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2015 年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版
参考答案与试题解析
一、第一部分听力（共两节，满分20 分）
1．（1 分）What time is it now？
A．9：10．
B．9：50．
C．10：00．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
2．（1 分）What does the woman think of the weather？
A．It's nice．
B．It's warm．
C．It's cold．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
3．（1 分）What will the man do？
A．Attend a meeting B．Give a lecture C．Leave his office．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
4．（1 分）What is the woman's opinion about the course？
A．Too hard
B．Worth taking
C．Very easy．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
5．（1 分）What does the woman want the man to do？
A．Speak louder．
B．Apologize to her．
C．Turn off the radio．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
6．（2 分）（1）How long did Michael stay in China？
A．Five days．
B．One week．
C．Two weeks．
（2）Where did Michael go last year？
A．Russia．
B．Norway．
C．India．
【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】BC
【点评】略
7．（2 分）听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题．
8．What food does Sally like？
A．Chicken．
B．Fish．
C．Eggs．
9．What are the speakers going to do？
A．Cook dinner．
B．Go shopping．
C．Order dishes．
【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】BC
【点评】略
8．（3 分）（1）Where are the speakers？
A． In a hospital．
B． In the office．
C． At home．
（2）What is the report due？
A． Thursday．
B． Friday．
C． Next Monday．
（3）What does suggest Stephanie do with the report？
A． Improve it．
B． Hand it in later．
C． Leave it with him．
【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】BAB
【点评】略
9．（4 分）（1）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？
A．Salesperson and customer．
B．Homeowner and cleaner．
C．Husband and wife．
（2）What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer？
A．One with two bedroom．
B．One without furniture．
C．One near a market．
（3）How much rent should one pay for the one﹣bedroom apartment？
A．＄350．
B．＄400．
C．＄415．
（4）Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see？
A．On Lake Street．
B．On Market Street．
C．On South Street．
【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
10．（4 分）（1）What percentage of the world's tea exports go to Britain？
A．About 15%．
B．About 30%．
C．Over 40%．
（2）Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk？
A．Most British people drink that way．
B．Tea tastes much better with milk．
C．Tea with milk is healthy．
（3）Who suggests a price for each tea？
A．Tea tasters．
B．Tea exporters．
C．Tea companies．
（4）What is the speaker talking about？
A．The life of tea tasters．
B．Afternoon tea in Britain．
C．The London Tea Trade Centre．
【考点】17：短文理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15 分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，满
分15 分）请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题
卡上将该项涂黑．
11．（1 分）The number of smokers，__________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in
just one year．（ ）
A．it
B．which
C．what
D．as
【考点】59：关系代词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】正如所报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅一年就减少了17%．
【解答】答案D．这是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，空缺的词为关系代词，故排除A、
C．as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以放在句首、句中、句末．本题容易误选B 项，
把the number of smokers 看成是先行词，这里的关系代词指代的是the number of
smokers has dropped by 17percent in just one year 这一整句话，而且"as is reported"是
常用表达法
故选：D．
【点评】对于关系代词的选择，要分析句子成分，还要结合关系代词本身的用法，加以选择
和判断．
12．（1 分）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to
their greatest potential．（ ）
A．accelerate
B．improve
C．perform
D．develop
【考点】A8：实义动词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】句意：学校应该是一个充满生机的地方，在这里每个学生个体都被鼓励充分发展，
最大限度地激发潜能．
【解答】答案D．A 选项"加快，加速"常见搭配有"accelerate the pace of"；B 选项"改进，提
高"；C 选项"表现，表演，执行"；D 选项"开发；发展；冲洗（胶片），养成"；D 项符合语境，
故选：D．
【点评】本题考查动词辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，然后根据上下文语境锁定合
适的动词．平时要加强动词词汇量的积累．
13．（1 分）﹣Jim，can you work this Sunday？
﹣__________？I've been working for two weeks on end．（ ）
A．Why me
B．Why not
C．What if
D．So what
【考点】JI：语言交际．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣﹣Jim，这个星期六你能加班吗？
﹣﹣﹣为什么是我？我已经连续工作两周了．
【解答】答案A．
选项A Why me？的意思是为什么是我；
选项B Why not 的意思是为什么不呢；
选项C What if 的意思是要是…会怎么样；
选项D So what 的意思是那又怎么样．
根据语境和句意，应该选择A．
【点评】做这类题目，要根据选项的意义、用法及句意来做出正确的选择和判断．
14．（1 分）Much time __________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled
by health problems．（ ）
A．being spent
B．having spent
C．spent
D．spending
【考点】A4：动词的过去分词；BB：过去分词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】句意：因为大部分时间都坐在办公桌前，所以办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困
扰．
【解答】考查独立主格结构．由句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语much time 与主句主语
office workers 不一致，所以是独立主格结构．逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格结构作原
因状语．time 与spend 是被动关系，故填spent．
