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六级模拟卷（一）——答案解析
Part I Writing
高分范文 精彩点评
MyViewonSharedBikes ①②开门见山，直入主题，并提出自己的观点：
①Shared bikes in different colors have flooded on the city streets 共享单车不会成为最流行的交通工具。
almost overnight. ②Despite the convenience they offer, it is highly ③④用Firstly和Moreover论证共享单车只能
unlikely that shared bikes will be the most popular means of 为目标客户所用，在交通拥挤的大城市需求更
transportationinthenearfuture. 大。
③Firstly, equipped with GPS and digital locks, shared bikes are ⑤用Secondly论证如果共享单车多度聚集会
only available to the target customers. That means users must have a 造成新的交通问题。
smartphone, download apps and know how to unlock the bikes. ④ ⑥用Thirdly论证如果缺少资金，共享单车会
Moreover, bike-sharing thrives only in traffic-clogged cities where it is 陷入举步维艰的地步。
the best method to solve the problem of the last-mile transportation. ⑦总结上文，指出共享单车是城市交通系统中
⑤Secondly, as shared bikes pour into or out of populated regions, they, 必不可少的，但不会成为最主流的交通工具。
like cars, can inevitably create new traffic problems. ⑥Thirdly, huge 加分亮点
investments must be used to maintain service, update apps and expand flood（大量地）涌入，淹没
operations. In other words, more and more start-ups will flounder traffic-cloggedcities 交通拥堵的城市
becauseoflackofinvestment. last-miletransportation 最后一英里交通
⑦ To summarize, bike-sharing is a must in today’s urban flounder 举步维艰，挣扎
transportationsystembutitwon’tbealeaderintransportationmeans. must 必不可少的东西
Part II Listening Comprehension
SectionA
ConversationOne
M:SoEmily,whathappenedwiththeguyyoustarteddatingrecently?
W:(1)Well,aguyfromoneofmyclassesaskedmeoutonadate.AtfirstIhadacrushonhim,butafteracoupleofdates,I
knewhewasn’tmytype.
M:Well,don’tworry.Therearelotsofotherguysoutthere.Whywasn’theyourtype?
W:(2)Well, I like guys that like to have a good time and make me laugh, butthis guy just wanted to stay athome and play
videogamesallthetime.
M: Well, I think it’s good that you don’t go for guys who play video games all the time. But why did you have a crush on
himatfirst?
W: (3-1)Well, our first date started well because we talked about how much each of us likes movies. But it turned out we
don’tlikethesamekindsofmovies.
M: (3-2)That’s too bad. I remember a few years ago I was seeing a girl who only wanted to watch movies that I hated.
Everyweekendwearguedaboutwhatmovietowatch.
W:(3-3)That’stoobad.Ihopeyourcurrentgirlfriendlikesthesamekindsofmoviesasyou.
M:Actually,Ihaveafriendwhoyoumightlike.Doyouwantmetosetyouup?
W:Well,Iusuallydon’tliketobesetupbecauseIreallydon’tlikeblinddates.
M:Iunderstand.ButthistimeyourshouldletmesetyouupbecauseIthinkmyfriendisreallyyourtype.
W:Well…OK. If you think he is my type, then I will let you set us up. (4)But you have to promise me your friend isn’t an
athletictype.Ireallydon’tlikemuscles.
M:No,he’snot.Infact,he’stheopposite.Youjusthavetotrustme.Iwon’tsetyouupwithsomeoneyouwon’tlike.
W:Alright.BuKevin,ifyourfriendisweird,you’regoingtobeinbigtrouble!
M:Don’tworry.Ipromisehe’snotweirdatall.
第 1 页Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.Whatcanwelearnabouttheguythewomandatedwith?B)
2.Whattypeofmanappealstothewoman?C)
3.Whatdothetwospeakershaveincommon?A)
4.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherchoiceofdate?D)
ConversationTwo
W:Hello,ProfessorWhite,welcometoEducationTodayonSaturday.
M:Thankyou.
W:Howdoyoucommentonthecurrentphenomenonofcollegetuition?
M: (5)Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this
development in education is one that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards,
whatwecandoistoconcentrateonimprovingthequalityofeducation.
W:Yes,you’reright.Auniversity is judgedbythequalityofeducationitoffers.ProfessorWhite, whattype ofgraduatesdo
universitiesofthefutureneedtoproduce,iftheyaretoremainrelevant?
M: (6)I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very
independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today’s rapid changes in
technologydemandit.
W: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both personal and
professional development of students. But still some might believe there is a definite place for education in a broader
sense,thatis,inpersonalintellectualdevelopment.
M: No doubt that.(7)We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about
society.Ifasocietydoesn’thavephilosophers,orpeoplewhothinkaboutthevalueoflife,it’saverysadsocietyindeed.
W:ProfessorWhite,my lastquestion:doyouseeanycommongroundineducationbetweenyour generationandtheyoung
generationnow?
M: (8)Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of our generation’s heritage to education.And the future
of education in acountryrests notso muchonthe constructionof better buildings, labs,etc. , butin the development of
anever-adaptivemind.
