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年年12
1
月
2
月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（（第第1
1
套套））
PartI Writing
(30minutes)
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Section A 扫码获音频
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
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a single line through the centre.
a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
11..A A)L)a Lnda nad sap sapcaec ev evheihcilcele oonn tthhee mmoooonn iinn 22001199..
B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.
B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.
C)C )S Sete t uupp aa mmoobbiillee pphhoonnee nneettwwoorrkk oonn tthhee m moooonn..
D)DG)a tGhaetrh edra tdaa taf rformo mt hteh em mooono wni wthi tha at tiinnyy ddeevviiccee..
2.
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C)C )I tI t iiss iinneexxppeennssiivvee.. D)D I) tI ti iss ssoopphhiissttiiccaatteedd..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.3A. )AIt) Ilt alsatsetedd m moroer et thhaann s siixx hhoouurrss..
B)B )N oN oin ijnujruireiess wwereer ey yeett rreeppoorrtteedd..
C)C )N oNboobdyo dwya sw aisn itnh teh eb ubiulidlidning gw whehne ni ti t bbrrookkee oouutt..
D)DI)t Iht ahda dbu brunernd efdo rfo 4r 54 5mi mnuitneust ebsy btyh eth tei tmiem fei frierfeifgighhteterrss aarrrriivveedd..
4.4A. )ARe) cRrueictru aitn da ntdr atriani nm omreo rfei frierefifigghhtteerrss..
B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
C)CT)u rTnu rtnh teh es hsohpoppipnign gm amlall li innttoo aann aammuusseemmenetn t ppaarrkk..
D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.
D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. 5 A . ) A ) S h S r h i r n i k n i k n in g g p p o o ta ta t t o o f fa a r r m mi in ng g . . B)B )H eHaevayv yre rleiliaannccee oonn iimmppoorrtt..
C)C )W Widiedsepsrperaeda dp lpalnatn t ddiisseeaassee.. D)D I) nIsnusfuffifcicieiennt t ppoottaattoo ssuuppppllyy..
6.
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B)BI)t Itw awnatnst st oto eexxppaannd di ittss oowwnn ffaarrmmiinngg..
C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.
C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.
D)D )I tI t iiss wwoorrrriieedd aabboouutt uunnffaaiirr ccoommppeettiittiioonn..
7
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C) Government regulation. D) Diminishing investment.
C) Government regulation. D) Diminishing investment.
Section B
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
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with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
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C)Dull. D) Shallow.
C) Dull. D) Shallow.
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D She takes notes.
C) She takes photos.
C) She takes photos. D) She takes notes.
1 1 0 0 .A . ) A I ) t It k e k e e p e s p s h h e e r r m m in in d d a a c c t t i iv v e e . . B)B )I Itt mmaakkeess hheerr ssttaayy aawwaakkee..
C) It enables her to think hard. D) It helps her kill time.
C) It enables her to think hard. D) It helps her kill time.
1111.A. )A )I tI t eennaabbleless hheerr ttoo iimmpprroovvee hheerr pprroonnuunncciiaattiioonn..
B)BI)t Ith ehleplps sh heerr bbeetttteerr rermemeemmbbeerr wwhhaatt sshhee lleeaarmnss..
C)It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
D)DI)t Ipt rporvoevs etso t ob eb ef afra rm moroer ee feffefcetcitivvee tthhaann wwrirtitiinngg..
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1122.. AA)) TToo ssppeenndd hheerr h hoonneeyymmoooonn..
B) To try authentic Indian food.
B) To try authentic Indian food.
C)C )T oT ot atakke ep phhotootos so off tthhee TTaajj MMaahhaall..
D)DT)o Ttor atcrea cteh eth eor oirgiigni no fo fa a lloovvee ssttoorryy..
1
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BB) )I Inn hhoonnoro ro off aa ggrreeaatt eemmppeerroorr..
C)To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.
C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.
D)DTo) Tcoel ceebrleabtera tteh et hbei rbtirht ho fo fa ap pririnncceessss'’ss 1144tthh cchhiilldd..
1144.A. )AI)t Itl olookosk so oldldeerr tthhaann eexxppeecctteedd..
B)B )I tIt iiss bbuuiilltt o of fw woooodd aanndd bbrriicckkss..
C)It stores lots of priceless antiques.
C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.
D)DI)t Iht ahsa sw awlallsl sd deeccooraratetedd wwitithh jjeewweellss..
15
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B)B )T Thehye ya arree mmoossttllyy ccrroowwddeedd..
C)CE)a Echa cohn eo nhea sh aas au nuinqiuqeu ec hcahraarcatceterr..
D)D L) iLfief ec acna nb be et teeddiioouuss iinn ssoommee ppllaacceess..
Section C
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
chcohiociecse sm marakrekde dA A),) , BB),), CC)),, DD)).. TThheenn mmaarrkk tthhee ccoorrrersepsoponnddiningg l eltetetrt eorn oAnn Asnwsweerr
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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1166.A. )AT)h eTyh ehyel hpe lspp rseparde atdh eth el altaetesstt tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
B) They greatly enrich people's leisure life.
B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.
C) They provide residents with the resources needed.
C) They provide residents with the resources needed.
D)D )T hTehy eayl alollwo wfr feree ea caccecsess st oto d diiggiittaall bbooookkss aanndd vviiddeeooss..
1
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B)By inspiring their creativity.
B) By inspiring their creativity.
C)C )B yB yke keepeipngin tgh tehme mof fo ftf hteh es sttrreeeettss..
D)By providing a place of relaxation.
D) By providing a place of relaxation.
1
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BB)T)h eTyh euyse uds eldib lriabrriaersie sl elsess so offtteenn tthhaann tteeeennaaggeerrss..
C)CTh) eTyh teeyn dteend dteod vtois viits ilt ilbibrarrairieess rreegguullaarrllyy..D) Their number increased modestly.
D) Their number increased modestly.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
119.9A. )AIt) Iits i st hthe ec clleevvereerests t ccaatt iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd..
B)B I)t I ti iss tthhee llaarrggeesstt ccaatt iinn AAffrriiccaa..
C) It is an unusual cross breed.
C) It is an unusual cross breed.
D)D I) tI ti iss aa llaarrggee--ssiizzeedd wwiilldd ccaatt..
20.A) They are as loyal as dogs.
20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.
B) They have unusually long tails.
B) They have unusually long tails.
C)C )T hTehye yar aer ef ofnodn do fo fs lsleeeeppiningg i inn ccaabbiinneettss..
D)They know how to please their owners.
D) They know how to please their owners.
2211.A. )AT)h Teyh esyh askhea kteh tehieri rf frroonntt ppaawwss..
B) They teach them to dive.
B) They teach them to dive.
C) They shower with them.
C) They shower with them.
D) They shout at them.
D) They shout at them.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
222.2A. )A )A Anxnixoiuosu sa anndd d deepprreesssseedd..
B) Contented and relieved.
B) Contented and relieved.
C)C )E Excxictietedd bbuutt ssoommeewwhhaatt ssaadd..
DD) )P rPoruodu db ubtu ta a b biitt nneerrvvoouuss..
2233.A. )AI)t Iti sis bbeeccoomminign gp paraerenntsts'’b biiggggeesstt ccoonncceerrnn..
B)BI)t Iit si sg gaianinining gi innccrreeaasisningg p pubulbilcic a atttteennttiioonn..