【点评】解答此类题目首先要分析句子结构找出主句，同时要注意主句的主语与分词的逻
辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，则为独立主格结构．然后再分析分词的逻辑主语与动词的
主被动关系，主动用doing，被动用done．
15．（1 分）__________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but
some won't accept it．（ ）
A．That
B．Why
C．Where
D．How
【考点】79：连接副词；H7：wh﹣引导的主语从句．菁优网版权所有
【分析】句意为：中国伟大诗人李白出生的地点是大众都知道的，但是一些人却不能接受
这一点．
【解答】答案：C． is 之前的内容是主语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据逻辑关系，此处应该是
出生的地方，而不是方式或原因．
【点评】在主语从句中，除了要考虑句子成分，还要看句子前后的逻辑关系．
16．（1 分）It is so cold that you can't go outside __________ fully covered in thick
clothes．（ ）
A．if
B．unless
C．once
D．when
【考点】92：从属连词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】句意：外面非常冷，如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服，千万不要出去．
【解答】A 选项"如果"；C 选项"一旦"；D 选项"当…时候"；B 选项"如果不；除非"； unless＝
if…not，句中"unless fully covered"为"连词+省略结构"，补充完整为"unless you are fully
covered"可转换成"If you aren't fully covered"理解，根据句意及逻辑关系"外面非常冷"可
推知"如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服会很冷．"B 项符合语境．
故选：B．
【点评】本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析．解答此类题目首先要理解题干的意思，其次要
知道各选项的意思，然后依次把各个选项意思放入句子根据语境，不难选出正确答案．关
键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多总结多记忆．
17．（1 分）The university started some new language programs to __________ the country's
Silk Road Economic Belt．（ ）
A．apply to
B．cater for
C．appeal to
D．hunt for
【考点】A9：动词短语．菁优网版权所有
【分析】句意：这所大学开办了一些新的语言课程以满足国家丝绸之路经济带的需要．
【解答】答案：B．apply to 意为"向…申请；应用"；appeal to 意为"对…有吸引力；呼吁"；
hunt for 意为"搜寻，猎捕，寻找"．cater for 意为"迎合，满足需要；供应伙食"，其"迎合，满
足需要"可使句意完整，符合逻辑，故选B．
【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解此类词或短语辨析时，一要弄清句意，二要明白各选项
的意思，从而选出符合句意的答案．
18．（1 分）It might have saved me some trouble __________ the schedule．（ ）
A．did I know
B．have I known
C．do I know
D．had I known
【考点】GB：倒装句；GJ：虚拟语气．菁优网版权所有
【分析】它可能已省了我一些麻烦，要是我知道这个计划的话．
【解答】根据主句谓语动词might have done，可以知道是对过去情况的假设，那么if 从句
中谓语动词则需用had done 来表示对过去情况的假设，从而使得主从句保持一致．当虚
拟条件句的谓语动词是助动词had 时，if 可以省略，从而将had 置于句首，句子倒装．所以
D 选项正确．
故选：D．
【点评】此题考查虚拟语气中if 省略倒装的现象．当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，
should（助动词），had（助动词）时，if 可以省略，从而将were，should（助动词），had（助动
词）置于句首，句子倒装．解此类题时，要根据语境、时间状语或主从句中的谓语动词形式，
来判断是对过去、现在、将来三个时间里，哪一个时间的虚拟假设，再做题．
19．（1 分）The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down．
（ ）
A．wait on
B．focus on
C．count on
D．call on
【考点】A9：动词短语．菁优网版权所有
【分析】全队都寄希望于Cristiano Ronaldo，他很少令他们失望．
【解答】wait on 意为"服侍，伺候"；focus on 意为"集中注意力于…"；call on 意为"拜访；号
召"．count on 意为"指望，依靠"符合题意，故选C．
【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解词义辨析题时，首先要弄清句意，再来选择合适的词或
短语．
20．（1 分）The real reason why prices __________，and still are，too high is complex，and
no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem．（ ）
A．Were
B．will be
C．have been
D．had been
【考点】E2：一般过去时．菁优网版权所有
【分析】过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法
让人满意．
【解答】答案A．根据句意和题干中的 and still are 提示，可知过去的价格也一直居高不
下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态，故选A．
【点评】用何种时态，可以根据句意以及题目中所给的提示进行判断和选择．
21．（1 分）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and __________ review of
the case．（ ）
A．comprehensive
B．complicated
C．conscious
D．crucial
【考点】64：形容词词意辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底的、广泛的审查．
【解答】答案：A
A 项是"综合的，广泛的"；B 项是"复杂的"；C 项是"有意识的，神智清醒的"；D 项是"重要
的，决定性的"．句中thorough 和comprehensive 为并列关系，故选A 项．
【点评】形容词词义辨析，只要分清句子中形容词词义即可．
22．（1 分）Some schools will have to make __________ in agreement with the national
soccer reform．（ ）
A．judgments
B．adjustments
C．comments
D．achievements
【考点】A9：动词短语．菁优网版权所有
【分析】一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革相一致．
【解答】答案B．make judgments 意为"作出判断"；make comments 意为"发表评论"；make
achievements 意为"取得成就"．make adjustments 意为"作出调整"，结合句子的意思，"为了
和国家足球改革相一致"，所以要"作出调整"，故选B．
【点评】此题考查名词意思辨析．解此类词义辨析题时，需结合句意，辨清各选项的词义，
从而选出正确的答案．
23．（1 分）﹣Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party？
﹣Well，you know he's __________．（ ）
A．an early bird
B．a wet blanket
C．a lucky dog
D．a tough nut
【考点】JI：语言交际．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣你为什么不邀请约翰来参加你的生日派对呢？
﹣﹣哦，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人．
【解答】选项A an early bird 是指早起的人；选项B a wet blanket 是指令人扫兴的人；选
项C lucky dog 是指幸运儿；选项D a tough nut 是指难对付的人，这四个选项都是俗语，
根据句意以及选项的意思，应该选择B．
故选：B．
【点评】做这类题目，首先要正确理解四个选项的意思，然后根据句意来选择正确的选项．
24．（1 分）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around __________
Thomas Edison．（ ）
A．thanks to
B．regardless of
C．aside from
D．but for
【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．菁优网版权所有
【分析】要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在收益的许多东西将不复存在．
【解答】A 选项 thanks to"幸亏，多亏"；
B 选项 regardless of"不管，不顾"；
C 选项 aside from"除了，除…以外"；
D 选项 but for"要不是"可用来表示虚拟条件，可用if 条件从句代替．
but for Thomas Edison＝if it hadn't been for Thomas Edison
【点评】此题考查含蓄型虚拟语气． 含蓄型虚拟语气常用without，but for 引出，相当于If
it weren't for…和 If it hadn't been for…，其意为"若不是（有）""要不是"．
