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第 3 讲 形容词和副词
I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go
of it.Worried③ about my study ，my mother took it away.However ，I found my mother
absorbed④ in it.
My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by
it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon.
[规则感悟] ①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。
③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词
可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态
的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．形容词的构词规则
类别 例词
加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy
加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited
surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，
加-ing
appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting
meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/
加-ful/-less helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→
useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless
comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，
加-able
accept→acceptable，respect→respectable
加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous
-ce变为-t confidence→confident，difference→different
music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→
加-al
educational，tradition→traditional
加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely
加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen
attract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，
加-ive/-ative
protect→protective
其他常见变化 energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母
再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-
y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
2．形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。 quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，
immediate→immediately，polite→politely，
以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-
true→truly
ly。
(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再
possible→possibly，probable→probably
加-y。
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i
happy→happily，healthy→healthily
再加-ly。
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。 economic→economically，basic→basically
(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。 full→fully，dull→dully
注意 下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly public→publicly
3．常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；
yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；
fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难
看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；
elderly 年长的。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致
命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。
4．如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多
修饰 smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，
expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5．常考的连接性副词
though 然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently 因此，所以；
moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，
代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
6．意义不同的同根副词
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
对点练习
1 ． The old people there were talkative and they told us their __________(person) stories
cheerfully.
2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and
____________(disappoint)．
3．I’ll never forget the ____________(amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there
next time with my friends.
4．He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and ____________(hunger)．
5．In the study，GBS was used to provide a ____________(high) efficient way of demonstrating
quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.
6．The title will be ____________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
7．____________(lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk every day.
8．I am __________(terrible) sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed
time.In my family，my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but
he is twice as heavy as③ my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried
because the fatter⑤ he is，the more likely⑤ he is to be ill.
[规则感悟] ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r
或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结
尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：
•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，
wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as
tiring a day as today.
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原
级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。
5．比较级的特殊用法
①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。
Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。
6．比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数
⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
No man is better than you in the world.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
7．最高级的基本用法(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.
上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。
对点练习
1．The ____________(much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.
2．Road safety has aroused ____________(wide) attention of the public than before.
3．During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Opera
finally formed and became the ____________(big) of all operas in China.
4．I have never met a ____________(kind) teacher than Mrs Smith before.
5．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ____________(fast) than traditional
garbage as a whole.
6．When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is twice ____________ size of that one.
7．I have seldom seen my mother ____________ pleased with my progress as she is now.
1．When the house was built，it was much __________(small) than it is today.(2021·浙江6月)
2．Local people were provided with ______________(finance) aid and other benefits.
3．One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come
and present their ____________(fine) work，so that he could choose the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
4．As the small boat moved ____________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a
handful of small ____________(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
2 ． Handle the most important tasks first ， and you’ll feel a real sense of
____________(achieve)．
3．Although he researches cloning，his ____________(intend) has never been to create copies of
humans.
4．In the early ____________(fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence
tests if they spoke more than one language.
5．She is the ____________(twelve) tutor，who has come to look after his children since their
mother died.
6．The old man goes to the park every ____________(three) day，jogging with his fellows.
7 ． But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for
____________(industry) use.
8．The world’s population is increasing at a __________(surprise) rate and our environment is
facing great pressure.
9．Nowadays it’s the second ____________(large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant
economic，educational and cultural center.
10 ． Indians start practicing yoga at a very young age ， so their bodies are even
_________(strong)．
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．John Olson，a former ____________(photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.(2022·浙江6月)
2．Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental
____________(protect)．(2022·全国甲)
3．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________(meaning)．The two of
them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.(2022·全国甲)
4．In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he
reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s ____________(high) mountain.(2022·全国甲)
5 ． The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
____________(population) and homes of giant pandas，and ____________(eventual) achieve a
desired level of population in the wild.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
6．On the day of the accident，Mrs Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.Theyboth fell ____________(sleep) while watching TV.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
7．When he looked down，he ____(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.(2022·新高考全国
Ⅱ)
8．This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside，including
____________(low) levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer
sports facilities.(2021·浙江1月)
9．It is calculated by dividing a ____________(person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
10．Filled with ____________(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
(2022·浙江1月改编)
Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small
but growing minority of 1.______________(academic) who are cutting back on their air travel
because of climate change.Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—
2.______________(frequent) by plane—3.______________(view) as important for scientists to get
together and exchange information.But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea—pushing
conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their
4.____________(person) behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.On a
website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example,5.______________(rough) 200 academics—many
of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little 6.______________ possible since the
effort started two years ago.
Cobb ， for her part ， started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak
7.____________ she could do so remotely；about two-8.____________(three) of the time，they
agreed.When the answer was no，she declined the 9.____________(invite)．That approach
brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans to continue the practice.“It has
been fairly rewarding，”she says—“10.____________really positive change.”
1．形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be important＝be of importance be
beneficial＝be of benefit be valuable＝be of value be helpful＝be of help be useful＝be of
use
(2022·全国甲)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
When it comes to ocean，it’s of great importance to the world；however，its pollution is
becoming more and more serious.(2021·全国甲)毫无疑问，故宫提供了一个进入中国木构建筑的窗口，这有助于外国人更多
地了解中国文化。
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2．副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiously
＝with anxiety curiously＝with curiosity comfortably＝in comfort peacefully＝in peace
hurriedly＝in a hurry joyfully＝with joy
(2022·浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以
走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction，“One
person can go far，but a group of persons can travel farther.”
(2020·浙江7月)我们万分焦急地等待获救。
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3．活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越感到精力充沛。
The more encouragement I heard，the more energetic I felt.
(2022·全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
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(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
(2022·全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。
As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more important than self-discipline in English learning.
(2021·浙江6月)我意识到没有什么比把这119美元给我的家人更有意义了。直到我把钱交
给爸爸的时候，我才知道了成长的真正意义。
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