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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总+Lesson+21+词汇+N++讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项_11.3-2_2026-11-03

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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 21 词汇 N
nation; country; state
【词义辨析】
1 nation 指国家时,侧重民族。
We have established diplomatic relations with the newly independent
nations. (我们已与那几个新近独立的国家建立了外交关系。)
2 country指国家时,侧重疆土或人口,该词又作“乡下”讲。
China is a socialist country. (中国是一个社会主义国家。)
Everyone loves his mother country. (每个人都热爱自己的祖
国。)
She is very interested in country music. (她对乡村音乐很感兴
趣。)
3 state指国家时,侧重政体、政府,也可指组成国家的“州”。
France is one of the member states of the EU. (法国是欧洲联盟成
员国之一。)
She is studying in a state school. (她正在一个国立学校学习。)
near; nearby; close
【词义辨析】
三者都是形容词,都有“近”之意。
1 near通常作表语,也可作前置定语,指时间近或空间近、距离
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司近;也可用作副词,表示“接近,几乎,差不多”的意思。
What is the nearest way to the gymnasium? (到体育馆走哪条路最
近?)
My school is quite near. (我的学校就在附近。)
She hopes to buy a large house in the near future. (她希望在不久
的将来买栋大房子。)
2 nearby作形容词时仅作定语,可以前置或后置,指空间近,没
有比较级和最高级形式。也可以用作副词。
We live in a nearby hotel. (我们住在附近的宾馆里。)
The Olympic Center nearby can seat 60,000 people. (附近奥体中
心可容纳六万名观众。)
3 close语气强于near,一般指时间、地点或程度方面的接近,有
紧靠、相邻的意味。
His house is close to the hospital. (他家靠近医院。)
It's close to eleven. (快11点了。)
need; want
【词义辨析】
1 need 的意思是“需要,必须”,既可作情态动词又可作行为动
词,作行为动词时,其后可接名词、动词不定式和动名词作宾语。
need+名字表示“需要……”,need to do 表示“需要(某人)做,有必要
(让某人)做”, need doing 表示“(东西)必须被……”。need 作情
态动词时,多用于否定句和疑问句,无时态、人称变化,后面直接
2
学科网(北京)股份有限公司跟动词原形。need还可以用作名词。
I need a sport shirt to do morning exercise. (我需要一件运动衫做
晨练。)
Do you need a watch? (你需要一块手表吗? )
This bike needs repairing. (这辆自行车需要修理。)
2 want 的主要意思是“要,想要”,是行为动词,其后也接名词、
动词不定式和动名词作宾语。want+名词表示“想要……”,want to do
表示“想要(某人)做,希望(某人)做”,want doing 表示“要(某
人)被……”。
What does she want? (她想要什么?)
I want to go home. (我想回家。)
The old man wants looking after. (这个老人需要照顾。)
next; next to
【词义辨析】
1 next的意思是“下一个”,既可作形容词,又可作副词。
He will graduate next week. (他下周毕业。)
What shall we do next? (接下来我们应该做什么?)
The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by
chairs, and the furniture had been moved. (第二天早晨,他发现门都
被椅子堵了起来,而且家具都搬动过了。)
2 next to表示位置关系,意思是“紧挨,隔壁”。
The man next to my teacher is my uncle. (紧挨我的老师的那个人
3
学科网(北京)股份有限公司是我的舅舅。)
Mr. Grey lived next door to us when we were in London. (我们在
伦敦时,格雷先生住在我家隔壁。)
no; not
【词义辨析】
1 no 可以用作形容词,也可以用作副词。作形容词时,相当于
not any 或者 not a,可以直接用于名词的前面,意思是“没有,不,
无”; 作副词时,意思是“不”,可用于回答一般疑问句或反义疑问
句,还可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
There are no ducks. (那儿没有鸭子。)
—Will you please have some tea? (你喝点茶好吗? )
—No, thanks. (不,谢谢。)
There is no expecting what will happen. (无法预料会发生什么事
情。)
2 not 为副词,常位于 be 动词、情态动词和助动词之后,意思
是“不”; 可位于动词 see, appear, hope, believe, suppose, think 和副词
perhaps, probably 以及 be afraid 之后,表示否定意思; 也可以与
every, both, all 等词连用,意思是“并非,不都是”,表示部分否定。
She is not an old man. (她不是老年人。)
He asked me not to be late. (他要我不要迟到。)
I hope they will not come back next week. (我希望他们下星期不
要回来。)
4
学科网(北京)股份有限公司Not all the students have seen this film. (并不是所有的学生都看
过这部电影。)
no less than; not less than; no more than
【词义辨析】
1 no less than的意思是“不亚于,竟达……之多”。
The audience was no less than five thousand. (听众有 5,000 人之
多。)
We earned no less than 30 dollars yesterday. (昨天我们挣了不少
于30美元。)
That pair of shoes probably cost me no less than 50 dollars. (那双
鞋大概花费了我50美元。)
2 not less than的意思是“不比……差,至少”,相当于at least。
He gave her not less than 300 dollars. (他至少给了她 300 美
元。)
She has not less than 6 dogs. (她至少有6条狗。)
I'll stay here not less than one week. (我将在这待至少一个星
期。)
3 no more than的意思是“同样不,仅仅,只有”。
He is no more than a doctor. (他仅仅是个医生。)
It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the school to my home.
