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【考点】15：短对话理解．
2015 年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版 菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
参考答案与试题解析 【解答】B
一、第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）
【点评】略
1．（1分）What time is it now？ 5．（1分）What does the woman want the man to do？
A．9：10．
A．Speak louder．
B．9：50．
B．Apologize to her．
C．10：00．
C．Turn off the radio．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
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【分析】略
【分析】略
【解答】A
【解答】C
【点评】略
【点评】略
2．（1分）What does the woman think of the weather？ 6．（2分）（1）How long did Michael stay in China？
A．It's nice．
A．Five days．
B．It's warm．
B．One week．
C．It's cold．
C．Two weeks．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
（2）Where did Michael go last year？
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【分析】略
A．Russia．
【解答】略
B．Norway．
【点评】略
C．India．
3．（1分）What will the man do？
【考点】16：长对话理解．
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A．Attend a meeting B．Give a lecture C．Leave his office．
【分析】略
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【解答】BC
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【分析】略
【点评】略
【解答】A
7．（2分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．
【点评】略
8．What food does Sally like？
4．（1分）What is the woman's opinion about the course？
A．Chicken．
A．Too hard
B．Fish．
B．Worth taking
C．Eggs．
C．Very easy．
9．What are the speakers going to do？A．Cook dinner． C．One near a market．
B．Go shopping． （3）How much rent should one pay for the one﹣bedroom apartment？
C．Order dishes． A．＄350．
【考点】16：长对话理解． B．＄400．
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【分析】略 C．＄415．
【解答】BC （4）Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see？
【点评】略 A．On Lake Street．
8．（3分）（1）Where are the speakers？ B．On Market Street．
A． In a hospital． C．On South Street．
B． In the office． 【考点】16：长对话理解．
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C． At home． 【分析】略
（2）What is the report due？ 【解答】略
A． Thursday． 【点评】略
B． Friday． 10．（4分）（1）What percentage of the world's tea exports go to Britain？
C． Next Monday． A．About 15%．
（3）What does suggest Stephanie do with the report？ B．About 30%．
A． Improve it． C．Over 40%．
B． Hand it in later． （2）Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk？
C． Leave it with him． A．Most British people drink that way．
【考点】16：长对话理解． B．Tea tastes much better with milk．
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【分析】略 C．Tea with milk is healthy．
【解答】BAB （3）Who suggests a price for each tea？
【点评】略 A．Tea tasters．
9．（4分）（1）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ B．Tea exporters．
A．Salesperson and customer． C．Tea companies．
B．Homeowner and cleaner． （4）What is the speaker talking about？
C．Husband and wife． A．The life of tea tasters．
（2）What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer？ B．Afternoon tea in Britain．
A．One with two bedroom． C．The London Tea Trade Centre．
B．One without furniture． 【考点】17：短文理解．
菁优网版权所有【分析】略 A．Why me B．Why not C．What if D．So what
【解答】略 【考点】JI：语言交际．
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【点评】略 【分析】﹣﹣﹣Jim，这个星期六你能加班吗？
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请 ﹣﹣﹣为什么是我？我已经连续工作两周了．
阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． 【解答】答案A．
11．（1分）The number of smokers，__________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year． 选项A Why me？的意思是为什么是我；
（ ） 选项B Why not的意思是为什么不呢；
A．it B．which C．what D．as 选项C What if的意思是要是…会怎么样；
【考点】59：关系代词． 选项D So what的意思是那又怎么样．
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【分析】正如所报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅一年就减少了17%． 根据语境和句意，应该选择A．
【解答】答案D．这是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，空缺的词为关系代词，故排除 A、C．as引导的非 【点评】做这类题目，要根据选项的意义、用法及句意来做出正确的选择和判断．
限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以放在句首、句中、句末．本题容易误选B项，把the number of smokers看成 14．（1 分）Much time __________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health
是先行词，这里的关系代词指代的是the number of smokers has dropped by 17percent in just one year这一
problems．（ ）
A．being spent B．having spent
整句话，而且"as is reported"是常用表达法
C．spent D．spending
故选：D．
【考点】A4：动词的过去分词；BB：过去分词．
【点评】对于关系代词的选择，要分析句子成分，还要结合关系代词本身的用法，加以选择和判断．
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【分析】句意：因为大部分时间都坐在办公桌前，所以办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰．
12．（1 分）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest
【解答】考查独立主格结构．由句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语much time与主句主语office workers不一致，
potential．（ ）
所以是独立主格结构．逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格结构作原因状语．time与spend是被动关系，故填
A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop
【考点】A8：实义动词．
spent．
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【点评】解答此类题目首先要分析句子结构找出主句，同时要注意主句的主语与分词的逻辑主语是否一致，
