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专题 13 阅读理解议论文
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
1. 议论文的题材多样化、知识
2021新课标I卷—情商的研究与期望；
考点1 人与自我类 化，它包括社会科学的多个领
2021全国甲卷—天才有多种形式；
议论文 域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科
2021天津卷—当杂家还是专家；
（5年4考） 学和教育等各个方面，以及和自
2019天津卷—成功需要不断学习。
然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为
本的特点。
2.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的
2025全国一卷—重视城市宜居性；
开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的
2025八省联考卷---产品设计去性别化；
主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了
2024新课标I卷—数字阅读与纸质阅读；
作者的观点，从而把握了文章的
2024全国甲卷—小说结局引起的思考；
中心思想。
考点2人与社会类
2023全国乙卷—研究历史需要物证； 3. 归纳论证议论文：注意文章的
议论文
2022北京卷—对量子计算机看法； 尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事
（5年10考）
2022天津卷—美好生活的秘诀； 例和分论点的归纳和概括。
2020北京卷—通用人工智能可能性； 4. 抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论
2019全国III卷—中国美学影响国际时尚; 文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出
的观点、给出的例证及最后得出
2018北京卷—无人驾驶汽车的前景。
的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把
握了中心。
考点1 人与自我类议论文
【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【2021全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps thisis not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
32. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
34. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
【2021天津卷】
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of
things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less
and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasinglevels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also
weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and
realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled
to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold
back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into
specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who
can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor
Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by
the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese
philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad,
general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51. To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A. narrow his range of knowledge B. avoid responsibilities at work
C. know more about the society D. broaden his perspective on life
52. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people
53. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A. is fully aware of his talent and ability B. is a pure specialist in medicine
C. should love poetry and philosophy D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D. Ways to Become a Generalist
【2019天津卷】Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why
do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization
and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn,
the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we
can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never
going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something
larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral
concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.
But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such
excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of
people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
55. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
考点2人与社会类议论文
【2025全国一卷】
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show
declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic
on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book
Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the
role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for
new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian
journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her
local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor
(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in
Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were
completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.
In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate
of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really
recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of
Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next?
C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame?
【2025浙江I月卷】
As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless.
“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a
Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a
simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form
connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a
digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of
attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less
likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about
power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are
more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been
assigned a gender.
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was
meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was
a “he” or “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity
to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces
negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-
inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless?
A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study?
A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey.
C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects?
A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product.
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women.【2024新课标I卷】
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and
viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both
questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an
entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading
passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With
paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their
memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing
hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have
demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view
identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in
print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t
assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students’ attention.
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【2024全国甲卷】
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and
I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by
George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it
beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the
characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a
traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,
but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I
wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t
guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.
Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You
have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits
what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for
whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try
to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see
what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it
might provide what you need to get there.
32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
34. What is expected of a good ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.【2023全国乙卷】
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【2022北京卷】
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how
quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges
with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps
keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companieshave invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【2022天津卷】
Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make
some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. Agood life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A. Making us simple-minded. B. Making us short-sighted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road. D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A. Through maintaining good health. B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D. Through offering help much needed by others.
53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A. less selfish. B. less annoying.
C. more motivated. D. more responsible.
54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind to the reality.
55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge【2020北京卷】
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms(算法)carry out huge volumes
of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are
translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we
humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is
something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence(AGI). In some respects, today's powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra- intelligent machine…
that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest
that “the first ultra -intelligent machine "could be “the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by
many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression ( 敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever:
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could A GI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about A GI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream. B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans. D. It may be more dangerous than ever.【2019全国III卷】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief
creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The
exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China;
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most
famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just
another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about
China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally
acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on
C. working with D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【2018北京卷】
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frommaterializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles
began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the
way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities
across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it
takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse,
depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排
放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make
sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where
most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed
highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They
take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for
parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.
The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have
already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars
worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%
and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and
cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be
fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance
issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become
comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t
extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological
advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more
people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affordability. D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
