文档内容
Unit 4 Body Language
课前积累 Part 2 Learning about Language
语法填空话题练：
Not all cultures greet each other the same way. That is, every country ___ 1 ___ (have) its own way to express
feelings. People communicate with unspoken language as well as ___ 2 ___ (speak) language. In Colombia, people
touch one’s shoulder and kiss one on ___3 __ cheek. In Britain, people don’t touch each other. In Japan, people bow
to each other when they meet. In France, people shake hands and kiss each other _4 __ (two) on each cheek. In
Jordan, men nod at women. People also express their feelings ___5__ (use) unspoken language through physical
__6___ (distant), actions or posture. For example, English people don’t usually stand very close to others or touch
strangers. However, people from Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others very closely and are more
likely ___7___ (touch) others. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in ___8___ cultures have
developed.__ 9 ___ general, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of
___10___ (culture) crossroads!
答案自查
1. has 2. spoken 3. the 4. twice 5. using 6. distance 7. to touch 8. which 9. In
10. cultural
课后培优练
级练
培优第一阶——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1．Food deliveries and single-use plastics may p________ threats to the environment.
【答案】pose
2．As these cups are handmade, each one varies ______ (略微，稍微).
【答案】slightly
3．We have had several preliminary sittings in various _____________(姿势).
【答案】poses
4．Xi’an __________(事变) had a deep influence on him at that time.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】Incident
5．A careful ____________(评定) of all students’ work is made by the head teacher.
【答案】assessment
6．However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large ________ (试用，实验) because research
resources were limited.
【答案】trials
7．Rubbish can absolutely ________ (造成) a threat to marine life when sea animals mistake plastics for food.
【答案】pose
8．Objective a________（评估） of the severity of the problem was difficult.
【答案】assessment
II. 选词填空
A．represent；B．formal；C．therefore；D．slightly；E. position
1．The boat is floating on the river________shaking from side to side.
2．Can you send me your exact________so that I can find you accordingly?
3．He decided to make a________apology for his improper behavior that day.
4．Tim had no solution to the mystery,and ________ he asked the expert for advice
5．They were chosen to________ our school to participate in the national competition.
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．B 4．C 5．A
III. 单句语法填空
1．On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North
Shore under the stars, ________( listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，我们被邀请去北岸一个美丽的农场
听一场私人音乐会，在星空下聆听音乐家的演奏，与有趣的当地人见面。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动
词作伴随状语，we与listen为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式表主动。故填listening。
2．The temperature had risen ________, but it was still very cold. (slight)
【答案】slightly
【详解】考查副词。句意：气温略有上升，但仍然很冷。空格处用副词修饰动词 risen，slight的副词是
slightly，意为“稍微”，故填slightly。
3．A third-party __________ (assess) shows that China has made remarkable progress in improving its business
environment, and the process is speeding up.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】assessment
【详解】考查名词。句意：第三方评估显示，中国在改善营商环境上，取得了显著进展，并在加快进程。
根据句意及A third-party可知，此处需使用名词assessment被形容词A third-party修饰，assessment意为“评
估”作为句子的主语。故填assessment。
4．He had developed a ____(slightly) American accent.
【答案】slight
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他已经有轻微的美国口音了。修饰后文名词accent应用形容词slight，作定语。
故填slight。
5．She ____________ (bend) to the ground and picked up a stone.
【答案】bent
【详解】考查时态。句意：她弯下腰捡起一块石头。结合句中的 picked可知，句子时态是一般过去时，
bend的过去式是bent。故填bent。
6．The celebrities________（pose）for a group photograph before the party.
【答案】posed
【详解】考查时态。句意：聚会前这些名人们合影留念。分析句子可知陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去
时，动词使用过去式。故填posed。
7．A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee
—still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”奖，因为他是英国年龄最大的全职
员工，但每周仍工作40个小时。此处作介词for的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填being。
8．When we got a call ________ (say)she was shortlisted，we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们接到电话说她进入候选人名单的时候，我们都认为这是个玩笑。
根据空白后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与
say是主动关系，故填saying。
9．We have to prevent the air from _____________(pollute).
【答案】being polluted/pollution
【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：我们必须阻止空气被污染。此空在介词from后充当宾语，可直接
用名词形式pollution，且是不可数名词，所以用pollution。也可以用动名词形式，此处表示阻止空气“被
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司污染”，所以用动名词的被动形式，即是being polluted，故填being polluted/pollution。
10．It’s no use _____________(complain) without taking action.
