文档内容
Model Test One
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this pa.rt, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay to express your views on the
phenomenon of group purchasing. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
ll
Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the cor�esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Problems about the public transport system.
B) How to prevent heart attacks and broken bones.
C) The clear-up after a snowstorm in the eastern US.
D) How to deal with emergency incidents.
2. A) West Virginia. B) Southern Maine. C) Washington. D) New York.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To donate most of his fortune. C) To establish equal social education.
B) To find a better place to live in. D) To improve Facebook's user base.
4. A) He will build a new world. C) He will separate his effort from Facebook.
B) Hew诅donateall of his fortune. D) He will leave Facebook.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) It could drive for long trips. C) It could drive in various areas.
B) It could work without human involvement. D) It could take four people.
6. A) It can only drive in flat areas. C) It has no gas pedals and steering wheels.
B) It cannot go over 130 kilometers per hour. D) It has no safety devices.
7. A) Produce 25 cars in the next five years. C) Expand testing to more areas.
B) Develop areas with more hills. D) Explore areas with more rain.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At t加endof each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both t加conversation and t加questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
四级模拟question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) He went to see a doctor. C) He sang in a concert.
B) He worked at a restaurant. D) He danced in a party.
9. A) He will go there by plane.
B) He will call the band to bring him there.
C) He will go there in a big van with the woman.
D) He will drive himself there.
10. A) In a restaurant. B) In a book shop. C) In a record store. D) In a theater.
11. A) His band is going to give shows around the country.
B) His next show is in San Francisco.
C) His band can't play at the Rock Music Festival.
D) The woman can see his show in San Francisco.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He asked for leave yesterday. C) He didn't receive the memo.
B) He has forgotten about it. D) He forgot to check his inbox.
13. A) He paid no attention to it. C) He didn't know there is a copy memo.
B) He was too busy to take a break. D) He was not in the office recently.
14. A) He has a bad memory. C) He is the woman's secretary.
B) He misplaces things occasionally. D) He often goes to the break room at work.
15. A) Talk to his secretary. C) Go to the break room.
B) Check his inbox again. D) Go back to his office.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the pa.ssage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the IM玻吨eyou have just heard.
16. A) The commercials both on TV shows and on billboards are fun.
B) They both have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials.
C) The drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on the bus.
D) Both traveling and watching TV are not exciting.
17. A) By seeing billboards outside the bus window.
B) By thinking of the bus driver's style of driving.
C) By sleeping for a while or eating.
D) By sitting in various ways.
18. A) To give the speaker's opinion about long bus trips.
B) To persuade people to take long bus trips.
C) To explain why bus trips are different from television shows.
D) To describe the billboards along the road.
四级模拟 2Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heanl.
19.A) Providing financial support. C) Taking care of children.
B) Defending the family. D) Making decisions.
20. A) The couple's parents. C) The couple's brothers and sisters.
B) The couple themselves. D) The couple's aunts and uncles.
21. A) Marriage was arranged by the girl's parents.
B) The parents'duty was to make their daughter happy.
C) The girl had the right to choose her husband.
D) The girl needed her parents' protection.
22. A) Present girls choose husbands by their parents.
B) Present girls get more parental support.
C) Present girls are financially independent.
D) Present girls are more dependent on their parents.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.
B) How animals alter colors to match the surroundings.
C) How animals protect themselves against predators.
D) How animals learn to disguise themselves effectively.
24.A) Its enormous size. C) Its instant response.
B) Its plant-like appearance. D) Its offensive smell.
25.A) It helps improve their safety. C) It helps them fight with their enemies.
B) It allows them to swim faster. D) It allows them to avoid twists and turns.
Part][ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. F.ach choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
A new scholarly study documenting the poor health of southern military recruits（新兵）hasbeen much reported.
The team of researchers found that male and female army recruits from ten southern states were ______g§___ less fit and
much more likely to become ___J;J__ while on duty than male and female recruits from other parts of the country.
The authors of this careful study, based on data drawn from 170, 000 recruits, � that the overall poor
state of public health in the South shows up clearly in the data on military recruits from the region, and that, as a
result, is impairing U.S. military readiness and national�-
There is no reason to challenge the study's overall findings, however depressing, but adding a bit of historical
context might allow us better to� them. It is important to note that the study's findings will not ___lL_ any
student of southern history. The South has long been a public health disaster area,· with the region1s population
四级模拟 3� the charts in statistics relating to mortality and various indices（指数）ofrisky health outcomes for a century
and a half. The region's doubted rankin驴， in these regards are closely � to wealth, poverty, educational
achievement, and other socio-economic 34
The average level of income, high level of poverty, and poor state of public health in the region over the last one
hundred fifty years have presented in countless ways, including in high rates of rejection for military service in the
Spanish-American War, World War I, and World War II. In each of these cases the� reason for rejection
was related to weight.
A) account F) integrate K) security
B) broadly G) interpret L) significantly
C) calculate H) primary M) suggest
D) indicators I) related N) surprise
E) injured J) relieve 0) topping
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. AnslVer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
I thought having a baby would hurt my writing career. I was wrong.
A) I almost didn't have a child because of my career as a writer. Everything I read about motherhood and creativity
函d that a baby would sap（逐渐削弱）my energy, divide my attention, give me something called mommy brain
and m吐eit almost impossible to continue working. As an ambitious person, this scared me. Having a child is a big
enough mystery, and the idea that it could stop me from doing what I most desired felt like a huge risk—one I
wasn't sure I wanted to talce.
B) For years, I waffled. I read myriad essays by other women complaining that since having a baby, they couldn't
find the time or energy to make art. I saw no reason I would be different. I could easily think of actors,
musicians and other artists who seemed to lose their edge after having kids, or who produced far less work.
Many female writers I admire, including Virginia Woolf, the Bronte sisters and Jane Austen, were childless.
Those who did have children seemed to struggle with the issue. Margaret Atwood, for example, told The Paris
Review, "For a while, I thought I had to choose between the two things I wanted: children and to be a writer.
I took a chance. "
C) In the end, I took one, too. Throughout my pregnancy, I weathered comments about how difficult writing would
soon become, all obsessing about how I would juggle caring for a baby with finding time to write.
D) I shouldn't have worried. In the five years since my son's birth, I've written two novels, won grants and
residencies and broken into many national publications. Before becoming a mother, it took me 10 years to write a
novel. I never won grants or residencies pre-birth, because I rarely applied for them and, despite my skills and
experience, I was intimidated to approach national magazines. Now I don't have time for any of that angst（焦虑
不安）because the babysitter is leaving in an hour.
E) Not that I don't struggle with parenting一Ido. There have been plenty of times when I've sat in my office, near
tears, listening to my son beg to come in so he could "be with mommy." I've turned down fellowships because I
couldn't be away from him so long. More than once, I've put him in front of a TV so I could meet a deadline. I've
四级模拟 4experienced plenty of mommy guilt. Still, I'd rather be the writer I am than the one I was before my son. No one
is more surprised by that than I am.
F) For one thing, I'm more focused. When my son was an infant, my time to be creative suddenly became limited, so
I stopped wasting it. Before my son, I thought in temtS of small financial gains and pursued any project that
sounded fun. Now I think long-term about what I want to accomplish, and I'm judicious about the projects I take
on. I go after big goals. I'm braver. My creative life has broadened, and I'm more interested in making art that
takes on larger, more pressing topics.
G) I may not be alone here. The more we learn about how pregnancy affects the brain, the more it seems to benefit
creative thinkers. One study showed that pregnancy produced long-lasting changes in brain areas associated with
social cognition, or understanding how other people perceive things, skills that are useful for figuring out an infant
and also for writing characters. Pregnancy may also improve memory and slow aging of the brain. Rats who gave
birth did better on learning and memory tests. So much for mommy brain. A 2014 study showed that after giving
birth, female rats catch crickets four times faster than other rats, and are less likely to let go of their prey. This
reminds me of my newfound focus. I never thought I'd relate to a rat. Motherhood is full of surprises.
H) Even literary history seems less bleak （令人沮丧的） when I look at it from another angle. While there are plenty
of childless women writers, there are also women such as George Sand or Margaret Oliphant, successful writers
with children. Oliphant, whom novelist Ursula K. Le Guin said was a better writer than Anthony Trollope, had
six children. Harriet Beecher Stowe had seven. Elizabeth Gaskell had five. Kate Chopin, who wrote The
Awakening, had six children and was a single mother. Sand had two children, wrote nearly 90 novels and still had
time for an affair with Fr姐如c Chopin. Mary Shelley, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Frances Burney, Frances
Hodgson Burnett, Agatha Christie and Gwendolyn Brooks all had children. If these women could do it, certainly
I, a woman with more freedom and resources, can thrive while juggling kids with creativity.
I) When it comes to women succeeding in the arts, maybe motherhood itself has never been the problem. The
problems lie in the economic and social constraints that come with being a mother. The arts, like everything else,
were historically dominated by men. Complaints of women in the arts were often wrapped in complaints about
child rearing, perceived for centuries to be the realm of the feminine. "There is no more somber enemy of good
art than the pram in the hall," wrote critic Cyril Connolly in his 1938 book Enemies of Promise. This quote is
often mentioned because it so perfectly sums up the prejudice against motherhood in the arts. If the mere presence
of things relating to a baby threatens art, how much more the baby itself and the lactating （分泌乳汁的） woman
who bore the baby?
J) So when I, a woman trying to make art, contemplated becoming the woman with the baby, I felt divided. I didn't
want to create the very thing that would become the enemy of my art. For almost a decade, I sat on my hands,
afraid to have a child, yet wanting one. I now regret all that wasted time.
K) After all, many male artists had children. Leo Tolstoy had 13, Charles Dickens had 10, Amadeus Mozart had six,
Johannes Vermeer had 15, and Johann Sebastian Bach had 20. No one would suggest that fatherhood hindered the
creativity of these men, yet their ability to create depended on someone else taking care of all those kids. It's no
different for women artists, except that they have only recently been afforded the same privilege that men have
always had—that is, the peace of mind that comes when someone you trust looks after your children while you
work.
L) In this respect, creative women need the same thing all professional women need: childcare and a support system.
I have that in my husband, who shares half the parenting, and in my limited access to babysitting. Not everyone is
四级模拟 5so fortunate. Today, a more promising discussion about motherhood and creativity would look at how women
artists can get the resources they need to make art, instead of rehashing the same old idea that motherhood and
creativity don't m议
36.Women artists usually lost their advantages and became less prolific after having children.
37. The situation of limited time makes the author braver and pursue larger dreams.
38. It is the economic and social factors, not the motherhood that prevent women from succeeding in the arts.
39. One study showed that pregnancy exerted beneficial influence on women's brain.
40. The author thought that raising a baby would exhaust her energy and distract her attention from writing.
41.Nobody would claim that being a father might prevent a man from being a creative writer.
42.One reason why the author can mix motherhood with creativity is that her husband shoulders half the parenting
burden.
43.The author suffered a lot of guilt as she could not accompany her son all the time.
44.There were some women writers in literary history who balanced the relationship between motherhood and the
writing career.
45. In the five years with her son, the author could write more efficiently than before.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 pa,ssages in this section． 应chpa,ssage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) a叫D). You should decide on
the best choice a叫 mark the correspo叫ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Most of us trust our doctors even when they hand us a prescription for a drug we can't pronounce. But natural,
holistic productsare fully in vogue nowadays, and the Internet has created a way for non-experts to become
（全面的）
as—or more--informed as their general practitioner when it comes to obscure treatment methods. "People are now
more willing to take their health and wellness into their own hands," says Danielle Hardee, a wellness advocate for
doIBRRA International.