W:ProfessorWhite,it’sbeenapleasuretohaveyouontheshowtoday.Thanksforbeingourguest.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofacceptingstudentsonfinancialgrounds?C)
6.Whattypeofgraduatesdouniversitiesneedtoproduce?D)
7.Whatkindofpeopledoesthemanthinksocietyneeds?C)
8.Whatisthecornerstoneoftheoldgeneration’sheritagetoeducation?A)
SectionB
PassageOne
English Language Day is celebrated each year on April 23—the date when tradition says William Shakespeare was
born.ShakespearehasbeencalledthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguage.Hisplayscontinuetobepublished,performed
in theaters and seen in films almost 400 years after his death. (9)Many people consider English as the unofficial “world
language” because it is so widely used. English is the main language of business and aviation. It is the most widely used
language on the Internetandsocialmedia.Thefirst English Language Day wasthe resultof work bythe United Nations.A
few years ago, the UN’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization created Language Days for each of the UN’s six
official languages. (10)The aim was to celebrate multilingualism—the use of different languages around the world—and
different cultures.Another goal was to campaign for equal use of all six official languages throughout the United Nations.
The other five languages areArabic,Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.April 23is English Language Day—the United
Nations celebrated its first English Language Day onApril 23 , 2010. That day, a number of events were held at the UN’s
第 2 页headquarters in NewYork City.This year, the TOEFL program has announced plans for a “live” question-and-answer chat
onthe socialmedia website Facebook.TOEFLis also known as theTestofEnglish as aForeign Language.The group says
theprogramisforstudentsinterestedinlearningmoreaboutitstestandtheEnglishlanguage.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.WhydopeopleconsiderEnglishastheunofficialworldlanguage?B)
10.WhichistheUN’spurposeofcreatingLanguageDays?B)
11.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?D)
PassageTwo
(12)Cities in sub-Saharan Africa are growing rapidly. But will this lead to economic growth? According to a recent
World Bank report, the low level of regional and international trade is one of the main reasons why African cities are
relatively poor. (13)The report suggests that trade in these cities has remained local because most countries in sub-Saharan
Africa depend on natural resource exports, leaving urban economies without tradable goods and turning them into
“consumption cities.” Spatial disorganization is also a key factor; due to inadequate public transport and infrastructure,
these cities are some of the costliest places in the world to live and do business. (14)The reporturgesAfrican policymakers
and governments to act quickly to reform land markets and regulations. Early and coordinated infrastructure investments
that improve urban transport and allow interdependence among sites, structures, and basic services could help build more
connected,productive,andprosperousAfricancities.
AnotherrecentWorldBankreportsaysthaturbanizationinAfrica“hasbeenlate,butithasbeenfast.”InmanyFfrican
countries, national institutions are weak, and industrialization, funding, and services are low. (15)To build a sustainable
urban space, the authors call for more environmentally friendly urban planning and an improved understanding of
urbanization’s impact on the environment. Developing innovative financial planning schemes, such as payments for
ecosystem services, would enable cities to recover the costs of more sustainable urban environment from those who benefit
the most from usingthese resources.Thereporturges us to address theseknowledge andtechnicalgaps soon, becauseonce
theecosystemisdegraded,thevalueoftheservicesitprovidesmaybelostforever.
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?B)
13.WhatdoesthereportsayabouttradeinpoorAfricancities?C)
14.WhatdoesthefirstreportappealtoAfricanpolicymakersandgovernmentstodo?A)
15.Whatisthepurposeofenvironmentallyfriendlyurbanplanning?A)
SectionC
RecordingOne
Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease on the rise around the world. And, not everyone can take the medication that
treats it. However,researchers have discovered that a compound foundin a common vegetable might help treat diabetes. In
2016, the World Health Organization published its Global Report on Diabetes. It says the number of diabetic adults rose
from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Diabetes happens in two ways. If the body does not produce enough of a
hormone called insulin, it is called type1 . Type 2 diabetes is when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
(16)Insulin controls levels of sugar in the blood. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks and
stroke. It can lead to an early death. India is one of the countries that could be facing a public health crisis as cases of
diabetesincrease.AmitJainisachildren’sdoctorinthatcountry.Hesays obesityisoneofthemainreasonspeoplegettype
2 diabetes. However, children who are not obese can also get diabetes. About 300 million people around the world have
type 2 diabetes.A large percentage of these people cannot take a drug used to treat this disease. The drug metformin is a
first-line therapy.This means it is often the first drug doctors give their patients. However, the drug side effects. (17)It can
damage the kidneys and upset the stomach. Enter broccoli. This vegetable has a chemical compound called sulforaphane.
And in testing, this compound appears to work as well as the drug metformin at reducing blood sugar levels in diabetics.
Anders Rosengren, a doctor at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, led the study. “We think this is very exciting
第 3 页because there have been so many claims over the years of different foods, dietary components having different health
effects.Buthere,wehavereally scientifically-basedproofthatithasaneffectontype2diabetes.”(18)Butdonotthinkthat
just eating broccoli is enough to prevent or treat diabetes. You would have to eat about five kilograms every day to get
enough sulforaphane.Thestudypatientsgotapillcontainingaconcentratedformofthebroccolicompound.Itis about100
timesstrongerthantheamountfoundinbroccoli.But,fordiabeticswhohatebroccoli,thatcouldbewelcomenews.
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutinsulin?D)
17.Whatarethesideeffectsofthecurrentfirst-linetherapyoftype2diabetes?B)
18.Whatdoesthespeakerwarndiabeticsaboutattheendofthispassage?B)
RecordingTwo
Google is offering financial assistance to groups that can help people get the skills and connections they need to find
jobs. Jacquelline Fuller is the president of Google. org. On Wednesday, she said, “the way we work is changing.” (19)She
noted, “new jobs require and depend on technology. We want to make sure that as many people as possible can make the
mostof the new jobs, industries and opportunities that are emerging.” She also said, “Google is providing $50 million over
two years to provide financial help for groups working on finding people jobs.(20)Google’s money will first go to
non-profit groups in the United States and Europe.” Later, Fuller said, “groups in other parts of the world will get money.