【答案】complaining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：抱怨而不采取行动是没有用的。根据固定句型 It’s no use doing sth.“做某
事是没用的”，可知，此处用动名词complaining，此句型中，it是形式主语，doing是真正的主语，故填
complaining。
11．We found it no good_____________(make) fun of others.
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现取笑别人是没用的。it作形式宾语，no good 作宾补。此处用动
名词doing做真正的宾语。综上，故填making。
12．The flowers need _____________(water).
【答案】watering/to be watered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些花需要浇水了。固定搭配need doing=need to be done“某事需要被做”
此处表示“花需要被浇水”，故填watering/to be watered。
IV. 翻译句子
1．We make assessments and references from body language, and according to these judgments, we approve of one
person and dislike another.（英译汉）
【答案】我们通过肢体语言进行评估和参考，根据这些判断，我们赞同一个人而不喜欢另一个人。
2．We all believe that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the readers. (英译汉)
【答案】我们都认为如果一本书有趣的话，它就一定能吸引读者。
3. When the girl got back home from work she saw a message pinned to the door reading “Sorry to miss you; I will
call later. ” (英译汉)
【答案】女孩下班回到家，她看到门上别着一个留言，上面写着: 很遗憾与你错过，之后我会打电话给你。
4．Mr White, tired of the boring TV play, started to read a novel. (英译汉)
【答案】怀特先生，厌倦了看令人生厌的电视剧，开始读一本小说。
5．The purpose of new teaching method is making study easier, not making it more difficult. (英译汉)
【答案】新的教学方法的目的是让学习更简单, 而不是使它更困难。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司培优第二阶——拓展培优练
阅读理解
（2021·全国·高二课时练习）A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a
marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers from the University of Bristol used Google
Ngram Viewer, an online database for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to look for more than 600
particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category
of fear was there an increase in usage.
“It is a steady and continuous decline,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained
by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to
books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional
content than books.”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal
PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behavior: the ratio (比率) between the two varied
greatly, apparently mirroring historical events. During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached its
highest point that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. Then, in 1941, the ratio plunged at
the height of World War II.
Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social
trends. In the paper, they even argue that the opposite could be true. “It has been suggested, for example, that it was
the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with
romance’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk
models reflect the average body.”
1．The study was carried out by way of_________.
A．scanning the books with an online scanner B．counting the number of words in the books
C．searching digitized texts for emotional wordsD．analyzing different topics of the books
2．Which of the following is one of the research findings?
A．Usage decreased in all the categories of mood words.
B．Usage of most mood words kept falling over time.
C．The decline was caused by the rise of other media.
D．The unfavorable position of literature led to the decline.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3．What does the underlined word “plunged” probably mean?
A．increased B．changed C．dropped D．twisted
4．The researchers suspect that _______________.
A．their research result reflected wider social trends.
B．their research result was the contrary of social trends.
C．there was a suppression of desire in Elizabethan English life.
D．catwalk models reflect the population better than songs and books.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。有研究发现，在各种类型的书籍中，表达情感的词汇用量在下降，单单表
达恐惧的词汇用量呈上升趋势，文章分析了造成这种情绪词汇下降的原因，指出表示快乐的词汇用量与表
示悲伤的词汇用量这两者的比率，间接反映出历史事件和社会趋势。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, an
online database for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to look for more than 600 particular words
identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise. (来自布里斯托尔大学的研究人员使用谷
歌Ngram Viewer——一个查找扫描书籍中词汇出现频率的在线数据库，寻找了600多个代表愤怒、不喜欢、
恐惧、高兴、悲伤和惊讶的特定词汇)”可知，这项研究是通过在数字化文本中搜索情感词汇来进行的。故
选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these ‘mood words’
over time. (他们发现，随着时间的推移，几乎所有类别的“情绪词汇”都有所下降)”可知，B选项“大多数
情绪词的使用随着时间的推移而不断下降”是研究发现之一。故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the
research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behavior: the ratio (比率)
between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events. During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness
ratio reached its highest point that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash.”可知“欢乐悲伤比
率”最高的两个时期分别是“咆哮的二十年代”和金融危机前，其他时期都遵循了普遍的下降趋势，故
1941年，在第二次世界大战最激烈的时候，这一比例在下降。画线词意思为“下降”。A. increased增加；
B. changed改变；C. dropped下降；D. twisted扭曲。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that
their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the opposite could be true. (然而，研究
人员对他们的结果反映了更广泛的社会趋势的说法持保留意见。在论文中，他们甚至认为，情况可能恰恰
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司相反)”可知，研究人员怀疑他们的研究结果与社会趋势相反。故选B。
语法填空
（2021·全国·高二课时练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形
式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Learning any language needs practice-lots of practise! It is of great ____27____ (significant) to practise English
on a daily basis, ____28____ will help you make it a habit to study English.