Oddly enough, until fairly recently, Hardee was not one of those people. Her first experience with essential oils
came in treating her pet bulldog. After seeking suggestions for the sickly pet on Facebook, a fellow fosterer told
Hardee about certain oils she could try applying to the animal's skin. Pairing her curiosity with healthy skepticism,
Hardee dove deep into researching the safety of the oils. "I was very happy with everything I found," she says. "I
started not just using them on the foster dog, but also our son, who needed the benefits of the respiratory support."
While the dog's recovery was soon apparent, the benefits for her son were almost immediate.
The oils in question are considered "essential" not due to any proven vitality, but because they contain the essence
of the plants from which they are extracted. Peppermint, lavender and citruses are among the most common on the
market today, but nwnerous essential oils have been in use for several centuries.
After seeing how beneficial the concentrated liquids were to both the two-legged and four-legged members of her
family, Hardee soon found herself teaching essential oil classes. "It became something I felt so strongly about, I had to
share it," she says. The classes quickly grew in size and geographical span and Hardee soon became an advocate for
do芷RRAInternational, a natural nutrition and wellness company.
As growing popularity pushes essential oils into the broader market, Hardee recommends curious customers
proceed with caution concerning quality and purity. Hardee believes the effects of quality oils will be the evidence that
helps them prevail. "I'm �ot a holistic health guru “sheemphasizes. "I'm just seeing it with my own, eyes."
（专家），
四级模拟 646. What is people's attitude to their health and wellness nowadays?
A) They are ready to put their health into the doctors'hands.
B) They are convinced that the natural methods are of no use to them.
C) They are willing to use natural methods to deal with their wellness.
D) They are reluctant to visit doctors and get some prescriptions.
47. What did Hardee do with the suggestions about oils on Facebook?
A) She made detailed studies to make sure the oils were safe.
B) She tried the oils on herself to see whether they were effective.
C) She asked the professional doctors for advice.
D) She totally accepted the oils without any doubt.
48. Why are those oils considered "essential"?
A) Because they are used to save people's lives.
B) Because they are taken from the essence of plants.
C) Because they are essential to patients'recovery.
D) Because they are proven to be useful and energetic.
49. According to the passage, what is the probable effect of the oils on humans?
A) They function as a psychological comfort to humans.
B) They provide sweet flavor for humans.
C) They stimulate humans'spirits and make them energetic.
D) They exert beneficial healing effects on humans.
50. What is Hardee's suggestion for curious customers?
A) They should question the effects of the oils on any occasion.
B) They may choose any one they like since the oils are popular.
C) They should choose those oils which are good and pure.
D) They should trust the oils because they have been used for centuries.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
A federal judge in California has dismissed a lawsuit against the Coca七olacompany which argued that Diet Coke
misled people to believe the drink would help them lose weight.
The case was brought by Shana Becerra who said that she had bought and drank Diet Coke because she believed it
would contribute to weight loss and healthy weight management. She alleged that Diet Coke had the opposite effect,
citing studies that she claimed showed sweeteners with no nutritional value like those used in Diet Coke cause weight
gain and increased risk of certain diseases.
Although Coca-Cola's arguments against the suit were not adequate, Judge William Alsup said the prosecutor
failed to show that consumers were likely to be deceived by the advertising.
Alsup dismissed the case because Becerra had not met the requirement that "members of the public are likely to be
deceived". "In supermarkets, Diet Coke is displayed next to regular soft drinks and is not sold in the health-food
section. Reasonable consumers would understand that Diet Coke merely deletes the calories usually present in regular
Coke, and that the caloric reduction will lead to weight loss only as part of an overall sensible diet and exercise
regimen（养生法）dependent on individual metabolism," Alsup said in the decision.
Alsup said the studies cited by Becerra suggest a correlation between Diet Coke-type drinks and weight gain, but
四级模拟they do not suggest causation. He added that one of the studies even says that weight gain is "due to the behavior of
consumers, rather than the effects of nonnutritive sweeteners." Alsup also rejected the idea that Diet Coke advertising
would suggest to consumers that the soft drink led to weight loss as "reasonable consumers understand that advertising
will feature healthy and attractive consumers enjoying the subject products and will not star the unhealthy and unfit."
The decision on Tuesday, said that the prosecutor has until March 22 to file a motion to amend the complaint. A
spokesperson for the Coc<\-Cola company said they were content with the fact that the court dismissed prosecutor's
baseless complaint.
51. What was the lawsuit against?
A) One of Coca-Cola's drinks made people think it would make them thinner.
B) The Coca-Cola company misled people to believe the safety of its products.
C) The advertisements exaggerated the health effects of Diet Coke.
D) The Judge discriminated the consumers in favor of the Coco-Cola company.
52. What are the side effects of sweeteners?
A) They stimulate people's spirits and make them energetic.
B) They increase people's weight and the potential possibility of getting sick.
C) They provide nutritious refreshment for fat consumers.
D) They add a nice touch to the soft drinks and make them popular.
53. Why did Judge William Alsup dismiss the charge?
A) Because the prosecutor couldn't provide solid evidence to support her lawsuit.
B) Because the Coca-Cola company didn't do anything wrong.
C) Because he was reasonable enough to know the effects of soft drinks.
D) Because the consumer made no sense in this lawsuit.
54. According to Alsup, how can people lose weight with Diet Coke?
A) They should reduce the calories they take in.
B) They should replace the regular Coca with Diet Coke.
C) They should reduce their drinking of Diet Coke.
D) They should pay attention to their diet and do exercises.
55. What �as the Coca-Cola company's attitude towards the Judge's decision?
A) Angry. C) Regretful.
B) Pleased. D) Shameful.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
游泳运动是男女老少都喜欢的体育项目之一。 国内外研究一致认为，古代游泳产生于居住在江、河、湖、海一带的
古代人。 他们为了生存，必须要在水中捕捉水鸟和鱼类作食物，通过观察和模仿鱼类、青蛙等动物在水中游动的动作，
逐渐学会了游泳。 自古至今，无论是为了捕猎、逃避猛兽或是遇上塑理(shipwreck)时能够自救，游泳都是一门重要的求
生技能之一。
四级模拟 8Model Test Two
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:氏r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay to express your views on the
phenomenon of cosmetic surgery. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part ll Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The PC market has picked up rapidly in the past months.
B) PCs are sold at lower prices during the shopping season.
C) PC shipments have gone down quickly around the world.
D) PCs have longer lifecycles by upgrading their hardware.
2. A) Rising commodity prices. C) Stronger currencies.
B) Competition from mobile devices. D) Social tensions in Southeast Asia.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Steal Amazon users'private account information.
B) Sell individual Amazon user names and passwords.
C) Start an attack on some online shopping websites.
D) Spread a virus on online shopping websites by email.
4. A) To call the Amazon Company. C) To reset passwords frequently.
B) To check the spelling and grammar. D) To delete the email directly.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard
5. A) Giving severe punishments to traffic violators. C) Controlling the purchase of private cars.
B) Encouraging people to travel on public buses. D) Liiniting traffic by an odd-even scheme.
6. A) To relieve its traffic congestion. C) To guarantee drivers'safety on the road.
B) To lessen its environmental problem. D) To improve the public transport system.
7. A) Schools were shut during the trial. C) Parents could send their children to school.
B) The pressure of public transport was heavy. D) The government required to do this.
四级模拟 9Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) More than twenty minutes. C) About twelve minutes.
B) At least eight minutes. D) Less than twenty-eight minutes.
9. A) She runs after the taxi in a hurry. C) She has no idea about how far the museum is.
B) She doesn't know when the museum closes. D) She looks up at the tall buildings.
10. A) The one that is out of town. C) The one that offers small servings.
B) The one that is inexpensive. D) The one that is near to the museum.
11. A) Talkative and humorous. C) Warm-hearted and forgetful.
B) Talkative and mean. D) Silent and unfriendly.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) To help students prepare language for the further study in America.
B> To help students acquire skills in English tests.
C) To help students find a satisfying job after graduating from college.
D) To help students familiarize with the culture in foreign countries.
13. A) They want to know the students'language levels.
B) They can train applicants before the semester begins.
C) They can process the application and issue the 1-20.
D) They can collect the application fees for other use.
14. A) It's the name of a language program. C) It's a kind of visa.
B) It's the name of a document. D) It's the code name of a major at university.
15. A) The applicant's nationality. C) The applicant's language proficiency.
B) The applicant's financial state. D) The applicant's academic performance.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) He was worth respecting. C) He didn't deserve so much respect.
B) He was a lonely man in the mountains. D) He liked to be played tricks on.
17. A) To examine how wise the man was. C) To catch a living bird.
B) To make fun of the man. D) To show how clever they were.
18. A) The bird was dead. C) It's hard to answer the question.
B) The bird was alive. D) He found out the children's trick.
19. A) A person should learn to be moral and respectful. C) People around are much smarter than us.
B) Awwiis e man can't always be wise. D) Children often make stupid behavior.
四级模拟 10Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) They are both sinking slowly.
B) They are both famous tourist resorts.
C) They are both prosperous in economy.
D) They are both full of sunshine throughout the whole year.
21. A) They'll make residents live in the top part of buildings.
B) They'll call for people to abandon their homes.
C) They'll reclaim land from the sea.
D) They'll replan the local infrastructure.
22. A) Its contamination is primarily due to climate change.
B) It has been moved far away from the west.
C) It needs lots of money to fix.
D) It is polluted by saltwater intrusion.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) They are indeed very crazy. C) They are, in fact, reasonable to some extent.
B) They consider their dogs as their babies. D) They can't actually communicate with their d笭·
24. A) Dogs can only understand verbal directions.
B) Dogs can understand humans by interpreting their facial expressions.
C) Some dogs like to gaze at humans while some do not.
D) Dogs have the intelligence of 6-month-old babies.
25. A) They are born with the ability to interact with humans.
B) They are frequently trained by doggy parents.
C) They acquire the ability when sharing their lives with humans.
D) They will pay attention when humans tallc to them in a baby-talk voice.
Part][ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
对ore making your choices.应chchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter fio r each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following p邸吨e.
According to a recent study, the idea of aging might look different through the eyes of little children. A good
number of children aged three to five seemed to think that birthday parties were � for making people grow
older. According to those kids, if people don't have a birthday party, they＿笣—thesame age.
Developmental psychologist Jacqueline Woolley compiled two studies in which they tested children's understanding
of aging by telling them stories. The researchers told them a story about a child who had no birthday party. Then, a
story about a child who had two birthday parties. After hearing the stories, the children were asked to tell the age of
each character.
四级模拟 11Woolley's team _____gL_ that 4-and 5-year-olds would do� better than 3-year-olds at reporting the age
of the character in each story. But for the story, in which a child had two birthday parties, all the kids seemed
30
The researchers also tested children's� about the way adults age by telling a story about a woman who
does not want to grow older. Seventy-one percent of three-year-olds responded with� answers. The older kids
did better on that question, and all of the kids were able to correctly answer the other questions about the woman's
age.
Children as young as three understand the idea that living things grow and � do not. But birthday parties
are a cultural �. So the researchers set out to study how a piece of culture might -1§__ the way children
think about an idea that overlaps culture and biology.
A) affect F) extremely K) practice
B) beliefs G) guilty L) positive
C) confused H) mention M) remain
D) exert I) negative N) responsible
E) expected J) objects 0) significantly
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. 应ch
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. 应chparagraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Collagen （胶原蛋白） supplements
A) Any soup maker worth their salt knows that a good,血1-bodied stock is semisolid and unstable when chilled, and
the essential ingredient to make that happen is plenty of bones. It's why my grandmother, and now I, consider
啦cken feet the secret ingredient in our soups, and it explains some of the appeal of today's bone soup craze. It
turns out that bones-from meat, poultry or fish-provide more than just luxurious texture; they also provide a
type of protein that has become a major trend in the supplement market, collagen.
