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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 20 词汇 K-L-M
词汇 K
keep doing sth.; keep on doing sth.; keep... doing sth.
【词义辨析】
1 keep doing sth.和 keep on doing sth.均含“继续,重复做某事”
的意思,两者有时可以换用。
He kept (on) asking us to work hard. (他不断地叫我们努力工
作。)
I kept (on) practising the action the teacher told me. (我一直重复
着老师告诉我的动作。)
2 若指保持同一动作的持续状态或连续不断的动作,表示“一
直做”,用keep doing sth.。
We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain. (尽管下雨,我们
还是坚持在田里干活。)
She keeps complaining. (她一直在抱怨。)
3 若强调动作、行为的反复多次或表示决心,表示“继续做,
反复做”,常用keep on doing sth.。
People kept on coming to the hospital to see him. (不断有人来医
院看望他。)
She kept on raising her hand. (她反复举手。)The teacher kept on asking the students questions until the bell rang.
(老师反复提问学生直到下课铃响。)
4 keep... doing sth.意为“让某人或某物不停地做某事”,keep在
此有“使……处于某种状态”之意。
The teacher kept the boy standing on the gate. (老师让男孩一直在
大门口站着。)
Don't keep the candle burning when you are out. (外出时,别让蜡
烛一直燃着。)
keep... from doing; keep from doing
【词义辨析】
1 keep... from doing 的意思是“阻止,防治”,指使(某人)不
做某事或者阻止某事发生。
We must do something to keep the accident from happening. (我们
必须设法防止事故发生。)
Why do you keep these children from watching TV after school?
(你为什么阻止这些孩子放学后看电视呢?)
2 keep from doing表示“避免做……”的意思。
Try to keep from drinking too much wine. (尽量避免多喝酒。)
Keep from drinking cold water when you finish running. (跑完步
后尽量不要喝冷水。)
kill; shoot; murder
【词义辨析】1 kill 的意思是“杀,杀死”,用法最普通,后面的宾语可以是
表示人或物的名词或代词。
His father was killed in the battle. (他父亲战死沙场。)
Thousands of people were killed in the war. (成千上万的人在这场
战争中丧命。)
2 shoot 的意思是“射中,击毙”,常用的词组为 shoot at,表示
以某人或某物为目标进行射击,但不一定射中。
The traitor was shot to death. (这个卖国贼被处决了。)
Ten prisoners were shot. (十个囚犯被枪毙了。)
The boy shot at the bird, but missed it. (男孩向小鸟开枪,但没有
射中。)
3 murder 的意思是“谋杀,暗杀”,后面的宾语一般是表示人
的名词或代词,通常指事先有策划地非法杀害。
The statesman was murdered by the terrorists. (这位政治家被恐怖
分子暗杀了。)
He'll murder you when he knows that you are the opponent. (等他
知道你是对手的时候,他会把你杀了。)
kind; sort; type; variety
【词义辨析】
这四个词都可表示“种类”的意思,但用法不同。
1 kind的意思是“属类,种类”,一般指由于与生俱来的特征联
系在一起的成员组成的种类。This company offers all kinds of cables and electrical wires. (这家
公司提供各种各样的电缆和电线。)
Material objects are of two kinds, atoms and compounds of atoms.
(物质分两类,原子及原子化合物。)
He is not the people of that kind. (他不是那种人。)
2 sort 的意思是“种类,类别”,指大体相类似的东西,常可与
kind替换,但有时带有贬义。
I dislike that sort of action. (我厌恶那种行为。)
My brother will never do this sort/kind of thing. (我哥哥绝不会干
这种事。)
What sort of girl is she? (她是什么样的女孩?)
3 type 则指“典型,类型”,常指明显的或不可能弄错的、区别
于所有其他种类属性。
How many types of universities are there in Britain? (英国有多少
类大学?)
This is a new type of car. (这种汽车是新产品。)
4 variety表示“种类,多样化”,一般指若干本质上相同或根本
不同的东西在形式上或品质上的多样化。常用的短语为 a variety
of,意思是“种种,多种多样的”。
This shop has a variety of children's clothes. (这家店有各种各样
的童装。)
Several varieties of computer softwares are on show. (各类电脑软件在展出。)
knock; knock at; knock down; knock into
【词义辨析】
1 knock 的意思是“打,击,敲”,是及物动词,可以直接带宾
语。
The worker knocked a hole in the wall. (工人在墙上敲出一个
洞。)
The policeman knocked the attacker senseless. (警察把袭击者打
昏。)
2 knock at常指轻轻地、有规律地敲,一般指敲门。
Someone is knocking at the door. (有人在敲门。)
Please do not enter before knocking at the door. (进来前请先敲
门。)
3 knock down常表示“撞倒,击倒,拆除”等意思,在口语中还
可以表示“降低(价钱),杀价”的意思。
A basketball player was knocked down by a car. (一个篮球队员被
汽车撞倒了。)
The building is being knocked down. (这座建筑物正被拆毁。)
I knocked his price down to $30. (我把他的售价杀到30美元。)
4 knock into的意思是“偶尔碰见,打进”。
I knocked into my old classmate while I visited Vietnam last time.