【分析】句意：学校应该是一个充满生机的地方，在这里每个学生个体都被鼓励充分发展，最大限度地激发
潜能．
如果不一致，则为独立主格结构．然后再分析分词的逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系，主动用 doing，被动用
【解答】答案D．A选项"加快，加速"常见搭配有"accelerate the pace of"；B选项"改进，提高"；C选项"表 done．
现，表演，执行"；D选项"开发；发展；冲洗（胶片），养成"；D项符合语境， 15．（1分）__________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't
故选：D． accept it．（ ）
【点评】本题考查动词辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的动词．平时要 A．That B．Why C．Where D．How
加强动词词汇量的积累．
【考点】79：连接副词；H7：wh﹣引导的主语从句．
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13．（1分）﹣Jim，can you work this Sunday？ 【分析】句意为：中国伟大诗人李白出生的地点是大众都知道的，但是一些人却不能接受这一点．
﹣__________？I've been working for two weeks on end．（ ） 【解答】答案：C． is之前的内容是主语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据逻辑关系，此处应该是出生的地方，而不是方式或原因． 【解答】根据主句谓语动词might have done，可以知道是对过去情况的假设，那么if从句中谓语动词则需用
【点评】在主语从句中，除了要考虑句子成分，还要看句子前后的逻辑关系． had done来表示对过去情况的假设，从而使得主从句保持一致．当虚拟条件句的谓语动词是助动词had时，
16．（1分）It is so cold that you can't go outside __________ fully covered in thick clothes．（ ） if可以省略，从而将had置于句首，句子倒装．所以D选项正确．
A．if B．unless C．once D．when
故选：D．
【考点】92：从属连词．
【点评】此题考查虚拟语气中if省略倒装的现象．当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were，should（助动词），
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【分析】句意：外面非常冷，如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服，千万不要出去．
had（助动词）时，if可以省略，从而将were，should（助动词），had（助动词）置于句首，句子倒装．解
【解答】A选项"如果"；C选项"一旦"；D选项"当…时候"；B选项"如果不；除非"； unless＝if…not，句
此类题时，要根据语境、时间状语或主从句中的谓语动词形式，来判断是对过去、现在、将来三个时间里，
中"unless fully covered"为"连词+省略结构"，补充完整为"unless you are fully covered"可转换成"If you
哪一个时间的虚拟假设，再做题．
aren't fully covered"理解，根据句意及逻辑关系"外面非常冷"可推知"如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服会很冷．"B
19．（1分）The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down．（ ）
项符合语境．
A．wait on B．focus on C．count on D．call on
故选：B．
【考点】A9：动词短语．
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【点评】本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析．解答此类题目首先要理解题干的意思，其次要知道各选项的意思，
【分析】全队都寄希望于Cristiano Ronaldo，他很少令他们失望．
然后依次把各个选项意思放入句子根据语境，不难选出正确答案．关键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多 【解答】wait on 意为"服侍，伺候"；focus on意为"集中注意力于…"；call on意为"拜访；号召"．count on
总结多记忆． 意为"指望，依靠"符合题意，故选C．
17．（1 分）The university started some new language programs to __________ the country's Silk Road 【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解词义辨析题时，首先要弄清句意，再来选择合适的词或短语．
Economic Belt．（ ） 20．（1 分）The real reason why prices __________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short
A．apply to B．cater for C．appeal to D．hunt for discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem．（ ）
【考点】A9：动词短语． A．Were B．will be C．have been D．had been
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【分析】句意：这所大学开办了一些新的语言课程以满足国家丝绸之路经济带的需要． 【考点】E2：一般过去时．
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【解答】答案：B．apply to意为"向…申请；应用"；appeal to意为"对…有吸引力；呼吁"；hunt for意为"搜
【分析】过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意．
寻，猎捕，寻找"．cater for意为"迎合，满足需要；供应伙食"，其"迎合，满足需要"可使句意完整，符合逻 【解答】答案A．根据句意和题干中的 and still are 提示，可知过去的价格也一直居高不下，故用一般过去
辑，故选B． 时，表示过去的状态，故选A．
【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解此类词或短语辨析时，一要弄清句意，二要明白各选项的意思，从而选 【点评】用何种时态，可以根据句意以及题目中所给的提示进行判断和选择．
出符合句意的答案． 21．（1分）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and __________ review of the case．（ ）
18．（1分）It might have saved me some trouble __________ the schedule．（ ） A．comprehensive B．complicated
A．did I know B．have I known C．conscious D．crucial
C．do I know D．had I known 【考点】64：形容词词意辨析．
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【考点】GB：倒装句；GJ：虚拟语气． 【分析】警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底的、广泛的审查．
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【分析】它可能已省了我一些麻烦，要是我知道这个计划的话． 【解答】答案：AA项是"综合的，广泛的"；B项是"复杂的"；C项是"有意识的，神智清醒的"；D项是"重要的，决定性的"． C．aside from D．but for
句中thorough和comprehensive为并列关系，故选A项． 【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．
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【点评】形容词词义辨析，只要分清句子中形容词词义即可． 【分析】要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在收益的许多东西将不复存在．
22．（1分）Some schools will have to make __________ in agreement with the national soccer reform．（ 【解答】A选项 thanks to"幸亏，多亏"；
） B选项 regardless of"不管，不顾"；
A．judgments B．adjustments C选项 aside from"除了，除…以外"；
C．comments D．achievements D选项 but for"要不是"可用来表示虚拟条件，可用if条件从句代替．
【考点】A9：动词短语． but for Thomas Edison＝if it hadn't been for Thomas Edison
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【分析】一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革相一致． 【点评】此题考查含蓄型虚拟语气． 含蓄型虚拟语气常用 without，but for引出，相当于If it weren't for…
【解答】答案B．make judgments意为"作出判断"；make comments意为"发表评论"；make achievements意 和 If it hadn't been for…，其意为"若不是（有）""要不是"．
为"取得成就"．make adjustments意为"作出调整"，结合句子的意思，"为了和国家足球改革相一致"，所以 25．（1分）﹣Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave．