B) Collagen is the main structural protein of connective tissue in animals, found not only in bones but also skin, cartilage （软
and ten When collagen is heated in water, as in soup making,让results in gelatin which
骨） 戊心（肌键）． （明胶），
explains that desirable jellylike texture after refrigeration. And yes, that is where the powder in those little gelatin
packets used for desserts and other dishes comes from. When we eat it, gelatin is digested like any other protein
it is broken down into individual am加acids
（氨基酸）
thatour bodies can use to build whatever protein it needs—
including our own collagen. As we age, however, our bodies' collagen production becomes less efficient, and the
tissues that depend on it, such as our skin and joints, don't get repaired the way they used to, which explains, at
least in part, why our skin starts to wrinkle and we have more aches and pains as the years tick by.
C) That's where the supplements come in. Manufacturers have found a way to apply enzymes togelatin to create
（酶）
protein chains called collagen hydrolysates Thesesmall collagen chains may be absorbed by the body to
（水解物）．
be used directly in the tissues. Predictably, there are a lot of exaggerated claims around these supplements, but
there is also a lot of promising, genuine research pointing to benefits, particularly for more youthful-looking skin
and help with joint pain.
四级模拟 12D) Several studies show improved skin flexibility and hydration and reduced formation of deep wrinkles after taking
collagen hydrolysate supplements for six weeks or more, with participants older than 30 seeing the biggest
improvement.
E) A 2016 study in the Journal of A打iculture arul Food Chemistry showed that collagen hydrolysates can be
transferred through the bloodstream directly to the skin, which explains the probable pathway for these effects.
The supplements may also help improve brittle nails, according to a small study published in 2017 in the Journal of
Cosmetic Dermatology in which participants took the supplements for 24 weeks.
F) Collagen hydrolysates have also been shown to help with joint pain in athletes and those suffering from
osteoarthritis, with participants in the greatest pain getting the most relief. A 2018 meta-analysis published in the
British Journal of Sports Medicine that examined various supplements used for osteoarthritis identified collagen as
one "demonstrating clinically important effects for pain reduction in the medium term." However, over the long
term, the supplements didn't help any more than a comfort.
—
G) Besides the fact that observed benefits have mostly involved short-term studies there is not enough evidence that
the effects are anything more than fleeting一thereare several other things to consider before you run out and buy
collagen supplements. Although the science is building, it is relatively new and there is still a lot to learn,
particularly in identifying what types of collagen chains work with different conditions. Also, although side effects
appear minimal, there have been reports of digestive problems when supplements are taken in large amounts.
H) On top of that, the bullc and cost of the supplements may be prohibitive. Supplements in pill form require
swallowing six a day to get a six-gram dose. (The doses used in the studies generally ranged from five to 12 grams
a day.) Powders, which can be dissolved in hot or cold liquids, are perhaps less burdensome but are roughly
double the price, running from about $15 to more than $40 for a month's supply. Also noteworthy, If you are
looking for a general protein supplement, collagen alone would not be the best choice because it is not a complete
protein一itlacks the essential amino acid.
I) Considering that those who benefited most from collagen supplements in the studies were those who generally ate
the least amount of meat and were possibly, therefore, not getting enough quality protein, it's worthwhile,
whether you decide to try a supplement or not, to turn your attention to optimizing （使尽可能完善） your body's
own collagen-making machinery. That means getting adequate protein overall, from meat, poultry, fish and plant
—
proteins such as beans, nuts, seeds and grains. And you need to get enough vitamin C found in foods such as
citrus fruits, berries, bell peppers and green, leafy vegetables— which is also essential for collagen production.
J) It's also worth noting that, although it's not in hydrolysate form, one cup of chicken stock or bone broth offers
about six grams of collagen一richprotein in a tasty and satisfying way.
K) This is a classic response to research that found nutrients or supplements had a benefit. Instead of recommending
that people imitate the research to take the nutrient or supplement that the research found to be beneficial, the
recommendation is virtually always "eat a balanced
diet”—
the practice that people were following before they
benefited from the nutrient or supplement.
L) The standard American diet contains too much protein. This has been known for decades. The excess protein in
the standard American diet causes or contributes to many diseases. As Americans who overdose on protein, many
of their "sudden" health problems, which have been developing for decades, can be traced in whole or in part to
all that cheese, chicken, bacon, beef, cream sauce and other dietary excesses and misinformation resulting in
obesity, Type-2 diabetes, and other preventable diseases.
M) So a dietician perpetuates the myth that "those who ate the least meat" might not be getting enough "quality
protein." However, meat eaters have many problems from their diet, one of which is protein levels that are too
high. Protein is in everything, and they'd have to eat a pathetically non-nutritious diet to compensate.
四级模拟 1336. The price of the collagen supplements may set obstacles to their popularity.
37. The reduction of collagen is partly responsible for our wrinkles and pains.
38. Meat eaters usually have high protein levels and need to take non-nutritious food to balance them.
39. Citrus fruits and leafy vegetables are important to get collagen.
40. A 2017 study shows that the collagen supplements can improve the situation of breakable nails.
41. If taken too much, the supplements may have some side effects.
42. Americans intake too much protein from their greasy diet, which leads to many avoidable diseases.
43. In the long run, the supplements functioned only as a comfort to the joint pain.
44. Bones produce collagen一a popular protein in the supplement market.
45. The collagen hydrolysate supplements may benefit the participants who are older than 30 most.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section． 应ch passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
It often seems that some possess superhuman eating powers, allowing them to down an entire pizza while
remaining rail-thin. Others only need to think of a slice and gain five pounds. Now one doctor says there's evidence
that genetics could be behind some of these differences. Regardless of how much you eat, your weight may be out of
your hands.
Vann Bennett, a biochemist at D业e University and his team led a new investigation and discovered why this
happens. They engineered mice to have several common modifications of the gene found in humans. They observed
that mice who had mutations of ankyrin-B took more glucose（葡萄糖）into their fat cells, which in turn made more
fat. Typically, the cell membrane（膜）acts as a barrier to prevent glucose from entering these cells; the alteration
kept the gate open.
The change may serve a useful purpose. "Probably this is not always a bad thing," Bennett told Newsweek. "It
could help people survive famines in the past. But today we have so much food that it probably is a bad thing." Our
modern diets of fast food drive-thru windows and aisles of packaged snacks make the alteration work against us.
Dieters have long been told to watch their calories and exercise more, but this new finding suggests that a blanket
approach doesn't work for everyone. And the study illustrates a common problem for people, increased weight gain as
a function of age. Our metabolism naturally slows with age, making it harder to maintain the weight of our 30-year-old
selves when we're 50. Now add an unruly ankyrin-B gene, and it may seem impossible to stay slim.
The mice in the study gained more weight when on high-fat diets. Bennett believes this is because once the fat
cells received the glucose and start making more fat, they become sensitive to other fat. Despite being studied in mice,
the researchers believe further research on this gene, and possibly others, could potentially create a field of customized
diets and health plans based on genetics. Bennett envisions such assessments being performed at birth one day. For
now, frustrated dieters can take comfort with one saying: It's not you, it's your genes.
46. According to a doctor, what makes people different in weight?
A) The amount of food they take in.
B) The amount of time they spend on exercise.
四级模拟 14C) The genes in their body.
D) The different lifestyles.
47. How did a mouse gain weight with mutations of ankyrin-B?
A) The fat cells in the mouse would take more glucose to create more fat.
B) The cell membrane in the mouse could open the gate of fat into the mouse.
C) The glucose could function as a barrier to prevent the fat from reducing.
D) The ankyrin-B could m吐ethe mouse eat more.
48.What was the effect of the alteration in the past?
A) It could help people to absorb more ingredients.
B) It could help people to get through the starvation.
C) It could help people to avoid fast food.
D) It could help people to enjoy more delicious snacks.
49.Why is it more difficult to stay slim when we are older?
A) Because we all lack exercise.
B) Because we watch our calories less.
C) Because we have ankyrin-B genes.
D) Because our metabolism slows down.
50.What is the prospect of further research?
A) It may help people to maintain the perfect weight.
B) It may change many new-born babies'gene arrangement.
C) It may present hwnan beings with a series of health plans.
D) It may provide more comfort for the frustrated dieters.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Women make up only 14 percent of full professors in U.S. economics departments. In stark contrast to other
social sciences where women typically receive over 60 percent of doctoral degrees, women in economics receive only
35 percent of doctorates.
Women have made significant progress in certain S1EM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics)
fields traditionally dominated by men. But economics is not one of them. Startlingly, evidence suggests little progress
in bringing women into economics since 2000.
Those advocating for gender equality presume that women economists need to be included when research is being
conducted and when policy is being debated because they bring a different perspective than men. Women economists,
for example, are more likely to favor goverrunent intervention over market solutions. Male economists not only show
a greater willingness to rely on markets, they are more likely to see problems from interfering with them.
If men are the majority of full professors, younger female academics may find it harder to have their research
seen as valuable. If men are the majority of editors of economics journals, it is not difficult to understand why it takes
women six months longer to go through the review process for publishing in some of the top economics journals. Of
course, even acknowledging the barriers to women's progress in economics, some may be convinced that the arc of
history will eventually bring more women into the discipline, along with younger male economists more open to
diversity. Unfortunately, there is growing reason to question that asswnption. As Alice Wu's analysis of the &onomics
Job Market Rumors forum demonstrates, some of the biases that have contributed to the gender imbalance appear alive
and well among those entering the profession.
四级模拟 15The governing board of the American Economic Association, at its January meeting, responded to the issues
raised by the job forum. But leaders in the profession and economists throughout the world must begin to reflect upon
the many factors that have produced the gender imbalance and how to address them constructively. The profession
must understand that the lack of gender parity in economics is a systemic problem that will not fix itself.
51. What can we learn about the situation of women in economics?
A) They receive the same respect as women in other fields.
B) Their situation has already changed a lot since 2000.
C) They only occupy a small fraction in this man-dominated field.
D) They master higher degrees than men in this field.
52. Why are women economists important?
A) Because they are better at economics than men.
B) Because they may analyze the situations in detail.
C) Because they are the essential part of the society.
D) Because they can provide different opinions.
53. What is the male economists'attitude to the market?
A) They will let the government deal with the market.
B) They prefer to depend on the market itself.
C) They want to witness the market change in person.
D) They like to solve the market problems in the academic way.
54. What will happen to the gender imbalance according to the author?
A) It will remain in the profession for a long time.
B) It will disappear from the profession in no time.
C) The profession will allow more women to enter the field.
D) The profession will help women get the respect they deserve.
55. What should leaders do to deal with gender imbalance?
A) They should call on the public to face it together.
B) They should make public speech to spread it.
C) They should think about this problem and try to solve it.
D) They should hire more female economists.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
畔(mountaineering)是指在特定要求下，运动员徒手或使用专门装备，从低海拔地形向高海拔山峰进行攀登的一
项体育活动。 与其他运动项目不同，登山运动的竞技性，不是表现为运动员之间的比赛和对抗，而是表现为运动员与自
然环境的抗争，是人的生全力(vitality)之体现。 经常参加登山野营活动对人体有很多好处，如体内多余脂肪的消耗、延
缓人体衰老等。
四级模拟 16Model Test Three
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on t如saying " Create
your own life." You can cite examples to illustrate t加importance of independence of mind. You should
write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part][ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
t叩 or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have Just heanl.
