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机密*启用前
大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试
COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST
—Band Six—
(2016年6月第3套)
试 题 册
敬 告 考 生
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4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
1全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会
2Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e—learning. Try to imagine what
will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school.You are required to write at least
150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
特别说明：由于六级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套听力试题同第1套或第2套试题一致，因此在本套真题中
不再重复出现。
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank
from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before
making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank
more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear-man-made creations as smart and
capable as we are but without a moral compass.As robots take on ever more complex roles.The question naturally
26 Who will be responsible when they do something wrong?Manufacturers?Users?Software writers?The answer
depends on the robot.
Robots already save us time, money and energy.In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare
and standard of living.The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in-
home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk-and distracted-driving accidents and
countless home and service—industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.
But there are 30 to be problems.Robot cars will crash.A drone(遥控飞行器)operator will 31 someone's
privacy.A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat.Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish
entrepreneurs with company—crushing 33 and damages.What should governments do to protect people while 34
space for innovation?
Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and
sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents.Governments should
set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving
record.not the passenger's.
A.arises D.combination
B.ascends E.definite
C.bound F.eventually
3G.interfere L.programmed
H.invade M.proximately
I.manifesting N.victims
J.penalties O.widespread
K.preserving
Section B
Directions：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement
contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Reform and Medical Costs
[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance
premiums.They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.The answer is that no one has an easy fix for
rising medical costs.The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a
wasteful.abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental(渐进的) gains.
[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee
would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term.As a
report in The Nel4,England Journal of Medicine concluded."Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the
health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."
[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy,is propelled by two
things：the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered
by doctors and hospitals,which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.
[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and
why it is hard to know how well they will work.
[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other
providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of
new technologies and new ways to organize work.This proposal could save Medicare more than$100 billion over
the next decade.If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused t01et
providers shift additional costs to them.the savings could be much larger.Critics say Congress will give in to
lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook(放过). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts
strong"pay—go"rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.
4[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than$8,
000 for an individual or$21.000 for a family.It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath
the threshold.Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would
encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it.Economists project that
most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages.The House bill has no similar
tax.The final legislation should.
[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple form.s from different insurers, or patients who have tried to
understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money.When the health
insurance industry was still cooperating in reforin efforts.its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for
automated processing.It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade.The
bills would lock that pledge into law.
[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper—driven medical system to electronic
records that can be easily viewed and transmitted.This requires open investments to help doctors convert.In time it
should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests.preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the
best treatments.
[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee.for—service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care
rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high.Most agree that the
solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a
year.No one knows how to make that happen quickly.The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within
Medicare.They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an
eye on both cost and quality,and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill.who are responsible
for the bulk of all health care costs.are treated properly.For the most part.these experiments rely on incentive
payments to get doctors to try them.
[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are
dropped.The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend
changes in Medicare's Payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work.The changes would have to
be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow—interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to
their will.
[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and
individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option.All the plans would have to
provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare, To get access to millions of new
customers.insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange.And the head—to—head competition
might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices.perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or
demanding better deals from providers.
5[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the
insurance industry and Republican critics.it might not save much money The one in the House bill would have to
negotiate rates with providers.rather than using Medicare rates.as many reformers wanted.
[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments
work.Is surgery,radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer?Is the latest and most expensive
cholester01.10wering drug any better than its common competitors?The pending bills would spend additional
money to accelerate this effort.
[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would be true only if you
believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.)As a result, the bills do
not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.
[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to Pay preferentially for treatments proven to be
superior.Sometimes the best treatment might be spending would come down through elimination of treatments,the
most expensive.But overall, we suspect that a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and
[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in
Medicare and Medicaid.Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private
insurers already get.We believe negotiation could work.It does in other countries.
[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs, Malpractice awards do drive up
insurance premiums for doctors in high.risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage
in"defensive medicine"by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they
get sued.
36.With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from
health expenses into wages.
37.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence
lawmakers.
38.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.
39.Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.
40.Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.
641.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug
interactions.
42.The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.
43.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care
rather than its effect.
44.Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.
45.Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.
Section C
Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .You should decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw
sewage(下水道污水)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report—and it
may not be a bad thing.
While the practice carries serious health risks for many,those dangers are outweighed by the social and
economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.