(由学校走到我家只有10分钟的路程。)
no longer (not... any longer); no more (not... any more)
5
学科网(北京)股份有限公司【词义辨析】
两者都表示“不再”。
1 no longer(=not... any longer)表示“今后不再”,主要强调时间不
再延续,表示某个动作或者状态不再延续下去。
She could no longer find a way to go home.
=She couldn't find a way to go home any longer. (她再也找不到回
家的路了。)
He is no longer a policeman.
=He is not a policeman any longer. (他不再是个警察了。)
2 no more(=not... any more)表示“再也没有更多(大)的数量
(程度)”,主要用来强调数量和程度,指某动作不再重复发生。
You can smoke no more.
=You can't smoke any more. (你不能再抽烟了。)
I shall visit there no more.
=I shall not visit there any more. (我再也不参观那里了。)
no matter what; whatever
【词义辨析】
两者都有“不管什么,无论什么”的意思。
1 no matter what只能放在句首,不能放在句中;只能引导状语从
句,不引导名词性从句。
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (不管发生什么,他
都不在意。)
6
学科网(北京)股份有限公司No matter what he gives me, I will never marry him. (不管他给我
什么,我永远都不会嫁给他。)
2 whatever 既能用在句子中间,也能用在句首; 既可引导名词性
从句,也可引导状语从句。
Whatever you choose, I will pay for you. (无论你选什么,我都为
你买单。)
Choose whatever you like. (你喜欢什么就选择什么吧。)
【正误比较】
山羊找到什么就吃什么。
【错误】 Goats eat no matter what they find.
【正确】 Goats eat whatever they find.
no one; none
【词义辨析】
1 no one 只能单独使用,只指人,后面不能跟 of 短语;而 none
后常跟of短语,既可指人又可指物。none作主语,谓语动词用单、
复数均可;而no one作主语,谓语动词只能是 单数。
No one is in the next room. (隔壁房间没有人。)
None of you could answer the question. (你们中没有人能回答这
个问题。)
No one in this class likes to dance. (这个班级没有一个人喜欢跳
舞。)
2 none 与数量有关,可回答 how many,表示“一个也没有”; 而
7
学科网(北京)股份有限公司no one表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who。
—How many people are there in that room?—None. (那个房间里
有几个人?一个人也没有。)
—Who was late today?—No one. (今天谁迟到了?谁也没有迟
到。)
He thought there would be many people at the show, but when he
arrived he found none. (他以为会有很多人参加表演,但是当他到达
时发现一个人也没有。)
nobody; nothing; none
【词义辨析】
1 nobody的意思是“没有人”。
Nobody can recite the poem. (没有人会背诵这首诗。)
She likes nobody and nobody likes her. (她谁都不喜欢,也没有
人喜欢她。)
2 nothing的意思是“没有东西,没有事情”。
There's nothing in the room. (房间里什么也没有。)
Genius is nothing but labor and diligence. (天才只不过是努力工
作加勤奋。)
3 none表示“一个人也没有,没有任何东西或者人”。它强调三者
或三者以上的“都不……”。
None of the students has attended the meeting. (没有哪个学生参加
了这个会议。)
8
学科网(北京)股份有限公司None of them can speak English. (他们没有一个人会说英语。)
He has five books, but I have none. (他有五本书,我一本都没
有。)
noise; sound; voice
【词义辨析】
三者都有“声音”的意思。
1 noise 通常指嘈杂、刺耳的声音,这种声音起干扰作用,使人
厌烦,音量比较大。
Don't make noise in class. (在课堂上,不要吵闹。)
Noise is another kind of pollution. (噪声是另外一种污染。)
2 sound是普通用词,含义最广,指可以听得到的任何声音。
The sounds from the next room woke up the child. (隔壁房间传来
的声音把孩子弄醒了。)
Light goes faster than sound. (光比声音传播得快。)
The room is silent. There is not any sound at all. (房间里很静,根
本没有一点儿声音。)
3 voice作“声音”解时,多指人或动物发出的声音,包括说话声、
歌声和笑声,有时也用于引申意义,意思是“意见,发言权”。
The girl has a beautiful voice. (那女孩嗓音很美。)
His voice sounded as if he were a girl. (他的声音听起来好像是个
女孩。)
I have little voice in the matter. (我对此事没有多少发言权。)
9
学科网(北京)股份有限公司not only... but (also)...; not... but...