25．（1 分）﹣Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave．
﹣I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my __________．（ ）
A．requests
B．excuses
C．apologies
D．regrets
【考点】31：可数名词及其单复数．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣Dave，去向你妈妈说对不起．﹣﹣我想去，但是我怕她不会接受我的道歉．
【解答】答案C A 项是"请求"；B 项是"借口"；C 项是"道歉"；D 项是"后悔"．由"say
sorry"可知，此处应是"道歉"．故选C 项．
【点评】根据情景对话辨析名词词义，只要弄明白对话的意思即可．
第二节：完形填空（共1 小题；每小题20 分，满分20 分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给
的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
26．（20 分）I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel's books in college and was
hooked on his positivity from that moment on．The stories of his unconventional（36）
ideas
and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so（37）
amazing
to me and
had such a big（38）
impact
on how I saw life from then on．Who knew that so
many years later I would look to Dr．Bernie and his CDs again to ）（39）
getthrough
my own cancer experience？
I'm an ambitious（40）
writer
，and when I started going through chemo （化疗），even
though I'm a very（41）
positive
person，I lost my drive to write．I was just too
tired and not in the（42）
mood
．One day，while waiting to go in for （43）
treatment
，I had one of Dr．Bernie's books in my hand．Another patient （44）
noticed
what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me（45）
because
he had one of his books with him as well．It （46）
turnedout
that among other
things，he was an eighty﹣year﹣old writer．He was（47）
actually
a published
author，and he was currently （48）
working
on a new book．
We would see each other at various times and（49）
became
friends．Sometimes he
wore a duck hat，and I would tell myself，he was definitely a（n） （50）
fan
of Dr．
Bernie．He really put a （51）
smile
on my face．He unfortunately（52）
passedaway
last year due to his cancer，（53）
but
he left a deep impression on me and gave me
the（54）
inspiration
to pick up my pen again．I（55）
thought
to myself，"If he can
do it，then so can I．"
36．A．tastes
B．ideas
C．notes
D．memories
37．A．amazing
B．shocking
C．amusing
D．strange
38．A．strike
B．push
C．challenge
D．impact
39．A．learn from
B．go over
C．get through
D．refer to
40．A．reader
B．writer
C．editor
D．doctor
41．A．positive
B．agreeable
C．humorous
D．honest
42．A．mood
B．position
C．state
D．way
43．A．advice
B．reference
C．protection
D．treatment
44．A．viewed
B．knew
C．noticed
D．wondered
45．A．while
B．because
C．although
D．providing
46．A．came out
B．worked out
C．proved out
D．turned out
47．A．naturally
B．merely
C．hopefully
D．actually
48．A．deciding
B．investing
C．working
D．relying
49．A．became
B．helped
C．missed
D．visited
50．A．patient
B．operator
C．fan
D．publisher
51．A．sign
B．smile
C．mark
D．mask
52．A．showed up
B．set off
C．fell down
D．passed away
53．A．since
B．but
C．so
D．for
54．A．guidance
B．trust
C．opportunity
D．inspiration
55．A．promised
B．swore
C．thought
D．replied
【考点】L1：记叙文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．作者读了Bernie Siegel 的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响．之
后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到
Bernie 影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友．在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔，以此告诉读者
书籍给人带来积极的影响．
【解答】36．B 考查名词．根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel 的书，深受书中积
极人生观的影响．此处unconventional ideas 意为"非传统的观点"与上句中"积极的人生
观"呼应．故选B 项．
37．A 考查形容词．根据上文中"unconventional（非传统的）"和"unexceptional（例外
的）"提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异．故选A 项．
38．D 考查名词．have an impact on 为固定搭配，意为"对…有影响"．A 项"打击"；B
项"推，逼迫"；C 项"挑战"；D 项"影响"．故选D 项．
39．C 考查动词短语．根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作．
但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel 积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时
期．A 项"从…中获取经验，汲取教训"；B 项"复习，仔细检查"； D 项"提到，涉及，参考"；C
项"渡过难关"；C 项符合语境，故选C 项．
40．B 考查名词．根据下文中"I lost my drive to write"可知，作者是一名有抱负的作
家．A 项"读者"；B 项"作家"；C 项"编辑"；D 项"医生"．故选B 项．
41．A 考查形容词．句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力．a positive
person 与I lost my drive to write 构成让步关系，可推知，作者是一位非常积极乐观的人
故选A 项．
42．A 考查名词．根据语境作者因为病痛失去了写作的动力，感到太累，故可推知，作
者心情不好．not in the mood 意为"心情不好"．故选A 项．
43．D 考查名词．根据作者生病了，应该是等待治疗，可知，D 项符合语境．故选D 项．
44．C 考查动词．由下文可知，另一位病人应是注意到了作者正在读的书．notice"注意
到"．故选C 项．
45．B 考查连词．根据句意："该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本
Bernie 的书"可知，空处前后是因果关系，所以because 表原因符合语境．故选B 项．
46．D 考查动词短语．A 项"出现，出版"；B 项"锻炼，解决，制定"；C 项"证明是合适的，
令人满意的"；D 项"证明是，结果是"．"It turned out that"是固定搭配，意为"结果是…，结
果证明…"；根据语境"除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家．"可知，D 项符合语境，故选D 项．
47．D 考查副词．A 项"自然地"；B 项"仅仅"；C 项"有希望地"；D 项"事实上"； 根据句
意"事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书．"可知，D 项符合语境，故选D 项．
48．C 考查动词搭配．A 项 decide on"决定，确定"；B 项invest on"投资，花时间在…
上"； D 项rely on"依赖，依靠"； C 项work on"从事，忙于"； 根据句意"他目前在写一本
新书"可知，C 项符合语境．故选C 项．
49．A 考查动词．A 项"成为"；B 项"帮助"；C 项"错过"；D 项"拜访"． 根据句意"我们总
是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友"可知，后来作者和那位病人时不时地见面，也就成了朋
