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绝密★启用前
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码:201）
☆考生注意事项众
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷
条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由
考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4-填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as u relatedn as fourth cousins,
sharing about 1% of genes. That is ] a study, published from the University
of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, has 2
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects
which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people
were used in both 5
While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler,
professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, " Most people do not even
7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people
who 8 our kin. n
The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in
friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is
difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar
environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms
working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13
u functional kinshipn of being friends with 14 !
One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem
to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why
human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment
being a major 17 factor.
The findings do not simply explain people's 18 to befriend those of
similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were
drawn from a population of European extraction*, care was taken to 20 that all
subjects, friends and strangers, were taken trom the same population.
英语（一）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. what B. why C. how D. when
2. A. defended B. concluded C. withdrawn D. advised
3. A. for B. with，• C.by D. on
4. A. separated B. sought C. compared D. connected
5. A. tests B. objects C. samples D. examples
6. A. insignificant B. unexpected C. unreliable D. incredible
7. A. visit B. miss C. know D. seek
8. A. surpass B. influence C. favor D. resemble
9. A. again B. also C. instead D. thus
10. A. Meanwhile B. Furthermore C. Likewise D. Perhaps
11. A. about B. to C. from D. like
12. A. limit B. observe C. confuse D. drive
13. A. according to B, rather than C. regardless of D. along with
14. A. chances B. responses C. benefits D. missions
15. A. faster B. slower C. later D. earlier
16. A. forecast B. remember C. express D. understand
17. A. unpredictable B. contributory C. controllable D. disruptive
18. A. tendency B. decision C. arrangement D. endeavor
19. A. political B. religious C. ethnic D. economic
20. A. see B. show C. prove D. tell
Section 口 Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（一）试题・2.（共14页）Text 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted u kings don't abdicate, they die in
their sleep. " But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left
in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.
So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does
that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent
uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When
public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco
regime, monarchs can rise above " mere" politics and “ embody ” a spirit of
national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs' continuing
popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the
most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms ( not counting
Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf
and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid
the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of
national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way
they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.
At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising
inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy
aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic
ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or
helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international
1% , and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right
image.
While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for
some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish
example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her
rather ordinary ( if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with
Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical
view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely
survived because they provide a service—as npn-controversial and non-political
heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings,
not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.
英语（一）试题.3.（共14页）21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain
A. used to enjoy high public support
B. was unpopular among European royals
C. eased his relationship with his rivals
D. ended his reign in embarrassment
22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly.
A. owing to their undoubted and respectable status
B. to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
C. to give voters more public figures to look up to
D. due to their everlasting political embodiment
23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
A. Aristocrats9 excessive reliance on inherited wealth.
B. The role of the nobility in modem democracies.
C. The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.
D. The nobility's adherence to their privileges.
24. The British royals u have most to fear” because Charles.
A. takes a tough line on political issues
B. fails to change his lifestyle as advised
C. takes republicans as his potential allies
D. fails to adapt himself to his future role
25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A. Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
B. Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
C. Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
D. Charles, Slow to React to the Coining Threats
英语（一）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme
Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone
without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,
particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through
the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues,
for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice.
Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can
and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California9 s lame argument that exploring the
contents of a smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to,
say, going through a suspect9s purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate
the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an
arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering
his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history,
financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent
correspondence. The development of "cloud computing,meanwhile, has made
that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping
sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal
life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and
protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn't ease the challenge of
line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to
obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate
Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and
they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or
altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room
for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New,
disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's
protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility
of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use
as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules
for the new personal domain of the passenger car then ； they must sort out how the
Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
英语（一）试题.5.（共14页）26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate
to・ ・
A. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
B. search for suspects9 mobile phones without a warrant
C. check suspects9 phone contents without being authorized
D. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of.
A. disapproval
B. indifference
C. tolerance
D. cautiousness
28. The author believes that exploring one's phone contents is comparable to.
A. getting into one's residence
B. handling one's historical records
C. scanning one's correspondences
D. going through one's wallet
29. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that.
A. principles are hard to be clearly expressed
B. the court is giving police less room for action
C. citizens' privacy is not effectively protected
D. phones are used to store sensitive information
30. Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that.
A. the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
B. new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
C. California's argument violates principles of the Constitution
D. principles of the Constitution should never be altered
英语（一）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its
peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The
policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern
that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of
many published research findings.
"Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,v
writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association,
the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors
(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the joumaFs
internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer
reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these
manuscripts.
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:
"The creation of the ' statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with
the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of
Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public
Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to " play
primarily an advisory role. " He agreed to join because he “ found the foresight
behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a
lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science
itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to
model their approach after Science. n
John loannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the
policy is "a most welcome step forward” and "long overdue. " "Most journals
are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.
I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is
more essential than expert review,v he says. But he noted that biomedical journals
such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical
Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical
errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a
cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but
journals should also take a tougher line, " engaging reviewers who are statistically
literate and editors who can verify the process. " Vaux says that Science's idea to
pass some papers to statisticians "has some meritbut a weakness is that it relies on
the board of reviewing editors to identify ' the papers that need scrutiny' in the
first place."