1. A) More than 6 million. C) Less than 3 million.
B) 6m诅ion. D) More than 3 million.
2. A) To attack hackers'computers.
B) To protect people from being attacked by hackers.
C) To improve their computer skills.
D) To test their anti-hacking proficiency.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) The melting of the entire glacier in Greenland. C) The grow山ofcarbon em访sions.
B) The melting of all the glaciers in the earth. D) The destruction of the ozone layer.
4. A) The earth movement. C) Warmer air temperatures.
B) The volcanic eruption. D) The glacier's special location.
Questions S to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) The UK. C) France.
B) Canada. D) Germany.
6. A) It has better universities. C) The cost of education is lower.
B) It has rich educational resources. D) The competition is less strong.
7. A) To earn more tuition fees. C) To attract international attention.
B) To improve its economic competitiveness. D) To make the universities diversified.
四级模拟 17Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear t'WOlong conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) Disappointed. B) Pleased. C) Surprised. D) Hopeful.
9. A) They have no books left. C) They have two books left in this store.
B) They have a lot of books left. D) They have two books left in another store.
10. A) Provide more details about the book. C) Make a phone call to another store.
B) Sign a contract with the woman. D) Pay the reservation fee.
11. A) Write down the book's information. C) Fill in the customer card.
B) Go to the next block. D) Get back the reservation fee.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He used to do business with the woman. C) He used to work out with the woman.
B) He used to be a colleague of the woman's. D) He used to be a doctor with the woman.
13. A) She failed her business. C) She was fired by her company.
B) She loved to be a doctor. D) She felt tired and lonely.
14. A) Help the clients re-evaluate their lives. C) Help the clients succeed in life.
B) Help the clients make more money. D) Help the clients keep healthy.
15. A) To ask for professional advice. C) To visit their coach Alexandra.
B) To talk about their old days. D) To invite the woman to his company.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some
questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) The widespread use of color in clothes. C) The widespread use of color in commerce and art.
B) The widespread use of color in boxes and cans. D) The widespread use of black and white photographs.
17. A) It made the mass production of color possible. C) It made colors more expensive to get.
B) It enabled Americans to see colors. D) It helped to produce more colors.
18. A) Frenchmen brought it there. C) German immigrants brought it there.
B) English immigrants brought it there. D) Americans invented it themselves.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It has to do with a tallying system. C) It is useful for people to get good sleep.
B) Sheep is a kind of lovely animal. D) The reason is not clear to us.
20. A) The subjects can easily fall asleep by counting sheep.
B) The subjects can't fall asleep when given no instructions.
四级模拟 18C) The subjects can easily fall asleep when im吧ininga soothing scene.
D) The subjects can't fall asleep when imagining a relaxing scene.
21. A) Think about unpleasant images before sleep. C) Imagine worries and noises before sleep.
B) Picture things they have done before sleep. D) Imagine soothing images before sleep.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the pi;应吨eyou have just heard
22. A) It is the hottest month of the year.
B) It is the most beautiful season of the year.
C) The temperature has reached a new high this month.
D) There is a lot of rain this month.
23. A) Both global warming and below-average rainfall.
B) Both below-average rainfall and natural climate variability.
C) Global warming as well as natural climate variability.
D) Natural climate variability and geographical conditions.
24. A) High food yields. C) More starving people.
B) High food prices. D) More refugees.
25. A) The hurricane. B) The food crisis. C) The water crisis. D) The annual bushfire.
Part][ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a欢1rd bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices.应ch choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more t加n once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
"Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and weep alone." So wrote the poet Ella Wheeler Cox. Emotions
are catching, and most people intuitively seek out the positive while� the negative. The exception, however,
is those who are suffering from depression. The depressed ______%L_ emotional facial cues, finding gloom and doom
where others see contentment.
We're generally pretty good at reading the emotional expressions of others as portrayed on their faces, at least
when it comes to the� emotions, like happiness, sadness, and anger. We read the emotions of those we're
� with and regulate our own mood in response. After all, we can't cooperate� with others if our
emotions are out of sync（不同步的）．Crying at a party will likely get you shunned（避开），as will laughing at a
funeral. You've got to express the right emotion for the �.
Facial expressions of emotion are inherent, but we can ______lL_ or suppress them. Even though you're feeling
down, you may decide to put on a happy face at a party just to get along. And since others then� to your
positive expression, you might start feeling better as well.
Our natural ability to read emotional expressions on the faces of others� down, however, as we fall into
depression. The depressed can still read obviously happy or sad faces, but a problem� when others display
四级模拟 19ambiguous feelings. This can occur either because the other person is trying to suppress their emotional expression, or
because they aren't sure how they feel at the moment.
A) arises F) contact K) interacting
B) avoiding G) deadly L) misread
C) basic H) effectively M) occasion
D) breaks D fake N) respond
E) condition J) functions 0) significant
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contaiinsns innffoormarmattion扣ven in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
i i
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. 应chparagraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Why you shouldn't try to be a morning person
A) We've all heard it before: to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook gets up at
—
3: 45 a.m ., Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3: 30 a. m. and Richard Branson at 5: 45 a. m. and, as we know,
"The early bird catches the worm."
B) But just because some successful people walce up early, does that mean it's a trait most of them share? And if the
idea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and done one task before 8 a. m. makes
you want to roll over and hit snooze until next Saturday, are you really doomed to a less successful life? For about
half of us, this isn't really an issue. It's estimated that some 50% of the population isn't really morning or evening
oriented, but somewhere in the middle.
C) Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright-eyed early risers, and another one in four are night
owls. For them, the effects can go beyond falling asleep in front of the TV at 10 p. m. or being chronically late
for work. Research shows that morning versus evening types show a classic left-brain versus right-brain division:
more analytical and cooperative versus more imaginative and individualistic.
D) Numerous studies have found that morning people are more persistent, self-directed and agreeable. They set
higher goals for themselves, plan for the future more and have a better sense of well-being. And compared to
night owls, they're less likely to be depressed, drink or smoke.
E) Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on measures of
memory, processing speed and cognitive ability, even when they have to perform those tasks in the morning.
Night-time people are also more open to new experiences and seek them out more. They may be more creative
(although not always). And contrary to the maxim ("healthy, wealthy and wise"), one study showed that night
owls are as healthy and wise as morning types--and a little bit wealthier.
F) Still think the morning people sound more like CEO material? Don't set your alarm for 5 a. m. just yet. As it turns
out, overhauling（彻底修改）your sleep times may not have much effect. "If people are left to their naturally
preferred times, they feel much better. They say that they are much more productive. The mental capacity they
have is much broader," says Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff, who studies chronobiology（生物钟学）
and sleep. On the other hand, she says, l)UShing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful.
When they wake early, for example, night owls are still producing melatonin. "Then you disrupt it and push the
四级模拟 20body to be in the daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequences," Wulff says, like a
different sensitivity to insulin and glucose--which can cause weight gain.
G) In many ways, that makes sense, since research shows that our chronotype, or internal clock, is mainly biological.
Researchers even have found that the circadian （生理节奏的）rhythmsof human cells in vitro （试管内）correlate
with the rhythms of the people they were taken from. Up to 47% of it is inherited, which means if you want to
know why you pop up at dawn each day (or never do), you should probably look at your parents. One genetic
factor seems to be the length of the circadian cycle, humans average a 24.2 -hour clock, meaning everyone adjusts
slightly each day to a 24-hour rhythm. But for night owls, the clock often runs longer-meaning that, without
external cues to change, they'll fall asleep and get up later and later over time.
H) Your preference does change as you age. Children tend toward morning, with a peak shift toward night around
age 20 and a slight change back toward morning at around age 50. But compared to your peers, you'll probably
always fall within the same rough part of the spectrum （范围）．
I) In our rush to figure out the "secrets" of success, we tend to forget a couple of things. First, not all high achievers
are early risers, and not all early risers are successful. Famous late risers include Box CEO Aaron Levie and
Buzzfeed CEO Jonah Peretti, plus creatives like James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Gustave Flaubert.
J) But more importantly, in a phrase beloved by academics everywhere, correlation isn't causation. In other words,
it's not clear that waking up early itself provides the benefit. Instead, it may be that most of us are expected to
start work or school by 8 or 9 a. m. If you're a morning person, a combination of biological changes, from your
hormones to body temperature, will get you up and way ahead of your night owl peers. That means people who
enjoy rising early will be more in line with their workday and likely to achieve more. For a night owl waking at
7 a.m ., her body still thinks she's asleep and is acting accordingly, so she's groggy （昏沉的）for·much longer than
a morning person who wakes up at the same time.
K) Researchers also point out that because evening types often have to function when their bodies don't want to, it
makes sense that they may have worse moods or lower life satisfaction. It may also mean that they've had to figure
out how to be more innovative and cut comers-which may encourage their creativity and cognitive skills.
L) Because the cultural stereotype is that people who go to bed and rise late are lazy, most people probably try to
become morning people as much as they can. The only ones who don't may inherently have more rebellious, or
individualistic, traits. But shifting someone's chronotype doesn't necessarily change these traits. As one recent
study found, even as people tried to become "morning" people, it didn't make them have a better mood or life
satisfaction, suggesting these traits are "intrinsic components of the late chronotype."
M) Other research also has hinted that your sleep preference may be biologically "bundled" with other characteristics.
One recent study, for example, found that more visually-creative people had more sleep disturbances, such as
wakin� several times at night or insomnia. Again, correlation isn't causation. But there may be a connection to
genetics. "There is a dopamine receptor gene that has been previously associated with both increased creativity and
also with insomnia and sleep disturbance," one researcher says.
36.Research shows night owls tend to be more imaginative than early risers.
37. Evening types can process information faster than morning types.
38.Most people try their best to become morning people because they don't want to be considered lazy.
39.Your parents' sleeping habits can have an important influence on yours.
40.A morning person is likely to achieve more because his biological rhythm matches the rhythm of his workday.
四级模拟 2141. According to Wulff, if a night owl is forced to get up early for a period of time, he may gain weight.
42. Researchers have found that people who rise late are likely to be less satisfied with life.
43. Only part of early risers are successful, and some famous high achievers are late risers.
44. Someone who is a night owl is more likely to suffer from depression.
45. A 20-year-old man may sleep and rise later than a 53-year-old man.
Section C
Directions, There are 2 passages in this section． 应ch passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choicesma rked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice a叫mark the correspo叫ingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Almost 150 years after photovoltaic （光电的） cellsand wind turbi叱s （涡轮机） wereinvented, they still generate
only 7% of the world's electricity. Yet something remarkable is happening. From being secondary to the energy
system just over a decade ago, they are now growing faster than any other energy source and their falling costs are
making them competitive with fossil fuels. BP, an oil firm, expects renewables to account for half of the growth in
global energy supply over the next 20 years. It is no longer far-fetched to think that the world is entering an era of
clean, unliinited and cheap power.
There is a problem, though. To get from here to there requires huge amounts of investment over the next few
decades. Normally investors like putting their money into electricity because it offers reliable returns. Yet green
energy has a dirty secret. The more it is used, the more it lowers the price of power from any source. That makes it
hard to manage the transition to a carbon-free future, during which many generating technologies, clean and dirty,
need to remain profitable if the lights are to stay on. Unless the market is fixed, subsidies to the industry will only
grow.
Policymakers are already seeing this inconvenient truth as a reason to put the brakes on renewable energy. In
parts of Europe, investment in renewables is slowing as subsidies are cut back. However, the solution is not less wind
and solar. It is to rethink how the world prices clean energy in order to malce better use of it.
