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China's Achievements in Urbanization *,
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past four decades have. seen a sharp increase of 41. 21 % in the. share 41. 21 %
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[5] Third, in the process of urbanization, the uneven distribution of
educational resources has also been alleviated to some extent.
[ 6] Even so, it is also worth mentioning that as more people [ 6] rl! ffl "Even so, it is also worth
enjoyed the prosperity of modern cities, we cannot ignore the mentioning that ... '',���X,Jtl:
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2021 6 J=J 9Part JI Listening Comprehension
Section A
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
M: Cl) It's my last day at work tomorrow. I start my new job in two weeks. My human resources manager
wants to conduct an interview with me before I leave.
W: Ah, an exit interview. Are you looking forward to it?
M: I'm not sure how I feel about it. I resigned because I've been unhappy at that company for a long time, but
I'm not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.
W: To my way of thinking, there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing an agitated stream
of truth during an exit interview. The first is release. Unburdening yourself of frustration and perhaps even
anger to someone who isn't a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully freeing.
M: And let me guess. The second is that the criticism will, theoretically, help the organization I'm leaving to
improve, making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?
W: That's right. But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn't happen.
exit interview is to be but oft en isn't. In my company, the information gained
from these interviews is often not confidential, and the information is used as dirt against another manager,
or can be traded among senior managers.
M: (3) Now what I'll disclose in the interview. There is chance that it
could affect my reputation and my ability to network in the industry. It is a pretty small industry after all.
W: Anything you initially gained from the instant satisfaction of telling it like it is, you might lose down the
track by injuring your future career prospects.
M: it'll be better
websites.
W: You could. And don't do the interview at all. Exit interviews are not mandatory.
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1. What do we learn about the man from the
conversation? 3. Why does the man want to rethink what he will
A) UUJrl ±:rIJIJ, say in the coming exit interview?
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information gained from an exit interview? 4. What does the man think he had better do?
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Questions S to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
M: Today, I'm talking to the renowned botanist, Jane Forster.
W: Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show, Henry.
M: (5) Recently, Jane, you've become quite a celebrity since the release of your latest documentary. Can you
tell us a little about
W: Well, it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rain forest in equatorial areas of
south east Asia.
M: You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.
W: It was far from glamorous, to be honest. (6-l)The area we visited was accessible only by canoe. And the
living conditions in the hut were primitive, to say the least. There was no electricity, and our water supply
was a stream.
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2021 &J:: 6 J=l 10M: How were the weather conditions while you were there?
W: (6-2)The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable. At
midday, we stayed in the hut and did nothing. It was too humid to either work or sleep.
M: How long did your team spend in the jungle?
W: Originally, we planned to be there for a month. But in the end, we stayed for only two weeks.
M: Why did you cut the expedition short.
W: (7)Halfway through the trip, we received news that a hurricane was approaching. And we had to evacuate
at very short notice.
M: That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.
W: It was frightening. The fastest evacuation route was through river rapids. We had to navigate them carrying
all of our equipment.
M: So
overall, was the journey unsuccessful?
W: not. a massive amount of data about the life.
M: Why do you put up' with such adverse conditions?
W: Botany is an obsession for me. Many of the destinations I visit have stunning scenery, and I get to meet a
variety of people from all over the world.
M: So where will your next destination be?
W: I haven't decided yet.
M: Then we can leave it for another vacation. Thanks.
5. What does the man want Jane Forster to talk �'11�ltffi1I�A xtlH}J]g�o ��#a'1 D) o
about? 7. Why did the woman and. those who went with her
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Section B
Questions 9 and 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Scientists often use specialized jargon terms while communicating with laymen. Most of them don't realize
the harmful effects of this practice. (9)In a new study, people exposed to jargon when reading about subjects
like autonomous and later were less interested in than others who read
about the same topics, but:without the use of specialized terms. They also felt less informed about science and
less qualified to discuss science topics. It's noteworthy that it made no difference if the jargon terms were
defined in the text. Even when the terms were defined,. readers still felt the same lack of engagement as readers
who read jargon that wasn't explained. The problem is that the mere presence of jargon sends a discouraging
message to readers. Hillary Shulman, the author of the study, asserts that specialized words are a signal. Jargon
tells people that the message isn't for them. There is an even darker side to how people react to jargon. (10) In
another study, researchers found that reading scientific articles containing jargon led people to doubt the actual
science. They found the opposite when a text is easier to read, then people are more persuaded. Thus, it's
important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science subjects. This is especially true with
issues related to public health, like the safety of new medications and the benefits of vaccines. C 11) Shulman
concedes that the use of jargon is appropriate with scientific audiences. But scientists who want to communicate
with the general public need to modify their language. They need to eliminate jargon.