要"作出调整"，故选B． ﹣I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my __________．（ ）
A．requests B．excuses C．apologies D．regrets
【点评】此题考查名词意思辨析．解此类词义辨析题时，需结合句意，辨清各选项的词义，从而选出正确的
【考点】31：可数名词及其单复数．
答案．
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【分析】﹣﹣Dave，去向你妈妈说对不起．﹣﹣我想去，但是我怕她不会接受我的道歉．
23．（1分）﹣Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party？
【解答】答案C A项是"请求"；B项是"借口"；C项是"道歉"；D项是"后悔"．由"say sorry"可知，此处应
﹣Well，you know he's __________．（ ）
A．an early bird B．a wet blanket 是"道歉"．故选C项．
C．a lucky dog D．a tough nut 【点评】根据情景对话辨析名词词义，只要弄明白对话的意思即可．
【考点】JI：语言交际．
第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、
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【分析】﹣﹣你为什么不邀请约翰来参加你的生日派对呢？ D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
﹣﹣哦，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人． 26．（20分）I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel's books in college and was hooked on his positivity
【解答】选项A an early bird 是指早起的人；选项B a wet blanket是指令人扫兴的人；选项C lucky dog from that moment on．The stories of his unconventional（36） ideas and the exceptional patients he
是指幸运儿；选项D a tough nut是指难对付的人，这四个选项都是俗语，根据句意以及选项的意思，应该 wrote about were so（37） amazin g to me and had such a big（38） impac t on how I saw life from
选择B． then on．Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr．Bernie and his CDs again to ）（39）
故选：B． getthrough my own cancer experience？
【点评】做这类题目，首先要正确理解四个选项的意思，然后根据句意来选择正确的选项． I'm an ambitious（40） write r ，and when I started going through chemo （化疗），even though I'm a
24．（1分）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around __________ Thomas Edison．（ very（41） positiv e person，I lost my drive to write．I was just too tired and not in the（42） mood
） ．One day，while waiting to go in for （43） treatmen t ，I had one of Dr．Bernie's books in my
A．thanks to B．regardless of
hand．Another patient （44） noticed what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me（45）because he had one of his books with him as well．It （46） turnedou t that among other things，he 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响．之后作者不幸身患
was an eighty﹣year﹣old writer．He was（47） actually a published author，and he was currently 癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到 Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友．
（48） workin g on a new book． 在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔，以此告诉读者书籍给人带来积极的影响．
We would see each other at various times and（49） becam e friends．Sometimes he wore a duck hat， 【解答】36．B 考查名词．根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影
and I would tell myself，he was definitely a（n） （50） fan of Dr．Bernie．He really put a （51） 响．此处unconventional ideas意为"非传统的观点"与上句中"积极的人生观"呼应．故选B项．
smile on my face．He unfortunately（52） passedaway last year due to his cancer，（53） bu t he 37．A 考查形容词．根据上文中"unconventional（非传统的）"和"unexceptional（例外的）"提示可知，他
left a deep impression on me and gave me the（54） inspiration to pick up my pen again．I（55） 书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异．故选A项．
thought to myself，"If he can do it，then so can I．" 38．D 考查名词．have an impact on为固定搭配，意为"对…有影响"．A项"打击"；B项"推，逼迫"；C
项"挑战"；D项"影响"．故选D项．
36．A．tastes B．ideas C．notes D．memories 39．C 考查动词短语．根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作．但病友的执着和
37．A．amazing B．shocking C．amusing D．strange Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期．A项"从…中获取经验，汲取教
38．A．strike B．push C．challenge D．impact 训"；B项"复习，仔细检查"； D项"提到，涉及，参考"；C项"渡过难关"；C项符合语境，故选C项．
39．A．learn from B．go over C．get through D．refer to 40．B 考查名词．根据下文中"I lost my drive to write"可知，作者是一名有抱负的作家．A项"读者"；B
40．A．reader B．writer C．editor D．doctor
项"作家"；C项"编辑"；D项"医生"．故选B项．
41．A．positive B．agreeable C．humorous D．honest
41．A 考查形容词．句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力．a positive person与I lost
42．A．mood B．position C．state D．way
my drive to write构成让步关系，可推知，作者是一位非常积极乐观的人．故选A项．
43．A．advice B．reference C．protection D．treatment
42．A 考查名词．根据语境作者因为病痛失去了写作的动力，感到太累，故可推知，作者心情不好．not
44．A．viewed B．knew C．noticed D．wondered
in the mood意为"心情不好"．故选A项．
45．A．while B．because C．although D．providing
43．D 考查名词．根据作者生病了，应该是等待治疗，可知，D项符合语境．故选D项．
46．A．came out B．worked out C．proved out D．turned out
44．C 考查动词．由下文可知，另一位病人应是注意到了作者正在读的书．notice"注意到"．故选C项．
47．A．naturally B．merely C．hopefully D．actually
45．B 考查连词．根据句意："该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本 Bernie的书"可知，空
48．A．deciding B．investing C．working D．relying
处前后是因果关系，所以because表原因符合语境．故选B项．
49．A．became B．helped C．missed D．visited
46．D 考查动词短语．A项"出现，出版"；B项"锻炼，解决，制定"；C项"证明是合适的，令人满意的"；
50．A．patient B．operator C．fan D．publisher
D项"证明是，结果是"．"It turned out that"是固定搭配，意为"结果是…，结果证明…"；根据语境"除此之外，
51．A．sign B．smile C．mark D．mask
他是一位八十岁的作家．"可知，D项符合语境，故选D项．
52．A．showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away