友，A 项符合语境，故选A 项．
50．C 考查名词．A 项"病人"；B 项"操作员，接线员"；C 项"粉丝"；D 项"出版商"． 根据
句意可知，他的确是Bernie 的书迷．故选C 项．
51．B 考查名词．A 项"标志，迹象，征兆"；B 项"微笑"；C 项"标记"；D 项"面罩"． 根据
语境可知，作者原本心情不好，后来交了新朋友，心情也好转了，朋友的举动感染了我，使
我在生活中面带微笑．故选B 项．
52．D 考查动词短语．A 项"出现，露面"；B 项"出发，动身"；C 项"跌倒"；D 项"去世
（死的委婉表达）"．根据空前的"unfortunately"可知，作者的这位朋友去世了，D 项符合语
境，故选D 项．
53．B 考查连词．A 项表示时间；B 项表示转折；C 项表示结果；D 项表示原因；根据句
意"他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象"可知，前后两分句之间是转折关系，
故选B 项．
54．D 考查名词．A 项"指导"；B 项"信任"；C 项"机会"；D 项"鼓舞，激励，启发"；根据
空后的"pick up my pen again"可知，他给了作者鼓舞，作者重新开始写作．故选D 项．
55．C 考查名词．A 项"承诺"；B 项"郑重发誓"；C 项think to oneself"自言自语"；D
项"回答"；根据句意"我对自己说："如果他能做到，我也能"可知，C 项符合语境，故选C 项．
【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，
同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文
难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时
再确定． 第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没
有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．
第三部分：阅读理解（共4 小题；每小题4 分，满分30 分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所
给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
27
．
（
4
分
）
56．According to the Code，visitors should act
A
．
A．with care and respect
B．with relief and pleasure
C．with caution and calmness
D．with attention and observation
57．What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand？
C
A．Take your own camping facilities．
B．Bury glass far away from rivers．
C．Follow the track for the sake of plants．
D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds．
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文大意
不要携带任何有害新西兰的物品入境
保护动植物
恰当处理垃圾
妥善处理排泄物
保护水资源
小心防火
细心露营野炊
不要另辟蹊径，有路走路
处处留意
【解答】56．A 推理判断题．根据文中的副标题可知，去新西兰旅游时不能携带任何危害到
新西兰的物品，要保护动植物，处理好垃圾等可知，游客应该细心对待并尊重自然．故选
A．
57．C 细节理解题．根据文中keep to the track 中的"keep to the track，where one exists，
so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plannts．"可知，在有路的地方要沿着路走，
这样可减少对脆弱植物的破坏．故选C．
【点评】对于有副标题的应用文，解题时应抓住副标题来理解文章的大意，节省解题的时
间．
28．（6 分）In the United States alone，over 100million cell﹣phones are thrown away each
year．Cell﹣phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers
and personal digital assistants．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times
faster than traditional garbage as a whole．
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver ．A Swiss study
reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was
relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration （含量） of gold and
other precious metals was higher in So﹣called e﹣waste than in naturally occurring
minerals．
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals．Even when the machines are
recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in
poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances
to escape into the environment．
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material ，up to
100times more，than the material contained in the finished products．Consider again the
cell﹣phone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to
make the box and packaging （包装） it came in ．Many wastes produced in the
producing process are harmful as well．
The U．S．Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in
that"the production，distribution，and use of products﹣as well as management of the
resulting waste﹣all result in greenhouse gas release ．"Individuals can reduce their
contribution by creating less waste at the start﹣for instance，buying reusable products
and recycling．
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered
or has been put in place as an incentive （动机） for reducing waste．If producers are
required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the
packaging in the first place？
Governments'incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they
produce is usually based on money ．Why ，they ask ，should cities or towns be
responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （气泡垫） that encased your
television？
From the governments'point of view ，a primary goal of laws requiring extended
producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of
waste management from the government and tax﹣payers back to the producers．
58．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that
B
．
A．the weight of e﹣goods is rather small
B．E﹣waste deserves to be made good use of
C．natural minerals contain more precious metals
D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e﹣waste
59．The responsibility of e﹣waste treatment should be extended
B
．
A．from producers to governments
B．from governments to producers
C．from individuals to distributors
D．from distributors to governments
60．What does the passage mainly talk about？
D
A．The increase in e﹣waste．
B．The creation of e﹣waste．
C．The seriousness of e﹣waste．
D．The management of e﹣waste．
【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P6：作者情感态度．菁优网版权所有
