文档内容
- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
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TCP/IP ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
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/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
1
2
1 LAN Local Area Network
10m
2 MAN Metropolitan Area Network
3
1
2
3 XXX...222555
4
5 AAATTTMMM
3
4
1
“ ”
2 /
/ NOS
ERP CRM
3
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
/
WEB DNS
1
1
2
3
2 OSI/RM
OSI OOOOOOOpppppppeeeeeeennnnnnn SSSSSSSyyyyyyysssssssttttttteeeeeeemmmmmmm IIIIIIInnnnnnnttttttteeeeeeerrrrrrrcccccccooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeeeeccccccctttttttiiiiiiiooooooonnnnnnn RRRRRRReeeeeeefffffffeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeennnnnnnccccccceeeeeee MMMMMMMooooooodddddddeeeeeeelllllll
80 IIISSSOOO
OSI/RM
OSI/RM 7
1 physical layer
:
2 data link layer
MAC
:
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3 network layer
:
4 transport layer
5 session layer
6 presentation layer
7 application layer
3 TCP/IP
TCP/IP TCP(Transmission
Control Protocol) IIIPPP(((IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt PPPrrroootttooocccooolll)))
Internet TCP/IP TTCCPP//IIPP Layering
1.11
1
TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP
2 IP
TCP/IP TCP/IP
OSI/RM
IP
ARP
ICMP IGMP
IP
3
TCP
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
UDP
4
SMTP FTP
Telnet
TCP/IP
4 OSI TCP/IP
1.
2.
1. OSI TTCCPP//IIPP
2.OSI TCP/IP
3.TCP/IP
5 IEEE802
80 IEEE802 IIIEEEEEEEEE888000222
1.12
IEEE802 OOSSII :
OOOSSSIII///RRRMMM
OOOSSSIII///RRRMMM
IEEE802 MAC
LLC
(1) LLC
(2) MAC
IEEE802
OSI/RM
1
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
(1) ;
(2) ;
(3) ;
(4) ( , )
2
1
1mm
3 5 5 100Mbps
150Mbps ATM
- 111000000mmm
T568A
T568B
2
((( ) ( )
25000~30000GHz
3
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
(CSMA/CD) (Token Bus) (Token Ring)
4 CSMA/CD
(1) CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
i.
ii.
iii. “ ”
“““ ”
iv.
(2) CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
5
CCCaaarrrrrriiieeesss SSSeeennnssseee MMMuuullltttiiipppllleee AAAcccccceeessssss wwwiiittthhh CCCooolllllliiisssiiiooonnn DDDeeettteeeccctttiiiooonnn CSMA/CD
1 CSMA/CD
2
3
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6
CSMA/CD
MAC
MAC
Hub
1
aaadddaaapppttteeerrr NIC Network Interface
Card “ ”””
2 (Repeater)
“
”
1
2
3
4
3 Hub
Hub Hub
Hub
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1
2
3
4
LAN Frame
MAC
MAC
1 LAN
2
3
4 ,
5
5
(switch)
MMMAAACCC MAC
MAC
MMMAAACCC MAC
6
,
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7 (Router)
TCP/IP
1 TCP/IP
TCP/IP ARPAnet TCP/IP
ARPAnet IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt ARPAnet
TCP/IP TCP/IP IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt
TCP/IP ARP IP IIICCCMMMPPP IGMP UUDDPP TCP 100
TCP/IP IP
TCP
TCP/IP
HTTP DNS
SMTP FTP
Telnet SNMP
TCP UDP
IP ICMP ARP RARP IIIGGGMMMPPP
Ethernet TTToookkkeeennn RRRiiinnnggg ATM
2 IP
IP IIIPPP IP
IIIPPP Internet IP
net-id
host-id
IP
IP ::= { < >, < >}
IP
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
IP .
A 1.0.0.1 111222666...222555555...222555555...222555444
B 111222888...000...000...111 111999111...222555555...222555555...222555444
C 111999222...000...000...111 222222333...222555555...222555555...222555444
D 222222444...000...000...000 222333999...222555555...222555555...222555555
E 222444000...000...000...000 222224444477777.....222225555555555.....222225555555555.....222225555555555
3 IP
1
“1” (broadcast)
1 (direct broadcast)
162.105.130.0 162.105.130.255
(162.105.130.0) IP 202.112.7.12
162.105.130.255
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32 1 IP ( 255.255.255.255) (limited broadcast address)
(local network broadcast address)
IP
IP
2
1) IP
202.112.7.0 C
2) “0” IP , (IP
202.112.7.13) IP “““000”””
( IP 0.0.0.13) IP
IP
3) “0.0.0.0”====
(3) IP
NAT
IP
A 1111100000.....00000.....00000.....00000~~~~~1111100000.....222225555555555.....222225555555555.....222225555555555
B 111777222...111666...000...000~~~111777222...333111...222555555...222555555
CCC 111999222...111666888...000...000~~~111999222...111666888...222555555...222555555
127.0.0.1 TCP/IP
4 -NAT
NAT NNNeeetttwwwooorrrkkk AAAddddddrrreeessssss TTTrrraaannnssslllaaatttiiiooonnn