英语（一）试题.7.（共14页）31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that.
A. Science intends to simplify its.peer-review process
B. journals are strengthening their statistical checks
C. few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
D. lack of data analysis is common in research projects
32. The phrase uflagged up” (Para.2) is the closest in meaning to•
A. found
B. marked
C. revised
D. stored
33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
A. pose a threat to all its peers
B. meet with strong opposition
C. increase Science's circulation
D. set an example for other journals
34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
A. adds to researchers5 workload
B. diminishes the role of reviewers
C. has room for further improvement
D. is to fail in the foreseeable future
35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' Desks
D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
英语（一）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the
u unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions. " Integrity had
collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only u sorting
mechanismn in society should be profit and the market. But "it's us, human
beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit. n
Driving her point home, she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the
absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business
could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom. n This
same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News
International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it
had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.
As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of
the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his
predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of
dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of
up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged
by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the
point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.
In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of
such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One
of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went
on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never
inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she
knew nothing.
In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not
be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we
should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that
the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered
are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation,
sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin
have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader
understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.
It was to ruin lives in the quest fbr circulatiog and impact. Ms Brooks may or
may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she
asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.
英语（一）试题.9.（共14页）36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by
A. the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
B. companies9 financial loss due to immoral practices
C. governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
D. the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.
A. Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
B. more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
C. Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
D. phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
38. The author believes the Rebekah Brooks's defence.
A. revealed a cunning personality
B. centered on trivial issues
C. was hardly convincing
D. was part of a conspiracy
39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
A. generally distorted values
B. unfair wealth distribution
C. a marginalized lifestyle
D. a rigid moral code
40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?
A. The quality of writings is of primary importance.
B. Common humanity is central to news reporting.
C. Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.
D. Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.
英语（一）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered
blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark
your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the
sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships
between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.
(41)You begin to infer a context for the text, for
instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: Who
is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.
But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of
active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you
feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence
and clues. (42)________________________
Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track
for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or
“true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless
relation of the text to the world. (43)
Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44)
This doesn't, however, make interpretation merely relative or
even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places
and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same
words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human
concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of
beliefs and values.
How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular
interest in reading it. (45)Such dimensions of reading
suggest一as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an
implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn't then
necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more
worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other,
and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together,
they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to
your surrounding textual environment.
英语（一）试题.11.（共14页）A. Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the
requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it
for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ
considerably from reading in a seminar room.
B. Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender,
ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations
but at the same time obscure or even close off others.
C. If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using
clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become
relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible
links between them.
D. In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given
sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the
author intended.
E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be
significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a
personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.
F. In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by
the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author's own thoughts.
G. Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what
we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or
patterning we perceive in a text's formal structures (so especially its language
structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and
attitude that we bring to the text.
英语（一）试题.12.（共14页）Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth
centuries, a tide of emigration—•one of the great folk wanderings of history一
swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and
diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped
the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration
of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and
the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial
America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups
of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes,
and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new
world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the
interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty
of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant
changes, These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result
was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many
ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is vow
the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th・
and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving
Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South
America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully
overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on
barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many
passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes
storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably
long delay.
To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost
inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, " The air at twelve leagues9
distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden. " The colonists, first glimpse of
the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness
and variety of trees was a real treasure-house \yhich extended from Maine all the
way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw
material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
英语（一）试题.13.（共14页）Section HE Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100
words recommending a book to the club members.
You should state reasons for your recommendation.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your
essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
手机时代的聚会
2015年考研英语（一）真题客案速查表I
1 ~ 5 ABDCC 6 ~10 ACDBD 11 ~ 15 BDBCA 16 ~ 20 DBACA 21 ~ 25 DABDC
26 -30 CAACB 31 ~35 BBDCA 36 ~40 ABCAC 41 ~45 CEGBA
46. 在各种强大动机的推动下，这场移民运动在荒野上创建了一个民族，且从本质上塑造
了一个全新大陆的特点并决定了它的命运。
47. 合众国是两股主要力量作用的产物:一是带有不同思想、风俗习惯和民族特性的欧洲
各民族的迁入，二是这个新国家因改变了这些特征而产生的影响。
48. 但是美洲特有地理条件的作用，不同族群之间的相互影响，以及在这片原始的新大陆
上维持旧世界运行方式的巨大困难，所有这一切引发了意义重大的变化。
49. 十五、十六世纪，人们探索发现了北美洲，一百多年之后,第一批满载移民的航船横渡
了大西洋,驶向今天合众国这片土地。
50. 树种丰富多样的原始森林从缅因州一直向南绵延至佐治亚州，可谓一个真正的宝库。
英语（一）试题.14 .（共14页）我不困，我还哉学!
闪过背单词，越背越精神！;
考研词汇用闪过
5
划重点,省时间!