At its heart, the problem is that govermnent-supported renewable energy has been imposed on a market designed
in a different era. For much of the 20th century, electricity was made and moved by vertically integrated, state
controlled monopolies. From the 1980s onwards, many of these were broken up, privatized and liberalized, so that
market forces could determine where best to invest. Today only about 6% of electricity users get their power from
monopolies. Yet everywhere the pressure to decarbonize power supply has brought the state creeping back into
markets. This is disruptive for three reasons. The first is the subsidy system itself. The other two are inherent to the
nature of wind and solar, their intermittency and their very low running costs. All three help explain why power prices
are low and public subsidies are addictive.
46. Why can photovoltaic cells and wind turbines compete with fossil fuels?
A) They are clean and unliinited.
B) Their costs keep lowering down.
C) They can produce power more efficiently.
D) They receive more subsidies from the govermnent.
四级模拟 224 7. What is the dirty secret of green energy?
A) Its equipment requires frequent maintenance.
B) It offers little reliable returns to the investors.
C) It costs a lot to transport the electricity it produces.
D) Its use will reduce the price of power.
48. Why are policymakers unwilling to develop renewable energy?
A) It needs a large amount of subsidies from the goverrunent.
B) It is inconvenient to manufacture wind turbines and solar cells.
C) Green energy will bring negative influence on coal power plants.
D) The goverrunent needs to subsidize many other public services.
49. What can be done to make better use of green energy?
A) To update generating technologies of green energy.
B) To bring more private enterprises into the market.
C) To set a reasonable price on clean energy.
D) To increase subsidies to green energy.
50. What is the problem with renewable energy in nature?
A) The market is designed in different times.
B) Monopolies still supply most of green power.
C) Market forces couldn't determine where to invest.
D) Companies in this field can't remain profitable.
P邸eTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following p邸吨e.
Back in 1975, economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries'wealth, and concluded that wealth
itself increases longevity. It seemed self-evident: everything people need to be healthy—from food to medical care
costs money.
But soon it emerged that the data didn't always fit that theory. Economic upturns didn't always mean longer lives.
In addition, for reasons that weren't clear, a given gain in gross domestic product (GDP) caused increasingly higher
gains in life expectancy over time, as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life. Moreover, in the 1980s
researchers found gains in literacy were.associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were.
Finally, the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated fellow citizens. But such
people also tend to be wealthier, so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan.
Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person, lifespans,
and years of education from 174 countries, dating from 1970 to 2010. They found that, just as in 1975, wealth
correlated with longevity. But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer, with a direct
relationship that did not change over time, the way wealth does. When the team put both these factors into the same
mathematical model, they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy, while
changes in wealth barely mattered.
Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy, this
correlation reflects cause, better education drives longer life. It also tends to lead to more wealth, which is why wealth
and longevity are also correlated. But what is important, says Lutz, is that wealth does not seem to be driving
四级模拟 23longevity, as experts thought—in fact, education is driving both of them.
He thinks this is because education permanently improves a person's cognitive abilities, allowing better planning
and self-control throughout the rest of their life. This idea is supported by the fact that people who are more
intelligent appear to live longer.
51. What did economists conclude about longevity in 1975?
A) Literacy influenced longevity more than wealth did.
B) Wealth itself could increase life expectancy.
C) Economic growth didn't always mean longer life.
D) A given growth in GDP caused higher gains in longevity.
52. Why has it been difficult to decide which factor is increasing lifespan according to Para. 2?
A) Because less educated people tend to be richer.
B) Because more educated people tend to live longer.
C) Because less educated people tend to live longer.
D) Because more educated people tend to be richer.
53. What did Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues find?
A) Relationship between education and longevity changed over time.
B) Longevity and education were more closely correlated.
C) Differences in wealth predicted differences in longevity.
D) Wealth and longevity did not have any correlation.
54. In which part does education play permanently?
A) It enables people to have better planning and self-control.
B) It always leads to a longer but not necessarily richer life.
C) It helps people acquire time-managing and learning habits.
D) It improves people's imaginative and innovative abilities.
55. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A) The relationship between education and wealth
B) Wealth influences longevity
C) Education influences longevity
D) Wealth has nothing to do with longevity
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this pa.rt, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a匹ssagefrom Chinese into English. You
should write your ans叩r on Answer Sheet 2.
滑冰，亦称 3位贮(iceplay)。 早在宋代，我国就已经有了滑冰运动，不过，那时不叫滑冰，而称之为 “ 冰嬉＂。 “ 冰嬉＂
包括速度滑冰、花样滑冰以及冰上杂技 (acrobaticskating)等多种项目。 滑冰运动不仅能够增强人体的平衡能力和柔韧
性，同时还有很好的减肥效果。 在冰面上自由奔驰，既能放松心情，又能获得融人自然的乐趣。
四级模拟 24Model Test Four
I
Part Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay
with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the independence of young people in
modern society. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
"When you've finished saving for my
education, don't forget to start saving for
"
my retirement.
Part]I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will 加arthree news reports. At the end of each news report, you will 加ar
two or three questions. Both如news report and t加questions will be spoken only once. After you 加ar a
question, you must choose t加best answer from如four choices marked A), B), C) and D). T.加nmark
加corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through t加 centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) A dog that runs on three legs. C) New robots that can help people in natural disasters.
B) New robot dogs developed by scientists. D) New robots that can continue working when injured.
2. A) They can do everything that people can't do. C) They can work in dangerous situations.
B) They will be improved in two years. D) They can mend themselves when injured.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) It can help people cure diseases. C) It can help people lose weight.
B) It can make people feel happy. D) It can help to protect against heart disease.
4. A) One year. B) Three years. C) Four years. D) Thirty years.
四级模拟 25Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.A) Six m血on. B) Ten million. C) Six billion. D) Ten billion.
6. A) They are accustomed to smoking. C) They are teenagers.
B) They have too much stress. D) They find it cool to smoke.
7..AJ On the improvement of education. C) On the treatment of tobacco-related diseases.
B) On the improvement of infrastructure. D) On some illegal trade.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the correspo叫ing letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.A) Brentwood in America. C) Essex in England.
B) London. D) Scotland.
9.A) It is a small town next to London. C) It is in the northeast of Scotland.
B) It has a large population. D) It is a poor city.
10.A) It's a relatively small town. C) Houses are scarce there.
B) The people living there are very rich. D) It's close to London.
11.A) The woman is not satisfied with the recreation there.
B) The man thinks highly of the recreation there.
C) All kinds of recreations are available there.
D) The man thinks little of the recreation there.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A) He worked in a painting store. C) He worked in a gas stand.
B) He worked in a printing factory. D) He worked in a bookstore.
13.A) To print the TV guides. C) To sell the TV guides.
B) To edit the TV guides. D) To prepare the TV guides for distribution.
14. A) High pay and short work hours.
B) Friendly envirorunent and teamwork spirit.
C) Relaxed atmosphere and valuable experience.
D) Good friends he made at school.
15.A) Delightful. B) Meaningless. C) Terrible. D) Cruel.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the passage a叫thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
四级模拟 26Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A) Obese people can't lose weight.
B) Obese people can lose weight by cutting calories or exercising.
C) Obese people really can't keep the weight off.
D) Obese people should be on a diet to lose weight.
17.A) Senior people are less likely to gain weight.
B) Senior people are more likely to gain weight.
C) Once people get fat, they will suffer various problems.
D) Once people get fat, they gain weight steadily.
18.A) It may have a negative influence. C) It is meaningless.
B) It plays a very significant role. D) It can have a positive impact.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A) P revent the students doing any movement. C) Bring students more activities.
B) Gi ve students more time to rest. D) Adopt the same teaching plan for a long time.
20.A) It can help teachers interact with the students. C) It can reduce the dust in the classroom.
B) It just shows the words to students. D) It can save teachers'time.
21.A) Students'ability to study. C) Students'ability ttoo mmaaii ntam attention.
B) Students'ability to do activities. D) Students'ability to communicate with others.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A) The pot using. B) The wet cloth. C) The sand. D) The temperature.
23.A) People who eat spoiled food may get sick.
B) Farmers have to throw away spoiled products.
C) Farmers have to sell the spoiled products quickly at a low price.
D) People need money to dispose of the spoiled food.
24.A) By electricity. C) Through a freezing process.
B) Through an evaporation process. D) With the help of some special bacteria.
25.A) He sold his invention to make money.
B) He preferred invention to teaching.
C) He was honored with an award for his teaching methods.
D) He financed 5 000 pot-in-pot systems to help people.
Part][ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices.应chchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
四级模拟 27Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Researchers have identified 1. 4 million animal species so far—and millions remain to be discovered, named, and
scientifically described. So how much would it actually cost to� every animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian
scientists has er皿ched
（大量运算）
thenumbers and _____JJ___ up with an answer: $263 billion.
That's way more than the $5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward 0.W ilson estimated back in
2000—and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even $263 billion would be a ____l§__ price to
pay to understand the creatures that� such essentials as agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and energy sources,
says ornithologist Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
（鸟类学家）
"Literally, the world economy runs on biodiversity," he says. "People don't understand really, deeply how much we
depend on biodiversity."
Most biologists agree that with extinction rates� and climate change looming, the _____1l__ to document
the planet's biodiversity—or biota （生物区）一isurgent, � considering the essential role these life forms play
in crop pollination, clean air, and other aspects of human ----2L_. "We are losing species by extinction faster than
we are describing new species" according to some estimates, says biologist Antonio Marques, who ---1!__ the new
paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of St. Paulo in Brazil. "We have to know the biota to preserve
and conserve the biota," he says.
Besides the money, another huge � to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a global
shortage of taxonomists expertssay.
（分类学家），
A) attempt F) effort K) obstacle
B) cheaper G) enable L) small
C) classify H) especially M) soaring
D) coauthored I) exactly N) well-being
E) come J) identify 0) yet
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. 应ch
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. 应chparagraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
On Food Safety, a Long List but Little Money
A) This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli
（大肠杆菌）
killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported papayas contaminated with
（木瓜）
salmonella poisonedmore than 200 people nationwide, with one dead. The landmark food safety law
（沙门氏菌）
passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the
roll call of recent cases underlines the importance of the task.
B) "It's an enormous undertaking," said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administration's deputy commissioner for
foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and
importers can follow and regulators can enforce. The agency is taking on the expanded mission at a time when
Washington b叫get-slashing meansthat regulators have little hope of getting additional money and
（大幅削减预算）
may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didn't have resources to implement the law.
"The choice is we either find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You can't build something
brand-new without the resources to do it."
28
四级模拟C) The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those
this summer. One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmers to grow and harvest fruits and
vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rules is due early next year. The agency is expected to deal with basics
like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measures to protect fields from wild
animals that can track in bacteria.
D) Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm sizes. The task is all
the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms.
E) For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the
country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come storming through their fields
telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled through the sandy fields of
the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious
about the new law but was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by
several agency employees involved in writing the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit
would help them better understand how a farm worked.
F) The complexity of the FDA's task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in
Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the goverrunent expected of him. "We're
all just trying to find out what this food safety thing is all about," he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe
crop and he questioned whether it was worth including them in food safety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the FDA's
job was to focus most of its efforts where the food safety risks were greatest.
G) The third stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris.
They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers' markets and
buying clubs. They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye toward food safety, including building a large
processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits
（免除） small farms that average less than $500 000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But
Ms. Kaplan Walbrecht said that her farm brings in too much money to qualify for the exemption. She worried that
the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing （不加管束）
regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked.