(上次我访问越南时偶然遇到了我一位老同学。)Can you knock this nail into the wood? (你能把这个钉子钉进木
头里吗?)
know; learn; understand
【词义辨析】
三者都可以表示“知道”的意思,但具体含义不同。
1 know 是普通用词,意思是“知道,了解,认识”,多指通过
学习、经验或他人传播而得到知识。
I know that you are a kind man, but I have no choice. (我知道你是
个好人,但是我没有办法。)
Did you know what happened just now? (你知道刚才发生了什么
吗?)
2 learn的意思是“学习,学会,认识到”,通常指通过他人而获
得消息或情况,侧重从不知道到知道的变化过程。
I can't drive yet; I'm still learning. (我还不会开车,我仍在学。)
We have a lot of things to learn from her. (我们有很多事情需要向
她学习。)
3 understand 的意思是“懂,了解”,指对事物已有彻底的认
识,知道其性质、含义和细节,比know了解得透彻。
I don't understand what the man is talking about. (我不明白那个人
在说什么。)
I can understand your point of view even though I disagree with it.
(虽然我不同意你的观点,但我能理解。)know about; know of
【词义辨析】
1 know about 的意思是“知道,了解”,是指对某人或某事略有
所知。
My parents don't know about computers. (我父母不懂电脑。)
I don't know about Jack's educational background. (我不了解杰克
的教育背景。)
2 know of 意为“听说过,了解”,指间接地知道某人或某物,
对此人或物并不了解。
I don't know the nurse, but I know of her. (我不认识这个护士,但
我听说过她。)
Nobody knew of this story about ghost. (没有人听说过这个关于
鬼的故事。)
known as; known for; known to
这三者前均要加be动词。
1 be known as的意思是“被称作……,以……著称”。
Lu Xun is known as a writer. (鲁迅是作为作家而闻名。)
He is known as a Lei Feng alive. (他被称作“活雷锋”。)
He was known as a reliable man. (他以一个可信赖的人而著
称。)
2 be known for意思为“因……而著名”。
He was known for his honesty. (他以诚实而著称。)Beijing is known for the Great Wall. (北京以长城而闻名。)
Hangzhou is known for its beautiful view. (杭州是因为它的美丽
风景而出名。)
3 be known to意思为“为……所知”。
Newton is known to everybody in the world. (牛顿为世界上每个
人所熟知。)
He is known to all the people because of his excellent speech. (他
因出色的演讲而被众人所认识。)
词汇 L
labour; work; job
【词义辨析】
1 labour 主要是指人的劳动,特别指艰苦和繁重的体力劳动,也
可用来表示绞尽脑汁的脑力劳动,可作可数名词及不可数名词。
One third of the people in this town take part in mental labour. (这
个镇上三分之一的人从事脑力劳动。)
Don't waste food, we should respect the fruit of others labours.
(不要浪费食物,我们要尊重他人的劳动果实。)
In developed countries, there's a great shortage of labour. (发达国
家劳动力非常缺乏。)
2 work 使用范围极广,可指任何一种工作,包括体力和脑力劳
动。作“工作”解的 work 是不可数名词,没有复数形式。当作可数名词时,work指“文学作品,著作”等。
What a great work of art!(多好的一件艺术作品呀!)
Today he has a lot of work to do. (今天他有大量工作要做。)
3 job 指具体的“工作,职业”,特别是指有报酬的工作,是可数
名词。
The government should try to create new jobs. (政府应该设法创造
就业机会。)
She got a job in a supermarket. (她在一家超市找到了一份工
作。)
注意 works还有“工厂”的意思。
It takes a lot of work to build a textile works. (要建造一家纺织厂
需要花许多功夫。)
late; later; latter; lately; recently
【词义辨析】
1 late可作形容词或副词,意思是“迟的,晚的”。
He often comes late for school. (他上学常迟到。)
He was late for the date. (他约会迟到了。)
2 later 是形容词和副词 late 的比较级,意思是“迟,晚”,指时间
的先后而言。
This dictionary is a later edition. (这本字典的版本是比较新
的。)
We'll call you again later. (我们晚一点会再给你打电话。)3 latter是形容词late的比较级形式,指事物的先后而言,意思是
指文中所列出的两个事物中的“后者”,或者指同一事物的后半部,
只能作形容词,不能作副词。
He will visit France in the latter half of the year. (他将在后半年访
问法国。)
Did he run or dance? The latter seems unlikely. (他是跑步还是
跳舞?后者看来不太可能。)
4 lately 作副词讲表示“近来,不久前,最近”的意思,相当于
recently,常用现在完成时。
Have you been to the fitness center lately? (你近来常去健身房
吗?)