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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
At the beginning of the 20th century, on the Gulf Coast in the US State of Texas, there was a hill where gas
leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire. (12)Pattillo Higgins, a disreputable
local businessman, became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill. (13) Oil wells weren't drilled back
then; they were essentially dug. The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins' workers to make a
proper hole. Higgins had forecast oil at a thousand feet, a totally made-up figure.
Higgins subsequently hired a mining engineer, Captain Anthony Lucas. ( 14) After encountering several
Lucas decided to use a drill and his.innovations created the modern oil
In January 1901, at 1,020 feet, almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins' wild guess, the well roared
and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of the ground, terrifying those present. For the next nine
days, until the well was capped, the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.
(15)In those days, Texas was almost entirely rural with no large cities and practically no industry; cotton and
beef were the foundation of the economy. Higgins' well changed that. The boom made some prospectors
millionaires, but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Texas. In the 1930s, prices
crashed, to the point that, in some parts of the country, oil was cheaper than water. That would become a familiar
pattern of the boom-or-bust Texas economy.
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Section C
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Most people dislike their jobs. It's an astonishing (but statistical) fact. (16) A primary cause of employee
their managers as malicious or manipulative, though, while those types certainly exist, they are minority. The
majority of managers seemingly just don't know any better. They're often emulating bad managers they've had
in the past. It's likely they've never read a management book or attended a management course. They might
*& 2021 6 JI 12not have even reflected on what good management looks like and how it would influence their own management
style. The researchers interviewed employees about their managers, beginning with a question about the worst
manager they had ever had. From this, the researchers came up with four main causes of why some managers
are perceived as being simply awful at their jobs.
07-l)The first cause was company culture, which was seen by employees as enabling poor management
practices. It was specifically stressful work environments, minimal training and a lack of accountability that
were found to be the most blameworthy. Often a manager's superiors can effectively encourage a manager's
distasteful behavior when they fail to discipline the person's wrongdoings. ( 17-2) Such workplaces are
sometimes described as toxic.
The second cause was attributed to the managers' characteristics. Those deemed to be most destructive
were odd people, those without drive, those who allow personal problems into the workplace and those with an
unpleasant temperament or personality in general.
The third cause of poor management was associated with a deficiency of qualifications. Not so much the
formal variety one obtains from a university but the informal variety that comes from credible work experience
and professional accomplishments.
The fourth cause concerned managers who've been promoted for reasons other than potential. One reason
in particular why these people had been promoted was that they had been around the longest. It wasn't their
skillset or other merits that got them the job. It was their tenure.
(18)A point worth making is that the study was based only on the perspective of employees. The
researchers didn't ask senior of their frontline It's quite possible they're
content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing, merrily ignorant of the damage they're
actually causing, which might explain why, as the researchers conclude, those same middle managers are
usually unaware that they are a bad manager.
16. What is a primary cause of employee
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Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
With the use of driverless vehicles seemingly inevitable, mining companies in the vast Australian desert
state of Western Australia are definitely taking the lead. Iron ore is a key ingredient in steel making. The
mining companies here produce almost 300 million tons of iron ore a year. The 240 giant autonomous trucks in
use, in the Western Australian mines, can weigh 400 tones fully loaded, and travel at speeds of up to 60
kilometers per hour. They are a technological leap, transporting iron ore along routes which run for hundreds
of kilometers from mines to their destinations. Here, when the truck arrives at its destination, staff in the
operation center direct it precisely where to unload. Vast quantities of iron ore are then transported by
autonomous trains to ocean ports. (19)Advocates argue these automated vehicles will change mining forever. It
may only be five years before the use of automation technology leads to a fully robotic mine. A range of factors
has Western Australia's desert to the lead of this automation revolution. These include the huge
size of the mines, the scale of equipment, and the repetitive nature of some of the work. Then there's the
area's remoteness-at 502, OOO square kilometers-it can sometimes make recruiting staff a challenge. Another
consideration is the risks when humans interact with large machinery. There are also the financial imperatives.
The ongoing push by the mining corporations to be more productive and more efficient is another powerful
driver in embracing automation technology.
7\� 2021 � 6 J3 13The concept of a fully autonomous mine is a bit of a misleading term however. This is because the more
technology is put into the field, the more people are needed to deploy, maintain and improve it. (20) The
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and engineers in automation and artificial intelligence. The mining companies claim automation and robotics
present opportunities to make mining more sustainable and safer. Employees will be offered a career that is
even more fulfilling and more rewarding. ( 21) Workers' unions have the of the
introduction of new technology, but they still have reservations about the rise of automation technology. Their
main concern is the potential impact on remote communities. As automation spreads further, the question is
how these remote communities will survive when the old jobs are eliminated. And this may well prove to be the
most significant impact of robotic technology in many places around the world.
