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北师大版 必修第一册 Unit 1 Life choices；选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．sacrifice n．& v．牺牲
2．passive adj.被动的；消极的
3．insurance n．保险；保险业
4．leadership n．领导；领导地位
5．intensity n．强度；强烈
6．label n．便签，标记 vt.贴标签于
7．element n．基本部分；要素
8．entry n．进入；入口处；(词典等的)条目；登记；参赛作品
9．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
10．union n．协会；联合会；工会
11．self-pity n．自怜；自哀
12．workout n．锻炼；练习；试验
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．flash vi.& vt.闪现，闪过 n．闪光灯
2．target n．目标
3．update vt.更新
4．extent n．程度
5．ruin v．& n．糟蹋；毁坏
6．range n．一系列；范围 vi.变化
7．faraway adj.遥远的
8．might n．强大力量；威力
9．supply n．& v．供应，供给10．style n．方式；作风
11．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的
12．colleague n．同事；同僚
13．previous adj.以前的，先前的
14．absolutely adv.绝对地；当然
15．thus adv.因此，因而，从而
16．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
17．definitely adv.确切地，肯定地
18．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的
19．charity n．慈善机构，慈善团体
20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
21．discipline n．纪律；自制力 v．惩罚；训练
22．contact n．联系，联络 vt.联系(某人)
23．leisure n．空闲，闲暇，业余时间
24．chat(chatted；chatted) vi.& n．闲谈，聊天
25．remove vt.移动，迁移；开除；去掉 n．间距，距离
26．position n．位置；职位；姿态 v．安置；使处于
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定；职位→appointed adj.约定的；指
定的
2．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的
3．optimistic adj.乐观的→optimism n．乐观主义
4．necessity n．必需品→necessary adj.必要的；必需的；必然的→necessarily adv.必定地；
必然地
5．guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．犯罪；罪责；内疚
6．reduce vi.& vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少；下降；缩小
7．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版→publisher n．出版者，出版商；发行人(或机构)
8．replace v．接替；取代；更换→replaceable adj.可替换的；可代替的→replacement n．更
换；复位；代替者
9．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；矛盾，对立→tense adj.紧张的；拉紧的
10．expectation n．期待；预料，预期→expect vt.预料，预期；期待；期望，指望 vi.猜想，
认为，料想
11．countless adj.无数的，数不尽的→count v．数数；计算总数；把……算入，包括；认为，
看作→counter n．柜台；对立面；计数器
12．fashion n．时尚→fashionable adj.流行的；时髦的；上流社会的→fashionably adv.赶时髦地；按照流行地
13．stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的→stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张 v．强调；使紧张
→stressed adj.焦虑的，紧张的
14．aim n．目的，意图 vi.& vt.力求达到；目的是；瞄准→aimless adj.没有目标的；无目
的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地
15．defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的→defend vt.为……辩护；防护 vi.保卫；防守→defenc(s)e
n．防御；防卫；答辩；防卫设备
16．inspire vt.鼓励，激励→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的
→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的；启发灵感的→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞；妙计
17．attractive adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→attraction n．吸引，吸引力；吸引人的事
物→attract v．吸引；引起(反应)
18．tough adj.艰难的，难办的→toughly adv.固执地；强硬地→toughness n．韧性；强硬
19．respond vi.回答；回复；做出反应；回应→response n．响应；反应；回答
20．influential adj.有很大影响的→influence n．影响；势力；有影响的人(或事物) v．影响
21．retire vi.& vt.(使)退休；(令)退职；(因伤)退出(比赛等)→retirement n．退休，退役
→retiree n．(美)退休人员
1．entrust vt.委托；托付
2．social media社交媒体
3．nourish a dream怀有梦想
4．strive vi.努力；奋斗
5．distraction n．使人分心的事物
6．encyclopedia n．百科全书
7．fulfillment n．履行；实现；满足(感)
8．setback n．挫折；退步；逆流
9．boil down to sth 归结为；要点是
10．pessimist n．悲观主义者
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2．moral dilemma道德困境
3．in tears流着泪；含着泪
4．in despair处于绝望中
5．in memory of为了纪念
6．trip over被……绊倒7．from time to time有时；偶尔；间或
8．in person亲自
9．all in all总而言之，总的来说
10．to...extent到……程度；在……程度上
11．apart from...除……之外
12．in other words换句话说
13．suffer from(身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
14．succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事
15．be responsible for对……负责
16．at the moment此刻，目前，眼下
17．retire from从……退休
18．inspire sb to do...激励某人做……
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
He would rather sacrifice his life than see damage done to state property.
他宁可牺牲自己的生命，也不愿看到国家财产遭受损失。
2．the first...to do sth首先要做的……
During a fire，the first thing to do is get out of the house as fast as you can.
发生火灾时，首先要做的就是尽快离开房子。
3．leave＋sb＋宾补
No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，so I
am always left wanting more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
无论我在哪里买，一个蒸笼都不够，但两个似乎很贪婪，所以下次我总是想要更多。
4．that引导的同位语从句
There is a possibility that you will achieve your goal as long as you put your heart into it.