I haven't heard from him lately. (我最近没收到他的来信。)
5 recently 多表示最近一段时间,常用于过去时和现在完成时,
可用于肯定句、否定句和疑 问句中。
I know you have endured so much recently. (我知道,你最近忍受
了很多。)
Recently he has been busy with his thesis oral defense. (最近他忙
于论文答辩。)
lay; lie
【词义辨析】
1 lay 的意思是“放下,躺下,产卵”等,是及物动词,其现在分
词、过去式、过去分词形式分别是 laying、laid、laid,后面可直接加宾语,有被动语态。
She laid the baby gently down on a bed. (她将孩子轻轻地放在床
上。)
They are laying water pipes. (他们正在铺设水管。)
Hens and all other female birds lay eggs. (母鸡与其他所有母鸟都
下蛋。)
2 lie的意思是“躺下,平躺”,是不及物动词,其现在分词、过去
式、过去分词形式分别是lying、lay、lain,没有被动语态。
He was lying on his back. (他正仰躺着。)
The letter lay open on his desk. (那封信摊开在他的书桌上。)
She has lain in bed for five days. (她已经在床上躺了五天了。)
注意 lie还可作“撒谎”讲,是不及物动词。
She lies about her career. (她编造她的经历。)
The man was lying. (那个人在撒谎。)
lay; put; place; set
【词义辨析】
四者都有“放”的意思,但用法稍有差别。
1 lay的意思是“放置,铺设,平息,布置”等,比较正式,指小心
地把人或物平放或横放,侧重动作安稳。
The workers are laying the tracks. (工人们在铺设铁轨。)
A boy picked an egg up, and laid it on the table. (男孩拾起一个鸡
蛋,把它放到桌子上。)2 put 为普通用词,含义较广泛,指把人或物置于某处,并将其
留在该处。
He put the cups on the table. (他把杯子放在桌子上。)
Put the vase on the shelf. (把花瓶放到架子上。)
3 place 主要指把东西放在一定的位置上,侧重表示“把……放置
(或安排)在某个确定的地点”或者“使……处于某种确定的情况”。
The map is placed too high on the wall. (那张地图在墙上挂得太
高了。)
She placed a book on the table. (她把一本书放在桌子上。)
4 set 指物时多指立着放,尤指小心谨慎地放置某物或放置不便
携带的东西,也可指为了某种目的而将人放在一定位置上。
He was setting the table when I got to his home. (当我到他家时他
正在摆桌子。)
The sun has set. (日已西沉。)
leaf; page
【词义辨析】
两者都有“页”的意思。
1 leaf 指书籍、杂志或笔记本中有两个印刷面的纸张,每一张
(leaf)有两页(page)。leaf还有“树叶”的意思。
Please carefully turn over the leaves of the precious volumes. (请小
心翻阅珍藏本的书页。)
Many yellow leaves are falling down from trees. (许多黄叶从树上飘落下来。)
2 page指书籍、杂志、报纸等一页的一面,往往每一页的上面或
下面都印有页码。有时也可指书信、手稿等的整整一面或印有文字
的一张纸。
Open your English books at Page 26. (把英语书翻到第26页。)
There is a page missing in this dictionary. (这本字典缺了一页。)
learn; study
【词义辨析】
两者都有“学习”的意思,但用法稍有区别。
1 learn的意思是“学习,学会,学到”,侧重学习的成果,指从不
知道到知道,从不会到会。一般指学到某项“技巧或技能行为”。
They are learning to speak English. (他们正在学说英语。)
You should learn from her in dancing. (在跳舞方面,你应该向她
学习。)
2 study 强调学习的过程,指深入系统地学习,带有努力、勤奋
的意味,其学习对象往往是科学、艺术和需要深入探讨、研究的问
题及学科。
They are studying astronomy. (他们正在研究天文学。)
My daughter often studies late into the night. (我女儿常常读书到
深夜。)
【正误比较】
学打字不容易。【错误】 It's not easy to study typing.
【正确】 It's not easy to learn to type.
leave; leave... for; leave for
【词义辨析】
1 leave作及物动词时,意思是“离开”,作不及物动词时,意思是
“出发”。
When did you leave Shanghai? (你何时离开的上海?)
