced works of impressionism today tend to have been bought
by five or six wealthy and influential collectors in the late 19th century. The
preferences of these men bestowed (给予) prestige on certain works, which made the
works more likely to be hung in galleries and printed in collections. The fame passed
downtheyears,gaining momentumfrommere exposureasitdidso.Themorepeople
were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more they liked it, the more it
appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and
criticscreatedsophisticatedjustificationsforits preeminence(卓越).Afterall,it’snot
just the masses who tend to rate what they see more often more highly. As
contemporary artists like Warhol and Damien Hirst have grasped, critics’ praise is
deeply entwined (交织) with publicity. “Scholars”, Cutting argues, “are no different
fromthepublicintheeffectsofmereexposure.”
[E] The process described by Cutting evokes a principle that the sociologist Duncan
Watts calls “cumulative advantage”: once a thing becomes popular, it will tend to
become more popular still. A few years ago, Watts, who is employed by Microsoft to
study the dynamics of social networks, had a similar experience to Cutting‘s in
anotherParis museum. Afterqueuingtoseethe“MonaLisa”inits climate- controlled
bulletproof box at the Louvre, he came away puzzled: why was it considered so
superior to the three other Leonardos in the previous chamber, to which nobody
seemedtobepayingtheslightestattention?
[F] When Watts looked into the history of “the greatest painting of all time”, he
discoveredthat,formostofits life,the“MonaLisa”remainedinrelative obscurity. In
the 1850s, Leonardo da Vinci was considered no match for giants of Renaissance art
like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the
“Mona Lisa”. It was only in the 20th century that Leonardo’s portrait of his patron’s
wife rocketed to the number-one spot. What propelled it there wasn’t a scholarly re-
evaluation,butatheft.[G]In 1911 a maintenance worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the
“Mona Lisa” hidden under his smock (工作服). Parisians were shocked at the theft of
a painting to which, until then, they had paid little attention. When the museum
reopened, people queued to see the gap where the “Mona Lisa” had once hung in a
way they had never done for the painting itself. From then on, the “Mona Lisa” came
torepresentWesterncultureitself.
[H]Although many have tried, it does seem improbable that the painting’s unique status
can be attributed entirely to the quality of its brushstrokes. It has been said that the
subject’s eyes follow the viewer around the room. But as the painting’s biographer,
Donald Sassoon, dryly notes, “In reality the effect can be obtained from any portrait.”
Duncan Watts proposes that the “Mona Lisa” is merely an extreme example of a
generalrule. Paintings, poems andpopsongs arebuoyed (使浮起) orsunk by random
eventsorpreferencesthatturnintowavesofinfluence,passingdownthegenerations.
[I] “Saying that cultural objects have value,” Brian Eno once wrote, “is like saying that
telephones have conversations.” Nearly all the cultural objects we consume arrive
wrapped in inherited opinion; our preferences are always, to some extent, someone
else’s. Visitors to the “Mona Lisa” know they are about to visit the greatest work of
art ever and come away appropriately impressed—or let down. An audience at a
performance of “Hamlet” know it is regarded as awork of genius, so that is what they
mostlysee.WattsevencallsthepreeminenceofShakespearea“historicalaccident”.
[J] Although the rigid high-low distinction fell apartin the 1960s, we still use culture as a
badge of identity. Today’s fashion for eclecticism (折衷主义)—“Ilove Bach,Abba
and Jay Z” — is, Shamus Khan, a Columbia University psychologist, argues, a new
way for the middle class to distinguish themselves from what they perceive to be the
narrowtastesofthosebeneaththeminthesocialhierarchy.
[K]Theintrinsicqualityofaworkofartisstartingtoseemlikeitsleastimportantattribute.
But perhaps it’s more significant than our social scientists allow. First of all,a work
needs a certain quality to be eligible to be swept to the top of the pile. The “Mona
Lisa” may not be a worthy world champion, but it was in the Louvre in thefirst
place,andnotbyaccident.Secondly, some stuffis simplybetterthanotherstuff. Read
“Hamlet” after reading even the greatest of Shakespeare’s contemporaries, and the
differencemaystrikeyouasunarguable.
[L]A study in the British Journal of Aesthetics suggests that the exposure effect doesn’t
work the same way on everything, and points to a different conclusion about how
canons are formed. The social scientists are right to say that we should be a little
sceptical of greatness, and that we should always look in the next room. Great art and
mediocrity (平庸)can get confused, even by experts. But that’s why we need to see,
and read, as much as we can. The more we’re exposed to the good and the bad, the
betterweareattellingthedifference.Theeclecticistshaveit.
36. According to Duncan Watts, the superiority of the “Mona Lisa” to Leonardo’s other
worksresultedfromthecumulativeadvantage.