Google is looking for groups that can do one of three things: help connect job seekers with jobs; do research to find what
kind of job training works best at putting people into jobs; or provide help for low-wage workers who work in the service
industry,suchasrestaurantemployees,cleanersandstoreclerks. Servicejobsarethefastestgrowingcategory ofjobsinthe
US, Europe and many other developed economies.” But she said, “many low-income workers find it difficult to get help
when they run into trouble, such as sickness or injury. Low-income workers often do not get paid when they are unable to
work.” Fuller talked about the National Domestic Workers Alliance, which is already getting financial help from
Google.(21)The alliance collects moneyfrom domestic workers through a small monthly payment. Domestic workers often
work in people’s homes, providing services such as cleaning. That money collected from the workers is used to help
workerswhoneedtotaketimeofftheirjobsdealwithemergencies.
In 2014,(22-1)Pew questioned over 1,000 experts in technology, the economy and job creation about the effects of
new technology. The experts were divided, Pew said.(22-2)About half expected robots and other technology to take jobs
away from large numbers of people. For example, car companies are increasingly using robots, instead of people, to build
cars. But about half the experts expected just as many new jobs to replace the old ones lost to technology, Pew said. The
Pew report said, “these experts believe people will create new jobs, industries, and ways to make a living, just as people
havebeendoingsincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.”
Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
19.WhatdoesJacquellineFullersayaboutnewjobs?A)
20.WhowillgetGoogle’sfinancialassistancefirst?C)
21.WheredoestheNationalDomesticWorkersAlliancegetitsmoney?C)
22.Howmanyexpertsbeingquestionedareinclinedtousetechnologyinsteadofpeople?A)
RecordingThree
The chief executive officers of America’s largest companies were paid an average of $ 15.6 million in 2016, says a
recent study by an economic research group. The Economic Policy Institute published the repot written by Lawrence
Mischel and Jessica Schieder.(23)They say the average business leader’s pay was 271 times what an average worker earns
at the companies they studied. This chief executive-to-worker pay ratio is smaller than it has been in the past few years. In
2014, the ratio was 299-to-1, according to the report. However, it is still much higher than the 20-to-1 ratio between chief
executives and workers in 1965. In 1989, that difference was 59-to-1. In the last 30 years, the salary of chief executive
officers, or CEOs, has grown much faster than the pay of the average workers at the companies they oversee. In addition,
CEO’s pay has increased much faster than the value of stock shares in the companies they lead. To get their results, the
researchers added up employees’ pay, special rights to buy stock at lower than market prices, and bonuses. (24)The
第 4 页Economic Policy Institute is a research organization that studies the concerns of low-and middle-income workers.
According to the website Salary. Com, CEOs are paid very high salaries because their skills and responsibilities are
“extreme.” They say there is only a limited number of people who can perform these job duties. The report also noted the
earningsoflow-paidwageisthelowestamountofhourlypayacompanycanlegallypayits employee.Mostworkersinthe
US earn more than the minimum wage, and many states have a higher minimum wage than the federal limit. However,
workers who earn the least amount of money in the study earn about one thousandth the pay of the highest earning CEOs.
The US federalminimum wage is $7.25 per hour.It has notbeen increased in eight years.According to the group Business
for a Fair MinimumWage, the buying power of that amount has decreased by about15% because of inflation.The issue of
raisingthefederalminimumwagehasbeencontroversial.Manybusinessessaythatraisingtheminimumwagewillresultin
fewer low-paying jobs.Thegroup Business for a Fair MinimumWage disagrees. (25)It said thatraising the minimum wage