It's time for us to leave. (我们该走了。)
2 leave... for的意思是“离开某地去另一个地方”,还有“把……留给
谁”的意思。
He left Xi'an for Hong Kong this morning. (今天上午,他离开西
安去了香港。)
She left all her money for her son. (她把所有钱都留给了儿子。)
3 leave for的意思是“到……地方去”。
He left for Shenyang yesterday. (昨天他到沈阳去了。)
The President is leaving for Japan next month. (总统下个月要出访
日本。)
lecture; speech; talk
【词义辨析】
三者均含“演讲,讲话,报告”之意。
1 lecture的意思是“演讲,训诫,讲座”,侧重带学术性的演讲。
Dr. Brown gave us a lecture on Shakespeare last Monday. (布朗博士上星期一给我们作了有关莎士比亚的讲座。)
Series of lectures on innovation economy will be given by Professor
Zhang next month. (下个月,张教授将就创新型经济作系列讲
座。)
2 speech 的意思是“演说,演讲,讲话”,是普通用词,指一般的
发言或讲话,可以是事先准备好的,也可以是即兴的。
I was asked to make a speech in the opening ceremony. (我被邀请
在开幕式上发表演说。)
The best speech I've ever heard was the one made by Martin Luther
King. (我听过的最好的演讲是马丁·路德·金的演讲。)
3 talk 的意思是“谈话,会谈”,是常用词,强调非正式讲话,讲
话方式一般较为自由。
The teacher had a talk with Mr. Jones. (老师和琼斯先生谈过
话。)
The Talk Show is a very famous TV program in America. (“脱口
秀”是美国一档著名的电视节目。)
lift; raise; rise
【词义辨析】
三者都有“由低处向上举起或升起”的意思,但各词的具体含义和
使用情况不同。
1 lift的意思是“举起,升起,提起”,是及物动词,强调用体力或
者机械力把某物从地面提到一定的高度。That stone might be too heavy to lift. (那块大石头可能太重,提
不动。)
He lifted the big box off the floor and put it on the truck. (他把那个
大箱子从地板上提起,放到卡车上。)
The boy gently lifted the stone and caught a cricket. (这男孩轻轻
搬开石头,抓到一只蟋蟀。)
2 raise 的意思是“抬高,提高”,是及物动词,还可用作比喻,如
提高政治觉悟、生活水平、地位、名誉、声音等。
The factory imported some machines in order to raise the rate of
production. (这家工厂进口了一些机器以提高生产效率。)
He raised his voice so that everybody could hear him. (他提高嗓门
以便让大家都能听见。)
Young Pioneers salute as the national flag is being raised during the
flag-raising ceremony at Tiananmen Square. (在天安门广场举行国旗
升旗仪式中,少先队员向国旗敬礼。)
3 rise 的意思是“升起,上升,起立”,是不及物动词,表示由低
到高的变化过程,主语常常是日、月、水、云、烟、雾、物价、温
度等。
Steam rose from very hot water. (蒸汽从极热的水里冒出来。)
The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。)
Prices are rising. (物价在上涨。)
light; lighten【词义辨析】
1 light 作动词时,意思是“点着,点亮”,是及物动词;作名词
时,意思是“光,灯”。
He lit a match. (他划着了一根火柴。)
She was reading by the light of a candle. (她在蜡烛光下读书。)
2 lighten 是及物动词,意思为“减轻,(使)轻松,(使)发
亮,照”等。
More lamps will lighten the gloomy room. (多点几盏灯会照亮那
间阴暗的房间。)
He lightened his bag by taking out some books. (他从包中取出几
本书以减轻重量。)
like doing; like to do
【词义辨析】
两者都有“喜欢做,愿意做,希望做”的意思。
1 like doing指“喜欢做某事”,即长期的爱好和兴趣。
He likes running. (他喜欢跑步。)
Does your mother like singing Peking Opera? (你妈妈喜欢唱京剧
吗?)
2 like to do 指“喜欢做特定的或某一具体的行动”,即一时的爱
好。
On Sundays, I don't like to get up early. (星期天我不喜欢早
起。)I don't like to trouble him when he is so busy. (当他很忙时我不喜
欢打扰他。)
likely; possible; probable
【词义辨析】
1 likely的意思是“很可能的,适当的”,和probable的意思相似。
He is likely to come at night. (他可能晚上来。)
It's quite likely that a war will happen at the end of the century. (本
世纪末很可能将要发生一场战争。)
John is likely to be in Canada this winter. (今年冬天,约翰可能在
加拿大。)
The pool is a likely place for swimming. (这个水池适合游泳。)
2 possible 的意思是“或许,可能的,可能存在或发生的”,强调
客观上有可能性,但常常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。
I'll help you if possible. (可能的话,我会帮助你的。)
It is possible that you will go to work abroad. (你有可能出国工
作。)
3 probable 的意思是“很可能的,大概的”,一般指有根据,合情
理,值得相信的事物,语气比possible要重,是most likely之意。
Rain is probable during the two days. (这两天很有可能下雨。)
It's quite probable that he got lost in the wild forest. (很可能他在原
始森林里迷路了。)
It is possible but not probable. (这是可能的,但可能性不大。)little; small; tiny
【词义辨析】
三者都有“小”的意思。
1 little指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小,
多带主观感情色彩,含小而可爱或小巧的意味。
He bought a little dog yesterday. (昨天他买了一条小狗。)
The little boy wears a pair of yellow shoes. (那个小男孩穿了一双