"There is a large potential for waste water agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban
consumers."said Liqa Raschid.Sally,who led the study.
The report focused on poor urban areas。where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive
food.Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes.Unlike developed
cities.however,these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers(下水道).
When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do
consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed.Nearly 2.2 million people die each year because of diarrhea—
related(与腹泻相关的)diseases, according to WHO statistics.More than 80％of those cases can be attributed to
contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation.But Pay Drechsel, an environmental
scientist.argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the
health risks.
Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and
nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.
Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70％of global flesh water consumption.
7In poor, dry regions, untreated waste water is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business.In
some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.
Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world.But frequently untreated
human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.
In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of
transmitting water-borne diseases.With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50％per metric ton over the last year in
some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary,alternative.
In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided.The mud contains the
same critical nutrients.
"Overly strict standards often fail, "James Bartram, a WHO water—health expert.said."We need to accept
that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good
reason."
46.What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?
A.Its risks cannot be overestimated.
B.It should be forbidden altogether.
C.Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.
D.It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.
47.What is the main problem caused by the use of waste water for irrigation?
A.Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.
B.It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.
C.Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.
D.It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.
48.What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in
agriculture?
A.Favorable.
B.Skeptical.
C.Indifferent.
D.Responsible.
49.What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?
A.They have been somewhat exaggerated.
B.They can be dealt with through education.
C.They will be minimized with new technology.
D.They can be addressed by improved sanitation.
50.What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human waste for farming?
8A.He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.
B.He challenges Liqa Raschid—Sally's conclusion.
C.He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.
D.He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
These days, nobody needs to cook.Families graze on high—cholesterol take—aways and microwaved ready-
meals.Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs.Which makes it odd that the kitchen has
become the heart of the modem house：what the great hall was to the medieval castle.the kitchen is to the 21st—
century home.
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status.In America the kitchen market is now worth $170
billion, five times the country's film industry.In the year to August 2007,IKEA.a Swedish furniture chain, sold
over one million kitchens worldwide.The average budget for a"major"kitchen over haul in 2006,calculates
Remodeling magazine, was a staggering$54, 000；even a"minor"improvement cost on average$18.000.
Exclusivity,more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen：Robinson&Cornish,a British
manufacturer of custom—made kitchens, offers a Georgian—style one which would cost￡145.000-155, 000—
excluding building, plumbing and electrical work.Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it："You won't
see this kitchen anywhere else in the world."
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modem
family tells the story of a century of social change.Right into the early 20th century,kitchens were smoky,noisy
places.generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible.That
was as it should be：kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of
interest to the educated classes.One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was
Catharine Esther Beecher.sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe.In American Woman's Home, published in 1869, the
Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency
of a woman's work and promote order.
Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine
Frederick.who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife.Her l919 work, Household Engineering
Scientific Management in the Home.was based on detailed observation of a housewife's daily routine.She
borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.
Frederick's central idea.that"stove.sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps
are avoided entirely".inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schutter-Lihotsky.It
was a modernist triumph.and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.
51.What does the author say about the kitchen of today?
A.It is where housewives display their cooking skills.
9B.It is where the family entertains important guests.
C.It has become something odd in a modem house.
D.It is regarded as the center of a modem home.
52.Why does the Georgian—style kitchen sell at a very high price?
A.It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.
B.No duplicate is to be found in any other place.
C.It is manufactured by a famous British company.
D.No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.
53.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?
A.Improved living conditions.
B.Women's elevated status.
C.Technological progress.
D.Social change.
54.What was the Beecher sisters'idea of a kitchen?
A.A place where women could work more efficiently.
B.A place where high technology could be applied.
C.A place of interest to the educated people.
D.A place to experiment with new ideas.
55.What do we learn about today's kitchen?
A.It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.
B.Many of its central features are no different from those of the l 920s.
C.It has been transformed beyond recognition.
D.Many of its functions have changed greatly.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions：For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should
write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前, 深圳不过是一个渔村, 仅有三万多人。20世纪
80年代, 中国政府创建了深圳经济特区, 作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今, 深圳的人口已超过
1000万, 整个城市发生了巨大的变化。到2014年, 深圳的人均(per-capital)GDP已达25000美元, 相当于世界
上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言, 深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位, 深圳也是
国内外企业家创
10