forthelowest-paidworkerscouldhelptheeconomybyincreasingtheamountofmoneypeoplehavetospend.
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
23.Whatwasthechiefexecutive-to-workerpayrationin2016?B)
24.WhatdoestheEconomicPolicyInstitutestudy?A)
25.Howcouldraisingtheminimumwageforthelowest-paidworkershelptheeconomy?C)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
SectionA
选项归类
名词：C)collaboration 合作，合著；D)elaboration精心制作，精致；G)patients病人，患者；K)properties特性，属性
动词：A)accelerate加速；E)encased把……包住；F)implanted移植，植入；L)release释放，排放；M)relieve减轻，
缓解（疼痛或不快的感觉）
形容词：H)precious有价值的，珍贵的；J)previous先前的，早先的；N)safe安全的；O)unsafe不安全的
副词：B)cautiously小心地，仔细地；I)precisely确切地，精确地
详解详析：
26.答案：H)precious
详解：空格位于the之后，名词metal之前，故应填入形容词作定语。文章第一段首句提到研究发现金子有可能
被用来治疗癌症，根据常识，金子是一种贵重的金属，故此处应填入H)precious“有价值的，珍贵的”。
27.答案：E）encased
详解：空格所在句主语为fragments，空格位于were之后，句末有动作发出者theresearchteam，故此处应填入动
词的过去分词，与were构成被动语态。结合原文，此处指纳米粒子被包裹在化学仪器里，beencasedin为固定搭配，
意为“包裹于……”，故E)为答案。
28.答案：I）precisely
详解：空格前是介词by，空格后是动词现在分词targeting，故此处应填入副词来修饰动词。该句意为“尽管该仪
器还未在人体上试验，但大家都期待，该仪器未来能在不损害健康细胞的前提下，通过_____击中染病细胞，来减
少目前化学疗法产生的副作用”。 I)precisely“确切地，精确地”与减少副作用构成语义一致，故为答案。
29.答案：A）accelerate
详解：空格前是动词不定式标志词to，故此处应填入动词原形。文章第二句提到金子能提高药效，结合上下文语
义，此处指黄金“加速化学反应”，以促进药品发挥效力，故答案为A)accelerate“加速”。
30.答案：F）implanted
详解：空格谓语分词结构中，且空格前是动词being，故此处应填入动词的过去分词。此处指把仪器植入斑马鱼
的脑中，beimplantedin 为固定搭配，意为“被植入……中”，故F)为答案。
31.答案：C）collaboration
详解：空格前为介词in，之后是介词with，由此推出此处应该填入名词，构成介词短语。该处意为“该研究是由
研究者们合作实施……”，incollaborationwith为固定搭配，意为“与……合作”，故C)为答案。
32.答案：K）properties
详解：空格前是形容词new，之后是介词of，此句谓语为havediscovered，故此处应填入名词作宾语，而后面的
第 5 页定语从句的谓语为were，提示此处的名词为复数形式。备选复数名词中只有K）properties符合语义要求，故为答
案，propertiesofgold意为“黄金的属性”。
33.答案：L）release
详解：空格谓语宾语从句中，空格前的谓语为beusedto，因此需要填入动词原形。该句意为“金子可以被用来安
全地在肿瘤内部释放药物”，故L)release“释放，排放”为答案。选项中的M)relieve“减轻，缓解（疼痛或不快的
感觉）”为干扰项，与上下文语义不符，故排除。
34.答案：G）patients
详解：空格前面为介词on，根据语法判断，此处应填入名词。根据上下文语义：“把金子用于______之前，我们
还有许多工作要做，但是这项研究是一个进步”。此处应该是指病人，这也是研究的目的，故答案为G)patients“病
人，患者”。
35.答案：N）safe
详解：空格前为is，之后是介词to，此处可填入形容词作表语或动词过去分词构成被动语态。该句意为“下一步
要观察这个方法用于人体是否安全”。上文也提到了这个方法的安全性问题，故N）safe为答案。
SectionB
语篇分析
本文介绍了亚马逊与 [A]~[G]段介绍了亚马逊与沃尔玛互相涉足对方的传统产业，并通过作者本人的亲身经历说
沃尔玛两大商业巨头 明商业模式的改变。
向对方经营模式的渗 [H]~[N]段说明现代经济通过规模化寻找商机。而在未来，一旦机器人取代现今低廉的劳动
透，说明巨型公司通过 力，将更加体现出规模化对经济的重要影响。
规模效应来影响市场，
进而指出未来商业发
展的趋势。
详解详析：
36. Traditionally, Amazon is popular among [F]Amazon is the dominantplayer in online sales, andis particularly
consumers in big cities while Walmart is widely strong among affluent consumers in major cities. It is now
locatedinruralareas. experimenting with physical bookstores and groceries as it looks to
译文：从传统意义上讲，亚马逊在大城市备受消 broadenits reach.Walmarthasthousands ofstores thatsellhundreds
费者喜爱，而沃尔玛则更多位于偏远地区。 of billions of dollars’ worth of goods. It is particularly strong in
定位：由题干中的inbigcities和inruralareas定 suburban and rural areas and among low- and middle-income
位到原文画线处。 consumers, but it’s playing catch-up with online sales and affluent
urbanites.
详解：F)段提到，亚马逊备受大城市的富有人群喜爱，而沃尔玛更受偏远地区和郊区的中低收入人群钟爱。题干
中的inbigcities和inruralareas分别对应定位句中的inmajorcities和insuburbanandruralareas，故选F)。
37. Bonobos is selling [C] Men’s dress clothing, mine included, can be a little boring. Like many male office
apparel to the author in a workers, I lean toward clothesthat are sharpbutnot atallshowy.Nearly every weekday,I
relatively lower price than the wear a dress shirt that is either light blue, white or has some subtle check pattern, usually
HongKongtailor. paired with slacks anda blazer.The description alone could make a person doze. I used to
译文：对作者而言，Bonobos buy my dress shirts from a Hong Kong tailor. They fit perfectly, but ordering required an
销售的服装价格要比香港裁 awkward meeting with a visiting salesman in a hotel suite. They took six weeks to arrive,
缝的低一些。 and they cost around $120 each, which adds up fast when you need to buy eight or 10 a
定位：由题干中的 Bonobos year to keep up with wear and tear(破损)。 Then several years ago I realized that a
和HongKongtailor定位到原 companycalled Bonoboswas making shirts thatfitme nearlyas well, thatwereoften sold
文画线处。 threefor$220,or$73each,andthatwouldarriveintwodays.