黄色的鞋子。)
2 small 多指数量、面积、体积、价值、数字或意义等的小或
少,指略小于正常的规格。
The cage is too small for the bird. (这个笼子对那只鸟来说太小
了。)
Although he is a small boy, he acts like an adult. (尽管他只是一个
小男孩,但行为却很像大人。)
3 tiny比small更小,有“极小的,微小的”之意。
He lived in a tiny village all by himself. (他独自一人住在一个很
小的村庄里。)
My calculation was wrong because I overlooked one tiny point. (我
的计算是错误的,因为我忽略了一个小数点。)
live by; live on
【词义辨析】
1 live by 的意思是“靠……谋生”,表示通过某种手段或方式生存,后接动名词或者名词。
The family lived by fishing. (这家人靠打鱼为生。)
John lived by writing for a newspaper. (约翰靠给一家报纸写稿来
维持生活。)
2 live on 的意思是“靠……生活,谋生”,表示以某种食物或食料
为主食,也可表示靠某种经济来源或某人生活,后接名词。
The old man lived on his wages. (那个老人靠工资生活。)
We live on rice. (我们以大米为食物。)
A polar bear lives on fish. (北极熊靠吃鱼为生。)
load; burden; cargo
【词义辨析】
三者都有“负担”的意思。
1 load含义广泛,指人、畜、车、船等负载的东西;指精神负担
时,可与burden换用,但无感情色彩。
The train can carry 300,000 tons load. (这辆火车能运载 30万吨货
物。)
She is too weak to bear such a heavy work load. (她太虚弱,无法
承受这么大的工作压力。)
2 burden多指思想上的负担,有时也可指具体的负担。
The old worker bent with a heavy burden on his back. (老工人被重
物压弯了腰。)
The old man was a burden to his family. (那个老人是他家里的一个负担。)
3 cargo指用轮船、车辆或飞机长距离运载的货物。
The ship can carry a cargo of 5,000 tons. (这船能载 5,000 吨货
物。)
His company deals with the business of container cargoes. (他的公
司经营集装箱货物业务。)
look out; take care; be careful
【词义辨析】
三者都有“小心,担心”的意思,但用法有别。
1 look out 语气最强,用于某种紧急情况或很有可能出危险的场
合。
Look out!The wire is falling down. (当心!电线落下来了。)
Look out for the rock on the road. (当心路上的石头。)
2 take care 语气稍弱,多用于对可能出现的不测作出预先的提醒
或警告。
Take care. The road is very narrow. (小心,路很窄!)
Take care of your body. (注意你的身体。)
Take care that all the lights are turned off. (不要大意,要把所有
的灯关掉。)
3 be careful是一般的警告或劝告用语,可用于各种情况。
Be careful not to forget the umbrella. (注意不要忘带雨伞。)
Be careful of your key. (看管好你的钥匙。)look forward to; look through
【词义辨析】
1 look forward to的意思是“期待,期望”,后接动词时,需用动名
词形式。
We are looking forward to the winter vacation. (我们期待着寒假
的到来。)
They are looking forward to meeting you again. (他们期待着再次
见到你。)
2 look through的意思是“看穿,审核,浏览”。
We have looked through his tricks. (我们已看透了他的种种花
招。)
The handsome man is looking through a magazine. (那个潇洒的男
人正在浏览杂志。)
look at; look after; look for
【词义辨析】
1 look at的意思是“看着,注视”。
Look at the screen, please. (请看屏幕。)
Don't look at me!(不要看我。)
2 look after的意思是“照顾,照料”。
My friend looked after my dog while I was on holiday. (在我去度
假的时候,我的朋友照料我的狗。)
Nobody looked after the old man because he had no kids. (没有人照料那个老人,因为他没有孩子。)
3 look for的意思是“寻找,查找”。
I'm looking for my gloves. (我在找我的手套。)
She is looking for her lost cat. (她正在寻找走丢的猫。)
lose; miss; gone
【词义辨析】
1 lose 的意思是“丢失”,是最普通的用词,侧重遗失了且难以找
回来,一般带有遗憾和意外的含义,并且不知道东西具体丢在哪
里。
My schoolbag is lost. (我的书包丢了。)
He lost his key to the door yesterday. (他昨天把门钥匙丢了。)
2 miss 的意思是“错过”,着重说明某人或某物不见的瞬间,也可
作思念讲。
I missed the plane. (我没赶上那趟飞机。)
Did I miss something about the speech? (关于那个演讲我错过什
么了吗?)
3 gone表示“没有”,通常只作表语或补语,一般跟在完成时后。
When I came back from the ball, I found my necklace gone. (当我
从舞会回来时,发现项链不见了。)
Gone are the days when we used radio. (我们使用收音机的日子一
去不复返了。)
lose heart; lose one's heart to【词义辨析】
1 lose heart的意思是“丧失信心,灰心泄气”,heart前不加冠词或
物主代词,也不用复数形式。
Don't lose heart; make another try. (不要灰心,再试一回。)
They never lost heart when they met with difficulties. (他们遇到困
难时,从不灰心。)
2 lose one's heart to 的意思是“爱上某人,倾心于”,to是介词,后
面要加名词。
My father lost his heart to the little dog at first sight. (我爸爸一看
见那只小狗就喜欢得不得了。)
Not long afterwards he lost his heart to the people in Tibet. (不久他
就爱上了西藏的人们。)
lovely; pretty
【词义辨析】
1 lovely 可以用来指人是“可爱的”,男性和女性通用; 也可指某
物是“令人愉快的,有趣的”。
He is a lovely boy. (他是一个可爱的小男孩。)
What lovely weather it is today!(今天的天气真好啊!)
