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绝密★启用前
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would
move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.
] ,a true cashless society is probably not around the comer. Indeed, predictions
have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example,
Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon
urevolutionize the very 3 of money itself,” only to 4 itself several years
later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments
system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper
system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and
telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form
of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,
something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper
checks gives consumers several days of “float"—it takes several days 11 a
check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer9 s account, which means that
the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. 13
electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy
concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able
to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that
this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to
access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone
else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field
of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is
that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains
a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and
marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.
英语(二)试题.1.(共14页)1. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise
2. A. off B. back C. over D. around
3. A. power B. concept C. history D. role
4. A. reward B. resist C. resume D. reverse
5. A. silent B.sudden C. slow D. steady
6. A. for B. against C. with D. on
7. A. imaginative B. expensive C. sensitive D. productive
8. A. similar B. original C. temporary D. dominant
9. A. collect B. provide C.copy D. print
10. A. give up B. take over C. bring back D. pass down
11. A. before B. after C. since D. when
12. A. kept B. borrowed C. released D. withdrawn
13. A. Unless B. Until C. Because D. Though
14. A. hide B. express C. raise D. ease
15. A. analyzed B. shared C. stored D. displayed
16. A. unsafe B. unnatural C. uncommon D. unclear
17. A. steal B. choose C. benefit D. return
18. A. consideration B. prevention C. manipulation D. justification
19. A. cope with B. fight against C. adapt to D. call for
20. A. chunk B. chip C. path D. trail
Section U Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
In an essay entitled " Making It in America," the author Adam Davidson
relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modem textile mill has
been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, " a man and a
dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away
from the machines."
Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared
making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and
declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand
because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both
globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly
than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn
an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just
won't earn you what it used to. It can't when so many more employers have so
much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap
robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone
needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand
out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But
there9s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, "In the 10 years ending in
2009, [ U. S. ] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains
of the previous 70 years； roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—
about 6 million in total—disappeared."
There will always be change—new jobs, new products, new services. But
the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the
I. T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better
education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to
do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing
some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has
access to post-high school education.
英语（二）试题.3.（共14页）21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.
A. the impact of technological advances
B. the alleviation of job pressure
C. the shrinkage of textile mills
D. the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.
A. work on cheap software
B. ask for a moderate salary
C. adopt an average lifestyle
D. contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.
A. gains of technology have been erased
B. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
C. factories are making much less money than before
D. new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important
is.
A. to accelerate the I. T. revolution
B. to ensure more education for people
C. to advance economic globalization
D. to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
A. New Law Takes Effect
B. Technology Goes Cheap
C. Average Is Over
D. Recession Is Bad
英语（二）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and
sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the
United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make
some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people
arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,
for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate
nickname, uuccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into
two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the
making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed
mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how
to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think
about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To
start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray
areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,
home health-care aides and physicists are among today9s birds of passage. They
are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money
and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can
manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities
with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can
be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We
need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong
to two nations honorably.
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on
both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of
right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing
immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some
that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
英语（二）试题.5.（共14页）26. u Birds of passage" refers to those who.
A. immigrate across the Atlantic
B. leave their home countries for good
C. stay in a foreign country temporarily
D. find permanent jobs overseas
27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the
US.
A. needs new immigrant categories
B. has loosened control over immigrants
C. should be adapted to meet challenges
D. has been fixed via political means
28. According to the author, today's birds of passage want.
A. financial incentives
B. a global recognition
C. opportunities to get regular jobs
D. the freedom to stay and leave
29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.
A. as faithful partners
B. with economic favors
C. with legal tolerance
D. as mighty rivals
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be.
A. Come and Go: Big Mistake
B. Living and Thriving: Great Risk
C. With or Without: Great Risk
D. Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake
英语（二）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we
take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even
eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms ； if we are judging
whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very
quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To
accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a
minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,
like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal
realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo
for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading
has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and
impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we5re doing. Subjects exposed
to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer
products or housing options when we see a happy face （one reason good sales
representatives and real estate agents are always smiling） , we can take a moment
before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive
female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside
screeners.
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slicen
information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in u thick sliced"
long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will
stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation:
two days, not two seconds.
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates
us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few
minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating
the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't
changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation
and reverse the high-speed trend.
英语（二）试题.7.（共14页）31. The time needed in making decisions may.
