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姓名： 班级
Unit 4
4.2 Discovering Useful Structures
一、基础巩固
1.单句语法填空
1．These old people have experienced all kinds of (suffer) in their difficult times．
2．They treat me as if I (be) a stranger．
3． (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude．
4．I’m (shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter．
5．It rained for two weeks on end, completely (ruin) our holiday．
6．Around 540 million people (affect) by secondhand smoke, which causes 100，000
deaths per year．
7． (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened．
8．Though (suffer) such a heavy loss，the boss didn’t lose the courage to go on with his
business．
9．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely
(destroy)．
10．When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was nervous to say a word．
答案：1.sufferings 2.were 3.Trapped 4.shocked 5.ruining
6.are_affected 7.Buried 8.suffering 9.destroyed 10.too
II.完成句子
1．我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。
I suggest that you should stay here ．
2．这男孩太小了，还不会自己穿衣服
The boy is ．
3．可怕的地震使整个城市在15秒内变成废墟。
The terrible earthquake_ in 15 seconds．
4．面对灾难，我们应该保持积极的心态，为更美好的未来重建家园。
In times of disaster, we should ．
5．我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I’m grateful that you the difficult situation．
6．有这么多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去看电影。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂,_I can’t go out to see a film with you．
答案：1.as if nothing had happened
2.Too young to dress himself
3.left the whole city in ruins
4.Stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future
5.Have rescued me from
6.With so much work to do
III.根据语境填入适当的关系代词和关系副词。
Tornadoes are strong winds 1._____________ can cause great damage. It is not easy to know where
they will go, so it can be difficult to warn people 2.______________ might be affected. In order to learn
more about how tornadoes form and move, some brave researchers 3.______________ job is to explore the
causes of tornadoes. They chase storms in order to collect more detailed information firsthand. Of course,
the researchers have special equipment 4.__________________ can record detailed information, but they
need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.
1. 【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是 winds， 定语从句缺少主语，用关系代
词that/which。
2. 【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是 people， 定语从句缺少主语，用关系代
词who/that。
3. 【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是some brave researchers， 定语从句缺少一个定
语，而whose在定语从句中做定语，用关系代词whose。
4. 【答案】which/that。
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是 special equipment，定语从句缺少主语，用
which/that.
IV.Translation.
1. 一倒进去滚开水，这个玻璃杯就会破裂。(crack)
The glass will crack if you pour boiled water into it .
2. 你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。(crack)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂You may crack these nuts with a hammer.
3. 她跑得飞快好像魔鬼在追她似的。(as if)
She ran as if a monster were after her.
4. 雨后玉米苗像变魔术一般的长起来了。(as if)
After the rain the corn shot up as if by magic.
5. 士兵们进行了一场斗殴并毁坏了酒吧间。(ruin)
Soldiers got in a fight and ruined the bar.
6. 百分之二十的产品外销。(percent)
Twenty percent of the products are exported.
7. 我百分之百同意你的看法。
I am a hundred percent in agreement with you.
8. 她丈夫是个砌砖匠。(brick)
Her husband is a brick layer.
9. 木头漂在水面上,而金属却下沉。(metal)
Wood floats on the water but metal sinks.
10. 听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。(shock)
It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill.
V.语篇语法填空（共10小题）
The National Weather Service (NWS) reported that the Tittabawassee River was at least ten 1．
(foot) above flood level, and still rising. Under the growing pressure of the water, the Edenville dam and
the Sanford dam broke on 19, May, 2020.
The flooding has covered many roads and bridges in Midland County. For 2 ． ( safe) , so far the
Michigan National Guard 3． ( help) in moving around 11,000 people in the nearby towns of
Edenville, Sanford, and Midland from their homes.
Midland is home to the Dow Chemical Company, 4 ． raises other worries. The company has
large chemical tanks in Midland which, if 5 ． (flood),could release(释放)dangerous chemicals into
the river.
For decades, Dow released dangerous chemical pollution into the Tittabawassee River.6． a
result, there is an area farther downstream that is7． (heavy) polluted. The chemicals there have
settled into the mud on the river bottom and in the areas along the river. The area was supposed 8．
(clean) up next year. Now there are concerns that the strong flood waters could make the 9． (harm)
chemicals come out and release them back into the river. This could cause serious problems, and would
make any cleanup far 10． difficult.