47．D 考查副词．A项"自然地"；B项"仅仅"；C项"有希望地"；D项"事实上"； 根据句意"事实上，他
53．A．since B．but C．so D．for
是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书．"可知，D项符合语境，故选D项．
54．A．guidance B．trust C．opportunity D．inspiration
48．C 考查动词搭配．A项 decide on"决定，确定"；B项invest on"投资，花时间在…上"； D项rely
55．A．promised B．swore C．thought D．replied
on"依赖，依靠"； C项work on"从事，忙于"； 根据句意"他目前在写一本新书"可知，C项符合语境．故选
【考点】L1：记叙文．
菁优网版权所有C项．
49．A 考查动词．A项"成为"；B项"帮助"；C项"错过"；D项"拜访"． 根据句意"我们总是在许多时候
见到对方，成了朋友"可知，后来作者和那位病人时不时地见面，也就成了朋友，A项符合语境，故选A项．
50．C 考查名词．A项"病人"；B项"操作员，接线员"；C项"粉丝"；D项"出版商"． 根据句意可知，他
的确是Bernie的书迷．故选C项．
51．B 考查名词．A项"标志，迹象，征兆"；B项"微笑"；C项"标记"；D项"面罩"． 根据语境可知，作
者原本心情不好，后来交了新朋友，心情也好转了，朋友的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑．故选 B
项．
52．D 考查动词短语．A项"出现，露面"；B项"出发，动身"；C项"跌倒"；D项"去世（死的委婉表
达）"．根据空前的"unfortunately"可知，作者的这位朋友去世了，D项符合语境，故选D项．
53．B 考查连词．A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因；根据句意"他去年不幸
死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象"可知，前后两分句之间是转折关系，故选B项．
54．D 考查名词．A项"指导"；B项"信任"；C项"机会"；D项"鼓舞，激励，启发"；根据空后的"pick
up my pen again"可知，他给了作者鼓舞，作者重新开始写作．故选D项．
55．C 考查名词．A项"承诺"；B项"郑重发誓"；C项think to oneself"自言自语"；D项"回答"；根据句
意"我对自己说："如果他能做到，我也能"可知，C项符合语境，故选C项．
【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一
批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对
和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定． 第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度
出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．
第三部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题4分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、
D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
27．（4分）
56．According to the Code，visitors should act A ．
A．with care and respect
B．with relief and pleasure
C．with caution and calmness
D．with attention and observation57．What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand？ C Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals．Even when the machines are recycled and the
A．Take your own camping facilities． harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically
B．Bury glass far away from rivers． uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment．
C．Follow the track for the sake of plants． Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100times more，than the
D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds．
material contained in the finished products．Consider again the cell﹣phone，and imagine the mines that
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．
菁优网版权所有 produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging（包装） it came in．Many
【分析】本文大意
wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well．
不要携带任何有害新西兰的物品入境
The U．S．Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production，
保护动植物
distribution，and use of products﹣as well as management of the resulting waste﹣all result in greenhouse
恰当处理垃圾
gas release．"Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start﹣for instance，
妥善处理排泄物
buying reusable products and recycling．
保护水资源
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in
小心防火
place as an incentive （动机） for reducing waste．If producers are required to take back packaging they
细心露营野炊
use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place？
不要另辟蹊径，有路走路
Governments'incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually
处处留意
【解答】56．A 推理判断题．根据文中的副标题可知，去新西兰旅游时不能携带任何危害到新西兰的物品， based on money．Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble
要保护动植物，处理好垃圾等可知，游客应该细心对待并尊重自然．故选A． wrap （气泡垫） that encased your television？
57．C 细节理解题．根据文中 keep to the track中的"keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen From the governments'point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to
the chance of damaging fragile plannts．"可知，在有路的地方要沿着路走，这样可减少对脆弱植物的破坏． transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax﹣
故选C． payers back to the producers．
【点评】对于有副标题的应用文，解题时应抓住副标题来理解文章的大意，节省解题的时间．
28．（6 分）In the United States alone，over 100million cell﹣phones are thrown away each year．Cell﹣ 58．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that B ．
A．the weight of e﹣goods is rather small
phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants．
B．E﹣waste deserves to be made good use of
The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole．
C．natural minerals contain more precious metals
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver．A Swiss study reported that while the
D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e﹣waste
weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total
59．The responsibility of e﹣waste treatment should be extended B ．
waste，the concentration （含量） of gold and other precious metals was higher in So﹣called e﹣waste
A．from producers to governments
than in naturally occurring minerals．