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Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
A.c,corurnll! to official annual rate is almost double the
Thai people know that their roads are dangerous, but they don't know this could easily be changed. Globally,
road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease. Researchers at the Institute for Health
Metrics and Evaluation in America, put the death toll in 2017 at 1. 24 million. (23)According to the institute,
the overall number of deaths has been more or less since the turn of the But that a lot of
-��-�----c_o_un_ t_ri_ e_s_. In many poor countries, road accidents are killing more people than ever
before. Those countries have swelling young populations of fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes and a
limited supply of surgeons. It is impossible to know for sure, because official statistics are so inadequate. But
deaths.a.re thought to-have· risen bt 40% s1nce 1990·in many low·income countries. In many rich-countries, by
contrast, roads are becoming even safer. In Estonia and Ireland, for example, the number of death has fallen
by about two thirds since the late 1990s. (24)But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in
middle income countries, which contain most of the world's people and have some of the most dangerous roads.
According to researchers, in China and South Africa traffic deaths have been falling since 2000, and in India
since 2012, and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago. The question is whether Thailand can soon
follow suit. Rob McKinney, head of the International Road Assessment Program, says that all countries tend to
go through three phases. They begin with poor, slow roads. In the second phase, as they grow wealthier, they
pave the roads, allowing traffic to move faster and pushing up the death rate. Lastly, in the third phase,
countries act to make their roads safer. The trick, then, is to reach the third stage sooner by focusing earlier
and more closely on fatal accidents. How to do that?
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22. What does the speaker say about traffic accidents
in Thailand? 23. What do we learn from an American institute' s
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Section A
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36. [lE'. ffl:] Ea * a<J central � understanding of ffitf:1��, .IfJ ey !e!k-* T ftfi'; fii!iA.�i&if-ffl.�AJ'
communication JE{if39J:::ieilt F)m:liFA-1iJ. ���llil�ffl*�X�a<J$o �FA-1u�tl�,�
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-=f�Xif� 1iJ a<J � Jl$!i �. * a<J central to Xif disapproved of the use of wireless communication for
lliL ffi{ X * a<J the central figure in, � T * a<J our commercial broadcasting �Xif ffi{:::i( * he didn't see
present-day understanding of communication Xif lliL that radio could or should be used to frivolous ends
ffi{)( i:p a<J a modern understanding of communication, � he deplored that broadcasting had become a one,
it,(��� F) way means of communication � 1ffi 6lt m )�l a<J ffl; ffi
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T i:p a<J as an adult Xif lliL ffi{ X * � by the time he T *a<J Marconi' s example demonstrates Xif lliL ffi{ X
reached adulthood, � * a<J Marconi had an *a<J Marconi proved; g * a<J theoretical
intuition that he had to be loyal to politicians in concepts and experiments complement each other
order to be influential �Xif ffi{:::i(i:f:t"he understood, in making progress in science and technology �Xif
intuitively, that in order to have an impact he had )Ji{ )( * theory and experimentation wer�
to ... and align himself with political power"a<JfttjJl complementary features of progress a<J � Jl${i�,
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real interest M l!i( )( r:p8 9 Marconi was really !It VJ it� , 11! &p M- a 8 9 .Yi PI le A 111 89
nr xt
interested; � T r:p 89 the development of 1J ffif ;fflS fb n[/ij e -:k o � :P r:p8 9 in his later years
worldwide wireless communication �:X.f lli(j(r:p the NZlli( )( rp8 9 two months before he died,M Tr:p 8 9
extension of mobile, personal, long-distance Marconi exerted a tremendous influence on all
communication to the ends of the earth C and aspects of people's life M )( rp anything
beyond, if we can believe some reports)8 9 93� ffi Marconi said or did was newsworthy }fl.. ;!.=1; Jg p};j1-