【答案与解析】
1. 考查名词的数。此处foot意为“英尺”为可数名词，由ten判断用复数形式，故填feet。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂2. 考查名词。此处应用名词作为介词for的宾语，故填safety。
3. 考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，根据 so far判断为现在完成时，主语 the
Michigan National Guard是第三人称单数，故填has helped。
4. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，
它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
5. 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知，此处是 if 引导的条件状语从句，完整的句子是 The
company has large chemical tanks in Midland which, if the company was flooded, could release dangerous
chemicals into the river. 因主从句的主语一致，且从句有was，故省略了从句的the company was，故
填flooded。
6. 考查介词。此处考查固定短语as a result“因此”，故填As。
7. 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词polluted，故填heavily。
8. 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，又逻辑主语area和clean
之间是被动关系，故应用不定式的被动形式to be done，故填to be cleaned。
9. 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词chemicals，故填harmful。
10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：这会导致严重的问题，同时也会让任何清理变得更困难。根据句意
和far判断此处应用形容词比较级，又difficult的比较级是more difficult，故填more。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
二、拓展提升
1.阅读理解
A
Jack Frost has paid another visit to the Midwest. For the second time this week, a major
winter storm has left people from Oklahoma to the Great Lakes struggling to stay safe and
warm. Heavy, wet snow has shut down major highways, put off flights and left hundreds of
thousands of Midwesterners without power. "It's just snow. That's all we can see," said
Shannon Wickware of Woodward, Ohio.
The storm began in Texas on Sunday and rapidly traveled north. A gust of wind pushed
the storm up towards Oklahoma, bringing fifteen inches of snow to parts of Oklahoma. It then
moved east and hovered over Chicago, dropping four inches of wet snow on top of the city
and its suburbs. Airlines canceled (取消) nearly 500 flights at Chicago's O'Hare and Midway
airports. Later, the storm swept Ohio, causing a lot of problems for the local people. Taking
into account the safety of their students in the storm, many schools in the affected areas either
put off opening or did not open at all.
In Kansas City, Missouri, up to ten inches of snow had fallen before midday on Tuesday.
The city's mayor, Sly James, declared a state of emergency. Most government and office
buildings were shut down. Some hospitals were forced to close urgent-care clinics.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂While heavy snowfall is not usual for this part of the country at this time of year, it is the
amount of moisture (湿气) in the snow that makes conditions extra "treacherous". When snow
is especially wet, it weighs down trees and brings down power lines. Roofs can cave in under
the pressure and roads can become very icy. The power lines have cut off electricity to more
than 100,000 homes and businesses in the Midwest.
As snow falls and the temperature continues to drop, people are preparing the best they
can to stay dry and safe. The bad weather is making travel difficult for even snowplows (扫雪
机) and repair vehicles.
1. What's the CORRECT order of the places that the snowstorm passed?
a. Chicago b. Oklahoma c. Texas d. Ohio
A. d-c-a-b B. b-c-a-d C. a-d-b-c D. c-b-a-d
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 The storm began in Texas on Sunday...towards
Oklahoma, bringing fifteen inches of snow to parts of Oklahoma. It then moved east and
hovered over Chicago…Later, the storm swept Ohio…可知答案。
2. What can be inferred about Kansas City, Missouri?
A. It was seriously affected by the snowstorm.
B. It had never experienced such a big storm before.
C. It was hit worse than any other city by the storm.
D. It wasn't hit as badly as expected by the storm.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段的…up to ten inches of snow had fallen before
midday on Tuesday ... Most government and office buildings were shut down. Some hospitals
were forced to close urgent-care clinics.可知这场暴风雪对这座城市的影响很大。
3. What does the underlined word "treacherous" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Pleasant. B. Dangerous. C. Natural. D. Amazing.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的When snow is especially wet, it weighs down trees
and brings down power lines. Roofs can cave in under the pressure and roads can become
very icy.可知treacherous意为“危险的”。
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Midwest was hit by snowstorms twice.
B. Schools in America have been closed because of a storm.
C. America has very severe weather this winter.
D. Another major winter storm swept through the Midwest.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻，主要报道了美国的中西部遭受了新一轮的暴风
雪袭击。
B
Maggie, a girl of thirteen years old, lived on the west coast of the United States. She had
never experienced an earthquake before; she only prepared for it. As long as she could
remember, preparing for an earthquake was common at her school. Her family had made
plans as well in case of a natural disaster.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂One day, Maggie arrived home from school at the usual time. However, it was not the
same as usual. She was home alone. Her mom would be driving home on the busy freeway
and her dad was to arrive at the airport. He was coming home from a two-week business trip.
After finishing her homework, Maggie felt a little hungry, so she went to the kitchen to
find something to eat. Just then she felt a shake, then the violent shaking. Maggie quickly ran
under the large table in the dining room. The sounds of breaking glass and the crashing of
many things were deafening, and Maggie hugged herself in fear.
After what seemed like a very long time, the earthquake appeared to be over. Maggie
could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement. And there was the smell of
natural gas in the air. Maggie knew where the main water valve (阀门) was and how to turn it
off. Dad had shown her before.
Slowly and carefully she came out from under the table. The once tidy home was then
almost unrecognizable. Walls had fallen down and many things in the room were in a mess.