B．from governments to producersC．from individuals to distributors Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer．Researchers have identified several factors that
D．from distributors to governments motivate people to get involved．For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to
60．What does the passage mainly talk about？ D unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．If volunteer
A．The increase in e﹣waste．
positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate．To select volunteers，you may need
B．The creation of e﹣waste．
to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract．
C．The seriousness of e﹣waste．
People also volunteer because they are required to do so．To increase levels of community service，some
D．The management of e﹣waste．
schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs．Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's
【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P6：作者情感态度．
菁优网版权所有 wish of participation from an internal factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because it's important to me"） to an
【分析】文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施．随着电子数码科技的进步，产生了越来
external factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because I'm required to do so"）．When that happens，people
越多的电子垃圾．手机、电脑和电子元器件等被越来越多地扔掉，里面含有像金银之类的贵金属，但也含有
become less likely to volunteer in the future．People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make
大量的有毒物质，作者详细地分析了造成这一问题的原因，并提出了坚决问题的建议和措施．
volunteer activities a must．
【解答】58．B 推理判断题．文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃．紧接着第二段首
Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time？To answer this
句"Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver．"指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，
question，researchers have conducted follow﹣up studies in which they track volunteers over time．For
如金和银，并用Swiss study佐证这一观点，据此可知作者想要告诉我们，电子垃圾值得被充分运用．故答
instance，one study followed 238volunteers in Florida over a year．One of the most important factors that
案选B．
influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer
59．B 细节理解题．文中六、七、八段围绕"生产责任延伸"展开，最后一段做了总结．根据最后一段的"a
positions．Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice．The researchers
primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical
note that attention should be given to"training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome
responsibility of waste management from the government and tax﹣payers back to the producers．"可知处理
situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience"．
电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到用户身上．故答案选B．
Another study of 302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to
60．D 主旨大意题．这篇短文主要讲述了电子垃圾被随意丢弃这一现象，文中详细分析了造成这一问题的原
which people view"volunteer"as an important social role．It was assumed that those people for whom the
因，并提出了建议．故答案选D"电子垃圾的管理"．而其余三项都只是概括了文章的部分内容，并不能概括
role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer
全文．
work．Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such
【点评】健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文．阅读此类短文要以现象或事
as"Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am ． "Consistent with the
物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等．同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等．
researchers'expectations，they found a positive correlation （正相关） between the strength of role identity
由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解．文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时
and the length of time people continued to volunteer．These results，once again，lead to concrete
候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题．
advice："Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer
29．（8 分）Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want to have
role identity…Items like T﹣shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can
volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people
help strengthen role identity"．
undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience"可知，
61．People volunteer mainly out of D ． 志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备，故选B．
A．academic requirements 63．C 细节理解题．根据第五段第二句中的"those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of
B．social expectations their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．"可知，志愿者身份的认可会
C．financial rewards
激励他们继续从事志愿者工作，故选C．
D．internal needs
64．A 主旨大意题．文章开始假设你是一个组织中的领导者，很可能想得到志愿者的帮助，并指出在此之前
62．What can we learn from the Florida study？ B
必须弄清志愿者为什么会自发地去服务社会，并通过三个实验研究志愿者的意图．所以选项A如何让人们去
A．Follow﹣up studies should last for one year．
做志愿者是最好的标题，故选A．
B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared．
【点评】本文是社会文化类阅读，考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中