详解：C)段指出，作者过去经常在香港裁缝处制衣，每件花费约120美元，而Bonobos公司的衬衣每件仅需73
美元，即后者比前者的价格低，题干中的inarelativelylowerprice是定位句中两者价格的对比结果，故选C)。
38.Walmartbought [G]Why are these two mega-retailers both trying to sell me shirts? The short answer is because
第 6 页Bonobos in that it they both want to sell everything. More specifically, Bonobos is known as an innovator in exactly
will help Walmart this type of hybrid of online and physical store sales. Its website and online customer service are
overtakeAmazon. excellent,anditoperatesstoresinmajorcitieswhereyoucantryongarmentsandorderitemstobe
译文：沃尔玛指所以 shipped directly. Because all the actual inventory is centralized, the stores themselves can occupy
收购Bonobos是它能 minimal square footage. So the actual inventory is centralized, the stores themselves can occupy
助自己超越亚马逊。 minimal square footage. Because all the actual inventory is centralized, the stores themselves can
定位：由题干中的 occupy minimal square footage. So the acquisition may help Walmart build expertise in the very
help Walmart 和 areas where it is trying to gain on Amazon. You can look at the Amazon acquisition of Whole
overtake Amazon 定 Foodsthroughthesamelens.Thegrocerybusinesshasawholedifferentsetofchallengesfromthe
位到原文画线处。 types of goods thatAmazon has specialized in; you can’t store a steak or a banana the way you do
books or toys. And people want to be able to make purchases and take home on the spur of the
moment.
详解：G)段指出，Bonobos公司的线上销售和线下销售结合得很好，因此，沃尔玛对其收购的原因就是要在与亚
马逊的竞争中处于有利地位。题干中的bought和overtake对应定位句中的acquisition及gainon，故选G）。
39. The tendency of markets being occupied by [J]But more and more businesses in the modern economy, rather than
big companies indicates that small companies reflecting those diminishing returns to scale, show positive returns to
havenoadvantages. scale: The biggest companies have a huge advantage over smaller
译文：市场被大公司垄断的趋势说明小公司没 players. That tends to tilt markets toward a handful of players or even
有优势。 a monopoly, rather than an even playing field with countless
定位：由题干中的 big companies 和 advantages competitors.
定位到原文画线处。
详解：J）段指出，现代经济中，规模化显示积极收益，即大公司相比于小公司更有优势。市场倾向集中，甚至
于垄断。题干是对定位句的概括总结，故选J)。
40. Nowadays, apparel is probably produced in [M]These positive returns to scale could become even more
developing countries and then transported back to pronounced. Perhaps in the future, rather than manufacture a bunch
theUSforthewhitecollars. of shirts in Indonesia and Malaysia and ship them to the United
译文：如今，服装很可能在发展中国家制造，之 States to be sold one at a time to urban office workers , a company
后被运回美国并售卖给白领们。 will have a robotmanufacture shirts to my specifications somewhere
定位：由题干中的produced和theUS定位到原文 nearby.
画线处。
详解：M)段指出，规模效益显著。当前，在印度尼西亚和马来西亚生产的服装被运到美国后卖给城市中的办公室
职员。题干中的 developing countries 是对 Indonesia 和 Malaysia 的概括；white collars 对应原文中的 urban office
workers，故选M)。
41. With available high technologies [L]Already, retailers need to figure out how to manage
providing user experience, retailers can get more sophisticatedsupplychainsconnectingSoutheastAsia with storesin big
potentialbuyers. Americancities sothattheyrarelyrunoutofproduct.Theyneedmobile
译文：借助高科技提供用户体验，零售商可以 apps and websites that offer a seamless user experience so that nothing
赢得更多的潜在客户。 stands between a would-be purchaser and an order. Larger companies
定位：由题干中的 providing、user experience that are good at supply chain management and technology can spread
和potentialbuyers定位到原文画线处。 those more-or-less fixed costs around more total sales, enabling them to
keeppriceslowerthananicheplayerandentrenchtheiradvantage.
详解：L)段指出，零售商需要通过移动手机终端和网站提供用户体验，实现买家与订单的无缝连接。题干中的
available high technologies 是对定位句中 mobile apps and websites 的概括总结；potential buyers 对应原文中的 a
would-bepurchaser，故选L)。
42. Despite the intense [I] The apparel business has long been a highly competitive industry in which countless
competition, the apparel players couldfindaniche(商机).Anyinsightthatoneshirt-maker developedcouldberapidly
industry can still discover copied by others, and consumer prices reflected the retailer’s real estate costs and branding
第 7 页opportunities. approach as much as anything. That helps explain why there are thousands of options
译文：尽管服装业竞争激 worldwide for someone who wants a decent-quality men’s shirt. In that world, any
烈，但仍能从中发现机 shirt-maker that tried to get too big rapidly faced diminishing returns. It would have to pay
会。 more and more to lease that tried to get too big rapidly faced diminishing returns. It would
定 位 ： 由 题 干 中 的 have to pay more and more to lease the real estate for-flung stores, and would have to outbid
competition 和 apparel competitors to hire all the experienced shirt-makers. The expansion wouldn’t offer any
industry 定位到原文画线 meaningfulcostsavingsandwouldentailalotmoreheadachestryingtomanageitall.
处。
详解：定位句指出，服装业长期以来竞争激烈，而且无数的参与者都能从中发现商机。题干中的 the intense
competition对应原文中的highlycompetitive；discoveropportunities是对原文findaniche的同义转述，故选I)。
43. Robots making clothing would compel the [N]If that’s the future of clothing, and quite a few companies
clothingcompanies unableto develop robots wellto are working on just that, apparel will become a landscape of high
facedifficulties. fixed costs and enormous returns to scale.The handfulof companies
译文：机器人制衣会迫使那些无法很好地研发机 with the very best shirt-making robots will win the market, and any
器人制衣的公司面临困境。 company that can’t afford to develop shirt-making robots, or isn’t
定位：由题干中的 Robots making clothing 和 verygoodatit,mightfinditselfleftinthecold.