【分析】文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施．随着电子数码科技的
进步，产生了越来越多的电子垃圾．手机、电脑和电子元器件等被越来越多地扔掉，里面
含有像金银之类的贵金属，但也含有大量的有毒物质，作者详细地分析了造成这一问题的
原因，并提出了坚决问题的建议和措施．
【解答】58．B 推理判断题．文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃．
紧接着第二段首句"Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and
silver．"指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swiss study 佐证这一观点，据
此可知作者想要告诉我们，电子垃圾值得被充分运用．故答案选B．
59．B 细节理解题．文中六、七、八段围绕"生产责任延伸"展开，最后一段做了总结．根据
最后一段的"a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to
transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the
government and tax﹣payers back to the producers．"可知处理电子垃圾的责任应该从政
府延伸到用户身上．故答案选B．
60．D 主旨大意题．这篇短文主要讲述了电子垃圾被随意丢弃这一现象，文中详细分析了
造成这一问题的原因，并提出了建议．故答案选D"电子垃圾的管理"．而其余三项都只是
概括了文章的部分内容，并不能概括全文．
【点评】健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文．阅读此类
短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等．同时要
抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等．由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章
感到费解．文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有
同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题．
29．
（8 分）Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want
to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to
understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the
work．
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer ．Researchers have identified
several factors that motivate people to get involved．For example，people volunteer to
express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，
and to strengthen social relationships．If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，
people may not wish to participate．To select volunteers，you may need to understand
the motivations of the people you wish to attract．
People also volunteer because they are required to do so ．To increase levels of
community service ，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs ．
Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal
factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because it's important to me"） to an external factor （e．
g．，"I volunteer because I'm required to do so"）．When that happens，people become
less likely to volunteer in the future．People must be sensitive to this possibility when
they make volunteer activities a must．
Once people begin to volunteer ，what leads them to remain in their positions over
time？To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow﹣up studies in which
they track volunteers over time ．For instance ，one study followed 238volunteers in
Florida over a year．One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction
as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer
positions．Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical
advice ．The researchers note that attention should be given to"training methods that
would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for
coping with the problem they do experience"．
Another study of 302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual
differences in the degree to which people view"volunteer"as an important social role．It
was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their
personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．Participants
indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such
as"Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am．"Consistent with the
researchers'expectations，they found a positive correlation （正相关） between the strength
of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer．These results，
once again，lead to concrete advice："Once an individual begins volunteering，continued
efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity…Items like T﹣shirts that
allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen
role identity"．
61．People volunteer mainly out of
D
．
A．academic requirements
B．social expectations
C．financial rewards
D．internal needs
62．What can we learn from the Florida study？
B
A．Follow﹣up studies should last for one year．
B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared．
C．Strategy training is a must in research．
D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice．
63．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work？
C
A．Individual differences in role identity．
B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T﹣shirts．
C．Role identity as a volunteer．
D．Practical advice from researchers．
64．What is the best title of the passage？
A
A．How to Get People to Volunteer
B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C．How to Keep Volunteers'Interest
D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities．
【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有
【分析】文章分析了志愿者为何自发地去服务社会，研究者通过研究发现：人们做志愿者
工作主要是出于内在的需求，因为他们需要这样做，志愿者身份的认可会激励他们继续从
事志愿者工作．
【解答】61．D 细节理解题．根据第二段的"people volunteer to express personal values