37. Somesocialscientistshaveraiseddoubtsabouttheintrinsicvalueofcertainworksofart.
38. Itisoftenrandomeventsorpreferencesthatdeterminethefateofapieceofart.
39. In his experiment, Cutting found that his subjects liked lesser known works better than
canonicalworksbecauseofmoreexposure.
40. Theauthorthinksthegreatnessofanartworkstillliesinitsintrinsicvalue.
41. It is true of critics as well as ordinary people that the popularity of artistic works is
closelyassociatedwithpublicity.
42. We need to expose ourselves to more art and literature in order to tell the superior fromtheinferior.
43. A study of the history of the greatest paintings suggests even a great work of art could
experienceyearsofneglect.
44. Cultureisstillusedasamarktodistinguishonesocialclassfromanother.
45. Opinionsaboutandpreferencesforculturalobjectsareofteninheritable.
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),
C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person’s
influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected
tobeconfirmed as thenext chairof theFederalReserve Bank(Fed) in January, nowfinds
herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social
concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerfulperson in the
worldrightnow.
Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed,
central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global
economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a
Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed’s $3.8 trillion money dump.
A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a
kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime ( 次级债)
meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and
mostunconventionalmonetaryprograminhistorywithoutderailingthefragilerecovery.
ThegoodnewsisthatYellen,67,is particularlywellsuitedto meetthesechallenges.
She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections
anda strongbelief thathuman suffering was more related to unemploymentthan anything
else.
Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the
neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly
dividedbetweenthewell-off andthe long-term unemployed, more people worryaboutthe
opposite,deflation(通货紧缩)thatwouldaggravatetheeconomy’sproblems.
Eitherway, theincomingFed chief willhave towalk afine line inslowly endingthe
stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles ( 去泡沫) and bring markets back
downtoearthbutnotsoquickthatitcreatesanothercreditcrisis.
Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry’s
argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has
beentooslackonregulationoffinance.
Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%,
stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As
Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, “She’s smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to
argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility.” All those
traits will beusefulas the globaleconomy’s new power player takes onits mostannoying
problems.56.WhatdomanypeoplethinkisthebiggestproblemfacingJanetYellen?
A)Lackofmoney.
B)Subprimecrisis.
C)Unemployment.
D)Socialinstability.
57.WhatdidYellenhelptheFeddototacklethe2008financialcrisis?
A)Takeeffectivemeasurestocurbinflation.
B)DeflatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.
C)Formulatepoliciestohelpfinancialinstitutions.
D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.
58.Whatisagreaterconcernofthegeneralpublic?
A)Recession.
B)Deflation.
C)Inequality.
D)Income.
59.WhatisYellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?
A)Developanewmonetaryprogram.
B)Restorepublicconfidence.
C)Tightenfinancialregulation.
D)Reformthecreditsystem.
60.HowdoesAlanBlinderportrayYellen?
A)Shepossessesstrongpersuasivepower.
B)Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing.
C)Sheisoneoftheworld’sgreatesteconomists.
D)SheisthemostpowerfulFedchiefinhistory.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public
parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to
breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking butthey flock
there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and
peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not
at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If
humanbeingscanbreatheandshareair,theydon’tneedtostrugglewithoneanother.
Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians
give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite
proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a
crime.Wealthycountriesareevenallowedtopolluteiftheypayforit.
But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in
silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us
to care for our breath, notonly at a vital butalso at a spiritual level. The interdependence
to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the
plant world. Often described as “the lungs of the planet”, the woods that cover the earth
offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air
polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy
life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to
regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of
fossilfuelsisanexplosiverecipeforanirreversibledisaster.
Thefightover theappropriationofresourceswillleadtheentire planettohellunless
humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task issimultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it
uponherselforhimself andonlywhenitisaccomplished togetherwith others.Thelesson
taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while
dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to
view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and
growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our
disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with
baresurvival.
61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle
witheachother?
A)Togettheirshareofcleanair
B)Topursueacomfortablelife.
C)Togainahighersocialstatus.
D)Toseekeconomicbenefits.
62.Whatdoestheauthoraccusewesternpoliticiansof?
A)Deprivingcommonpeopleoftherighttocleanair.
B)Givingprioritytotheoryratherthanpracticalaction.
C)Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.
D)Failingtopasslawstocurbenvironmentalpollution.
63.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?
A)Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.
B)Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.
C)Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.
D)Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.
64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the plant according to the
author?
A)Byshowingrespectforplants.
B)Bypreservingallformsoflife.
C)Bytappingallnaturalresources.
D)Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.
65.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernotjusttosurvive?
A)Expandthesphereofliving.
B)Developnature’spotentials.
C)Sharelifewithnature.
D)Allocatetheresources.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
ChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻,其城市人口首次超
过农村人口。在未来20年里,预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的
城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为
本”的发展理念,强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约
和环境友好型"社会。有了这个明确的目标,中国城市就可以更好地规划其发
展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