As Maggie approached the open basement door, she could see the steps. Carefully she made
her way down into the dark basement.
While placing her feet firmly on the floor, Maggie felt a sudden pain as a large wood hit
her head and shoulder. She fell unconscious onto a pile of boxes. An hour later, she woke up
and found her parents beside her. She was happy that she was still alive!
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. Earthquakes are the main natural disasters in the US.
B. Maggie's parents taught her how to survive in an earthquake.
C. Earthquakes occur often in the west of the US.
D. Maggie has some self-help awareness in earthquakes.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段 As long as she could remember, preparing for an
earthquake was common at her school.可推知，Maggie有在地震中自救的意识。
2. What does the underlined word "deafening" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Very loud. B. Quite familiar. C. Very distant. D. Quite strange.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中 Maggie hugged herself in fear.可知，玻璃破碎的声音
和许多东西的碰撞声让Maggie感到很害怕，故可知deafening意为“震耳欲聋的”，
由此可知答案。
3. What can we know about Maggie?
A. She was the only child in her family.
B. She was not afraid at all during the earthquake.
C. She was hurt when turning off the water valve.
D. She had experienced an earthquake before.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第四段 Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in
the basement.和第五段最后一句及第六段第一句可知，Maggie在关水阀的时候被木头砸
伤了。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. A story of a girl in an earthquake.
B. The importance of preparing for an earthquake.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C. The ways to escape from an earthquake.
D. The danger of an earthquake.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了一个居住在美国西海岸的小女孩 Maggie在地震中的经
历，由此可知答案。
C
During an earthquake, you should know what to do. If the earthquake strikes while you're
inside a house, you should lie on the floor under a strong table or other furniture (家具). If
there is no furniture, you can cover your head with your arms and keep still in the corner of
the room. You should keep away from windows, glass walls, or anything that can fall.
If you are in bed, hold firmly onto your bed and make use of a pillow (枕头) to
safeguard your head. You may use a doorway but only when it is close to you. You should
also consider whether it is strong enough to support the falling walls.
If you are running out, do not use lifts, even if they work. Electricity may go out at any
time. Many injuries happen when people try to rush out. This means you ought to stay in your
house or perhaps wherever you are.
When you are outdoors, you should stay far from buildings, power wires or lights. You
should be in the open until the quake stops. Remember that many earthquake deaths outside
the house come from falling walls, flying glass and other falling pieces.
If an earthquake strikes and you are driving, you should pull up to the side of the highway and
stop as quickly as possible. You are not supposed to stop under trees or buildings. Don't stop
in the middle of the street as it could trouble others.
When trapped, you shouldn't move. Your mouth should be covered with a piece of
clothing or a handkerchief. This is because it is possible for you to take in some dust (灰尘).
Do not shout whenever possible. You should only shout in the end to get help from rescuers.
1. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To tell us what to do when an earthquake strikes.
B. To tell us the dangers of an earthquake.
C. To tell us how an earthquake happens.
D. To tell us what to prepare for an earthquake.
答案：A
解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者主要是讲地震发生时我们该怎么办，由此可
知答案。
2. What should you do if there's no furniture in the room during an earthquake?
A. Find something to support walls
B. Stay near the window.
C. Stay in the corner of the room.
D. Lie still on the floor.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段 If there is no furniture, you can cover your head with
your arms and keep still in the corner of the room.可知答案。
3. What are you supposed to do if you are in bed when an earthquake strikes?
A. Use a doorway wherever it is.
B. Stay in bed using a pillow to protect your head.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C. Stay under the bed to avoid injuries.
D. Get out of the bedroom as soon as possible.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 If you are in bed, hold firmly onto your bed and make
use of a pillow to safeguard your head.可知答案。
4. According to the passage, during an earthquake, you'd better _______.
a. use a lift to escape b. stay away from buildings
c. only shout when needed d. keep driving to escape
A. ad B. cd C. ab D. bc
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段 When you are outdoors, you should stay far from
buildings…和最后一段最后两句可知答案。
V.语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing．Mountain climbing equipment therefore
differs 1．____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2．____________ the two sports do have
many pieces of equipment in common．
Perhaps 3．____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4．
____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it．This
piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5．____________(climber) have several
carabiners on hand during a climb．
Mountain climbers also 6．____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐)．This tool is used
for different purposes according to 7．____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing
pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8 ．
____________(know) as crampons．Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9．____________(connect)
with the climber’s shoes．The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people
often choose the ice axe that 10．____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into
hard ice repeatedly．The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．from 解析：考查介词。differ from sth．与……不一样。
2．though/although 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管
这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，
指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers 解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是 most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填
climbers。
6．usually 解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its 解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性
物主代词，故填its。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂8．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，
故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are connected 解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故
填are connected。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