related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social
relationships．If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to
participate．"可知，人们做志愿者工作主要是出于内在的需求，故选D．
62．B 推理判断题．根据第四段最后一句的"…training methods that would prepare
volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with
the problem they do experience"可知，志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备，故选B．
63．C 细节理解题．根据第五段第二句中的"those people for whom the role of volunteer
was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue
volunteer work．"可知，志愿者身份的认可会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作，故选C．
64．A 主旨大意题．文章开始假设你是一个组织中的领导者，很可能想得到志愿者的帮助，
并指出在此之前必须弄清志愿者为什么会自发地去服务社会，并通过三个实验研究志愿
者的意图．所以选项A 如何让人们去做志愿者是最好的标题，故选A．
【点评】本文是社会文化类阅读，考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时
一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以
个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
30．（12 分）Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic ．We are facing today a
strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it．
Some 2，500years ago Greece discovered freedom．Before that there was no freedom．
There were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere．Egypt and
Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses．
In Greece，in Athens （雅典），a little city in a little country，there were no helpless
masses ．And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves
passed，and the unwritten，which must be obeyed if free men live together．They must
show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be
very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert．The Athenians never thought
that a man was free if he could do what he wanted．A man was free if he was self﹣
controlled．To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom．They were saved
from looking at their lives as their own private affair．Each one felt responsible for the
welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the
city was his pride and his safety．The essential belief of the first free government in
the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take
responsibility for the state．
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers．It cannot be discovered once
for all．If people do not prize it，and work for it，it will go．Constant watch is its
price．Athens changed．It was a change that took place without being noticed though it
was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole state．It had
been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city．That they could get material
benefits from her never entered their minds．There had to be a complete change of
attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid hercitizens for
doing her work．Now instead of men giving to the state，the state was to give to
them．What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable
life for them； and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and self﹣reliance
and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing．Athens was more and
more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all
citizens had a right to share．
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from
responsibility．There could be only one result．If men insisted on being free from the
burden of self﹣dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease
to be free．Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom．It is to be had
on no other terms．Athens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibility； she
reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again．
But，"the excellent becomes the permanent"，Aristotle said．Athens lost freedom forever，
but freedom was not lost forever for the world．A great American，James Madison，
referred to："The capacity （能力） of mankind for self﹣government．"No doubt he had
not an idea that he was speaking Greek．Athens was not in the farthest background of
his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost．The
Digital Age cannot destroy it．Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea
lives though unconsidered by the world of action．One can never be sure that it is not
on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime．
65．What does the underlined word"tyrannies"in Paragraph 2refer to？
D
A．Countries where their people need help．
B．Powerful states with higher civilization．
C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom．
D．Governments ruled with absolute power．
66．People believing in freedom are those who
C
．
A．regard their life as their own business
B．seek gains as their primary object
C．behave within the laws and value systems
D．treat others with kindness and pity
67．What change in attitude took place in Athens？
A
A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility．
B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city．