We had a lovely time. (我们过得很愉快。)
2 pretty 是“美丽,漂亮”的意思,多用于描写妇女、儿童以及小
巧玲珑、精美可爱之物。
The girl in the neighboring house is a pretty one. (隔壁家的女孩是个漂亮的姑娘。)
She's got a pretty voice. (她的声音很悦耳。)
注意 lovely也可作名词,意思是“美女”(尤指女艺术家,女模特
儿等)或“漂亮的东西”。
The girl is a lovely. (这姑娘是个美人。)
The little dog is a lovely. (这条小狗真漂亮。)
词汇 M
mail; post
【词义辨析】
两者都有“邮件,邮寄”的意思。
1 mail 为美式英语,既可作名词,也可作动词。作名词是指“信
件,邮件,邮包”,作动词则表示“邮寄,投递”。
Air mail is quicker than sea mail. (空邮比海运快。)
Is there any mail today? (今天有邮件吗?)
I keep forgetting to mail this letter. (我老是忘了去寄这封信。)
2 post 为英式英语,既可作名词,也可作动词。作名词指“邮
政,邮件,邮箱”,用作动词时,指“邮寄,把(邮件等)放入邮
筒”。
Please send all the stamps to me by post. (请把所有的邮票都寄给
我。)
The last post had arrived and there was no letter for her. (最后一批邮件已到,但没有她的信。)
You can send letters by post. (你可以邮递这些信件。)
main; major; majority
【词义辨析】
1 main是形容词,意思是“主要的,重要的”,通常用来修饰物。
This is the main purpose of my coming here. (这就是我到这儿来
的主要目的。)
My main concern is the welfare of the children. (我最关心的是儿
童的福利。)
2 major 是形容词,意思是“重要的,重大的”,可修饰人或物,
修饰人时尤指权利、地位较高的人,修饰物时指在规模、数量、重
要性等方面超出同类的其他事物。
He has also played a major part in the improvement of the local
people's living standard. (他在提高当地人民生活水平的工作中也起
了较大的作用。)
We have encountered major problems. (我们遇到大问题了。)
3 majority是名词,意思是“大多数,大半”。
The Republics became the majority in the election. (共和党在这次
选举中变成了多数党。)
The majority of children in our class come from workers' families.
(我们班大多数孩子来自工人家庭。)
make out; make up; make for【词义辨析】
1 make out的意思是“辨认出,理解”。
I could hardly make out anything in the heavy rain. (在大雨中我几
乎什么也看不见。)
I can't make out the meaning of this passage. (我不能理解这段文
章的意思。)
2 make up的意思是“弥补,化妆,组成,和解”。
The group was made up of eleven doctors. (这支小分队由 11名医
生组成。)
We need $50 to make up the sum required. (我们需要50美元以补
足所需要的数目。)
3 make for的意思是“走向,朝……前进,有助于”。
The dog made for the door. (狗向大门扑了过去。)
The medicine made for your health. (这个药有助于你的健康。)
make sense; make sense of
【词义辨析】
1 make sense的意思是“讲得通,有意义,有道理”。
It doesn't make any sense. (这件事毫无意义。)
Your opinion doesn't make any sense. (你的观点一点道理都没
有。)
2 make sense of的意思是“理解,弄懂,了解……的含义”。
Can you make sense of what this professor is saying? (你能了解这个教授在讲什么吗?)
You can't make sense of what the film is telling about. (你不了解这
个电影的含义。)
manage to do sth.; try to do sth.
【词义辨析】
两者都与“尽力,设法做某事”有关,但用法有所不同。
1 manage to do sth.的意思是“成功地做到(了)某事”,强调经过
努力而做成某事,其结果是成功的。
I managed to make contact with the lost boy. (我成功地同那个丢
失的男孩联系上了。)
He managed to fulfil the task all by himself. (他设法独立完成了任
务。)
2 try to do sth.的意思是“努力做某事”,表示尽力去做某事,但不
一定成功。
He tried to pass the exam but failed in the end. (他试图通过考试,
但最后失败了。)
We tried to stop him from smoking but he wouldn't do it. (我们试
图阻止他吸烟,但他就是不听。)
manner; method; way
【词义辨析】
三者都可以表示“方法,办法,方式”的意思。
1 manner比较正式,表示“方式”的意思,多指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法。
There is something peculiar in his manner of speaking. (他说话的
方式挺特别。)
I don't like his rude manner. (我不喜欢他粗鲁的态度。)
2 method 的意思是“方法”,指精心安排的、详细的、有序的方
法,尤指为完成某事的一个经常性的、系统性的方法,强调按步骤
或系统实施。
You need to improve your teaching method. (你需要改进教学方
法。)
They developed a new method to solve energy problem. (他们研究
出了一种解决能源问题的新方法。)
3 way 是普通用词,可指一般的方法、路线,有时也指个人的方
法或方式,也可指特殊的方式或方法。
Can you tell me the way to the shop? (你能告诉我到商店怎么走
吗?)
There is no way to communicate with him. (没有办法同他沟
通。)
many; many a
【词义辨析】
两者都是“很多”的意思,但是也有所不同。
1 many修饰复数名词,并与复数形式的谓语动词搭配。
How many apples are there in the basket? (这个篮子里有多少苹果?)
