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绝密★启用前
2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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考生编号
考生姓名2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (lOpoints)
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Toda is no
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different, with academics, wnters, and act1v1sts once agam 1 that technology
is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be
defined b 2 : A few wealth people will own all the capital, and the masses
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will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
A different and not mutuall exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a
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wasteland of a different sort, one 4 b purposelessness: Without jobs to give
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their lives 5 , people will simpl become lazy and depressed. 6 , toda 's
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unemplo ed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20
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percent of Americans who have been unemplo ed for at least a ear report having
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depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests
that the 8 for rising rates of mortalit , mental-health problems, and addiction
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9 poorl -educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps
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this is wh man 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
y y
But it doesn't 11 follow from findings like these that a world without
work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being
unemplo ed in a societ built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of
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work, a societ designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingl different
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circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Toda , the 15 of work may
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be a bit overblown. "Man jobs are boring, degrading, unhealth , and a waste of
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human potential," sa s John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of
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Ireland in Galway.
These da s, because leisure time is relativel 16 for most workers,
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people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17
of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard da 's work, I often feel 18 ,"
y
Danaher sa s, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather
y
different"— perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobb or a
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passion project with the intensity usuall reserved for 20 matters.
y
- 1 -1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring
2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty
3. [A] policy [B] guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction
4. [A] characterized [B] divided [C ] balanced [D] measured
5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom
6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless
7. [A] rich [B] urban [C] working [D] educated
8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute
9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among
10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside
11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically
12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles
13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield
15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship
16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce
17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats
18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C ] confused [D] starved
19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into
20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
- 2 -Text 1
Every Saturda morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km
y
around their local ark. The Parkrun henomenon began with a dozen friends and
p p
has ins ired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed b
p y
thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four ears old to grand arents; their
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times range from Andrew Baddele 's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds u to an
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hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London's Ol m ic "legac " is failing. Ten ears
y p y y
ago on Monda , it was announced that the Games of the 30th Ol m iad would be in
y y p
London. Planning documents ledged that the great legac of the Games would be
p y
to lever a nation of s ort lovers awa from their couches. The o ulation would be
p y p p
fitter, healthier and roduce more winners. It has not ha ened. The number of
p pp
adults doing weekl s ort did rise, b nearl 2 million in the run-u to 2012 - but
y p y y p
the general o ulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an
p p
accelerating rate. The o osition claims rimary school u ils doing at least two
pp p p p
hours of s ort a week have nearl halved. Obesit has risen among adults and
p y y
children. Official retros ections continue as to wh London 2012 failed to "ins ire a
p y p
generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.
Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your onl com etitor is the clock. The
y p
ethos welcomes an bod . There is as much jo over a uffed-out first-timer being
y y y p
cla ed over the line as there is about to talent shining. The Ol m ic bidders, b
pp p y p y
contrast, wanted to get more eo le doing s ort and to roduce more elite athletes.
p p p p
The dual aim was mixed u : The stress on success over taking art was intimidating
p p
for newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the
lanning of such a fundamentall "grassroots" conce t as communit s orts
p y p y p
associations. If there is a role for government, it should reall be getting involved in
y
roviding common goods — making sure there is s ace for la ing fields and the
p p p y
mone to ave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the rovision of all these
y p p
activities in schools. But successive governments have resided over selling green
p
s aces, squeezing mone from local authorities and declining attention on s ort in
p y p
education. Instead of word , worth strategies, future governments need to do more
y y
to rovide the conditions for s ort to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
p p
- 3 -21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has .
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C] strengthened community ties
[D] become an official festival
22. The author believes that London's Ol pic "legacy" has failed to .
ym
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C] improve the city's image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
23. Parkrun is different from Ol pic games in that it .
ym
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should .
[A] organize "grassroots" sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in public sports facilities
25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .
[A] tolerant
[B] critical
[C] uncertam
[D] sympathetic
- 4 -Text2
With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's eas for parents to for et
y g
about their own screen use. "Tech is designed to reall suck ou in," sa s Jenn
y y y y
Radesk in her stud of di ital pla , "and di ital products are there to promote
y y g y g
maximal en a ement. It makes it hard to disen a e, and leads to a lot of bleed-over
g g g g
into the famil routine."
y
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes b
y
ivin mother-child pairs a food-testin exercise. She found that mothers who used
g g g
devices durin the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer
g
nonverbal interactions with their children. Durin a separate observation, she saw
g
that phones became a source of tension in the famil . Parents would be lookin at
y g
their emails while the children would be makin excited bids for their attention.
g
Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and
if those faces are blank and unresponsive - as the often are when absorbed in a
y
device — it can be extremel disconcertin for the children. Radesk cites the "still
y g y
face experiment" devised b developmental ps cholo ist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.
y y g
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal wa before puttin on a
y g
blank expression and not ivin them an visual social feedback: The child
g g y
becomes increasin l distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.