A. vary according to the urgency of the situation
B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction
C. depend on the importance of the assessment
D. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions
A. can be associative
B. are not unconscious
C. can be dangerous
D. are not impulsive
33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should
A. trust our first impression
B. do as people usually do
C. think before we act
D. ask for expert advice
34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on
A. critical assessment
B. “thin slicednstudy
C. sensible explanation
D. adequate information
35. The author's attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is
A. tolerant
B. uncertain
C. optimistic
D. doubtful
英语（二）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace
will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management
decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly
male. Indeed, women hold only 14 per cent of positions on European corporate
boards.
The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate
boards to maintain a certain proportion of women一up to 60 per cent. This proposed
mandate was bom of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President
Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to
sign up for gender balance goals of 40 per cent female board membership. But
her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.
Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate
ladder fairly as they balance work and family?
uPersonally, I don't like quotas,n Reding said recently. "But I like what
the quotas do. " Quotas get action: they u open the way to equality and they break
through the glass ceiling, ” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other
countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
I understand Reding's reluctance—and her frustration. I don't like quotas
either ； they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable.
But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does
look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in
Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of
women to top positions—no matter how much “soft pressure" is put upon them.
When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example,
Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely
because they remain the exception to the rule.
If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether
CEOs or their children's caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no
more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
英语（二）试题.9.（共14页）36. In the European corporate workplace, generally.
A. women take the lead
B. men have the final say
C. corporate governance is overwhelmed
D. senior management is family-friendly
37. The European Union's intended legislation is.
A. a reflection of gender balance
B. a reluctant choice
C. a response to Reding's call
D. a voluntary action
38. According to Reding, quotas may help women.
A. get top business positions
B. see through the glass ceiling
C. balance work and family
D. anticipate legal results
39. The author's attitude toward Reding's appeal is one of.
A. skepticism
B. objectiveness
C. indifference
D. approval
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack
of.
A. more social justice
B. massive media attention
C. suitable public policies
D. greater “soft pressuren
英语（二）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two
extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Live like a peasant
B. Balance your diet
C. Shopkeepers are your friends
D. Remember to treat yourself
E. Stick to what you need
F. Planning is everything
G. Waste not, want not
The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his
love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to
spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a
year working in corporate communications and eating at London5 s best restaurants
at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his
drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life.
And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog
so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a
day-by-day thing. " Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from
literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging—not about
eating as cheaply as you can—" there are so many people in a much worse state,
with barely any money to spend on food"—but eating well on a budget. Here's
his advice for economical foodies.
41.
Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance,
英语(二)试题.11.(共14页)making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an
Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not
just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. Ifs also a good idea to shop
daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you911 sometimes change your
mind about what you fancy.
42. _____________________
This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them,
there5 s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer.
And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of
beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket
chiller.
43. _____________________
You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that's not good
enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead
should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable
soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off ” will be cooked or juiced.
44. _____________；_______
Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,
delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon
you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and
stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more
often than not, they'll let you have for free.
45. _____________________
You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few
months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—£1.75 a week for three
months gives you £21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-
starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there—or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I
know which I'd rather eat.
英语（二）试题.12.（共14页）Section HI Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was,
what happened in the news and even the day of the week. Fve been able to do
this since I was four.
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.
My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.
When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does—try to put it to one
side. I don't think ifs harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful
memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day
my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day
before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the
same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write
your classmates an email to
1) inform them about the details, and
2) encourage them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
英语（二）试题.13.（共14页）Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
人
数
百
分
比
某高校学生兼职情况
2013年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 ADBDC 6 ~10 BBDBA 11 〜15 ADCCC
16-20 CABAD 21 ~25 ADBBC 26 〜30 CCDCD
31 ~35 AACDC 36 〜40 BBADC 41 〜45 FEGCD
Section in Translation
我能从过去的53年里任选一天，并马上回想起当时我身在何处、有什么新闻，甚至那天
是星期几。自从4岁起,我就具备这种能力。
我从未因大脑吸收的信息量庞大而感到难以承受。我的大脑似乎可以应对这些信息，并
将它们有条不紊地存储起来。每当想起悲伤的往事，我和大家的做法一样，试着把它搁置一
旁。我认为这并不会仅仅因为我的记忆比别人更清晰而更难做到。强大的记忆力并没有使
我的情感变得更加强烈或更加鲜明。我记得祖父去世那天的情景，以及前一天我们去医院探
望时自己伤心的感觉。我还记得音乐剧《毛发》就在同一天首登百老汇一一这些记忆都以同
样的方式跃入我的脑海。
英语（二）试题.14.（共14页）故事情节纯属虚构，仅为逗您一乐，不要"入戏”哦！
诳"谁不倒如崟
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