developrobots定位到原文处。
详解：N)段指出，服装业固定成本高，规模效益显著。在未来，拥有制衣机器人的公司将有优势赢得市场，反之，
无足够资金研发制衣机器人或不擅长这方面的公司则极有可能被淘汰。题干中的 Robots making clothing 和 face
difficulties分别对原文中shirt-makingrobots和finditselfleftinthecold的同义转述，故选N)。
44. The price for a shirt depends on many [K]The most extreme example of this would be the software business,
factors, including the cost of fabric and the whereacompanyaninvestbottomlesssumsinapieceofsoftware,butthen
laborforce. sell it to each additional customer for practically nothing. The apparel
译文：一件衬衣的价格取决于很多因素， industry isn’t that extreme—the price of making a shirt is still linked to the
其中包括面料以及劳动力成本。 cost of fabric and the workers to do the stitching—but it is moving in that
定位：由题干中的price、ashirt和thecostof direction.And that helps explain whyWalmart andAmazon are so eager to
fabric定位到原文画线处。 putashirtonmyback.
详解：K)段将服装业与软件业的相同趋势做类比，同时指出，制衣的价格与面料及制衣工人的成本相关。题干中
的thelaborforce对应原文中的theworkerstodothestitching，故选K)。
45. Amazon buying Whole Foods shows [A]With Amazon buying the high-end grocery chain Whole Foods,
that the online retailer is now beginning to something retail analysts have known for years is now apparent on
focusonphysicalstores. everyone:The online retailer is on a collision course withWalmart to try to
译文：亚马逊收购全食超市表明该在线零 be the predominant seller of pretty much everything you buy. Each one is
售商开始关注实体店。 trying to become more like the other—Walmart by investing heavily in its
定位：由题干中的Amazon、WholeFoods、 technology, Amazon by opening physical bookstores and now buying
theonlineretailer和physicalstores定位到原 physical supermarkets. But this is more than a battle between two business
文画线处。 titans. Their rivalry sheds light on the shifting economics of nearly every
majorindustry.
详解：A)段指出，亚马逊公司收购高端的食品连锁店——全食超市对沃尔玛造成冲击。二者越来越趋同，沃尔玛
大力投资技术，亚马逊不仅开了实体书店，而且又在收购实体超市。题干是对亚马逊决策行为的概括总结，故选
A)。
SectionC
PassageOne
全文翻译：
（48-1/50-1）据称由于发电厂的大量关闭影响了电力的稳定供应，美国能源部的一份报告呼吁大力建设火力和
第 8 页核能发电站。（46）这份研究结果发布于周三晚些时候，遭到了可再生能源拥护者们的鄙视，但却得到煤炭和核能
行业的赞誉。这份报告与唐纳德·特朗普总统承诺复苏处境艰难的矿业相吻合。但与早期起草案中的结论不同，该
草案曾提到，可再生能源发电的大幅增长不会影响电力供应的稳定性。政府方面之前并未对能源部工作人员拟定的
草案予以评价。
能源部长里克·佩里曾在四月份委托该研究评估包括前总统巴拉克·奥巴马在内的数届政府所施加的“监管
负担”是否对电网造成不良影响，政府曾强制关闭燃烧煤炭和核燃料这类提供不间断电能的基荷发电厂。（47-1）
奥巴马曾制定了众多法令，意图大力削减引发气候变化的二氧化碳排放量。此举加速了废除火力发电站的进程，并
激励新生的太阳能和风能行业，而这些电厂的电能输出十分依赖天气情况。
（47-2）“显而易见，在当今这个竞争激烈的市场中，某些法令和津贴对市场运作有着巨大的影响，也因此令
我们的发电能源结构面临挑战，”佩里在一封介绍此项研究的信中说。“对于政策制定者而言，考虑到自己预期之
内与意料之外的效果都至关重要。”
（48-2）此项由能源部工作人员开展的研究称，廉价的天然气是基荷煤电厂及核能发电厂关闭的主要因素，这
一趋势将国家的众多地区置于电能短缺的危机之中。（49-1/50-2）能源部建议给予基荷发电厂价格优势，同时令此
类项目地获批建设更容易和更廉价。
（49-2/50-3）支持清洁能源的生物多样性中心发言人霍华德·克里斯特尔称，这些建议受到了“危险地误导”。
“事实上，我们可以依靠风能和太阳能保护我们的星球和能源供应，”他说。
而一些煤炭和核能能源集团则赞成总结报告的结论。“这是对美国电力为稳定性和复原力急需且务实的审视，
包括在电力市场变革时保证关键清洁基载电力的优先性，”ClearPath的主任里克·鲍威尔说，他是核能与水力发电
的支持者。（50-4）上周，联邦能源管理委员会新任主席尼尔·查特吉说，煤炭发电厂需要“得到合理的补偿，以
彰显它们为能源体系带来的价值。”
详解详析：
46. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的fromthefirstparagraph定位到原文第一段。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查文章首段的隐含信息。由定位段第二句可知，周三发布的这份研究结果遭到可再
生能源拥护者的鄙视，而煤炭和核能行业则对其称赞。由此推测，这份报告引发了不少争议，故答案为B)。A)“美