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"Parents don't have to be exquisitel present at all times, but there needs to be a
y
balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or
nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," sa s Radesk .
y y
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'
use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents
should alwa s be interactin " with their children: "It's based on a somewhat
y g
fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that sa s if ou're failin
y y g
to expose our child to 30,000 words ou are ne lectin them." Tronick believes
y y g g
that just because a child isn't learnin from the screen doesn't mean there's no value
g
to it— particularl if it ives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simpl
y g y
have a break from their child. Parents, he sa s, can et a lot out of usin their
y g g
devices to speak to a friend or et some work out of the wa . This can make them
g y
feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
- 5 -26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to
[A] simplify routine matters
[B] absorb user attention
[C] better interpersonal relations
[D] increase work efficiency
27. Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers'use of devices
[A] takes away babies'appetite
[B] distracts children's attention
[C] slows down babies'verbal development
[D] reduces mother-child communication
28. Radesky cites the "still face experiment" to show that .
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents'mood
[D] parents need to respond to children's emotional needs
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to .
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
[D] remain concerned about kids'use of screens
30. According to Tronick, kids'use ofs creens may .
[A] give their parents some free time
[B] make their parents more creative
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
- 6 -Text3
Toda , widespread social pressure to immediatel o to colle e in conjunction
y y g g
with increasin l hi h expectations in a fast-movin world often causes students to
g y g g
completel overlook the possibility of takin a ap ear. After all, if everyone ou
y g g y y
know is oin to colle e in the fall, it seems sill to sta back a ear, doesn't it? And
g g g y y y
after oin to school for 12 ears, it doesn't feel natural to spend a ear doin
g g y y g
somethin that isn't academic.
g
But while this ma be true, it's not a ood enou h reason to condemn ap ears.
y g g g y
There's always a constant fear of fallin behind everyone else on the sociall
g y
perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school,
medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a ap ear
g y
does not hinder the success of academic pursuits -in fact, it probabl enhances it.
y
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a ap
g
ear are enerall better prepared for and perform better in colle e than those
y g y g
who do not. Rather than pullin students back, a ap ear pushes them ahead b
g g y y
preparin them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental chan es
g g
— all thin s that first- ear students often stru le with the most. Gap ear
g y gg y
experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjustin to colle e and bein
g g g
thrown into a brand new environment, makin it easier to focus on academics and
g
activities rather than acclimation blunders.
If ou're not convinced of the inherent value in takin a ear off to explore
y g y
interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. Accordin to
g
the National Center for Education Statistics, nearl 80 percent of colle e students end
y g
up chan in their majors at least once. This isn't surprisin , considerin the basic
g g g g
mandatory hi h school curriculum leaves students with a poor understandin of the
g g
vast academic possibilities that await them in colle e. Man students find themselves
g y
listin one major on their colle e applications, but switchin to another after takin
g g g g
colle e classes. It's not necessaril a bad thin , but dependin on the school, it can be
g y g g
costl to make up credits after switchin too late in the ame. At Boston Colle e, for
y g g g
example, ou would have to complete an extra ear were ou to switch to the nursin
y y y g
school from another department. Takin a ap ear to fi ure thin s out initiall can
g g y g g y
help prevent stress and save mone later on.
y
- 7 -31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .
[A] they think it academically misleading
[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .
[A] keep students from being unrealistic
[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen's financial burdens
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
33. The word "acclimation" (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
[A] ad tation
ap
[B] application
[C] motlvat10n
[D] competition
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .
[A] avoid academic failures
[B] establish long-term goals
[C] switch to another college
[D] decide on the right major
35. The most suitable title for this text would be
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back
[D] The Gap Year: ADilemma
- 8 -Text4
Thou h often viewed as a problem for western states, the growin frequenc of
g g y
wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, sa s
y
Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and mana ement.
g
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5
billion annual bud et fi htin fires - nearl double the percenta e it spent on such
g g g y g
efforts 20 ears a o. In effect, fewer federal funds toda are oin towards the
y g y g g
a enc 's other work -such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources
g y
mana ement, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.
g
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other a encies are
g
oin into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are
g g
federal dollars buildin homes that are likel to be lost to a wildfire?
g y
"It's alread a hu e problem from a public expenditure perspective for the
y g
whole country," he sa s. "We need to take a magnifyin lass to that. Like, 'Wait a
y g g
minute, is this OK?' Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on
lower-hazard parts of the landscape?"
Such a view would require a correspondin shift in the wa US society today
g y
views fire, researchers sa .
y
For one thin , conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over
g
the past decade, the focus has been on climate chan e — how the warmin of the
g g
Earth from gree呻ouse ases is leadin to conditions that worsen fires.
g g
While climate is a ke element, Moritz sa s, it shouldn't come at the expense
y y
of the rest of the equation.
"The human s stems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the
y
interactions o both wa s," he sa s. Failin to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an
g y y g
overl simplified view of what the solutions mi ht be. Our perception of the
y g
problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited."