H) But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could render
the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the FDA will need hundreds of millions of dollars in
new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican
controlled House of Representatives has passed a budget that largely eliminates new money for the FDA. The
Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super
committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agency's finances.
I) The budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under
the new law, which strengthen each year. "Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive," said
David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the FDA who is now a food safety consultant. "There will
be a public health impact because enforcement won't be to the extent they want to do it. " The agency has already
said that, without lots of new money, it won't be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law
would require after a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be difficult, too. The FDA has about
1 000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device
facilities. H江ingnew inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly.
四级模拟 29J) So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law. "I've never seen the agency go at anything
with such enthusiasm," said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a fcxxl policy expert at the Consumer Federation of
America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would talce shortcuts. The law requires the most
frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms. Tucker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply
classify fewer operations as high risk to make its job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. "We're not
going to game the system," he said.
36. Ms. Kaplan worried the new law could burden small farmers, though it gives exemption to small farms.
37. In order to reduce the frequency and severity of fcxxl safety problems, the Congress passed the fcxxl safety law.
38. Fcxxl safety advocates concern that the budget cuts will make the law lack the necessary force for effectiveness.
39. Since the government cuts down the budget greatly, the FDA has no enough money to implement the fcxxl
safety law.
40. The budget freeze or cuts would have the most influence on the increasing inspections.
41. The FDA is hoped to cope with the basic fcxxl safety problems.
42. The FDA argued that the foreign fcxxl inspections won't be able to be enforced due to lacking lots of new money.
43. No officials helped the farmers with the fcxxl safety problems before Mr. Taylor visited farmers around
the country.
44. The most frequent inspections demanded by the law are operated on the riskiest facilities.
45. Jimmy Zilnicki doubted whether it was necessary to include potatoes in fcxxl safety rules.
Section C
Directions: 1'.加re are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinis加d
statements. For each of加mt加re are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on t加
best choice and mark t加corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through t加centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to SO are based on the following p邸sage.
As a volunteer, John Apollos is losing weight—the old-fashioned way—by eating less. Apollos has lowered his
daily caloric intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away. But that's not the
real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three-quarters of what they used to. The
researchers are trying to determine whether restricting fcxxl intake can slow the ageing process and extend our life
span. "I feel better and lighter and healthier," says Apollos. "But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty
＂
amazmg.
The idea is counterintuitive, If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet decades of
calorie-restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that. Last July a
。
long-term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, found that calorie restri!ti nseemed to extend the
lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys（恒河猴）as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain
disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.
Scientists have suspected that calorie restriction could extend the life span of animals since at least 1935, when
researchers at Cornell University noticed that severely fcxxl-restricted lab rats lived twice as long as normal ones and
were healthier. Other investigators began exploring the idea and learned that the secret is not merely a matter of
body weight.
One theory is that a state of slight hunger acts as a m血butconstant stressor that makes an organism stronger and
more resistant to the ills of ageing. Taking in fewer calories also slows metabolism（新陈代谢），andsome data indicate
四级模拟 30that humans with a slower metabolism live longer. But even if these theories are correct, simply defining the
mechanism is not the same as identifying the molecular pathways behind it. If researchers could determine those
pathways, they might be able to pharmacologically mimic（模仿）the effect of calorie restriction. That could be the
ultimate benefit of the CALORIE study. "Calorie restriction is pretty much the only thing out there that we know will
not just prevent disease but also extend maximal life span," says Dr. Marc Hellerstein, a nutritionist at the University
of California.
46.The purpose of keeping diet for John Apollos and other participants is to_.
A) lose weight in order to keep slim
B) prove how long people can survive if they lack food
C)prove if eating less food can extend life span and keep young
D)just keep a good mood and live a healthier life
47.What's the meaning of "counterintuitive" (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A)Unconventional. B) Incorrect. C)Comprehensible. D)Meaningless.
48.What does the research on rhesus monkeys imply?
A)The less people eat, the shorter they will live.
B) Calorie restriction can help people suffer fewer diseases.
C) People who often feel hungry can live longer.
D) Hwnans depend on calories to stay alive.
49.From Dr. Marc Hellerstein's words, we can infer that
A) people who are thin can survive longer than those who aren't
B)effective calorie restriction makes us healthier and live longer
C) keeping diet cannot help people keep fit or live longer
D) a state of hunger is beneficial for our health
50.What is the main idea of this passage?
A) People should be thin in order to live longer.
B)Keeping calorie restriction effectively makes one live longer.
C)Eating too much is really harmful to our health.
D) People should form a good diet habit in daily life.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
If you sit all day at an office and worry about its effect on your weight and health, take a few breaks.
That's the advice from a new study that finds that people who sit for extended periods of time without taking short
breaks are at higher risk for heart disease than those who take more frequent timeouts to stand up and walk around.
The cardiovascular（心脏血管的）risk that stems from remaining sedentary for prolonged periods of time (at the
office, for example) manifests itself in the form of larger waists, higher blood pressure, increased body inflammation
and lower levels of "good" cholesterol（胆固醇），theauthors noted. What's more, the negative impact of such lengthy
bouts（一阵）ofinactivity seems to apply even to those who routinely go to the gym.
"These findings are not surprising," said Dr. Murray A Mittleman, director of the cardiovascular epidemiology
research unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an associate professor in the department of epidemiology at
the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.
"In fact, the Surgeon General report recommends that individuals should accwnulate activity incrementally
throughout the day," noted Mittleman, who was not a member of the Australian research team. "And this is really
consistent with that."
四级模拟 31The team, led by Genevieve N. Healy, of the Cancer Prevention Research Center in the School of Population
Health at the University of Queensland in Herston, Australia, reported their findings in the Jan. 12 online edition of
the European Heart Jour血l.
"Even if you exercise for 30 to 60 minutes a day, what you do for the rest of the day may also be important for
your cardiovascular health," Healy explained. "This research suggests that even small changes to a person's activity
levels (as little as standing up regularly) might help to lower cardiovascular risk. These changes can be readily
incorporated into the person's day-to-day life (including the work environment). Stand up, move more, more often,
could be used as a slogan to help get this message across."
51. What is the advice from a new study according to the passage?
A)Those who sit for a long time without breaks are at higher risk for heart disease.
B) Those who have frequent short breaks are at higher risk for heart disease.
C)Those who sit all day long and worry about their health should take short rests.
D)Those who sit all day long and take short breaks don't need to worry about their health.
52. What causes the cardiovascular risk?
A)Keeping calm for a long time.
B)Keeping angry for a long time.
C)Keeping sad for a long time.
D)Keeping still for a long time.
53. What is Mittleman's attitude toward the recommendation from the Surgeon General report?
A)He thinks the recommendation agrees with these findings.
B)He thinks the recommendation is opposed to these findings.
C)He thinks individuals should add exercises incrementally throughout the day.
D)He thinks people should accept the recommendation.
54. What did the team of the Cancer Prevention Research Center do?
A)The team issued a report written by Healy.
B)The team found their report online.
C)The team issued their study online.
D)The team made an online journal.
55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A)What people do for the rest of the day may be unimportant for their health.
B)People should exercise more often to lower cardiovascular risk.
C)Small changes to a person's work envirorunent might help to lower cardiovascular risk.
D) People should exercise for a long time every day to keep healthy.
Part N
Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。 2 000多年前，中国就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说(Confucianism)
和以老子和庄子为代表的道家学说(Taoism)，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有重要地位的学说和堂淫(school)。 这
就是有名的诸子百家(TheHundred Schools of Thought)。 从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有许多宝贵的思想
和品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。 比如：强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公。
四级模拟 32Model Test Five
I
Part Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay
with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the burden children are facing. You
should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
"At 12 months, your child should begin
walking, speaking words and making his
first attempts at reading."
II
Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) An invention made by architects and engineers. C) An introduction of a three-dimensional model.
B) A new device gathering information about buildings. D) New ways of building structures.
2. A) The accurate shape of rooms in the building.
B) The size and position of heating and cooling equipment.
C) The size and position of windows and doors.
D) The placement of electrical outlets.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Kids should spend more time outdoors. C) Kids may learn better in green nature.
B) Kids all like trees and flowers. D) Kids should learn to protect nature.
四级模拟 334. A) They can distract a child's attention. C) They can hurt a child's health.
B) They are easy to be accepted. D) They will affect a child's schooling.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Permanent loss of eyesight of pilots. C) Tragic results of air accidents.
B) Loss of consciousness of passengers. D) Blackouts of jet fighter pilots.
6. A) When the airplane slows down very quickly. C) When the pilots have a heart attack.
B) When the airplane is making a sharp tum. D) When the pilots lose consciousness.
7. A) It is required by the laws and the government.
B) The air pressure is rather low above the Earth's surface.
C) The passengers will lose consciousness in the planes.
D) Lack of oxygen can affect anyone at extreme heights.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. l3oth the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) The nwnber of families has decreased a lot. C) Relatives seldom live in the same place.
B) More young people seldom stay at home. D) The family members live in the same place.
9. A) She wants her parents to live with her. C) She wants her parents to live in a retirement room.
B) She wants her parents to live alone. D) She wants her parents to live with her siblings.
10. A) He is always in trouble at home. C) He often fights with his siblings.
B) He is reluctant to live with his parents. D) He doesn't study hard.
11. A) He likes living alone. C) He is busy with his business.
B) His house is far from his parents'house. D) He always quarrels with his parents.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He has been looking for a job. C) He has been looking for a roommate.
B) He has been looking for a house. D) He has been looking for an agent.
13. A) A roommate who does not snore. C) A roommate who is very tidy.
B) A roommate who does not smoke. D) A roommate who loves studying.
14. A) A flat with two bedrooms. C) A well-decorated apartment.
B) An unfurnished apartment. D) A furnished bedroom in a shared flat.
15. A) Help do housework. C) Agree to share with others.
B) Bargain with the landlord. D) Sign a two-year contract.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three pa.ssages. At the e叫ofeach pa.ssage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the pa,ssage a叫thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) a叫D). Then mark the
correspo叫ingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
四级模拟 34Questions 16 to 18 are based on the p邸颂geyou have just heard.
16.A) They think it looks lilce flowers. C) They use it to show respect for Christ.
B) They think it is full of passion. D) They think it is beautiful.
17. A) France. B) Brazil. C) England. D) Canada.
18. A) It is about the size of an egg. C) It is full of yellow seeds.
B) It is with a brown skin. D) It is about the size of an orange.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have j匹t heard.
19. A) A book. B) A clock. C) A shirt. D) A suitcase.
20. A) Fastening her seat belts. C) Enjoying the beauty of the evening sky.
B) Liisstteennii ng to music. D) Sitting in a smoke-filled room.
21. A) She lost her ticket. C) She made some mistakes.
B) She was thought bringing a time bomb. D) Her passport had some problems.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They have unwritten regulations. C) They have th e pronusmg prospects.
B) They never punish the violators. D) They have strict rules.
23. A) He will be perceived as a successful person. C) He will be more successful.
B) He will be less likely to get promotion. D) He will be pushed aside by his colleagues.
24. A) Try to modify it. C) Don't judge it.
B) Criticize it directly. D) Shoot it down.
25. A) He who creates the idea deserves the credit himself.
B) It doesn't matter if a business owner borrows his employees'ideas.
C) You can borrow other people's idea if you work as a team.
D) The victim will forget soon if you borrow his idea.
Part][ Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the pa,ssage through carefully
对'ore making your choices.应chchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more t加n once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
It seems individual cancer cells send out the same distress signals as wounds, tricking immune cells into helping
them grow into twnours. The finding suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs could help to combat or prevent cancer.