C)CIt) Iit si sd depeepnednsd so no nt htehieri r ppaarreenntsts ffoorr ssuucccceessss..
DD)I)t Its tsatarrttss tthhee mmoommenetn tt thheeyy aarree bboorrnn..
24
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B)Read books and magazines to them.
B) Read books and magazines to them.
C)CH)e lHpe ltph ethme mto tol eleaarrnn bbyy tthheemmsseellvveess..
D)Choose the right school for them.
D) Choose the right school for them.
25
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B) Their home life.
B) Their home life.
C)The effort they put in leaming.
C) The effort they put in learning.
D)DT)h eT hqeu aqluiatlyi tyof o ft htheierir sscchhooooll..
Part Ⅲ
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n ( 4 ( 0 4 0 m m i i n n u u t t e es s ) )
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.MMillililoionsn sd dieie e eaarrllyy ffrroomm a aiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn eeaacchh yyeeaarr.. AAiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn ccoossttss ththee g glolobbaall e ceoconnoommyy mmoroer et hthana n$ 5$ 5t rtriilllliioonn aannnnuuaallllyy iinn
welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.
welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.
The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution.Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.
The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and
cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have
cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have
grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an"urgent call to action."One of the risk
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk
factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,"he said.
factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32nearly 1?
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of
GDP.Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels
GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels
of outdoor air pollution.
of outdoor air pollution.
But the problem is not limited34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.as a result of related
But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related
iillllnneesssseess.. InIn m maannyy EEuurrooppeeaann ccoouuntnrtriieess，, w whheerree ddieiesesle(l柴（油柴)油 3）5 3h5a vhaev eb ebceocmomee mmoorree ccoommmmono ni ni nr erceecnetn ty yeaerasrs，, ththaat tn unmumbbeerr
reaches tens of thousands.
reaches tens of thousands.
A) ability K) regularly
A) ability K) regularly
B)associated L) relates
B) associated L) relates
C) consciously M) sources
C) consciously M) sources
D) constant N) undermine
D) constant N) undermine
E) E ) c c o o n n t t r ro o l l O )O )v veehhiicclleess
F) damage
F) damage
G) described
G) described
H) equals
H) equals
I exctusively
I) exclusively
J)innovated
J) innovated
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
F
F
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d
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[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market in Huntington Beach, California,
[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California,
wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food.On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the
wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the
cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy.
cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy.
"Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?"he asks her."The frozen oranges and apples are a little
“Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little
cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the
cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the
night before and have it ready the next morning.""
night before and have it ready the next morning.”
[B[B] ]S cSoctott t iiss ddeelliigghhtteedd ttoo ggeet tf ofoodod a davdviciec ef rformom a ap hphyyssiciicaina nw whhoo iis sp rporgograrmam ddiirreecctotor ro fo fth teh nee naerbaryb My Maaryry a nandd D Diicckk AAlllleenn
Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center's 'Shop with Your Doc'program sends doctors to
Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to
the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around
the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around
with questions.
with questions.
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switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese."So I'd have to make it?"she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of
switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of
how long that might take,just to have her kids reject it. "I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won't eat it."
how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[[DD] ]N aNdaedaeua usa yssa yssu gsaurg aarn da npdr opcreoscseesds efdo ofdoso dasr ea rbei gb icgo nctornitbruibtourtosr st ot ot hteh er irsisiinngg ddiiaabbeetteess rraatteess aammoonngg cchhiillddrreenn.. “"IInn
America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,"Nadeau tells her."And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based
America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based
ffooodo.d .I I tthhiinnkk wwee s shhouoludl dt rtryy ttoo rreevveerrssee tthhaatt..”" SSccootttt aaggrreeeess ttoo ttrryy mmoorree ffrruuiitt jujuiciecse sf ofro rth teh ke idkisd asn adn dto t mo amkakee r eraela lm maaccaarroonnii aanndd
cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.
cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.
[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been
[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been
around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment.
around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment,
raratthheerr tthhaann rreellyyiinngg ssoolleellyy oonn mmeeddiiccaattiioonnss （(药药物物)）. .BByy pprreessccrribibinigng n nuutrtirtiiotnioanl aclh acnhganegse os r olra ulnacuhnicnhgi npgr opgroragmrasm ss uscuhc ha sa s‘'SShhoopp
with your Doc', they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat."There's no question
with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question
people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure,even preventing cancer by food
people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food
choices,"Nadeau says.
choices,” Nadeau says.
[[FF]]I nI nt hthe eb bigig ppiiccttuurree,, ssaayyss DDrr.. RRiicchhaarrdd AAffaabbllee,, CCEEOO aanndd pprreessiiddeenntt ooff SSTT..J Joosesepph hH oHaoga gHe Haletahl,th m, emdiecdailc ail nisntsittituuttiioonnss
acarcorosss s ththee ssttaattee aarree ssttaarrttiningg toto mmaakkee aa pphhiilloossoopphhiiccaall sswwiittcchh ttoo bbeeccoomminign ga ah ehaelatlht ho rogragnainziaztaitoionn, , nnoot t jjuusstt aa hheeaalltthh ccaarree
organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General
organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General
Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city.
Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city.
The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition,along with intensive training in how to
The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to
cook it."We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,"says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital's
cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s
medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. "We want people to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role
medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role
food plays in their lives."
food plays in their lives.”
[[GG] ]I nIn S Souotuhtehrenr nC aClaifliofronrinai,a , LLomoam Lai nLdian dUan iUvenrisvietrys itSyc hSocohl ooofl oMef dMiceidneic iinse oifsf eorfifenrgi nsgp escpieacliiazleidz etdr atrianiinnign gf ofro ri titss rreessiiddeenntt
physicians in Lifestyle Medicine— that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly
physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly
show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that
show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that
every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data
every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data
and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high
and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high
rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart
rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart
disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and
disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and
vegetables.
vegetables.
【
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preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is
preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is
designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients'nutritional habits. The medical
designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical
center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about
center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about
which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
[] Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says,and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending
[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending
on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare
on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare
them, she says, can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that
them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that
patient's family."What people eat can be medicine or poison,"Rea says."As a physician, nutrition is one of the most
patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most
powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.
powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”
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inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for
inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for
people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
[K]"As what happened with tobacco,this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen," says Nguyen."In the same
[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same
way physicians used to smoke,and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can
way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can
have a bigger voice in it."
have a bigger voice in it.”
36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
39.A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
40.Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
42.Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
43.Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
45.Americans'high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds
of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New
of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New
research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous dilling of wells
research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells
cocuoludl do nolny lyr eraecahc hde dptehpst hosf o1f， 10,0000 0f efeete，t, bbuutt dduuee ttoo n neeww ppuummpipnign gp rparcatcitciecse，s, wwaatteerr ddeeeeppeerr tthhaann tthhiiss ccaann nnooww b be ee extxrtraacctetedd（ (抽抽取取）)..
TTheh et etaema mat a tS tSatnafnofrodr di ninvevsetsitgigaatteedd tthhee aaqquuiiffeerrss（(地地下下蓄蓄水水层层）)bbeellooww tthhiiss ddeepptthh aanndd ffoouunndd tthhaatt rreesseerrvveess mmaayy bbee ttrriipplele w whhaatt wwaass
previously thought.
previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it
become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which
become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which
means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this
means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this
deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the
deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the
weight of the earth above.
weight of the earth above.