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be
wholl controlled and unleashed onl out of necessit , sa s Professor Balch at the
y y y y
University of Colorado. But acknowled in fire's inevitable presence in human life
g g
is an attitude crucial to developin the laws, policies, and practices that make it as
g
safe as possible, she sa s.
y
"We've disconnected ourselves from livin with fire," Balch sa s. "It is reall
g y y
i ortant to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with
mp
fire today."
- 9 -3 6. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .
[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states
[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to .
[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas
[B] avoid the redirection of federal money
[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds
38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .
[A] public debates have not settled yet
[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving
[C] other factors should not be overlooked
[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place
39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .
[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature
[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems
[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life
[D] understand the interrelat10ns of man and nature
40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .
[A] do away with
[B] come to terms with
[C] pay a price for
[D] keep away from
- 10 -PartB
Directions:
Read the followin text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to
g
its correspondin information in the ri ht column. There are two extra choices in
g g
the ri ht column. Mark our answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (IO points)
g y
The decline in American manufacturin is a common refrain, particularl from
g y
Donald Trump. "We don't make anythin anymore," he told Fox News, while
g
defendin his own made-in-Mexico clothin line.
g g
Without question, manufacturin has taken a significant hit durin recent
g g
decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit
manufacturin .
g
But there is also a different wa to look at the data.
y
Across the country, factory owners are now grapplin with a new challen e:
g g
Instead of havin too man workers, the ma end up with too few. Despite trade
g y y y
competition and outsourcin , American manufacturin still needs to replace tens of
g g
thousands of retirin boomers every ear. Millennials ma not be that interested in
g y y
takin their place. Other industries are recruitin them with similar or better pa .
g g y
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers— and upward
pressure on wa es. "The 're harder to find and the have job offers," sa s Ja
g y y y y
Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Sprin , a famil -owned firm, "The may be
g y y
comin [into the workforce], but the 've been plucked b other industries that are
g y y
also doin as well as manufacturin ." Mr. Dunwell has begun brin in hi h school
g g g g g
juniors to the factory so the can et exposed to its culture.
y g
At RoMan Manufacturin , a maker of electrical transformers and weldin
g g
equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close e e on the
y
a e of his nearl 200 workers. Five are retirin this ear. Mr. Roth has three
g y g y
community-colle e students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a startin
g g
wa e of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two ears.
g y
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, oun Jason Stenquist looks
y g
flustered b the copper coils he's tryin to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.
y g
It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he sa s at hi h
y g
school he considered medical school before switchin to electrical en ineerin . "I
g g g
love workin with tools. I love creatin ," he sa s.
g g y
But to win over these oun workers, manufacturers have to clear another
y g
- 11 -major hurdle: parents, who lived throu h the worst US economic downturn since
g
the Great Depression, tellin them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their
g
father and mother both were laid off. The blame it on the manufacturin
y g
recession," sa s Bir it Klohs, chief executive of The Ri ht Place, a business
y g g
development a enc for western Michi an.
g y g
These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturin has fallen
g
from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery be an, worker
g
shorta es first appeared in the hi h-skilled trades. Now shorta es are appearin at
g g g g
the mid-skill levels.
"The ap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of
g
skill," sa s Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community Colle e.
y g
"There're enou h people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where ou
g y
don't need to have much skill. It's that ap in between, and that's where the problem
g
"
IS.
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community Colle e points to another ke to
g y
lurin Millennials into manufacturin : a work/life balance. While their parents were
g g
content to work lon hours, oun people value flexibility. "Overtime is not
g y g
attractive to this eneration. The reall want to live their lives," she sa s.
g y y y
[A] sa s that he switched to electrical en ineerin because he
y g g
loves workin with tools.
g
41. Ja Dunwell [B] points out that there are enou h people to fill the jobs that
y g
don't need much skill.
42. Jason Stenquist [C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anythin
g
anymore.
43. Bir it Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close e e on the a e of
g y g
his workers.
44. Rob Spohr [E] sa s that for factory owners, workers are harder to find
y
because of stiff competition.
45. Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract oun
y g
people into manufacturin .
g
[G] sa s that the manufacturin recession is to blame for the
y g
la -off of the oun people's parents.
y y g
- 12 -Section III Translation
46. Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and
publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing
and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.
However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to
compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not
the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would
study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities.
But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a
dream — I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I
decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when
I noticed the course "Fashion Media & Promotion."
- 13 -Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose ou are invited b Professor Williams to give a presentation about
y y
Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a repl to
y
1) accept the invitation, and
2) introduce the ke points of our presentation.
y y
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use our own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
y
Do not write our address. (10 points)
y
PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essa based on the chart below. In our writing, ou should
y y y
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give our comments.
y
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
2013年 2014年 2015年
I + 1
博物馆数益（家）一量参观人数 （十万人次）
2013-2015年我国博物馆数散和参观人数
- 14 -