"Lifelong, if you take a small quantity of something that _____l§___ inflammation （炎症）， such as aspirin, it could
reduce the risk of cancer," says Adam Hurlstone of the University of Manchester, UK.
When tissue is wounded or infected it produces hydrogen peroxide. White blood cells called leukocytes （白细胞）
are among the first cells to react to this __JJ__, homing in to kill the infectious agent, clean up the mess and rebuild
四级模拟 35� tissue. At first, the tissue becomes inflamed, but this subsides as the wound is cleared and rebuilding
continues.. Now, a study in zebra fish shows that this process is also instigated （咬使） andsustained by tumour cells.
Hurlstone and his colleagues � engineered zebra fish so that skin cells and leukocytes would show
different _____lQ________ under ultraviolet light. Some zebra fish were also engineered to have cancerous skin cells.
The team found that the cancerous skin cells secreted （分泌） hydrogen peroxide, � leukocytes which
helped them on their way to become a tumour. When the team ___1L_ hydrogen peroxide production in the zebra
fish, the leukocytes were no longer attracted to cancerous cells and the cancer colonies reduced in �.
More alarmingly, the researchers found that healthy skin cells � to the cancerous ones also produced
hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that cancer cells -----1§ co-opt them into triggering inflammation.
A) adjacent F) figure K) somehow
B) blocked G) genetically L) somewhat
C) changed H) hue M) summoning
D) colors I) hurtful N) suppresses
E) damaged J) number 0) trigger
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it． 压ch
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once． 应chparagraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Gulf Between College Students and Librarians
A) Students rarely ask librarians for help, even when they need it. This is one of the sobering （令人警醒的） truths
the librarians have learned over the course of a two-year, five-campus ethnographic （人种学的） study examining
how students view and use their campus libraries. The idea of a librarian as an academic expert who is available to
talk about assignments and hold their hands through the research process is, in fact, foreign to most students.
Those who even have the word "librarian" in their vocabularies often think library staff are only good for pointing
to different sections of the stacks.
B) The ERIAL (Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries) project contains a series of studies conducted
at Illinois Wesleyan, DePaul University, and Northeastern Illinois University, and the University of Illinois's
Chicago and Springfield campuses. Instead of relying on surveys, the libraries included two anthropologists （人类
学家）， along with their own staff members, to collect data using open-ended interviews and direct observation,
among other methods. The goal was to generate data that, rather than being statistically significant yet shallow,
would provide deep, subjective accounts of what students, librarians and professors think of the library and each
other at those five institutions.
C) The most alarming finding in the ERIAL studies was perhaps the most predictable: when it comes to finding and
evaluating sources in the Internet age, students are extremely Internet-dependent. Only 7 out of 30 students whom
anthropologists observed at Illinois Wesleyan "conducted what a librarian might consider a reasonably well-executed
search," wrote Duke and Andrew心her, an anthropology professor at Bucknell University, who led the project.
D) Throughout the interviews, students mentioned Google 115 times-more than twice as many times as any other
database. The prevalence of Google in student research is well-documented, but the Illinois researchers found
四级模拟 36something they did not expect: students were not very good at using Google. They were basically clueless about the
logic underlying how the search engine organizes and displays its results. Consequently, the students did not know
how to build a search that would return good sources. "I think it really exploded this myth of the'digital native',"
Asher said. "Just because you've grown up searching things in Google doesn't mean you know how to use Google as
a good research tool. "
E)Even when students turned to more scholarly resources, it did not necessarily solve the problem. Many seemed
confused about where in the constellation （一系列） oflibrary databases they should turn to locate sources for their
particular research topic, Half wound up misusing databases a librarian "would most likely never recommend for
their topic." For example, "Students regularly used JSTOR, the second-most frequently mentioned database in
student interviews, to try to find current research on a topic, not realizing that JSTOR does not provide access to
the most recently published articles." Unsurprisingly, students using this method got either too many search results
or too few. Frequently, students would be so discouraged that they would change their research topic to something
that requires a simple search.
F)"Many students described experjences of anxiety and confusion when looking for resources-an observation that
seems to be widespread among students at the five institutions involved in this study," Duke and Asher wrote.
There was just one problem, Duke and Asher noted, "Students showed an almost complete lack of interest in
—
seeking assistance from librarians during the search process." Of all the students they observed many of whom
struggled to find good sources, to the point of despair一notone asked a librarian for help.
G)In a separate study of students at DePaul, Illinois-Chicago, and Northeastern Illinois, other ERIAL researchers
deduced several possible reasons for this. The most basic was that students were just as unaware of the extent of
their own information illiteracy as everyone else. Some others overestimated their ability or knowledge. Another
possible reason was that students seek help from sources they know and trust, and they do not know librarians.
Many do not even know what the librarians are there for. Other students imagined librarians to have more
research-oriented knowledge of the library but still thought of them as glorified ushers.
H)However, the researchers did not place the blame solely on students. Librarians and professors are also partially to
blame for the gulf that has opened between students and the library employees who are supposed to help them, the
ERIAL researchers say. Instead of librarians, whose relationship to any given student is typically ill-defined,
—
students seeking help often turn to a more logical source, the person who gave them the assigrunent and who,
ultimately, will be grading their work. Because librarians hold little sway with students, they can do only so much
to reshape students' habits. They need professors' help. Unfortunately, faculty may have low expectations for
librarians, and consequently students may not be connected to librarians or see why working with librarians may be
helpful. On the other hand, librarians tend to overestimate the research skills of some of their students, which can
result in interactions that leave students feeling intimidated and alie叩ted （疏远的）． Someprofessors make similar
ass皿ptions,and fail to require that their students visit with a librarian before carrying on research projects. And
both professors and librarians are liable to project an idealistic view of the research process onto students who often
are not willing or able to fulfill it.
I)· By financial necessity, many of today's students have limited time to devote to their research. Showing students the
pool and then shoving them into the deep end is more likely to foster despair than self-reliance. Now more than
ever, academic librarians should seek to "save time for the reader". Before they can do that, of course, they will
have to actually get students to ask for help. "That means understanding why students are not asking for help and
knowing what kind of help they need," say the librarians.
四级模拟 37J) "This study has changed, profoundly, how I see my role at the university and my understanding of who our students
are," says Lynda Duke, an academic librarian at Illinois Wesleyan. "It's been life-changing, truly."
36. None of the students observed in the ERIAL project asked a librarian for help when searching sources, even when
they were in despair.
37. The librarians learned from a two-year, five-campus ethnographic study that students rarely turn to librarians
for help.
38. The most important reason why students did not ask librarians for help was that they did not realize their own
information illiteracy.
39.Open-ended interviews and direct observation were used in the ERIAL project to make a deep and
subjective report.
40.Besides students, librarians and professors are also responsible for the gap between students and library employees.
41. Students rely heavily on the Internet to find sources.
42. Professors fail to connect students to librarians, because they have low expectations for librarians.
43. It surprised Illinois researchers that students were not good at using Google.
44. Before librarians can realize the goal of "saving time for the reader", they first should get students to ask for help.
45. Due to the absence of the newest articles, the frequently used database JSTOR does not necessarily help students
solve their problems.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section． 应chpassage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
You may know the feeling. It's the late afternoon, and you still haven't left the house. You've spent the last
several hours on your phone, scrolling through your Facebook news feed, refreshing Twitter and watching YouTube
videos. A smartphone might feel like it's keeping you connected, but it can also be a way of secluding yourself.
Data from a recent study conducted by researchers at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine
found that the scenario described above--high volume of phone use and a static （静止的） geographic location—could
be linked to depression. The study, published in The Journal of Medical Internet Research, also found that depressed
people, on average, spend more time on the phone than non-depressed people.
"People are likely, when on their phones, to avoid thinking about things that are troubling, painful feelings or
difficult relationships," said David Mohr, one of the study's senior authors and a professor of behavioral psychology at
Northwestern, in a statement. "It's an avoidance behavior we see in depression." Mohr also pointed out that depressed
people tend to withdraw emotionally and avoid going out-behaviors that are arguably facilitated by the constant
entertainment stream available on smartphones.
The study's participants consisted of a mix of people with and without prior depression. They completed a
questionnaire describing their symptoms before agreeing to have their phone use monitored for two weeks. Using GPS,
the researchers tracked their location and the amount of time they spent on the phone. They were then able to identify
which participants were depressed using the aggregated phone data, with 87 percent accuracy.
Sohrob Saeb, a research fellow at Northwestern, said in the release that phones could be more reliable for
diagnosing depression than traditional methods. In standard industry practice, patients are often asked to describe
四级模拟 38their symptoms by indicating how sad they are on a scale of 1 to 10. According to Saeb, the release reported, these
responses can be rote and unreliable. In contrast, the study found, a smartphone can unobtrusively（不引人注目地）
and accurately measure a patient's daily activity, providing data that could trigger a health care provider to recognize
the need for an intervention.
46. What is the author's opinion about using a smartphone?
A) It is only a tool to contact people.
B) It makes people feel lonely.
C) It does great harm to health.
D) It keeps people apart from others.
47. W匝t can be learned from the study conducted by researchers at Northwestern University?
A) Too much time spent on phones leads to depression.
B) Depressed people tend to spend more time on phones than others.
C) Spending more time on phones can help cure depression.
D) Non-depressed people spend little time on their phones.
48. A如rdingto Mohr, why do depressed people focus on phones?
A) They tend to temporarily forget about unhappiness.
B) They feel entertained and amused by phones.
C) They do not have many friends to hang out with.
D) They find confidence and happiness from the phones.
49. What do we know about traditional methods for diagnosing depression?
A) Patients' location is monitored by GPS.
B) Patients describe their symptoms in words.
C) Patients complete a questionnaire to describe symptoms.
D) Patients indicate their sadness on a scale of 1 to 10.
50. Patients'daily activities can be measured by smartphones so that_.
A) they can adjust their living habits if necessary
B) their family and friends can know them better
C) they can get timely health care if needed
D) they will do their best under the monitoring
Passage Two
Questions S1 to SS are based on the following p鲍醮ge.
Executive paychecks might grab the most headlines, but it's top-tier medical professionals who are bringing in the
biggest salaries, according to the most recent Occupational Employment Statistics survey conducted by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Leading the list once again is anesthesiologist（麻醉师），withan average annual salary of $235 070. General and
specialized physicians dominate the 10 best-paying jobs in the country. Further down the list, internists, family and
general practitioners, and psychiatrists continue the trend. According to the BLS, healthcare industry expansion
means that employment for physicians and surgeons is expected to grow nearly 20% between 2012 and 2022—faster
than the average for all occupations.
The lone representative of the corporate org. chart that makes the list is chief executive, coming in at number 10
with an average annual salary of $178 400. W压le the relative absence of the Csuite in the top 10 best-paying jobs
四级模拟 39might raise a few eyebrows, the occupations at the other end of the spectrum pack fewer surprises. The worst-paying
job in America is fast food cook, a job that pays an average of $9. 07 hourly, or $18 870 for those employed full
time, year-round.
In fact, restaurant and food-service industry jobs occupy the majority of rungs at the lowest end of the wage
ladder, with various positions in food preparation, dish washing, and counter and cafeteria service all paying at or
below about $20 000 annually. Shampooers also bring in some of the lowest wages, at an average $9.09 per hour, or
$18 910 annually, as do theater ushers, amusement park attendants, and farm workers.
Perhaps more significant than the difference between wages at the top and bottom of the compensation spectrum
is how many more people hold low-wage jobs than high-wage jobs. According to the BLS, "Most of the largest
occupations were relatively low paying. Of the 10 largest occupations, only registered nurses, with an annual mean
wage of $68 910, had an average wage above the US all-occupations mean of $22.33 per hour or $46 440 annually.