C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government．
D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business．
68．What does the sentence"There could be only one result．"in Paragraph 5mean？
B
A．Athens would continue to be free．
B．Athens would cease to have freedom．
C．Freedom would come from responsibility．
D．Freedom would stop Athens from self﹣dependence．
69．Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison？
A
A．The author is hopeful about freedom．
B．The author is cautious about self﹣government．
C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization．
D．The author is proud of man's capacity．
70．What is the author's understanding of freedom？
D
A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age．
B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age．
C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility．
D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility．
【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P6：作者情感态度．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇历史文化类说明文．文章讲述了自由的起源、演变及其在古代文化下的
形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战．自由起源于2500 年前的希腊，雅典人自
由地生活在一起，因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动．后来雅典人
态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，
而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄，造成的唯一结果就是雅典人不再享有自由．作者通过
雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，认为自由需要责任的保证．
【解答】65．D 词义猜测题．根据划线词所在句子后半句"one very powerful man ruling
over helpless masses．"可知，tyrannies 是指拥有绝对统治权的政府．故选D．
66．C 细节理解题．根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他
们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动．故选C．
67．A 细节理解题．根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认
为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡
薄．故选A．
68．B 句意理解题．根据第五段第三句的"If men insisted on being free from the burden
of self﹣dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be
free．"可知，唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由．故选B．
69．A 细节理解题．根据最后一段第二句"Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was
not lost forever for the world．"和"Athens was not in the farthest background of his
mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost．The Digital
Age cannot destroy it．"可知，作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望．故选
A．
70．D 观点态度题．作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这
一结论．故选D．
【点评】本文是政治经济类阅读，考查学生对细节的理解把握和推理判断能力，做题时一
定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个
人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
第四部分：任务型阅读（共1 小题；每小题10 分，满分10 分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内
容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号
的横线上．每个空格只填一个单词．
31．（10 分）People select news in expectation of a reward．This reward may be either of
two kinds．One isrelated to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what
he calls the Reality Principle．For want of better names，we shall call these two classes
immediate reward and delayed reward．In general，the kind of news which may be
expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and
disasters，sports，social events，and human interest．Delayed reward may be expected
from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and
health．
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once ．A reader can enjoy an indirect
experiencewithout any of the dangers or stresses involved．He can tremble wildly at an
axe﹣murder，shake hishead sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself
with the winning team ，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or
dogs．News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later．It sometimes requires
the reader totolerate unpleasantness or annoyance﹣as，for example，when he reads of
the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，
scarce housing，and cancer．It has a kind of"threat value．"It is read so that the reader
may be informed and prepared．When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls
himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by
hard work．When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the
world of threatening reality toward the dream world．
For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable．For
example，asociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its
immediate reward．Acoach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to
play that team next week．Apolitician may read an account of his latest successful
public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account
of a party．In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive
not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of
information and preparedness ．Therefore ，while the division of categories holds in
general，an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to