Listen to and read English every day. There ____29____ (be) a number of beginner-level listening and reading
materials that you can use. Books ____30____ (write) for children are also a great idea.
Open your mouth and speak even if you only speak to ____31____ (you). Speak out loud. Try to quickly
summarize ____32____ you have heard or read. Of course, it’s better if you can do this ____33____ a friend.
Find a friend and talk in English together a few times a week.
Take thirty minutes every day ____34____ at least four times a week ____35____ (practise) your English! If you
continue to do this, you ______36______ (find) how amazingly your English improves!
【答案及详解】
27．考查名词。句意：每天练习英语是很重要的，这将帮助你养成学习英语的习惯。分析可知，空前great
为形容词，所填空应是名词。“be of great+抽象名词”相当于“be+(very)+adj.”，意为“非常……”。故填
significance。
28．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：每天练习英语是很重要的，这将帮助你养成学习英语的习惯。分析可
知，“It is of great ____1____ (significant) to practise English on a daily basis”为之前主句的非限制性定语从
句，主句为先行词，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，意为“这”。故填which。
29．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有许多你可以使用的初学者水平的听力和阅读材料。分析可知，所填空
句式为“there be”句式中的be，采用就近原则，结合文中时态为一般现在时，主语“a number of beginner-
level listening and reading materials that you can use(一些你可以使用的初学者水平的听力和阅读材料)”为复数
概念，因此be动词应是are。故填are。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：为孩子们写的书也是个不错的主意。分析可知，句中已存在谓语“are”，因
此“____4____ (write) for children”应是之前名词“Books”的后置定语，与其之间为被动关系，应用过去分
词形式。故填written。
31．考查反身代词。句意：即使你只对自己说，也要开口说话。分析可知，所填空应是宾语，根据提供词
“you”可知，与主语you（你）相同，因此应用反身代词。故填yourself。
32．考查宾语从句。句意：尽量快速总结你所听到或读到的内容。分析可知，“____6____ you have heard
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司or read”应是宾语从句，从句中谓语“have heard or read”缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填what。
33．考查介词。句意：当然，如果你能和朋友一起这样做会更好。分析可知，空后为名词，所填空应是介
词起到媒介连接的作用从而使句意完整，“介词+a friend”在句中担当伴随状语。根据后文“Find a friend
and talk in English together a few times a week.(找一个朋友，每周一起用英语交谈几次。)”可知，这里应是强
调与朋友一起练习英语。故填with。
34．考查连词。句意：每天花三十分钟或至少一星期四次来练习你的英语! 分析可知，空前“every day”与
空后“at least four times a week”为并列选择关系，应用表达选择逻辑的并列连词or。故填or。
35．考查动词不定式。句意：每天花三十分钟或至少一星期四次来练习你的英语! take time to do sth，固定
结构，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填to practice/ practise。
36．考查时态。句意：如果你继续这样做，你会发现你的英语有多么惊人的提高! 分析可知，“If you
continue to do this”应是条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句为一般将来时。故填will find。
培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解
（2022·上海·模拟预测） A Universal Greeting: Shaking Hands
A handshake seems to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of
Shalmaneser III clearly shows two figures holding hands.The Iliad,usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that
two characters “taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of
two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the bookAs You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an
ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.
Historians who have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the
middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between
friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier?
According to author Torbjorn Lundmark in hisTales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the
World,the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were part
of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser 111 referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the King of
Babylon. In theIliad,Diomedes and Glaucus shook, hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Diomedes
declared: "Let's not try to kill each other." Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg —
the chief authority for the history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of ananthologycalledA Cultural History of
Gesture,“More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司only a few clues”.