EEvevne nth tohuoguh gphu mppuimngp finrogm frtohmes et hdeespet hdse pisth se xipse nesxipveen，s iviet , iist isst sitlilll cchheeaappere rt thhaann d deseaslailninaatitinngg（(脱脱盐盐）)tthhee oocceeaann wwaatteerr iinn tthhee
largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.
largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.
Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater,and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to
Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to
their severe water shortage.
their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This
means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the
means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the
exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves
exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves
now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
46.How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
AA) )B By yb ubiulidldiinngg mmoroer er reesseerrvveess ooff ggrroouunnddwwaatteerr..
BB)B)y B dyr adwrianwgi nwga twera tefrr ofmro tmh et hdee dptehpst hosf o ft hthe ee eaarrtthh..
C)CB)y B dye vdeelvoeplionpgi nmgo mreo raed vaadnvcaendc eddr idlrlililningg d deevviicceess..
D) By upgrading its water distribution system.
D) By upgrading its water distribution system.
47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
AA)I)t I tw wasa sd edeemeemd evdi tvailta lt oto ssoollvviinngg tthhee wwaatteerr pprroobblleemm..
Passage OneB) It was not considered worth the expense.
B) It was not considered worth the expense.
C) It may not provide quality freshwater.
C) It may not provide quality freshwater.
D)DI)t Iit si sb boounudn dt ot og gaianin s suupppoprotr tf frroomm t hthe el looccaall ppeeooppllee..
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
AA)T)h Te hsei nskinikngin gof o fl alandn ds usurfrfaaccee.. CC)) TThhee ddaammagaeg et ot oa aqquiufifeerrss..
B)The harm to the ecosystem. D)The change of the climate.
B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.
49.What does the author say about deep wells?
49. What does the author say about deep wells?
A) They run without any need for repairs.
A) They run without any need for repairs.
B)BT)h eTyh eayre a reen teinrteirleyl yf rfereee f frroomm p pololluluttaannttss..
C)C )T hTehy eayr ae ret hteh eu lutlitimmataet es sooluluttiioonn ttoo ddrroouugghhttss..
D)D )T hTehye ypr porvoivdeid ea as tseteaaddy ys suuppplpyly o off ffrreesshhwwaatteerr..
50.What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
AA) )P Peoepolpel'es’ sh heeaalltthh mmaayy iimmpprorovev ew witihth c clleeaanneerr wwaatteerr..
B)B )P ePoepolpe'les’ sw awtaetre rb bililllss mmaayy bbee lloowweerreedd ccoonnssiiddeerraabbllyy..
C)C )T hTeh ec ocsots tm maya yg og ou pu pd udeu et ot od deseaslailinnaattiioonn..
D)D )T hTehye ym amy abye beex ehxauhsatuesdte sdo soonoenr eor ro rl alatteerr..
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
But can artificial intelligence(AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can
program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than
program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than
human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid
human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid
hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to
hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to
avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to
a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot'took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was
About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was
designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she
designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she
received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor
received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor
racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing
AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing
to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The
to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The
unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo.He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said
people will be the winer, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and"just
people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just
better human beings."
better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?
51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?
AA)C)oCmopmutpeurtse rwsi wlli llp prerevvaialil oovveerr hhuummaann bbeeiinnggss..
BB)C)oCmopmutpeurtse rhs ahvaev eu numnamtcahtcehde dpo ptoetnetnitaiall..
C)CC)oCmpoumteprust earrs ea rmea mn'asn ’pso tpeontteinatlia lr irivvaallss..
DD)C)oCmopumtpeurste rcsa nc abne bceocmeo mhei ghhilgyh liyn tinetlelliliggeenntt..
52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
AA)T)hTehy eayr ea reca cpaapblaeb loef o pf rperdeidcitcitnign gp opsossisbilbel er riisskkss..
B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
D)DT)hTeyh esya csraicfriifciec ee evvereyryththiinngg ttoo ssaavvee hhuummaan nl liivveess..
53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
B)BH)oHw otwo teon seunrseu rteh atth astu spuepr-eirn-itnetlelliliggeennt t AAI I mmacahcihniense sa catc te eththiiccaallllyy..
C)CH)oHwo two top rperveevnetn tA AI Im macahcihniense s ddooiinngg hhaarrmm ttoo hhuummaannss..
D)DH)oHw otwo toav aoviodi db ebiening go ovveerr--ddeeppeennddeennt t oonn AAII mmaacchhiinneess..
54.What do we learn about Microsoft's "chatbot"Taylor?
54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s “chatbot” Taylor?
AA)S)hSeh ec ocuoludl dn onto td diissttiinngguuiisshh ggoooodd ffrroomm bbaadd..
B)She could turn herself off when necessary.
B)She could turn herself off when necessary.
C)CS)hSeh ewa ws anso nt omt amdea dteo toha hnadnled len onvoevl esl istiutuaattiioonnss..
D)She was good at performing routine tasks.
D)She was good at performing routine tasks.
55.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
A) It will be far superior to human beings.
A) It will be far superior to human beings.
B)BI)t Itw iwlill l kkeeeepp iimmpprorovviningg a ass ttiimmee ggooeess bbyy..
C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
D)D )I tI t wwililll bbee hheerree ttoo sstatyay w whhaatteevveerr ththee o ouutctcoommee..
Part NV
Translation
Part Ⅳ Translation ( 3 (3 0 0 m m i i n n u u t t e e s s ) )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
他他们们现现在在经经常常智智能能手手机机上上看看新新闻闻和和文文章章，，而而不不买买传传统统报报刊刊。。大大量量移移动动应应用用程程序序的的开开发发使使人人们们能能用用手手机机读读小小说说和和其其他他
形形式式的的文文学学作作品品。。因因此此，，纸纸质质书书籍籍的的销销售售受受到到了了影影响响。。但但调调查查显显示示，，尽尽管管能能手手机机阅阅读读市市场场稳稳步步增增长长，，超超半半数数成成年年人人
仍仍喜喜欢欢读读纸纸质质书书。。_________________
2
2
0
0
1
1
8
8
年年12
1
月
2
月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（（第第2
2
套套））
Part I Writing
Part I Writing ((3300mmininuutteess))
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
扫码获音频
qDueisrteicotniso.n sB:otInh tthhies nseewcst iorenp, oyrot ua nwd iltlh he eqaure tshtrieoen sn ewwilsl rbeep osrptosk. eAn to tnhley eonncde .o fA fetaecrh ynoeuw hse arer pao rqt,u eysotuio wn,i lyl ohue amru sttw coh ooors eth rtehee
beqsute satinosnwse.r Bfortohm thteh en efwousr r ecphooritc easn dm tahrek eqdu eAs)t,ioB)n,s wC)il la bnde sDp)o.k Tehne onn mlya rokn cteh.e Acfotrerr eysopuon hdeianrg al qetuteesrti oonn, yAnosuw meru sSth ecehto o1s ew ithteh
a bseisntg laen slwineer ftrhormou gthh et fhoeu cr ecnhtoreic.es marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1
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B)BA) bAe abme aambo aubt otuetn t efne efete lt olongn gc oclolllaappsseedd ttoo tthhee ggrroouunndd..
C)C )A A r eressccuue ew worokrekre rg ogto tt trraappppeedd iinn tthhee bbaasseemmeenntt..