C．Strategy training is a must in research．
的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要
D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice．
根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
63．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work？ C
30．（12分）Freedom and Responsibility
A．Individual differences in role identity．
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic．We are facing today a strange new world and
B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T﹣shirts．
we are all wondering what we are going to do with it．
C．Role identity as a volunteer．
Some 2，500years ago Greece discovered freedom．Before that there was no freedom．There were great
D．Practical advice from researchers．
civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere．Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one
64．What is the best title of the passage？ A
very powerful man ruling over helpless masses．
A．How to Get People to Volunteer
In Greece，in Athens （雅典），a little city in a little country，there were no helpless masses．And
B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must
C．How to Keep Volunteers'Interest
be obeyed if free men live together．They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities
D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities．
【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理． without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert．The Athenians never
菁优网版权所有
【分析】文章分析了志愿者为何自发地去服务社会，研究者通过研究发现：人们做志愿者工作主要是出于内 thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted．A man was free if he was self﹣controlled．
在的需求，因为他们需要这样做，志愿者身份的认可会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作． To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom．They were saved from looking at their lives as
【解答】61．D 细节理解题．根据第二段的"people volunteer to express personal values related to their own private affair．Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on
unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．If volunteer him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safety．The essential belief of the first
positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate．"可知，人们做志愿者工作主要是出 free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take
于内在的需求，故选D． responsibility for the state．
62．B 推理判断题．根据第四段最后一句的"…training methods that would prepare volunteers for But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers．It cannot be discovered once for all．If peopledo not prize it，and work for it，it will go．Constant watch is its price．Athens changed．It was a change B．seek gains as their primary object
that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which C．behave within the laws and value systems
affected the whole state．It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city．That they could get D．treat others with kindness and pity
67．What change in attitude took place in Athens？ A
material benefits from her never entered their minds．There had to be a complete change of attitude before
A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility．
they could look at the city as an employer who paid hercitizens for doing her work．Now instead of men
B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city．
giving to the state，the state was to give to them．What the people wanted was a government which would
C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government．
provide a comfortable life for them； and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and self﹣
D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business．
reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing．Athens was more and more looked
68．What does the sentence"There could be only one result．"in Paragraph 5mean？ B
on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share．
A．Athens would continue to be free．
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility．There could
B．Athens would cease to have freedom．
be only one result．If men insisted on being free from the burden of self﹣dependence and responsibility
C．Freedom would come from responsibility．
for the common good，they would cease to be free．Responsibility is the price every man must pay for
D．Freedom would stop Athens from self﹣dependence．
freedom ． It is to be had on no other terms ． Athens ， the Athens of Ancient Greece ， refused
69．Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison？ A
responsibility； she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again．
A．The author is hopeful about freedom．
But，"the excellent becomes the permanent"，Aristotle said．Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was
B．The author is cautious about self﹣government．
not lost forever for the world．A great American，James Madison，referred to："The capacity （能力） of