g, $:��j.J CL � ¥isr:p ?k 'W1J8 9 93� 11:tis, i!iJc��-j,J G)
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ffi simple to use JiHftJIJ E) ,f]J'!l-1U development of wireless communication JE:mJ!Jj(
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?jj[fr:fo �Tr:f=189 Marconi spent his whole life :Xif •m•=1U•mT-@�{91J,Wffi.=:1U•mm
NZ m{X r:p Marconi's career was devoted to ,.l !lFfr:p x•Bma9Zt.RidaTMUa,f�$:t£89•¥o M
89 simple to use r:p cheaply, efficiently, :Pr:p 89 what connected the 19th century and our
smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear present time �xif lli( )( rp has its origins in the 19th
to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user century ffi what made the link from then to now Wg
user-friendly 899-=l�ffig, !Jc��j.J E) 6it{J§,�,89ffig,t1:�i:t,$: ��j.J B) o
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42. [�ifl:] 133 r:p8 9 power ffi unable JE1ftJIJ:t:• 45. [ :iE ffr] 133 M r:p 89 autonomy, suffered ffi
K) f!it:ffi Im1U acceptance JE 1ft JIJ )( $t H) f!it:ffi _, .=: ffi Jg
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J�, ?k B1l 3t-o � rp 89 his long-time connection fip•Jtl: ,.Yi PI lenJVJ %� El ,�3¥:JJJr!H±�M-
with people in power �:xt lli( )( rp 89 a lifetime of m� o M�-fip•Jt*�,-�fi�-1--
moving within the circles of power 89�:l:t,� Tr:p 7r AO ftf§'-1UJil tl :fl!JIJ ' mi at ' {& tf1. � 1'HHJ1!A m
89 unable to cut himself off from the fascist regime -:k89mFtL 133 !ltnJ VJ it�,• •JIJ•
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in Italy :xt lli(- ¥ unable to break with -���- �w-� �o · r:p89
authority, and served Mussolini faithfully 89 mi Ji.. autonomy xif NZlli(Xr:p 89 fiercely autonomous and
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As the southernmost province in 1. flffi -,tu au ,1:iJ l-l.t *1fM -t-%1i:U and :rt :Jl 89 iH'tl ,tu ,� UJ �
China, Hainan is the second largest island •*'wxt.!�¥-F ,*1JAl=f--t-%1i:Uw� .:tm, �J3 �-t-%1Uw1il as
next only to Taiwan. With its splendid 51 Jtt.891dmmii ;if 1:if ��Al=f--t-5t1Uw�"tlfi:m"89 �fir.ii,
scenery, pleasant climate, abundant flP''Hainan, China's second largest island after Taiwan, is the
sunshine, diverse species, dense hot southernmost province in China."
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springs and clear seawater, most of the 2. nw�=1Uat,m �tJtJffl l=fX89ttft1ttfr�� a<1:M%, 1z;J rm"
beaches on Hainan Island are ideal places ftOOltJi-7f, w �M * m � , � at1Ht:l!tm-=r-z1m 89�-�� tlfi:Wif .%
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for swimming and sunbathing almost all 89 Jxt.iL � 11*, �s !z;l ��A��rltf ¥! 5¥1l 13 Y6 m wB tJ.Hm EJf 89
the year round. As a result, it's honored as , !z;JJlt,1:if ��"tlfi:m ,% ······B!!:lmE'r"iffiil��--t-'rU
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China's four-season garden and holiday iffi wat 1:iJ l-l.t �tlfJ: m ,% Ji� 89 � � t� f5 ml with 5 I Jtt.8 9 #* lij,fV l*
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paradise, attracting a large number of ,}[4f":k�%tlfi:?Xt··· ..· B!!Sm"w� .:t'rU
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tourists at home and abroad every year. as a result iJU:Js *1f M 1--"51 -=f :f5 ��:rt :Jl mDtE "C 7i Rb )
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Since the founding of Hainan �1f�l=f mI89im�:m�ffiJtfttt�"�.�-mat , "���
Province in 1988, Hainan has been 11&51 T:kffl:i:pjt�rltfg"�.:t"5Jiff*89�*, !z;JJiti:if ��•*'wx
booming in tourism, service arid high-tech t.!�¥-F#fAmlw:faJ�*)l:Jtii,� 1:iJ ���M-t-5t"5Jw� and
industries, making it the only provincial 891PJTo
special economic zone in· China. Under 3. aw�E:::1Ua1, m7*1Uwat1aJ)l:Jtii"· .. ··· �*"1:if � ,*m.:tli:iJm:
the strong support of the central ��ffl�t£%�M�,JA1i:Uffl since 5IJtt.o ml 89tm�
aw��*)l:Jt
government and people throughout the timt�g"A7*moooo� �**1¥.J�*, !z;l .11:tm �
country, Hainan will become China's ii!-� ift5!!!�"5J
largest pilot free trade zone. 4. immat ,m:ttttM�ffl���*at
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resource-rich � 11 $ I' 89 marine products rib
tropical �iff89 freshwater aquaculture �71<.�m
natural harbors *f&tlfi:fPJ saltworks 1ilt:!:m
offshore waters ili:tlfi:Jk� cultural attractions X1 t:f: �
abound in !iffi!�
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2021 6 Jj 23