【词义辨析】
1 not only... but(also)...的意思是“不仅……而且……”,not only 位于
句首时,其后的从句要倒装。
The room is not only large but neat. (那个房间不但大而且整
洁。)
Not only did he teach English, but he taught French. (他不但在学
校里教英语,而且还教法语。)
We like not only music but also art. (我们不但喜欢音乐,而且也
喜欢艺术。)
2 not... but...的意思是“不是……而是……”,它否定 not 后面的内
容,强调but后面的内容。
He is not a lawyer but a writer. (他不是律师而是作家。)
The person I recommend is not you but him. (我推荐的那个人不
是你而是他。)
It's not me but my aunt who did the work. (是我姑姑而不是我做
了这个工作。)
notice; observe; catch sight of
【词义辨析】
1 notice的意思是“注意到,通知”。
I noticed him fall down from a horse. (我看到他从马上摔下
来。)
10
学科网(北京)股份有限公司I didn't notice that he was making a call. (我没有注意到他在打电
话。)
The teacher noticed us that tomorrow's class meeting were postponed.
(老师通知我们明天的班会延期。)
2 observe的意思是“注意,观察,仔细地看”。
I observed a letter on the table. (我注意到桌上有一封信。)
Being parents, we should observe our child's behavior. (作为父
母,我们应该仔细观察孩子的行为。)
He observed a girl go into his house. (他看到一个女孩进了他
家。)
Many satellites are invented to observe the orbit of the moon. (人们
发明了许多人造卫星用于观测月球的轨道。)
3 catch sight of的意思是“突然看到”。
Father didn't draw the curtains apart for fear that I would catch sight
of him. (父亲没把窗帘拉开,怕我会看见他。)
Tom caught sight of a dog running towards his father. (汤姆看到一
条狗朝他父亲跑去。)
notice; pay attention to
【词义辨析】
两者都有“注意”的意思。
1 notice 作动词时意思是“注意到”,带有出乎意料地注意到的意
味。
11
学科网(北京)股份有限公司I noticed someone go into the supermarket. (我注意到有人进了超
市。)
Did you notice his shoes? (你有没有注意到他的鞋?)
I noticed several girls dance in the room. (我注意到几个女孩在房
间里跳舞。)
2 pay attention to 用法比较正式,表达的是有意识地“留意,当
心,重视”的含义,带有点命令、祈使的口气。
Please pay attention to your dress and style of conversation. (请当
心你的衣着和谈吐。)
Please pay close attention to what I have just said to you. (请特别
注意我刚才给你们讲过的话。)
If we notice a friend is drooping, perhaps we can pay some special
attention to him. (如果说我们看到一个朋友意气消沉,也许我们能
给他一些特别的关怀)
now and then; now that
【词义辨析】
1 now and then的意思是“时而,不时,偶尔”。
Though he leads a hard life, the old man still manages to help his
neighbors now and then. (尽管老人自己过着艰苦的生活,但他仍然
时不时地帮助他的邻居。)
I still go to church now and then. (我现在还时不时地去教堂。)
2 now that的意思是“既然”。
12
学科网(北京)股份有限公司You ought to have a good rest now that you've finished the work.
(既然已完成了工作,你就应该好好休息一下。)
You should fulfill your duty now that you have promised him. (既
然你已经答应了他,就应该履行你的义务。)
13
学科网(北京)股份有限公司