C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization．
mankind for self﹣government．"No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek．Athens was not D．The author is proud of man's capacity．
in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely 70．What is the author's understanding of freedom？ D
lost．The Digital Age cannot destroy it．Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age．
unconsidered by the world of action．One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age．
into action only sure that it will do so sometime． C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility．
D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility．
65．What does the underlined word"tyrannies"in Paragraph 2refer to？ D 【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P6：作者情感态度．
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A．Countries where their people need help． 【分析】这是一篇历史文化类说明文．文章讲述了自由的起源、演变及其在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及
B．Powerful states with higher civilization． 数字化世界给自由带来的挑战．自由起源于2500年前的希腊，雅典人自由地生活在一起，因为他们能够自愿
C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom． 在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动．后来雅典人态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的
D．Governments ruled with absolute power． 劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄，造成的唯一结果就是雅典人不再享
66．People believing in freedom are those who C ．
有自由．作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，认为自由需要责任的保证．
A．regard their life as their own business 【解答】65．D 词义猜测题．根据划线词所在句子后半句"one very powerful man ruling over helplessmasses．"可知，tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府．故选D． requires the reader totolerate unpleasantness or annoyance﹣as，for example，when he reads of the
66．C 细节理解题．根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律 threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and
规定和价值体系下一起从事活动．故选C． cancer．It has a kind of"threat value．"It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared．When
67．A 细节理解题．根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们 a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he
的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄．故选A． can adapt himself only by hard work．When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from
68．B 句意理解题．根据第五段第三句的"If men insisted on being free from the burden of self﹣
the world of threatening reality toward the dream world．
dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free．"可知，唯一的结果就是 For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable．For example，
雅典人不再享有自由．故选B． asociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward．Acoach
69．A 细节理解题．根据最后一段第二句"Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever
may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play that team next week．Apolitician may
for the world．"和"Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and
read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his
good idea，it is never completely lost．The Digital Age cannot destroy it．"可知，作者并没有因此而失去
wife reads an account of a party．In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may
信心，相反对自由充满了希望．故选A．
receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information
70．D 观点态度题．作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论．故选D．
and preparedness．Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individual's tendency
【点评】本文是政治经济类阅读，考查学生对细节的理解把握和推理判断能力，做题时一定要找到文章中的
may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，ordivide the experience between the two kinds
原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根
of reward．
据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
What news stories do you read？
第四部分：任务型阅读（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表
Division of •People expect to get （71）
格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上．每个空格只填一个单 news stories rewards/rewarded from reading news．
•News stories are roughly divided into two
词．
classes．
31．（10分）People select news in expectation of a reward．This reward may be either of two kinds．One •Some news will excite their readers
instantly while others won't．
isrelated to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality Principle．For
（72） Explanation s of •News of immediate reward will seemingly
want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward．In general，
take their readers to the very frightening
the two classes
scene without actual （73） involvemen t
the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，
．
accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest．Delayed reward may be expected from •Readers will associate themselves closely
with what happens in the news stories and