D)D )A Ad edseesretretde d1 0100-0y-eyaera-ro-lodl db ubiulidldiinngg c caauughgth tf fiirree..
2.2A. )A H)e H seu fsfuefrfeedre ad afa ftaatla li innjjuurryy iinn aann aacccciiddeenntt..
B) He once served in a fire department.
B) He once served in a fire department.
C) He was collecting building materials.
C) He was collecting building materials.
DD) )H He em omveodv eidn tinot oh ihsi sn neeiigghhbboro'rs’s oolldd hhoouussee..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.3A. )A I) mIpmropvreo vteh eth mea mthast hssk islklilsl so of f hhiigghh sscchhooooll tteeaacchheerrss..
B)B )C hCahnagne gBer Bitriitsihs hp peoepolpel'es’s nneeggaattiivvee vviieeww ooff mmaatthhss..
C)C )H eHlepl pB rBirtiitsishh ppeeoopplele uunndderesrsttaanndd tthheeiirr ppaayycchheecckkss..
D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.
D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.
4.
4
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.
)
A
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l
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.
.
B)BT)h eT hpueb pliucb lsicee sse etsh et hvea lvuael uoef omfa mthast hisn itnh tehier irl iliffee..
C)British people know how to do elementary calculations.
C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.
D)DP)r iPmraimrya rsyc hsocohlo otle taecahcehresr su undnedresrtsatanndd b baassiicc mmaatthhss ccoonncceeppttss..
Questions 5to 7 are based on the news report you havejust heard.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
55..A )AH)e Hoew nosw an sf lae felte eotf o fa iarirccrraafftt..
B) He is learning to be a pilot.
B) He is learning to be a pilot.
C)C )H eH ree rgeagradrsd sh ihsi sr oroyayla ld duutitieess aass aa bbuurrddeenn..
D)He held a part-time job for over 20 years.
D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.
6.6A. )A H) eH cea nc adne mdoenmstornastter ahteis h issu pseurpieorri opri plioltoitning gs kskililllss..
B)BH)e Hcea nc acnh acnhgaen hgies h fiso cfuosc uosf oaft attetnetnitioonn a anndd r reellaaxx..
C) He can show his difference from other royalty.
C) He can show his difference from other royalty.
DD)H)e Hcea nc acno mceo minet ion tcol ocsleors ecr ocnotnatcatc tw iwtiht hh hisis ppeeooppllee..
7
7
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.
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.
B) They liked him in his uniform.
B) They liked him in his uniform.
C)C )T Thehye yr arraerellyy rreeccooggnniisseedd hhiimm..
D)DT)h Teyh ewye rwee rseu rsuprrpirsiesde dt too sseeee hhiimm..Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
with a single line through the centre.
QuQeusteisotinosn s8 8t oto 1111 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonn yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
8.
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B) It didn't need much capital to start with.
B) It didn’t need much capital to start with.
C)C )W Wooodo sdu spupplpy lyw aws aps lpelnetnitfifuull iinn RRoommaanniiaa..
D) They saw a business opportunity there.
D) They saw a business opportunity there.
99.A. )A P) rPorvoivdeid qeu qaluiatlyit yf ufrunrintiutruer ea att aaffffoorrddaabbllee pprriicceess..
B)B )A tAttrtaractc t ffoorreeiiggnn iinnvveessttmmeenntt ttoo eexxppaanndd bbuussiinneessss..
C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.
C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.
DD) )O Opepne ns soomme em omroer eb braranncchh ccoommpapnaineiess iinn GGeerrmmaannyy..
1
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.
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.
B) They are imported from Germany.
B) They are imported from Germany.
C)C )T Thehye ya allll ccoommee ffrroomm RRoommaanniiaa..
D)They come from all over the continent.
D) They come from all over the continent.
11.A)All across urope. B) Throughout the world.
11. A) All across Europe. B) Throughout the world.
C) Mostly in Bucharest. D) In Romania only.
C) Mostly in Bucharest. D) In Romania only.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
112.2A. )A G) oG too toa ac ocnocnecret rtw iwtiht hh ihmim a nadn dhi hsi sg igrirllffrriieenndd..
B)B )T rTyr yo uotu ta a nneeww r ereststaauurraannt t ttooggeetthheerr iinn totowwnn..
C)C )G oG owi wthit hh ihmi mto t oc hcohoosoes ea ap peaeralr l ffoorr SSuussaann..
D)DA)t tAetntde ntdh eth oep oenpienngi nogf oaf al olcoacla lr reessttaauurraanntt..
113.3A. )A I)t I ti iss ssppoonnssoorreedd b byy l looccaall rreessttaauurraannttss..
B)B )I tI t ssppeecciiaalliizzeess iinn ffoooodd aaddvveerrttiizziinngg..
C) It is especially popular with the young.
C) It is especially popular with the young.
DD)I)t Itp rporvoivdiedse si innffoorrmmataitoion no on nl looccaall eevveennttss..
1
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B)BT)h eTyh etyr etaret att hthemesmeslevlevse st oto v vaarriioouuss eenntteerrttaaiinnmmeennttss..
C)C )T hTehy egyo gtoo teoa te aatt a td idfiffefererentn ts sttyylliisshh rreessttaauurraannttss..
D)D T) hTehy epya rptairctiicpiaptae tei ni na av varairieettyy ooff ssoocciiaall eevveennttss..
1
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B)This year's Restaurant Week will start soon.
B) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.
CC) )B Bigiggegre rd idsicscouonutnst sw wilill l bbee ooffffeerreedd tthhiiss R Reessttaauurraanntt W Weeeekk..
D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.
D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.
Section C
Section C
Directions: In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
he
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once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
ch
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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1166.A. )AR)e Rwaerwdianrdg intgh etmh efmo rf oera etaitnign gv veeggeteatabblleess..
B)B )E xEpxopsoinsign gt htehme mto t ov evgeegteatbalbelse sr reeppeeaatteeddllyy..CC) )I Immprporvoivngin tgh teh et atsatsete o off vveeggeettaabbllee ddiisshheess ffoorr tthheemm..
D)DE)x pElxapinlaiinngi ntgh et hbee bneefnietfsit so fo fe eaattiinngg vveeggeettaabblleess ttoo ththeemm..
1177.A. )A )T hTehye yw ewree rdei dsilsilkikeedd m mosots tb byy c chhiillddrreenn..
B) They were considered most nutritious.
B) They were considered most nutritious.
C)They were least used in Belgian cooking.
C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.
D)They were essential to children's health.
D) They were essential to children’s health.
18
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.
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.
B)BC)h iClhdirlednr'esn ’se aetaitning gh haabibtitss ccaann bbee cchhaannggeedd..
C) Parents watch closely what children eat.
C) Parents watch closely what children eat.
D)D )C hCihldilrderne'ns’ sc hcohiociecse so fo ff fooood dv varayr yg grereataltlyy..
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
119.9A. )A )S pSapcaec ee xepxlpolroartaitioonn hhaass sseerroouuss ccoonnsseeqquueenncceess..
B)BI)n Idnidai ah ahsa sm manayn ys psapcaec ee exxplpolorarattiioonn pprrooggrraammss..
C)C )T hTehree reis i sq quiutiete aa lloott ttoo lelaearnrn a baboouutt t hteh em moooonn..
D)A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.
D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.
202.0A.) AIt) Iits i sc ocsotsltlyy ttoo bbrriinngg bbaacckk.. B) B ) I t I t i i s s r ri i s s k k y y t t o o d d e e s s t t r r o o y y. .