another，ordivide the experience between the two kinds of reward．
What news stories do you read？
Division of
news stories
•People expect
to get （71）
rewards/rewarded
from reading
news．
•News stories
are roughly
divided into two
classes．
•Some news
will excite their
readers instantly
while others
won't．
（72）
Explanations
of
the two classes
•News of
immediate
reward will
seemingly take
their readers to
the very
frightening scene
without actual
（73）
involvement
．
•Readers will
associate
themselves
closely with
what happens in
the news stories
and （74）
share
similar
feelings with
those involved．
•News of
delayed reward
will make
readers suffer，or
present a（75）
threat
to them．
•News of
delayed reward
will induce the
reader to （76）
prepare
for the
reality while
news of
immediate
reward will lead
the reader to
（77）
withdraw
from the
reality．
Unstable boundaries
of the two classes
What readers
expect from
news stories are
largely shaped
by their
（78）
profession
（ s ）
/int
ention
．
Serious readers
will both get
excited over
what happens in
some
news stories and
（79）
adapt
themselves to
the reality．
Thus，the
division，on the
whole，（80）
depends
on the
reader．
【考点】M5：科普知识类阅读；P2：文中细节．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文为说明文，主要介绍了人们选择浏览新闻时的价值取向，分析了不同人群对
新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反映、异类互渗等角度．
【解答】71．rewards/rewarded 直接信息题 根据文章首句"People select news in
expectation of a reward"可知，空处可填reward 的名词形式，因此这里可以填rewards；同
时它还是动词，"get rewarded"可以用来表示被动意义，因此空处还可填reward 的，故答案
为rewards/rewarded．
72．Explanations 信息概括题 文章的第二、三、四段都是对于两种取向的解释，因此本
题答案为Explanations．
73．involvement 信息转换题 根据第三段中的"A reader can enjoy an indirect reward
without any of the dangers or stresses involved"可知，读者不要真正参在其中，故本空应
填名词involvement．
74．share 信息概括题 根据第三段内容可知，读者的反应与亲身经历的感受一致，因此
读者共享了他们的体验．"share…with…和…分享"，因此应填share．
75．threat 直接信息题 根据第四段内容，尤其是"It has a kind of‘threat value'"可知，
本题应填threat．
76．prepare 信息转换题 根据第四段内容，尤其是"the reader may be informed and
prepared"可知，本题应填prepare．
77．withdraw 直接信息题 根据第四段最后一句"When he selects news of thenews
of the other kind，和usually withdraw from the world of threatening reality toward the
dream world"可知，本题应填withdraw．
78．profession（s）/intention 信息转换题 根据最后一段中不同职业的人阅读新闻时的
不同意图可知，本题应填profession（s）/intention．
79．adapt 信息转换题 根据最后一段中的"a thoughtful reader may receive not only…
but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness"可知，他们不但获取了信息，
而且还会做准备以便能够更好地去适应现实．"adapt oneself to 使自己适应"，因此本空
填adapt．
80．depends 信息概括题 可以看出本句是对文章大意的总结，综合文章所述，不难得
出这样的结论：阅读新闻的取向取决于读者本人，因此本空填depends．
【点评】本题考查任务型阅读．解答这类题时：注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格
的主题句，有助于理解文章，理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这
些标题和表格内容，迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理，同时也可缩小信息范围，确
定考查内容．根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，填写答案时注意工整对称性，要注
意与已填部分的形式保持一致，注意时态、语态、句式等避免出现错误．
第五部分：书面表达（满分25 分）
32．（25 分）请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章．
[写作内容]
1．用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2．结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
3．根据你的分析，从社会规范（rules and regulations）和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启
示（不
少于两点）．
[写作要求]
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题．
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当．
【考点】R2：图表类；S3：议论文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是读写任务型写作，采用了"说明文材料类+图形+提纲类"形式，综合考查考
生阅读材料，识图和写作能力．创新性强，难度大．这类作文可按照三段式模板写：第一段：
概况所给短文要点．第二段：过渡词引出主题句﹣﹣﹣阐述理由或影响．第三段：个人观
点．特别要注意第一段的概括．用自己的语言概括，不能照搬照抄原文．时态一般用一般
现在时．人称一般用第三人称．重要短语：a hard nut to crack（棘手的问题），give rise to
（引发，产生），large﹣scale．（大规模的，大范围的），in chaos（混乱），pedestrian（行人），
be related to（与…..相关），observe…..（遵守…..），be vital to…．（对…..重要）．
【解答】The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack．It not only affects our everyday life，
but may also threaten people's lives．【高分句型】The three selections presented above
are typical examples．（概括）
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem ．In spite of the large﹣scale
construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because
of the ever increasing number of cars these years．【高分句型】What's worse，some
drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules．（分析引起交
通问题的原因）
In fact ，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public
order．Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in
chaos．But rules alone don't secure an orderly society．It is the people who obey the
rules that matter．【高分句型】It is everybody's duty to observe them to keep our
society in order and going on the right track．（个人观点）
【点评】读写任务型写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依
据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要．说明文类材料的概括方
法：主题概括法 （段意合并法）．考生应抓住主题句（关键句），一般为文章第一段和各段
第一句，然后进行段意合并，再用1﹣2 个漂亮的句式整理成文；分析原因时，注意分条称
述，并使用恰当的衔接词，但要避免落入俗套；谈论观点时注意句式的变换使用，避免句
式的单一．另外，文章中要应尽可能多地使用一些高级词汇，为文章增色．