One of the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelais'sGargantua
and Pantagruel.When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, “He was greeted by countless hugs and
countless good days." But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added references to shaking
hands.
A popular saying suggests that Cleland's statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a
potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more
hierarchical ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places,
like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time,
those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened,
handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.
13．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs?
A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.
B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.
C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction.
D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication.
14．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage?
A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace.
B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland.
C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement.
D．It is a common practice between people of different social positions.
15．Which of the following is similar in meaning to "anthology" in Para. 4?
A．the science of mental ability B．a collection of selected literary passages
C．a daily written record of experiences D．all the living things of a particular region
16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?
A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands.
B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries.
C．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands rather than bow.
D．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions.
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．B 16．C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“握手”这种通用的问候手势背后的起源和不同时期所代
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司表的不同意义。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Iliad,usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters
“taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters
who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the bookAs You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom
whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.(《伊利亚特》通常可以追溯到公元前8世纪，其中提到两
个人物“握手表示忠诚”。几个世纪后，莎士比亚在《皆大喜》一书中写道，两个人物握手并发誓成为兄
弟。握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，它的起源已经随着时间的流逝而消失了)”以及第二段“Historians who
have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th
century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what if
Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier? (研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家注意到，现
代的握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是只在朋友之间使用的一种稍微不恰当的手势。但如果莎
士比亚早在几百年前就写过握手呢？)”可推知，作者在前两段提到莎士比亚是为了说明握手是一个非常古
老的习俗。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Historians who have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modern
handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture
that could only be used between friends.(研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家注意到，现代的握手直到19世纪中叶
才出现，当时它被认为是只在朋友之间使用的一种稍微不恰当的手势)”以及第三段中“The early
handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace (上面提到的早期握手是达成协议或和平的一
部分)”可知，握手只用于朋友之间和达成协议。故选C。
15．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg — the chief authority for the
history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of an”以及后文“called A Cultural History of Gesture”可知，A
Cultural History of Gesture是荷兰社会学家赫尔曼Roodenburg写的一部文学作品，他在这部文学选集的一个
章节中写了关于握手历史的问题。故与画线词意思接近的是B选项“文学选集”。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical
ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in
Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those who
valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became
a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.(随着几个世纪的发展，握手被更分层次的问候
方式所取代，比如鞠躬。据Roodenburg说，在一些偏远的地方，握手依然存在，比如在荷兰的一些城镇，
有些人在出现分歧后会用握手来达成和平。与此同时，那些重视平等的人也会握手。后来，随着欧洲大陆
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司的等级制度被削弱，握手成为了同等级的人们的普遍做法，就像今天一样)”可推知，大多数欧洲人喜欢握
手而不是鞠躬。故选C。
七选五
（2022·吉林吉林·三模）A few years ago, I was giving a presentation to the CEO of a company. Through the
entire meeting time, the CEO sat at the conference table with his arms tightly crossed without a smile. I was sure that
he was not satisfied, but later his assistant told me her boss was impressed with my presentation. Suddenly, I realized
that, it was his usual behavior. ___17___ Here are three more: ignoring the context, finding meaning in a single
gesture, comparing with a proper culture.
First, context is king. The same nonverbal gestures can take on totally different meanings in different contexts.
You can’t really make sense of someone’s nonverbal message unless you understand the circumstances behind it. For
example, if you yawn in a staff meeting because you were up early for an international business call, let people know
why you’re tired. ___18___
Then, people are constantly trying to evaluate your state of mind by monitoring your body language. But often
they will assign meaning to a single nonverbal gesture. Generally speaking, people take more notice of any sign that
indicates you’re in a bad mood and not to be approached. ___19___ So, you may be more comfortable standing with
your arms folded across your chest, but others judge that single gesture as resistant and unapproachable.
When I talk about culture, I’m referring to a set of shared values that a group of people hold. ___20___ More
importantly, they are the kind of criteria by which people judge others. We all have cultural biases that regard some
nonverbal behaviors as normal and right and others as strange or wrong. What’s proper and correct in one culture
may be ineffective or even rude in another.
___21___ Understanding them, and trying not to make the same ones, will help you display your nonverbal
ability.