NAT
NAT
1 NAT
2 NAT IP IP
3 NAT
4 NAT IP
IP
5
TCP/IP TCP/IP
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
IP IP
“ ” IP
IP 32
“1” “0”
TCP/IP IP
A 255.0.0.0 B
255.255.0.0 C 255.255.255.0
A B C IP
IP
IP
IP (192.168.123.132) (((222555555...222555555...000...000)))
11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100
+++ 111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
11000000.1010111000000000...000000000000000000000000...000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000...000000000000000000000000... 000111111111111000111111...111000000000000111000000
92.168. 0.0 123.132
255.255.255.0 255.255.128.0
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
6
Gateway “ ”
“ ”IP
“ ”IP TCP/IP
A B A IP “192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254”
255.255.255.0 B IP “192.168.2.1 192.168.2.254” 255.255.255.0
A B
“ ”
“ ” “ ”
7 IP
IP IP
1 IIInnnttteeerrrnnneeettt
IP
2 C IP 192.168.1.0 IP
ICS IP
IP 192.168.1.0 IP IP
CC
3
250
255.255.255.0 250
255.255.128.0
10.0.0.1--10.255.255.254 172.16.0.1--172.32.255.254 IP
255.255.255.0 IP
4 IP IP
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
IP IP
IP 172.16.0.1--172.32.255.254
172.32.255.250--172.32.255.254 IP
172.16.0.1--172.32.255.10 IP 172.32.255.11--172.32.255.249
C IP
N
1 2^1 - 2=0 _______ _______
2 2^2 - 2=2 62 124
3 2^3 - 2=6 30 180
4 2^4 - 2=14 14 196
5 2^5 - 2=30 6 111888000
6 2^6 - 2=62 2 124
7 2^7 - 2=126 0 0
9 IICCMMPP
IP IP
IIICCCMMMPPP
10 ARP RRRAAARRRPPP
IP
MAC
MAC
IP MAC
ARP IP MAC RARP MAC IP
ARP MAC FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF, ARP
ARP
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
11
IP
IP IP IP
IP IP
13
RIP OOOSSSPPPFFF IGRP EEEIIIGGGRRRPPP
1 RIP
(((RRRIIIPPP RRRRRooooouuuuutttttiiiiinnnnnggggg IIIIInnnnnfffffooooorrrrrmmmmmaaaaatttttiiiiiooooonnnnn PPPPPrrrrroooootttttooooocccccooooolllll RRIIPP
RIP (((HHHoooppp)))
RIP
2 OOOSSSPPPFFF
OOOSSSPPPFFF OSPF ——
RRIIPP
1 VLAN
“ ”
VLAN
VLAN
2 VLAN
1. VLAN
VLAN
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2. VLAN
VLAN
MAC
3 VLAN
3 ”
TRUNK
TRUNK TRUNK
4
1
RIP ---
OOOSSSPPPFFF --
2 TTTCCCPPP///IIIPPP
3 -
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
4 -
1.
0
2.
3. Ri Rj
(1)Rj Ri Ri “ ” Rj “ ”
“ ” Rj 1 “ ” Rj
(2)Rj Ri 1 Ri “ ”
“ ” Rj 1 “ ” Rj
(3)Ri Rj Rj
Rj Ri
Rj Ri “ ”” Rj “““ ” 1
5 —
1.
2.
3.
6 RIP
1.RIP --
2.RIP
3300ss
“ ”””
7 —
8 OSPF
1.OSPF -
2.
3.
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9
—
IP
2 10
—RIP
IP
10 50
—OSPF
IP
50
1
8-1 UDP TTTCCCPPP
DDDNNNSSS UDP
RRRIIIPPP UDP
SNMP UDP
NFS UDP
IP UDP
UDP
IIIGGGMMMPPP UDP
SMTP TCP
TELNET TCP
HTTP TCP
FTP TCP
2 TCP UDP
TPDU (Transport
Protocol Data Unit)
TCP TCP (segment)
UDP UDP
3 TCP UDP
UDP UDP
UDP UDP
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
TCP TCP TCP
4
TCP/IP IP
0~1023 FTP 21 TELNET 23 SMTP 25 DNS 53 HTTP 80,
5 TCP
(flow control)
TCP
1
DDDDDOOOOOSSSSS (((((DDDDDeeeeessssskkkkktttttoooooppppp OOOOOpppppeeeeerrrrraaaaatttttiiiiinnnnnggggg SSSSSyyyyysssssttttteeeeemmmmm))))),,,,, ,
,,, , Windows 9x/ME/XP
NNNOOOSSS NNNeeetttwwwooorrrkkk OOOpppeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg SSSyyysssttteeemmm
2 DNS
DDDooommmaaaiiinnn NNNaaammmeee SSSyyysssttteeemmm Internet
——IP Internet
IP
3 DNS
/ / offer- https://51jobs.taobao.com/ galerjim
tsinghua
tsinghua
tsinghua
tsinghua
..
tsinghua
tsinghua
4 WWW
World Wide Web Web WWW Internet
Web Browser 3
WWW HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
Internet
WWW
HTML HyperText Markup Language HTML Web Web
Web HyperText
5 WWW
1
WWW Navigator Explorer WinWeb
Browser
Text
2
WWW URL(Uniform Resource Language)
DDNNSS
WWWWWW FFTTPP
222111222...222111444...222222000...222555000 222111222...222111444...222222000...222555111
www.tsinghua.edu.cn IIIPPP ?
WWWWWW IInntteerrnneett
WWWWWW HHTTTTPP
IInntteerrnneett
HHHHyyyyppppeeeerrrrTTTTeeeexxxxtttt MMMMaaaarrrrkkkkuuuupppp LLLLaaaannnngggguuuuaaaaggggeeee
HHyyppeerrTTeexxtt
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3
WWW Hypertext Hypermedia
/ Client-Server
6 URL
URL
URL
URL URL
URL
URL
7 HTML
HTML .html ...hhhtttmmm
HTML .txt HHTTMMLL
HHHTTTMMMLLL HTML
8 FFFTTTPPP
FFFTTTPPP FFFiiillleee TTTrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr PPPrrroootttooocccooolll Internet
FTP
FTP
HTTP
FTP
/ / offer