国能源部将向发电厂提供津贴”曲解了原文第三段首句的意思，佩里只是在该句提到津贴对电力行业的影响，故排
除；C)“特朗普总统许诺支持传统能源企业”是对定位段第三句的曲解，特朗普只是想要重振矿业，故排除；D)
“让可再生能源发电厂维持电网稳定是不现实的”与原文意思不符，该句只是说大面积关停传统发电厂会影响电力
的稳定供应，故排除。
47. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的RickPerry和Obama定位到第二段最后四句和第三段第一句。
详解：观点态度题。本题考查能源部长佩里对前总统奥巴马先关法规的态度。第二段最后两句提到，前总统奥
巴马曾经制定的法令加速了废除火力发电厂的进程。紧接着在第三段首句提到，某些法令对市场运作影响巨大，导
致发电能源结构面临挑战，可见他对这些法令是持批评态度的，故答案为C)。同时可知A)“十分赞同”、B)“有
些怀疑”和D)“完全不在意”不符合原文，故均排除。
48. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的EnergyDepartment和necessarytoboost定位到原文第一段第一句和第四段第一句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查美国能源部提议支持传统电厂的必要性。第一段第一句提到，美国能源部指出，
火力发电厂和核能发电厂的大量关闭影响了稳定的电力供应，故而提议对此类发电厂给予支持；而第四段第一句再
次强调，关闭基荷煤电厂及核能发电厂将国家的众多地区置于电能短缺的危机之中。可见，能源部支持这类传统电
厂是保持电力供应持续稳定的迫切需要，故答案为B)。A)“复苏采矿行业的承诺”，能源部的报告与特朗普复苏矿
业的承诺相一致，这是作者对此报告的判断，并非能源部的看法，故排除；C)“廉价天然气的巨大影响”是对第四
段第一句的曲解，原文是廉价的天然气是关停活力和核能电厂的主要原因，故排除；D)“对可再生电能需求的增长”
不符合原文意思，原文没有提到电能需求是否增长，故排除。
49. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的Mr.Crystal和“dangerouslymisguided”定位到原文第五段第一句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查清洁能源支持者霍华德·克里斯特尔的观点。定位句提到，支持清洁能源的生物
第 9 页多样性发中心发言人霍华德·克里斯特尔称，这些建议受到了“危险的误导”。根据上下文承接关系，这些建议应
该就是第四段最后一句中提到的能源部建议给予基荷发电厂价格优势，同时令此类项目的获批建设更容易和更价
廉，而这与作者在第一段提到的周三发布的研究结果是一致的，故答案为A)。B)“一份早期起草案中的结论”，由
原文第一段倒数第二句可知，那份草案的结论是支持清洁能源的，故排除；C)“奥巴马总统制定的法规”，根据第
二段和第三段相关信息，其也是支持清洁能源，要求关停传统电厂，故排除；D)“佩里先生对清洁能源的评价”，
原文中并没有正面提到佩里对清洁能源的看法，故排除。
50. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的supporters和opponents定位到原文各相关段落。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查能源部报告的支持者和反对者双方争论的焦点。通过梳理，可知首段前半部分和
第四段提到的美国能源部的先进报告、第二和第三段中能源大臣佩里的看法以及最后一段中煤炭和核能集团的观点
都是赞成对传统电厂给予支持和鼓励，而反对派的观点则集中在第五段，代表性的看法是风能和太阳能既能满足能
源供应，也能保护环境，因此反对再次复兴传统电厂，可见双方争议的焦点为是否应该支持传统电厂，故答案为
C)。A)“是否应该优先发展清洁能源电厂”和D)“是否应该使用行政手段”都只是文中出现在细节信息，故排除；
B)“是否应该补偿基荷发电厂”，补偿只是支持的一种手段，该项范围过窄，不能概括双方的观点，故排除。
PassageTwo
全文翻译：
美国拥有世界上最好的公立大学。任何一个年轻人都不应因交不起学费而被大学拒之门外；也不应为了获取学
位而背上数十载偿还不尽的债务。（51）考虑到公平、阶级流动性和机会均等，我认为慷慨的经济援助应该对所有
有需要的小学生开放，对他们而言，四年大学的文凭是实现美国梦的最佳途径。
但我也知道，美国是由拥有大学文凭和白领背景的人所主导的——（52）这些人过分看重他们自己的成功之路，
并令整个社会不肯接受那些以其他方式获得良好发展的人。我们的精英往往会忽视学徒、职业学校和在职培训等大
学以外的教育的价值。他们常常不能理解很多蓝领工作比白领工作更有成就感。收入更丰厚，需求更大。他们对于
一些文化群体中的智慧也视而不见，在这些文化圈中，如果年轻人不知道如何进行心肺复苏，不会帮助陌生人更换
备胎，或不能与来自不同社会阶层的人一起工作，并且因为他们的礼仪与加州大学或伯克利大学的礼仪不同而感到
生气，那他们将被认为是不具有“文化素养”的。
因此，相较于承诺免除学费，我倾向于一个更加全面的建议：如果大学文凭能使你充分发挥潜能，那么不管你
是什么种族、阶层或性别，你都应该去读大学并且不会因此欠下一屁股债；我们都应重视大学里所做的重要工作。
在我所期待的未来，（53）美国人首先应加倍致力于高中阶段的公民教育。每一个获得高中文凭的人都应已学
习在美国民治社会中工作为公民积极参与其中所需的全部技能。事实上，愿意学习美国公民学的成年人现在也应该
获得这样的机会。
（54）其次，对于每一个获得文凭或普通教育水平的人，我建议为他们的大学教育提供经济援助，或进行类似
的教育投资，帮助他们适应所选择的任何职业，只要他们证明自己的决定有理有据。是的，我们需要对那些只想索
取金钱而不愿回馈有价值的知识的骗子保持警惕。但这个问题不会比现在的状况更严重，因为现在大量投入公立大
学的资金被滥用于行政部门或奢华的校园设施。
最后，为了公平地对待那些选择高等教育以外的发展道路的人，（55）我提议进行法律改革，消除那些文凭至
上主义的职业认证壁垒，以及消除本不需要学士学位的工作对文凭的要求。
详解详析：
51. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的Thefirstparagraph和realizepersonalvalue定位到原文第一段最后一句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查关于实现个人价值的问题。定位段最后一句的后半部分提到，对所有有需要的学
生而言，要实现美国梦的最佳途径就是获得四年大学的文凭，而所谓实现美国梦就是在美国实现个人价值，可见其