C)C I) tI ti iss ooff nnoo uussee oonn EEaarrtthh.. D)D )I tIt iiss ddaammaaggeedd b byy r raaddiiaattiioonn..
21
2
.
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.
)
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t
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.
BB) )M Monoitnoitro rt hthe ec chhaanngeg eo of f lluunnaarr wweeaatthheerr..
C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.
C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.
D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.
D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
222.2A.) AIt) Iits i sl liikkeellyy ttoo rermemaaiinn aa m meeaannss ooff b buussinineesss sc ocmommmuunniiccaattiioonn..
B)BI)t Iit si sl liikkeellyy ttoo bbee aa ccoommppeettiittoorr ooff vvaarrioiouuss m meessssaaggiinngg aappppss..
C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.
C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.
D)DIt) Iwt iwlli llh havaev et oto b bee ggoovverenrende db yb ys psepceicfiificc rruulleess..
232.3A.) A S)a Svea vteh eth em emsseasgsea gien itnh tehieri rf fiillee..
B)B )M Makaek ae at itimmeleyly rreessppoonnssee..
C)CE)x Eamxianme inthee t hien finofromramtiaotnio nca craerfeuflulllyy..
D) See is any action needs to be taken.
D) See is any action needs to be taken.
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C) It requires no reply. D) It causes no concern.
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Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n ( 4 ( 0 4 0 m m in in ut u e te s s ) )
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ha
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voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various
voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various
communication options at our fingertips today can be good for27and productivity—and at the same time very
communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity—and at the same time very
troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best—-__28__when the
troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best— 28 when the
message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We've_29_business communication
message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We've 29 business communication
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of delivering difficult messages.
of delivering difficult messages.
First of all, choose how personal you want to be.A face-to-face communication is the most_31__. Other choices,
First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 . Other choices,
in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten
in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten
letter,and the most_32_ is email.Some of these may change order according to the_33_ situation or your own
letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own
preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail.How do you decide on the best
preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best
choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? "My_34_concern is: How can I soften or civilize this
choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this
message?"says etiquette expert Dana Casperson."So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone
message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone
conversa”tion as my top alternative,and maybe a handwritten note next.Apologizing by email is something I now totally
conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally
35
35 .”
A)avoid D) reward
A) avoid I) reward
B)convenience J)silent
B) convenience J) silent
C)effectively
C) effectively
D)escape K)specific
D) escape K) specific
E)intimate L)surveyed
E) intimate L) surveyed
F)particularly M)unfriendly
F) particularly M) unfriendly
G primary
N) warning
G) primary N) warning
H prompt
O) witmessed
H) prompt O) witnessed
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top Chef
How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top Chef
A)The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in
A) The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in
the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814,people crowded outside the bakery,straining for a glimpse of
the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of
the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.
the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.
B)His name was Marie-Antoine Careme, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short
B)His name was Marie-Antoine Carême, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short
liliffeettiimmee，, wwhhiicchh eennddeedd eexxaaccttllyy 118844 yyeeaarrss aaggoo ttooddaayy，, h ehe w woouulldd ffoorreevveerr r erveovolultuitoinoinziez eF rFernecnhc hg oguorumrmeett f ofoodod （（美美食食）），, wwrriittee
best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.
best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.
C)Careme's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either
C)Carême's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either
1783 or 1784,a young Careme was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution.At 8 years old.he worked
1783 or 1784, a young Carême was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked
asa sa a kkiittcchheenn bbooyy ffoorr aa rreessttaauurraanntt i ni nP aPrairsi isn ienx cehxacnhagneg efo fr orro ormoo ma nadn db obaoradr.d .BByy aaggee 1155,， h eh eh ahda db ebceocmomee aann aapppprreennttiiccee （（学学徒徒））
to Sylvain Bailly,a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.
to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.
DD)C)aCraermêem wea sw qausi cqku iactk laet alrenairnngi nign inth eth ek ikticthcehne.n .B aBialillyly eennccouoruargaegde dh ihsi sy oyuonugn ga papprepnretinctiec et ot ol eleaarrnn ttoo rreeaadd aanndd wwrirtitee..
Careme would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the
Carême would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the
back room of the litle bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious
back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious
masterpieces out of flour, utter and sugar.
masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.EE)I)nIn h hisis tteeeennaaggee yyeeaarrss,, CCaarreêmme ef afasshhioionnede de aetaatablbele ccooppieiess ooff tthhee llaattee 1188tthh cceennttuurryy's' sm moosstt f afmamoouuss bbuuiillddiinnggss——ccooookkiieess iinn
the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master,
the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master,
displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.
displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.
FF))CCaarreêmmee''ss ccrreeaattiioonnss ssoooonn ccaappttuurreedd tthhee ddiissccrrimiminiantaintgi nge yeey eo fo f aa FFrreenncchh ddiipplloommaatt, , CChhaarrllees s MMaauurriiccee ddee
Talleyrand-Perigord.Around 1804,Talleyrand challenged Careme to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing
Talleyrand-Périgord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Carême to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing
the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire
the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire
year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable
year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable
connection for Careme.
connection for Carême.
G) French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th century
G) French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th century
cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society,he too called Careme to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace.In 1810,
cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society, he too called Carême to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810,
Careme designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He
Carême designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He
became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes."I want order
became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want order
and taste.A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,"he later wrote in one of his cook books.
and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.
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continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own
continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander Ⅰ of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own
accomplishments, a boastful Careme made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens.
accomplishments, a boastful Carême made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens.
Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to
Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to
recognize—and admire—him.
recognize—and admire—him.
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Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Careme's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet
Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Carême's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet
ce c l e e l b e r b a r t a i ti n n g g t t h h e e G G r r a a n n d d D D uk u e k e N i N ch ic o h l o as la s o f o f R R us u s s i s a i ' a s 's v v i i s s i it t t o t o G G e e o o r r g g e e Ⅳ IV's' sBBrriigghhttoonn PPaavviillliloino no no nJ aJna.n 1.188, ,1 8118177, ,tthhee m meennuu ffeeaattuurreedd
120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.
120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.
JJ))AAs sh hee t trraavveelleedd tthhrroouugghh tthhee hhoommese so of f eeaarrllyy 1199tthh cceennttuurryy nnoobbiilliittyy,, C Caarrêemmee ffoorrggeedd tthhee nneeww aarrtt ooff F Frreenncchh ggoouurrmmeett ffoooodd..
Locked in hot kitchens, Careme created his four"mother sauces." These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and
Locked in hot kitchens, Carême created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and
allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the souffle—a baked egg
allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufflé—a baked egg
dish, and introduced the standard chefs uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many
dish, and introduced the standard chef's uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many
chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Careme—and in his realm, appearance was
chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Carême—and in his realm, appearance was
everything.
everything.
K)Between meals,Careme wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His
K)Between meals, Carême wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His
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completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step
completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step
directions. Long before television cooking shows, Careme walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them
directions. Long before television cooking shows, Carême walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them
to "try this for yourself, at home"as famous American Chef Julia Child might do,many years later.
to “try this for yourself, at home” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.