There are many students on the ground. (操场上有很多学生。)
2 many a+单数可数名词在形式上为单数,但实际意义是为复
数,若用作主语,其谓语动词用单数。
Many a student has seen the drama. (许多学生看过这部话剧。)
Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. (许多船只毁于那些
礁石之上。)
many more... than; much more... than
【词义辨析】
1 many more+可数名词的复数+than 表示“比……多得多”之意。
There are many more high buildings this year than last year in this
city. (今年,这个城市的高楼比去年多得多。)
I have many more bags than he does. (我的包比他的包多得
多。)
2 much more +不可数名词+than 表示“比……大(多)得多”之意;
much more +多音节形容词(或副词)的原形+than 意思为“比……
更……”。
He has made much more progress this year than (he did) last year.
(他今年的进步比去年大得多。)
The rent is much more higher this year than last year in this city.
(这个城市今年的租金要比去年的高得多。)
marry; be/get married to【词义辨析】
两者都可表示“结婚”的意思。
1 marry 为非延续性动词,表示动作,可以作及物和不及物动
词,表示“嫁,娶,结婚”的意思。表示“把……嫁给,与……结婚”时,
常用marry... to结构。
They married in church. (他们是在教堂结婚的。)
He married his daughter to an old man. (他把女儿嫁给了一个老
人。)
2 be/get married to 为系表结构,表示“与……结婚”,强调动作,
常用来表示一种已婚状态。
She has been married to a teacher for two years. (她和一个老师结
婚两年了。)
She got married to a man with a lot of money. (她嫁给了一个很有
钱的人。)
master; host; owner
【词义辨析】
1 master的意思是“主人”,强调主仆关系; 还有“校长,大师”的意
思。
The dog obeyed his master. (这条狗听主人的话。)
The servant ran to his master. (那仆人向他的主人跑去。)
The master asked me to teach two subjects. (校长要我教两门
课。)She is a master in literature. (她是个大文豪。)
2 host的意思是“主人”,强调主客关系。
Beijing is chosen as the host city for the 29th Olympic Games. (北
京当选为第29届奥运会的主办城市。)
The middle-aged woman was our host at the party. (那个中年妇女
是我们晚宴的主人。)
3 owner的意思是“物主,业主,业权人”。
Who is the owner of the house? (谁是这个房子的业主?)
We have verified that he's the legal owner of the company. (我们已
证实他是这家公司的合法所有人。)
maybe; may be
【词义辨析】
1 maybe 是副词,意思是“也许,可能”,在句中作状语,常位于
句首。
Maybe she'll arrive at here at two oclock this afternoon. (她可能
今天下午2点到这里来。)
Maybe you put the book into your schoolbag. (大概你把书放在你
书包里了。)
2 may be 的意思是“也许是,可能是”,其中 may是情态动词,be
是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构。
She may be a scholar. (她可能是一个学者。)
He may be a spy. (他可能是特务。)注意 maybe和may be可互换使用,句式变换如下:
He may be in the cinema. = Maybe he is in the cinema. (他也许在
电影院里。)
You may be wrong. = Maybe you are wrong. (你或许是错的。)
maybe; perhaps; possibly; probably
【词义辨析】
这四个词都有“可能”的意思。
1 maybe的意思是“大概,或许”,与 perhaps的用法很接近,多数
地方可以换用,但不及 perhaps正式,多用于口语,还可用于礼貌的
建议或请求,一般用于句首或句末,多用于美式英语。
Maybe you are the only one to buy the dictionary in our class. (或
许你是我们班上唯一一个买这本字典的人。)
Maybe he will fail. (他也许会失败。)
2 perhaps的意思是“也许,可能,大概”,可与 maybe换用,但比
maybe 正式。perhaps 还可用于建议,请求及温和的命令,是英式英
语用法。
But perhaps they don't know what has happened. (但是,他们可能
还不知道发生了什么。)
Perhaps I will fail in the competition. (我也许会在竞赛中失
败。)
3 possibly 的意思是“可能,也许,或许”,较 probably 意味弱,
在肯定句中表示可能性很小,与 can,could 连用,以加强语气,表示“设法,竭力地”;在否定句、疑问句中与 can,could 连用,表示
“无论如何也不”。
I can't possibly cry any more. (我无论如何不能再哭了。)
I'll do all I possibly can. (我将尽我的所能去做。)
4 probably强调有根据、合乎情理的推测,表示其可能性很大。
There is probably some kind of living creature on some other worlds,
but we do not know yet. (很可能在其他的世界存在着另类的生物,
只是我们尚不知道。)
John probably ate all the food; he usually eats everything. (约翰很
可能把所有的食物都吃了;他通常什么都吃。)
mean; means; by no means; by all means
【词义辨析】
1 mean 作动词时的意思是“意指,意欲”,作形容词时表示“平庸
的,小气的”。
Do you mean to have a dinner without money? (你想吃霸王餐
吗?)