最佳方式就是接受高等教育，故D)为答案。A)“付清所有债务”是对该段第二句的曲解，原文的意思是不应该让
求学的学子背负上沉重的债务，故排除；作者建议对经济困难的学子提供资助，并认为考虑到社会流动性这是应该
做的，与实现个人的价值的途径也无关，故排除B)“提高社会流动性”；而C)“获得平等的机会”原文并未提及，
故排除。
第 10 页52. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的theauthor定位到原文第二段。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查作者对社会精英的分析。定位断对掌控美国社会的精英们进行了剖析，指出他们
对自己的成功之路太过看重，因而在教育发展、职业选择、社会文化内容的理解方面都局限于将自己的价值观作为
判断依据，可见作者认为他们的眼界不够开阔，故答案为A)。B)“他们错误的理解了劳动力市场”，认为白领工作
一定优于蓝领工作，是社会精英的一种偏见，但这不能完全代表对劳动力市场的误解，故排除；C)“他们瞧不起社
会阶层较低的民众”，原文并没有明确说明这些社会精英的阶层和等级观念，故排除；D)“他们不能适应多元化文
化”，虽然作者在该段最后一句提到了文化包容性的问题，但是这不能用于概括作者对社会精英阶层的整体看法，
故排除。
53. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的reinforcehighschooleducation定位到第四段第一、二句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查加强美国高中教育的目的。定位句提到，美国人应加倍致力于高中阶段的公民教
育，作者理想中的未来是每一个获得高中文凭的人都已学习在美国民治社会中作为公民积极参与其中所需的全部技
能。由此推测，加强高中教育的目的就是培养出有能力参与社会政治生活的合格公民，故答案为D)。A)“最大程
度的开发公民潜能”和B)“改革美国的公民教育”在原文定位段中均没有提及，故排除；C)“让人们参与到公共事
务之中”在原文中并没有直接提到，在作者看来，教育的目的在于让国民具备这方面的技能，故排除。
54. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的financialaid定位到原文第五段第一句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查作者对有效经济援助的建议。定位句提到，作者建议给每一个获得文凭或普通教
育水平的人提供大学教育的经济援助或进行类似的教育投资，目的在于帮助这些人恰当地选择职业，可见作者认为
有效的经济援助需要帮助人们进行职业选择，故答案为B)。A)“增加对教育的投资”在原文中并未提及，故排除；
C)“对骗子保持警惕”是对定位段第二句的曲解，原文的意思是在进行有效资助的同时也要警惕骗子，但这并非其
有效性的关键所在，故排除；定位段最后一句提到现在的资金被投入到奢华的校园设施上，这是作者所反对的，故
排除D)“改善校园设施”。
55. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的thelastparagraph定位到原文最后一段。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查文章最后一段所做出的论断。作者在定位段中提出建议，要求消除文凭至上主义
的职业认证壁垒，还特别指出，消除本不需要学士学位的工作对文凭的要求，可见作者认为文凭要求要根据实际需
要而设立，故答案为D)。A)“四年的大学教育或许并不值得”，原文第一段就指出，要实现美国梦，最佳的途径
就是接受四年大学教育，可见作者不可能认为高等教育不值得，故排除；B)“职业认证要求从根本上说是不合理的”，
作者在该段后半部分明确提到只有文凭至上的职业认证壁垒才是合不合理的，不能对职业认证一概而论，故排除；
C)“文凭至上主义已经成为法律改革的障碍”是对定位段第一句的曲解，原文建议进行法律改革，消除文凭至上主
义的职业认证壁垒，而不是文凭至上主义成为法律改革的壁垒，故排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
Dining in China is featured with courtesyand manners. From seatingarrangements to the sequence ofcoursesto be
served and from who to initiate the dinner to when to leave the table—everything is clearly defined. At the Chinese dinner
table,themedialpositionfacingthedoorisfortheVIP,andthecoursesareservedinthecold-to-hotandsimple-to-complex
order. Eating won’t start until the person sitting right in the middle has a taste of the food. At the dinner table, the Chinese
hospitality is at its best, as interpersonal relationships among diners are bound to deepen when wineglasses are raised. At
theoutsetoftheeating,thehost,asarule,deliversashortspeechofwelcomebeforehetoastshisguests.Hedrinkshiswine
upandhisguestsfollowsuit.
难点注释
1.第一句是一个长句，可译为两句。“讲究”可译为befeaturedwithcourtesyandmanners。
2.“从座位的安排……明确的规定”首先要确定主句，然后其他成分以状语形式翻译。“座位的安排”可译为seating
arrangements；“先动第一筷”可译为initiatethedinner。
第 11 页3.第三句中，“要等……才……”用not…until…句式译出。
4.第四句中，“好客”是个难词，可译为hospitality；“发挥得最充分”可译为词组atitsbest。
5.第六句中，要注意区分英汉句子的不同，“……之后”在英语中习惯用before来表达。
6.第七句中，“一饮而尽”可译为drinkone’swineup: “也要喝完”可用词组followsuit“照着做，仿效”来表达。
第 12 页