L)LI）n Itnh et heen de,n dh,o hwoevweerv,eirt， wa sit twhaes ktihtec hkeitnc htehna tt hdaitd d Cida rCemaer êimne. iDne.c Dadeecsa doefs woofr kwionrgk ionvge ro vceora lc ofailr feisr eisn i nt itgighhtt,, cclloosseedd
spaces with little fresh air(to ensure his dishes would not get cold)had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan.12,1833. Careme
spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Carême
died just before he turned 50.
died just before he turned 50.
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the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th
the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th
century were the most famous in the world,""as he wrote in his papers.
century were the most famous in the world,” as he wrote in his papers.
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very beginning, there was just Careme, the top chef who elevated dining into art.
very beginning, there was just Carême, the top chef who elevated dining into art.
36. Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.
36. Carême was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.
37.Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.
37. Carême wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38.Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.
38. Carême benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.
39. Careme learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.
39. Carême learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.
40. Careme's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.
40. Carême's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.
41. Careme's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.
41. Carême's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.
42.Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.
42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Carême.
43.Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.
43. Carême became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.
44. Careme's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.
44. Carême's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.
45. Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.
45. Carême's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
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Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from
your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly
your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly
using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.
using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.
Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
"It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,"says Lizzie Post, president
“It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” says Lizzie Post, president
of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors."I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette
of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette
（（礼礼仪仪）） e meemrgeersg eisn itne tremrsm osf o wf hwethheetrh eyro uy otue ltle llp epoepolpel ey oyuo uh ahvaev ae ac acmaemrae roar onro nto，t,a nadn dw hwehtheethr egru geustess tsh ahvaev ea ar irgighth t ttoo aasskk tthhaatt
it be turned off, if it's not a security issue."
it be turned off, if it's not a security issue.”
Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferenc. She also wants to
Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferenc. She also wants to
explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now
explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now
becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.
becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within
their home."I'm always a fan of being open and honest." For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a
their home. “I'm always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a
camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are
camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are
uncomfortable.
uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then
However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then
again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor."If anything does go wrong
again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor. “If anything does go wrong
while they're in the house,they don't want to be blamed for it," she says."In fact, the camera could be the thing that
while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that
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46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?
46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?
A)The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.
A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.
B) They don't want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.
B) They don’t want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.
C)C )T hTeh ese sceucruitriyt yc acmaemrae rmaa my atyur tnu ronu to utto t ob eb eh ahramrfmulf utlo t ot htehieri r hheeaalltthh..
D)D )T hTehye yma my anyo tn obte b wei wlliillnign gt too iinntteerraacctt wwiitthh y yoouurr f afmamiilyl ym meemmbbeerrss..
47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?
47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?AA) )T hTeh ee feffefcetc t ooff mmanannenresr sa advdivciec eo on nt thhee ppuubblilicc..
B)B )C oCsots to of f aappppllyyiinngg nneeww t teecchhnnoollooggiieess aatt hhoommee..
C) The increasing use of home security devices.
C) The increasing use of home security devices.
D)Etiquette around home security cameras.
D) Etiquette around home security cameras.
48.What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?
48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?
A) A ) L e L g e a g l a l r r i i g g h h t t s s. . C)C )L iLkiekse sa nadn dd idsilsilikkeess ooff iinnddiivviidduuaallss..
B) B M ) o M ra o l ra l i i s s s su u e e s s DD) )T Theh ep posossisibbllee iimmppaacctt oonn mmaannnneerrss..
49.What is a host'sresponsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?
49. What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?
A) Making their guests feel at ease.
A) Making their guests feel at ease.
B)B )I nIndidcicaattiinngg wwhhereere t thheeyy aarree..
C) Turning them off in time.
C) Turning them off in time.
D) Ensuring their guests' privacy.
D) Ensuring their guests’ privacy.
50.In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?
50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?
A) It can satisfy their curiosity.
A) It can satisfy their curiosity.
B)B )I tI t ccaann pprroovvee tthheeiirr iinnnnoocceennccee..
C) It can help them learn new technology.
C) It can help them learn new technology.
DD) )I tIt ccaann mmakaek et htheierir vviissiitt mmoorree eennjjooyyaabbllee..
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar,
PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar,
saslatlt aanndd ffaatt，, a sa sc ocnosnusmumeerrss ddeemmaanndd hheeaalltthhiieerr ooppttiioonnss aanndd rreegguullaattoorryy pprreessssuurree initnetnesnisfiiefsi easm aimdi da na no boebseistyit ey peidpiedmeimci c（ （流流行行
滥”：
病）.
The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with
The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with
reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white
reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white
bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.
bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.
Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the
Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the
industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5overall in the US.
industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.
Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's growth.
Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's growth.
But on the subject of obesity,she pointed out that consumers'lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being
But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being
more sedentary（久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution
more sedentary （久坐不动的） not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution
was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.
was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.
"Society has to change its habits," she added."We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide
“Society has to change its habits,” she added. “We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide
consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we're
consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we're
breaking that trade-off."
breaking that trade-off.”
PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week
PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week
backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its
backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its
environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.
environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However,Dr Mehmood Khan, chief
PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief
scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was
scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was
"commtted to sustaining investment",adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's
“committed to sustaining investment”, adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's
research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.
research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.
51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?
51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?
A) To win support from the federal government.
A) To win support from the federal government.
B) To be more competitive in the global market.
B) To be more competitive in the global market.
CC) )T To os astaitsisffyy tthhee ggrroowwiinngg n neeeedsd sf foorr hheeaalltthhyy ffooooddss..
D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.
D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.
52.What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?
52. What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?
A) Invest more to develop new snacks.
A) Invest more to develop new snacks.
B)B )R eRdeudcue clee lveevlesl so fo fo obbeseistityy iinn tthhee UUSS..
C) Change consumers' eating habits.
C) Change consumers’ eating habits.
DD) )K Keeepe po no ni mipmrporvoivngin git ists pprroodduuccttss..
53.Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?
53. Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?
AA) )T To oe ensnusruere tthhee ccoommppaanny'ys’ s ffuuttuurree ddeevveellooppmmeenntt..
B)To adapt to its customers'changed taste.
B) To adapt to its customers’ changed taste.
C)C )T oT oh ehlepl pi mimprporvoev ei tists ccoonnssuummeresr'sl’i lfifeessttyylleess..
DD)T)o Tbor ebarke atkhe t hter atrdaed-oef-fo fif ni ni titss pprroodduucctt ddeessiiggnn..
54.What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?
54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?
AA)I)t I ti iss mmaaiinnllyy ccaauusseedd bbyy oovveerrccoonnssuummptpitoionn o off ssnnaacckkss..
B)BI)t Itr erseuslutltss ffrroomm hhiigghh ssuuggaarr aanndd ssaalltt c coonnssuummppttiioonn..
C)It is attributable to people's changed lifestyles.
C) It is attributable to people’s changed lifestyles.
D)It has a lot to do with longer working hours.
D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.
555.5W. hWath ahta hs aPs ePpespisCioCbeoe bne ednoi dnogi ntgo taoc ahcihevieev ei tists oobbjjeeccttiivvee??
A) Studying WHO's guidelines. B)Increasing its research funding.
A) Studying WHO’s guidelines. B) Increasing its research funding.
CC) )E Expxapnadnidnign gi tists mmaarrkkeett oovveerrsseeaass.. D) D ) C u C t u ti tt n i g n g i t it s s p p r r o o d d u u c c t t i i o o n n c c o o s s t t s s. .