I mean what I say. (我说到做到。)
That was a mean trick!(那是一个卑劣的诡计!)
The landlord is very mean about money. (这个地主在金钱上很吝
啬。)
2 means 是名词,单复数同形,表示“方法,手段”,一般视为单
数。作“财富,财产,资产”讲时,视为复数。She used unfair means to win the competition. (她使用不正当的手
段赢得了那场比赛。)
She told me a good means to cook. (她告诉我一个烹饪的好方
法。)
3 by no means的意思是“一点也不,并没有”,在句中作状语,如
果放在句首,句子应该倒装。
He is by no means a generous man. (他绝不是一个慷慨的人。)
By no means is she bright. (她一点也不聪明。)
4 by all means的意思是“尽力,当然”。
I'll help her by all means. (我将尽全力帮助她。)
You must catch up with them by all means. (你一定要设法追上他
们。)
meet; meet with
【词义辨析】
两者都有“遇到,遇见,碰到”的意思,常可互换。
1 meet指主语处于主动地位,表示“遇到某人,迎接某人”。
I met my teacher in the street today. (我今天在街上遇见了我的老
师。)
Will you meet her at the railway station? (你会到火车站去接她
吗?)
2 meet with 表示“与……会面,会见”,常含有“偶然遇见”之意; 也
可表示“体验到……,遭遇到……”,常指遇到坏事。He met with a terrible traffic accident. (他遭遇了一场严重的车
祸。)
If you meet with any difficulties, just tell me. (如果你遇到了困
难,就告诉我。)
I met with a friend in the shop yesterday. (昨天我在商店里遇到一
位朋友。)
merely; only; just
【词义辨析】
三者都可以用作副词,表示“仅仅,只不过”的意思,都放在它们
所修饰的成分之前,有时可以换用。
1 merely 只能用作副词,意思是“仅仅,只不过”,相当于 only或
just。
I merely suggest you should give up the plan. (我只是建议你放弃
这个计划。)
I did like this just/only/merely to help you. (我这样做只是为了帮
助你。)
2 only 作副词时常位于所修饰的动词、短语或从句前,意思是
“只是,仅仅”,相当于just。
Don't be angry with me. It was only a joke. (不要生我的气,那只
是一个玩笑。)
At present we can only wait and see. (目前,我们只好等一等
看。)3 just 作副词时表示“仅仅,只是”的意思,与 only 的用法相当,
多用于口语中。
He is just a child. (他仅仅是个孩子。)
I just want to talk to you. (我只是想和你谈谈。)
more and more; the more... the more
【词义辨析】
1 more and more后面跟形容词或副词时,表示“越来越……”; 后跟
名词时,表示“越来越多的……”。
The city is becoming more and more beautiful. (城市变得越来越
美了。)
More and more students like shopping on the Internet. (越来越多
的学生喜欢在网上 购物。)
2 the more... the more 句型常表示“越……就越……”,是一个复合
句,其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面的句子是主句。the more 代
表形容词或副词的比较级。
The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. (她越学越想
学。)
The harder he worked, the cleverer he became. (他工作越努力,
就变得越聪明。)
more than; more... than
【词义辨析】
1 more than的意思为“多于,大于”,其后面常跟数词。More than 200,000 people were killed in the war. (20 多万人死于
战争。)
More than 1,000 people from different countries and regions attended
the meeting. (来自不同国家和地区的1000多人参加了会议。)
2 more... than 表示“比……更……”的意思,也可表达“与其说……不
如说……”的意思。
He is more clever than his sister. (他比他的妹妹聪明。)
He is more a writer than a doctor. (与其说他是一个医生,不如说
是一位作家。)
He is more good than bad. (与其说他坏,不如说他好。)
move; remove
【词义辨析】
两者都表示“移动”的意思。
1 move为一般用语,强调位置和姿态的改变。
Let's move this bed to another room. (让我们把这张床搬到另一个
房间吧。)
Who has moved my table? (谁动我的桌子了?)
That rock is in the way, move it please. (那块岩石挡着路,请把它
移开。)
2 remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置。
The cupboard was removed from this room. (橱柜被从这个房间里
搬出去了。)Please remove the books off the table. (请把书从桌上拿走。)
much too; too much; too many
【词义辨析】
三者都有“许多,太……”的意思,但是它们所修饰的词类不同。
1 much too 的意思是“实在太……,非常”,常用在副词或形容词
前。
He runs much too fast. (他跑得太快了。)
The water is much too hot. (水实在太热了。)
She is much too fat. (她太胖了。)
2 too much 的意思是“太多”, 实际上 too 修饰形容词,much 用
来加强语气,常修饰不可数名词。
Smoking is too much bad for your health. (抽烟对你的身体非常有
害。)
There is too much noise in the city. (城市的噪声太厉害了。)
I have eaten too much. (我吃得太多了。)
3 too many的意思也是“太多”,常用作形容词,修饰可数名词。
The Japanese invaders had killed too many people in China. (日本
侵略者在中国杀了许多人。)
He has too many brothers in his family. (他家里有许多弟兄。)