Annual mean wages for the rest of the 10 largest occupations ranged from $18 880 for combined food preparation and
serving workers to $34 000 for secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive."
51. Which of the following occupations earns the most according to the most recent Occupational Employment
Statistics survey?
A) Medical professionals. C) Businessmen.
B) Executives. D) Government officials.
52.Which of the following occupations is at the bottom of earning list according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
A) Chief executives. B) Internists. C) Psychiatrists. D) Fast food cooks.
53. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A) Restaurant and food-service industry jobs are paid well.
B) Low-wage jobs are all in restaurant and food-service industry.
C) A waitress is likely to get a low salary.
D) Shampooers are the poorest people.
54.What does the sentence "Perhaps more significant than the difference... is how many more people hold low-wage
jobs than high-wage jobs." in Paragraph 5 indicate?
A) What makes a difference is that more people hold low-wage jobs than high-wage jobs.
B) People with high income should take the list into consideration.
C) The gap between low-wage jobs and high-wage jobs should be paid attention.
D) There are more people in low-wage jobs than those in high-wage jobs.
55.What can we know according to the BLS?
A) Healthcare industry is likely to shrink in the future.
B) There are a relatively small number of registered nurses.
C) The larger the occupation is, the lower the pay is.
D) Most largest occupations have lower wages.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions:几r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新。 中国政府支持科学家
为了国家需求和科学发展开展基础研究，鼓励他们进行 “ 好奇心驱动的研究 ” 。 在未来50年甚至更长的时期里，中国的
发展将在很大程度上依赖于今天基础研究和高技术研究的创新成就，依赖于这些研究中所必然孕育的优秀人才。
四级模拟 40啜
The Key to Model Test One
�
i
Part I Writing
My Views on Group Purchasing
In recent years, group purchasing becomes increasingly popular in our life. However, in my opinion, although it
is cheaper and more convenient, we should be discreet when facing group purchasing.
There are two main reasons why I say so. For one thing, you might lose more money on group purchasing because
you will buy something you don't really need once you cannot resist the temptation of the low price. That will turn into
another way of waste of money although you intended to save money. For another, the products of group purchasing
are usually not of good quality as those sold at the market price. Just as the old saying goes, you get what you pay.
Therefore, don't follow the group purchasing hastily until you carefully think what you really need and the quality
of the goods. So please keep an eye on your wallet.
ll
Part Listening Comprehension
1. C) 2. D) 3. A) 4. C) 5. B) 6. D) 7. C) 8. C) 9. C) 10. C)
11. D) 12. C) 13. B) 14. B) 15. A) 16. B) 17. C) 18. A) 19. A) 20. B)
21. A) 22. C) 23. C) 24. B) 25. A)
Part][ Reading Comprehension
26. L) 27. E) 28. M) 29. K) 30. G) 31. N) 32. 0) 33. I) 34. D) 35. H)
36. B) 37. F) 38 . I) 39. G) 40. A) 41. K) 42. L) 43. E) 44. H) 45. D)
46. C) 47. A) 48. B) 49. D) 50. C) 51. A) 52. B) 53. A) 54. D) 55. B)
Part N Translation
Swimming is one of the sports favored by all people, irrespective of age and sex. Domestic and foreign researches
have reached consensus that ancient swimming originated from ancient people who lived near rivers, lakes and the
seashore. They had to hunt waterfowl and fish as food in the water for survival. Thus, through observing and
血itating the movement of fish and frogs in the water, they gradually learnt how to swim. In all ages, swimming is one
of the critical survival skills no matter whether it is for hunting, escaping from wild animals, or self-rescue in a
shipwreck.
四级模拟 41The Key to Model Test Two
Part I Writing
My Views on Cosmetic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery has become a controversial issue in recent years as more and more people, especially celebrities,
choose to take it. However, I don't think it's a good idea to beautify oneself via operations.
First and foremost, cosmetic surgery brings about artificial beauty that confuses manyyoung people about the true
_
value of beauty so that quite a few of them focus much on their appearance instead of virtues or personalities. Besides,
once cosmetic surgery is widely accepted by the public, it is unfair to those who have the plain look but work hard for
their dreams. Finally, despite the advances of technology, there are still many risks in cosmetic surgery.
心aresult, I don't support young people to take advantage of cosmetic surgery although it might bring about
benefits for the time being. The true beauty which is worth our respect should be connected with inner heart and
appropriate behavior.
Part ll Listening Comprehension
1. C) 2. B) 3. A) 4. D) 5. D) 6. B) 7. A) 8. C) 9. D) 10. B)
11. A) 12. A) 13. C) 14. B) 15. B) 16. C) 17. A) 18. D) 19. A) 20. A)
21. D) 22. D) 23. C) 24. B) 25. C)
Part][ Reading Comprehension
26. N) 27. M) 28. E) 29. 0) 30. C) 31. B) 32. L) 33. J) 34. K) 35. A)
36. H) 37. B) 38. M) 39. I) 40. E) 41. G) 42. L) 43. F) 44. A) 45. D)
46. C) 47. A) 48. B) 49. D) 50. C) 51. C) 52. D) 53. B) 54. A) 55. C)
Part N Translation
Mountaineering is a sport in which the sportsmen, under specific requirements, climb from low altitude areas to
high altitude peaks with the help of specialized equipment or only through their hands. Different from other sport
events, the competitiveness of mountaineering lies not in the competition and combat among athletes but the athletes'
contending against nature, which is a symbol of hwnan's vitality. It is of many benefits for people to participate in
mountain climbing and camping frequently, such as the conswnption of superfluous fat in the body and the delay of
hwnan body aging.
四级模拟 42The Key to Model Test Three
Part Writing
I
The Importance of Independence of Mind
There is a saying that goes, "Create your own life." What this concise aphorism tries to convey is that we should
live according to our own will rather than live as what others expect us. In other words, independence of血nd is
needed to live happily.
For one thing, with independence of mind, you could clearly know who you are and what you really need, so that
you won't compare unrealistically with others who are born with a silver spoon in their mouth. That's where true
happiness and contentment derives from. For another, independence of mind could detach you from the complex
world and give you the power to face criticism and gossip from other people. Thus, you won't lose yourself in the mess
of life.
To conclude, the quality of life isn't dependent on what we have been given but what mindset we bear.心longas
we work hard and enjoy what we have possessed, we will gain the happiness God bless us with.
Part ll Listening Comprehension
1. C) 2. B) 3. A) 4. C) 5. C) 6. C) 7. B) 8. A) 9. D) 10. D)
11. C) 12. C) 13. D) 14. A) 15. A) 16. C) 17. A) 18. C) 19. D) 20. C)
21. D) 22. C) 23. C) 24. B) 25. D)
Part][ Reading Comprehension
26. B) 27.L) 28. C) 29. K) 30. H) 31. M) 32.D 33. N) 34. D) 35.A)
36. C) 37. E) 38. L) 39.G) 40.J) 41. F) 42. K) 43. I) 44.D) 45. H)
46. B) 47. D) 48. A) 49. C) 50.A) 51. B) 52. D) 53. B) 54. A) 55. C)
Part N Translation
Skating, also known as ice play, had already come into being in China as early as the Song Dynasty when it was
not named skating but "ice play". Ice play includes varied kinds of events such as speed skating, figure skating and
acrobatic skating. Skating not only can strengthen the body's balance ability and flexibility, but also has a pretty good
effect on weight loss. When running around freely on the ice, you can gain both a relaxed mood and the fun of
integrating into nature.
四级模拟 43The Key to Model Test Four
Part I Writing
On the Independence of Young People
In the picture, the son asks his father to save money not only for his education but also for his retirement. Despite
a bit of exaggeration, the picture is a vivid description of a widespread phenomenon that nowadays many young people
tend to rely on their parents for their life and career, particularly for the financial support. However, I strongly
suggest that young people stand on their own two feet.
Self-reliance is a basic living skill for a person to survive. Although it seems to be reasonable to depend on parents
in such an intensely competitive society, young people cannot count on their parents forever. The sooner they start to
support themselves, the more social experience they can gain, and the greater success they will achieve. Besides, just
as the old saying goes, giving is much better than receiving. It is time for young people to shoulder their own
responsibilities to support their families and to return their parents'love.
In summary, young people should learn to do everything by themselves rather than count on their parents. The
only way to success is to hold future in one's own hands.
Part][ Listening Comprehension
1. D) 2. C) 3. D) 4. B) 5. A) 6. A) 7. C) 8. C) 9. A) 10. D)
11. B) 12. B) 13. D) 14. B) 15. A) 16. C) 17. D) 18. A) 19. C) 20. A)
21. C) 22. D) 23. B) 24. B) 25. D)
Part I Reading Comprehension
26. J) 27. E) 28. L) 29. G) 30. M) 31. F) 32. H) 33. N) 34. D) 35. K)
36. G) 37. A) 38. H) 39. B) 40. I) 41. C) 42. I) 43. E) 44. J) 45. F)
46. C) 47. A) 48. B) 49. B) 50. B) 51. C) 52. D) 53. A) 54. C) 55. B)
Part N Translation
The traditional culture of Chinese nation is extensive and profound with a long history. More than 2 000 years
ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism represented by Laozi
and Zhuangzi as well as many other theories and schools that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought.
This is the famous "The Hundred Schools of Thought". From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, the traditional culture of
Chinese nation presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For
example, they lay stress on the kindness and love, on the community, and on the world that belongs to all.
四级模拟 44The Key to Model Test Five
Part I Writing
Too Many Bunlens to Bear
As is illustrated in the picture, the newborn baby is expected to learn to walk, speak and read at 12-month old, an
age when babies can barely make meaningful utterances. This picture vividly shows that fierce competition in modem
time is imposing heavier and heavier burdens on children, who are now deprived of the right to enjoy a carefree
childhood.
It is not difficult to observe the heavy pressures imposed on children nowadays. The time has come to change our
philosophy of education. On the one hand, too many pressures are likely to twist children's mental health, which is
definitely detrimental to their long-term development. On the other hand, readiness to learn should be prioritized over
other factors in that interest is the most potent driving force to learn. One is more likely to succeed when he is
motivated than when he is forced to learn.
It is true that children should start learning at an early age to keep pace with their peers. Nonetheless, they should
not bear excessive pressures, which will hinder their growth.
Part ll Listening Comprehension
1. B) 2. A) 3. C) 4. C) 5. D) 6. B) 7. D) 8. C) 9. A) 10. B)
11. D) 12. B) 13. B) 14. D) 15. A) 16. C) 17. B) 18. D) 19. B) 20. D)
21. B) 22. A) 23. D) 24. C) 25. A)
Part][ Reading Comprehension
26. N) 27. 0) 28. E) 29. G) 30. D) 31. M) 32. B) 33. J) 34. A) 35. K)
36. F) 37. A) 38. G) 39. B) 40. H) 41. C) 42. H) 43. D) 44. I) 45. E)
46. D) 47. B) 48. A) 49. D) 50. C) 51. A) 52. D) 53. C) 54. D) 55. D)
Part N Translation
China is dedicated to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation of knowledge,
technology and institution by creating a favourable environment. The Chinese goverrunent supports scientists in
undertaking basic research to meet the demand of the country and to promote the development of science, and
encourages them to conduct "curiosity-driven research". In the next 50 years or even a longer period of time, China's
development will largely rely on the innovative achievements of today's basic research and high-tech research, and on
the high-quality talents who are bound to be nurtured in the course of these researches.
四级模拟 45