A．Such values affect how members of the group think and act.
B．Nonverbal signals are very common in our daily life.
C．These are people’s most common mistakes when they read your body language.
D．As with me, when people don’t know your usual behavior they can easily jump to the wrong conclusion.
E．Without this context, you’ll look like you’re just bored.
F．If they don’t know the context, embarrassment will appear.
G．This is because the human brain pays more attention to negative messages than it does to positive ones.
【答案】17．D 18．E 19．G 20．A 21．C
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【语篇解读】本文为说明文。介绍了人们可能会对别人的肢体语言产生误解的几种常见的情况及原因。
17．根据上文“A few years ago, I was giving a presentation to the CEO of a company. Through the entire meeting
time, the CEO sat at the conference table with his arms tightly crossed without a smile. I was sure that he was not
satisfied, but later his assistant told me her boss was impressed with my presentation. Suddenly, I realized that, it was
his usual behavior.(几年前，我在给一家公司的首席执行官做演讲。整个会议期间，首席执行官都坐在会议
桌旁，双臂紧紧交叉，没有一丝笑容。我确信他并不满意，但后来他的助手告诉我，她的老板对我的演讲
印象深刻。突然，我意识到，这是他的惯常行为)”以及后文“Here are three more: ignoring the context, finding
meaning in a single gesture, comparing with a proper culture.(这里还有三个原因：忽略上下文，在一个手势中
找到意义，与适当的文化相比较)”可知，该句承接上文，与前面作者的亲身经历紧密联系，并与后面的
“Here are three more”构成承接关系，引出另外三个对肢体语言产生误解的原因。故D选项“和我一样，当
人们不知道你通常的行为时，他们很容易得出错误的结论”符合语境。故选D。
18．根据上文“First, context is king. The same nonverbal gestures can take on totally different meanings in different
contexts. You can’t really make sense of someone’s nonverbal message unless you understand the circumstances
behind it. For example, if you yawn in a staff meeting because you were up early for an international business call,
let people know why you’re tired.(首先，语境很重要。相同的非言语手势在不同的语境中可能具有完全不同
的含义。你无法真正理解某人的非语言信息，除非你了解其背后的情况。例如，如果你在员工会议上打哈
欠是因为你很早就要打国际商务电话，那么让人们知道你为什么累)”可知，前一句为：如果你在员工会议
上打哈欠是因为你早起接打一个商务电话所致，那你要说明情况。E选项中context对应上文中context。故
E选项“没有了这个语境，你看起来的样子是对会议感到无聊了”符合语境。故选E。
19．根据上文“Then, people are constantly trying to evaluate your state of mind by monitoring your body language.
But often they will assign meaning to a single nonverbal gesture. Generally speaking, people take more notice of any
sign that indicates you’re in a bad mood and not to be approached.(然后，人们不断尝试通过监控你的肢体语言
来评估你的心理状态。但通常他们会给一个非言语的手势赋予意义。一般来说，人们会更多地注意到任何
表明你心情不好的迹象，不要接近你)”可知，上文提到一般来说，人们更注意那些表明你心情不好、不想
让人接近的迹象。G项中“This is because”对上面的现象做出解释：这是因为人类大脑对消极信息的关注多
于对积极信息的关注。选项中的pay more attention to、negative messages 分别与上句中的take more notice、
bad mood and not to be approached对应。故G选项“这是因为人脑更关注负面信息，而不是正面信息”符合
语境。故选G。
20．根据上文“When I talk about culture, I’m referring to a set of shared values that a group of people hold.(当我
谈论文化时，我指的是一群人持有的一套共同价值观)”可知，本句成绩上文说明拥有共同价值观的作用：
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司影响团队成员的思维和行为方式。故A选项“这些价值观会影响团队成员的思维和行为方式”符合语境。
故选A。
21．根据后文“Understanding them, and trying not to make the same ones, will help you display your nonverbal
ability.(理解它们，尽量避免重复，这将有助于你展示自己的非言语能力)”可知，本句是文章最后一段，对
上文所叙述的内容进行概括总结，“These are people’s most common mistakes”不仅起到承上的作用，又对后
文起到了启下的作用。下句中的them和ones即选项中提到的most common mistakes。故C选项“这些是人
们在阅读你的肢体语言时最常见的错误”符合语境。故选C。
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