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
越越来来越越多多的的中中国国人人现现在在的的确确离离不不开开手手机机了了。。他他们们中中的的许许多多人人，，包包括括老老年年人，人都，使都用使手用机手应机用应程用序程（序a
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系系并并拓拓宽宽朋朋友友圈圈。。他他们们也也用用手手机机购购物物、、查查找找信信息息，，因因为为手手机机便便于于携携带带。。此此外外，，使使用用手手机机应应用用程程序序通通信信比比传传统统电电话话便便
宜宜。。然然而而，，这这种种新新趋趋势势导导致致人人们们在在社社交交时时过过度度依依赖赖手手机机。。事事实实上上，，一一些些年年轻轻人人已已经经变变得得十十分分上上瘾瘾，，以以至至于于忽忽视视了了与与
家家人人和和朋朋友友面面对对面面的的交交流流。。2
2
0
0
1
1
8
8
年年12
1
月 2月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（(第第3
3
套套）)
Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the
challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but
challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should yvrite at least 120 words but
no more than 180 words.
no more than 180 words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说说明明∶：由由于于2
2
0
0
1
1
8
8
年年12
1
月 2月四四级级考考试试全全国国共共考考了了 2
2
套套听听力力，，本本套套真真题题听听力力与与前前2
2
套套内内容容完完全全一一
样样，，只只是是顺顺序序不不一一样样，，因因此此在在本本套套真真题题中中不不再再重重复复出出现现。。
Part II
Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading Comprehension ((4400 mmiinnuutteess))
Section A
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
one word far each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank fallowing the passage.
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank
is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter far each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank
more than Once.
more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent
A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent
bad cough. No matter how many different 26__I tried,I still couldn't get rid of the
bad cough. No matter how many di企 rent 26 I tried, I still couldn't get rid of the
cough.Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole.Then one day after
cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after
class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her
class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her
description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I
description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I
was 29 because I knew so ltle about it and have never tried it before.Eventually,my
was 29 because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my
cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try.
cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try.
The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were
The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were
new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor
new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor
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he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes
later,the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began
later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began
to 34_deeper into relaxation. I didn't feel any improvement in my condition in the first
to 34 deeper into relaxation. I didn5t feel any improvement in my condition in the first
couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor,my cough started
couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started
to 35_. Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!
to 35 . Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepen I) remedies
A) deepen I) remedies
B)experiences J) scared
B) experiences J) scared
C)hesitant K)sensitive
C) hesitant K) sensitive
D) inconvenience L) sink
D) inconvenience L) sink
)lessen M) temporary
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F) licenses N) tremble
G) pressred O) worse
G) pressured 0) worse
H) recommended
H) recommended
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identifythe
it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions by marking the
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
ls it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?
Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?
A) When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up
A) When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up
within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few
within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few
seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.
seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.
Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done
Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done
some work on this particular piece of wisdom.
some work on this particular piece of wisdom.
B) While the 'five-second rule' might not seem like the most pressing issue for food
B) While the "five-second rule5 might not seem like the most pressing issue fbr food
scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one
scientists to get to the bottom of, it5s still worth investigating food myths like this one
because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.
because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.
C）
C)
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eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It
eatable food from a case of food poisoning? Ifs a bit more complicated than that. It
depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds
depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds
and just how dirty the floor is.
and just how dirty the floor is.
DD)W)o ndWeroinngd eirfin gfo iofd foiso ds tisi lslt ilOlK O tKo teoa te aatf ateftre ri tit''ss ddrrooppppeedd oonn tthhee fflloooorr isi sa ap rpertetyt tcyo mcommmoonn
experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate,
experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate,
story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her
story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her
cooking show,The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick
cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick
it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never
it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never
knoW.
know.
EE) )I n Ifna cfta citt itw aws aas apo ptoattaot op apnacankcea,k ea,n da nidt ift eflell l oonn t thhee ssttoovveettoopp, , nnoott oonn tthhee fflloooorr.. CChhiilldd ppuuttit back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the
it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up and if you5re alone in the
kitchen, who's going to see it?"But the misremembered story persists. It's harder
kitchen, who's going to see it? ” But the misremembered story persists. It's harder
to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported
to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported
that 70of women and 56of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule
that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule
and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.
and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.
F)F ) So Swoh awt hdaot edso essc isecniceen ctee ltell l uuss aabboouutt wwhhata t aa ffeeww mmomoemntesn tso no nt hteh ef lfloooorr mmeeaanns s ffobrr tthhee
safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to
safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to
Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the
Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the
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and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were
and then placed cookies on the tiles fbr varying times. They reported bacteria were
transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the
transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn5t report the
specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
G) But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007,my lab at Clemson
G) But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson
University published a study in the .Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted
University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted
to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected
to know if the length of time flood is in contact with a contaminated surface affected
the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria
the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria
to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or
to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or
bread on the surface for 5,30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of
bread on the surface fbr 5,30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of
bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had
bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had
been on the surface for 2,4,8 and 24 hours.
been on the surface fbr 2,4,8 and 24 hours.
H)H )W e Wfoeu nfdo utnhda tt htahte t hneu mnbuemr boef r boafc tbearcitae rtiar atnrasnfesfrerrerde dt oto e eiitthheerr kkiinndd ooff ffoooodd ddiiddnn'5tt ddeeppeenndd
much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether
much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface- whether
for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface
fbr a few seconds or fbr a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface
mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like
mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like
what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how
whafs at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how
contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.
contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.
I) We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance,
I) We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, fbr instance,
seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet
seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet
was contaminated, less than 1of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food
was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food
was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70of bacteria were.
was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.
J Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters
J) Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters
（(参参数数）)to
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asked either would eat or had eaten food fellen on the floor.
KK) )S hoSuhlodu yldo uy oeuat e faot ofdo ofda lflaelnle no no nth teh ef lfolooro rt thheenn?? FFroromm a af ofoodo ds asfaefteyty s tstaannddppooinintt,, iiff yyoouu
have millions or more bacteria on a surface,0.1is still enough to make you sick.
have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick.
Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful,and it takes only a small number
Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small numberto make you sick. For example,10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of
to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of
bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune
bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune
systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.
systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.
L) And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.
L） And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.
Bacteria are carried by various'media', which can include raw food, moist
Bacteria are carried by various 'media' , which can include raw food, moist
surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or
surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or
ssnneeezeizningg（ （打打喷喷嚏嚏））.H
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living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of
living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of
deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most
deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most
surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very
surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very
difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to
difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to
sasanintiitizzeerrss（ （清清洁洁剂剂）a）nd
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can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism
can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism
that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly
that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be foirly
sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.
sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.
N) Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils
N） Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils
and other surfaces clean.
and other surfaces clean.
36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five
36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five
Seconds.
seconds.
37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.
37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.
38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the
38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the
floor.
floor.
39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.
39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.
40. The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.
40. The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.
41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.
41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.
42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.
42. Chances are you will not fell sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.
43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food
43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food
picked up from the floor.
picked up from the floor.
44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.
44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.
45. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with
45. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with
how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.
how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.Section C
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is fallowed by some
quqeusetsitoionsn so orr uunnfifinniisshheedd ssttaatteemmeennttss.. FFoorr eeaacchh ooff tthheemm tthheerree aarree f ofuourr cchhooiicceess m maarrkkeedd AA）), BB)）,,
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Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on
The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on
both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of
hhididiinngg pprreeyy（ （猎猎物物））usuisningg b boothth tthheeiirr eeaarrss a nandd a nan i nibnobronr n（（天天生生的的））uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg ooff hhooww tthhee
physical world works.
physical world works.
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a
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When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn't.
When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn't.
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a
container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling
container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling
container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as
container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as
expected.
expected.
"Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance
“Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance
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conclude that cats'hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense
conclude that cats5 hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense
abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies.Like cats,
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats,
babies appear to engage in what's called"preferential looking"—looking longer at things
babies appear to engage in whafs called '"preferential looking"—looking longer at things
that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
When babies'expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with
When babies5 expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with
the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies
the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies
apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as
apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as
early as two months of age.
early as two months of age.
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?
Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most
Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most
important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown
important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown
that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.
that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46.What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
AA)T)h eyT hceayn cbaen tbrea itrnaeidn etdo tuon udenrdsetrasntad ntdh teh ep hpyhsyisciacla lw owrolrdl.d.
B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.
B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.
C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.
C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.
D)DT)h eyT hareey caarep acbalpea obfle toefl lteilnlgin wgh wichhi cwha yw tahye ithre pirr epyr efyl efleese.s.
47. What may account for the cats'response to the noise from the containers?
47. What may account fbr the cats5 response to the noise from the containers?
AA) )T heTihr eiirn bionrbno rsne nsseintsiivtiitvyi tyt ot on oniosies.e.
BB)T)h eiTrh euinru usunauls usaeln sseen osef odfi rdeicretcitoino.n.
C) Their special ability to perceive.
C) Their special ability to perceive.
D)D )T heTihr emira smtearsyte royf ocfa ucsaeu saen da nedf feeffcetc.t.
48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt,according to the Japanese researchers?
48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?
A) They depend on their instincts.
A) They depend on their instincts.
B)BT)hTehy erye rleyl ym aminalinyl yo no nt htehierir hheeaarriinngg..
C)C )T heTyh ewyai wt asiot mseo mtiem tei mbeef boerfeo raet taatctakc.k.
DD) )T heTyh eusye u bsoet bho tthhe tihre iera erasr sa nadn de yeeyse.s.
49.In what way do babies behave like cats?
49. In what way do babies behave like cats?
AA) )T heTyh efyo cfuosc uosn o nwh wath aatp appepaerasr so dodd.d.
BB)T) heTy hveiye vwi etwhe t hweo rwlodr lads a sn onromramla.l.
C)C )T heTyh edoy dwoha wt htahte tyh epyre pfreerf etro t od od.o.
D) They are curious about everything.
D) They are curious about everything.
50.What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
AA)T)h eyT hheayv eh ahvieg hheirg hienrt einltleilgliegnecnec eth tahna nm amnya noyt hoethr ear nainmiamlsa.ls.
B)They interact with the physical world much like humans.
B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.
C)They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.
C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.
D)They can aid physics professors in their research work.
D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
I I m m ag a i g n i e n e y o y u o e u n e te n r te r a a c a c r a r w w it i h th n n o o s s t t e e e e r r i i n n g g w w h h ee e l e ， l, n n o o b b r r a a k k e e o o r r a a c c c c e e l l e e r r a a t t o o r r p epdedaallss （(踏踏板板）)..
Under a voice-activated command, you say an address."The fastest route will take us 15.3
Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. uThe fastest route will take us 15.3
minutes. Should I take it ?"You say" yes"and you are on your way. The car responds and
minutes. Should I take it ? " You say " yes " and you are on your way. The car responds and
starts moving all by itself.All you have to do is sit back and relax.
starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.
How weird would it be if, one day in the future,everyone had such a car? No crazy
How weird would it be one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy
driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer.
driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer.
On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets
On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets
without all those speeding and parking tickets.
without all those speeding and parking tickets.
A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There's
A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways. There5s
no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for
no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for
safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94of road accidents in the U.S.
safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S.
involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain
involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain
a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would
a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would
drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would
drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would
be quieter, people safer.
be quieter, people safer.
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now
depend on driving for their livelihoods.According to the U.S.Department of Labor, in May
depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May
2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association
2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association
lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and
federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be
federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be
displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and
displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what5s happening in the coal and
oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.
oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.
However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies
However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies
involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better
involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better
future for all.
future fbr all.
51.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.
A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.
BB)I)t Iwt owulodu lsda vsaev leo lcoacla lg govoevrenrmnemntesn tsa al olot t ooff mmoonneeyy..
C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.
C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.
D)DT)r afTfriacf frice gruelgautliaotnios nwso wulodu blde bae tah ithngin ogf o tfh teh ep apsats.t.
52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
A) They could enjoy greater mobility.
A) They could enjoy greater mobility.
BB) )T hTeyh ewyo uwlodu sldu fsfuefrf enro n or oraoda da caccicdiednetnst.s.
C)C )T hTeyh ewyo wulodu lhda vhea vneo ntor otruobulbe led rdirviviningg..DD) )T Thehye yc coouuldld ggoo aannyywwhhereere tthheeyy wwaanntt..
53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
A)The conflict between labor and management would intensify.
A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.
B)BT)h e Tghaep gbaept wbeeetnw eveanr ivoaursi osuesc steocrtso rosf o sfo scoiceiteyty wwouoludl db be ew widideneende.d.
C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.
C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.
D)DN)u meNrouums eproroufse psrsoifoensasli odnrailv derrisv ewrosu lwdo uhaldv eh atvoe ftion dfi nnde wn ewway ws aoyfs eoafr enairnngi nag lai vliivnign.g.
54.What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
AA) )P olPiotilictaicl adl idsissastaitsifsafactcitioonn..
BB) )R eRtreatiraniinnign go fo fe emmplpolyoeyeese.s.
C) Fossil fuel conservation.
C) Fossil fuel conservation.
D)D )B usBiunessinse srse srtersutrcutcutruirning.g.
55.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
A) Keep pace with technological developments.
A) Keep pace with technological developments.
B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
C)C )E naEbnlaeb elev eervyeornyeo nteo tboe nbeefnietf itf rfroomm n enwe wte tcehcnhonloolgoigeise.s.
DD) )P opPuolparuilazeri zteh eth ues ues eo fo fn enwe wte tcehcnhonloogloiegsie sa nadn dde dveivceicse.s.
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
过过去去几几年年里里，，移移动动支支付付市市场场在在中中国国蓬蓬勃勃发发展展。。随随着着移移动动互互联联网网的的出出现现，，手手机机购购物物逐逐
渐渐成成为为一一种种趋趋势势。。1188 到到 3300 岁岁的的年年轻轻人人构构成成了了移移动动支支付付市市场场的的最最大大群群体体。。由由于于现现在在用用手手机机
付付款款很很容容易易，，许许多多消消费费者者在在购购物物时时宁宁愿愿用用手手机机付付款款，，而而不不愿愿用用现现金金或或信信用用卡卡。。为为了了鼓鼓励励
人人们们多多消消费费，，许许多多商商店店给给使使用用移移动动支支付付的的顾顾客客打打折折。。专专家家预预测测，，中中国国移移动动支支付付市市场场未未来来
仍仍有有很很大大发发展展潜潜力力。。