news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and health． （74） shar e similar feelings with those
involved．
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once．A reader can enjoy an indirect experiencewithout any of
•News of delayed reward will make
the dangers or stresses involved．He can tremble wildly at an axe﹣murder，shake hishead sympathetically
readers suffer，or present a（75） threa t
to them．
and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little
•News of delayed reward will induce the
story of children or dogs．News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later．It sometimesreader to （76） prepar e for the reality 79．adapt 信息转换题 根据最后一段中的"a thoughtful reader may receive not only…but also the delayed
while news of immediate reward will lead
the reader to （77） withdraw from the reward of information and preparedness"可知，他们不但获取了信息，而且还会做准备以便能够更好地去适应
reality．
现实．"adapt oneself to 使自己适应"，因此本空填adapt．
Unstable boundaries What readers expect from news stories are
80．depends 信息概括题 可以看出本句是对文章大意的总结，综合文章所述，不难得出这样的结论：阅
largely shaped by their
of the two classes
（78） professio n （ s ） /intentio n ． 读新闻的取向取决于读者本人，因此本空填depends．
Serious readers will both get excited over
【点评】本题考查任务型阅读．解答这类题时：注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句，有助
what happens in some
于理解文章，理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格内容，迅速了解表格
news stories and （79） adap t
themselves to the reality．
的结构和表格的设计原理，同时也可缩小信息范围，确定考查内容．根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，
Thus，the division，on the whole，（80）
depends on the reader． 填写答案时注意工整对称性，要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致，注意时态、语态、句式等避免出现错误．
【考点】M5：科普知识类阅读；P2：文中细节．
第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）
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【分析】本文为说明文，主要介绍了人们选择浏览新闻时的价值取向，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习
32．（25分）请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章．
惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反映、异类互渗等角度．
【解答】71．rewards/rewarded 直接信息题 根据文章首句"People select news in expectation of a
reward"可知，空处可填reward的名词形式，因此这里可以填rewards；同时它还是动词，"get rewarded"可以
用来表示被动意义，因此空处还可填reward的，故答案为rewards/rewarded．
72．Explanations 信息概括题 文章的第二、三、四段都是对于两种取向的解释，因此本题答案为
Explanations．
73．involvement 信息转换题 根据第三段中的"A reader can enjoy an indirect reward without any of the
dangers or stresses involved"可知，读者不要真正参在其中，故本空应填名词involvement．
74．share 信息概括题 根据第三段内容可知，读者的反应与亲身经历的感受一致，因此读者共享了他们的
体验．"share…with…和…分享"，因此应填share．
75．threat 直接信息题 根据第四段内容，尤其是"It has a kind of‘threat value'"可知，本题应填threat．
76．prepare 信息转换题 根据第四段内容，尤其是"the reader may be informed and prepared"可知，本
题应填prepare．
[写作内容]
77．withdraw 直接信息题 根据第四段最后一句"When he selects news of thenews of the other kind，
1．用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
和 usually withdraw from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world"可知，本题应填
2．结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
withdraw．
3．根据你的分析，从社会规范（rules and regulations）和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示（不
78．profession（s）/intention 信息转换题 根据最后一段中不同职业的人阅读新闻时的不同意图可知，本
少于两点）．
题应填profession（s）/intention．[写作要求]
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题．
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当．
【考点】R2：图表类；S3：议论文．
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【分析】本文是读写任务型写作，采用了"说明文材料类+图形+提纲类"形式，综合考查考生阅读材料，识图
和写作能力．创新性强，难度大．这类作文可按照三段式模板写：第一段：概况所给短文要点．第二段：过
渡词引出主题句﹣﹣﹣阐述理由或影响．第三段：个人观点．特别要注意第一段的概括．用自己的语言概括，
不能照搬照抄原文．时态一般用一般现在时．人称一般用第三人称．重要短语：a hard nut to crack（棘手
的问题），give rise to（引发，产生），large﹣scale．（大规模的，大范围的），in chaos（混乱），
pedestrian（行人），be related to（与…..相关），observe…..（遵守…..），be vital to…．（对…..重要）．
【解答】The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack．It not only affects our everyday life，but may also
threaten people's lives．【高分句型】The three selections presented above are typical examples．（概括）
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem．In spite of the large﹣scale construction of roads and
highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these
years．【高分句型】What's worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey
traffic rules．（分析引起交通问题的原因）
In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order．Without them，
people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos．But rules alone don't secure an orderly
society．It is the people who obey the rules that matter．【高分句型】It is everybody's duty to observe
them to keep our society in order and going on the right track．（个人观点）
【点评】读写任务型写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地
表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要．说明文类材料的概括方法：主题概括法 （段意合并法）．
考生应抓住主题句（关键句），一般为文章第一段和各段第一句，然后进行段意合并，再用 1﹣2个漂亮的
句式整理成文；分析原因时，注意分条称述，并使用恰当的衔接词，但要避免落入俗套；谈论观点时注意句
式的变换使用，避免句式的单一．另外，文章中要应尽可能多地使用一些高级词汇，为文章增色．