只要你全神贯注于你的目标，你就有可能实现它。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共6分)
1．sacrifice n．& v．牺牲
2．leadership n．领导；领导地位
3．label n．便签，标记 vt.贴标签于
4．element n．基本部分；要素
5．entry n． 进入；入口处； ( 词典等的 ) 条目；登记；参赛作品
6．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．target n．目标
2．update vt.更新
3．ruin v．& n．糟蹋；毁坏
4．range n．一系列；范围 vi.变化
5．supply n．& v．供应，供给
6．previous adj.以前的，先前的
7．absolutely adv.绝对地；当然
8．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
9．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的
10．discipline n．纪律；自制力 v．惩罚；训练
11．contact n．联系，联络 vt.联系(某人)
12．remove vt.移动，迁移；开除；去掉 n．间距，距离
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共18分)
1．guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．犯罪；罪责；内疚
2．optimistic adj.乐观的→optimism n．乐观主义
3．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；矛盾，对立→tense adj.紧张的；拉紧的
4．reduce vi.& vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少；下降；缩小
5．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定；职位→appointed adj.约定的；指
定的
6．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版→publisher n．出版者，出版商；发行人(或机构)
7．replace v．接替；取代；更换→replaceable adj.可替换的，可代替的→replacement n．更
换；复位；代替者
8．respond vi.回答；回复；做出反应；回应→response n．响应；反应；回答
9．expectation n．期待；预料，预期→expect vt.预料，预期；期待；期望，指望 vi.猜想，
认为，料想
10．influential adj.有很大影响的→influence n．影响；势力；有影响的人(或事物) v．影响
11．retire vi.& vt.(使)退休；(令)退职；(因伤)退出(比赛等)→retirement n．退休，退役
→retiree n．(美)退休人员
12．tough adj.艰难的，难办的→toughly adv.固执地；强硬地→toughness n．韧性；强硬
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．entrust vt.委托；托付
2．nourish a dream怀有梦想
3．setback n．挫折；退步；逆流4．strive vi.努力；奋斗
5．fulfillment n． 履行；实现；满足 ( 感 )
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．in despair 处于绝望中
2．retire from 从……退休
3．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
4．trip over 被……绊倒
5．in memory of 为了纪念
6．in other words 换句话说
7．at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下
8．in person 亲自
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共16分)
1．She is a fashionable girl；she is dressed especially fashionably today.(fashion)
2．He felt his life was so aimless that he walked aimlessly down the street.(aim)
3．This policy of the company is very stressful and everyone is stressed and depressed.(stress)
4．This tourist attraction is so attractive that tourists come to visit it in an endless stream.
(attract)
5．The news that he will be promoted is so inspiring that everyone is greatly inspired.(inspire)
6．He put countless coins on the counter and left angrily，which was really surprising.(count)
7．It’s necessary for you to eat less fried food.But you don’t necessarily need to avoid it
completely.(necessity)
8．We definitely have to improve from a defensive point of view and solve the problems we have
in defenc(s)e.(defend)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．We should adjust our aim from time to time in order to go ahead continuously.
2．There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming.
3．Despite the failure，she believed her determination and hard work would carry her through
tough times.
4．A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods.
5．Apart from helping the homeless，he also raises money for those poor children.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．我家里的每个成员宁愿努力工作也不愿去抱怨和放弃。(would rather do...than do...)
Every member of my family would rather work hard than complain and give up.
2．他2001年毕业于浙江大学，是他的大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人。(the first...todo...)
He graduated from Zhejiang University in 2001 and became the first to earn a bachelor ’ s degree
in his large family.
3．“管好你自己的事，别管我，”那家伙一看到女孩就不耐烦地说。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
“Just mind your own business and leave me alone，” said the guy impatiently at the sight of
the girl.
4．这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极其孤独的人，他们很容易成为行骗的目标。
(that引导的同位语从句)
This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his
community，who are easy to be targets of cheating.
1．Compared(compare) to the universe，lives of human beings are really short.So how can
you live each day to the fullest with your 2.limited(limit) life？I have some suggestions for
you,3.which will definitely inspire you.First of all，we should keep a positive attitude，get rid
4.of bad habits，set up a 5.practical(practice) target in life and make great efforts to achieve
it.Secondly，we should obey the moral principles and disciplines.I also strongly suggest that
you contact 6.your(you) friends regularly.We should also take part in a wide range of outdoor
7.activities(activity) and do regular workouts.Last but not least，it’s necessary for you to
8.constantly(constant) update your knowledge 9.to keep(keep) up with the times.All in all，as
long as you can follow the suggestions，you will surely live 10.a beautiful and meaningful life.
supply n．& v．供给，提供，补给
•in short supply供应不足
a large supply of大量……的供应
•supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth 给某人提供某物
(1)Don’t forget that camels need a large supply of plants grown in the desert to eat.
(2)The government has supplied plenty of shelters to the people in the earthquake-hit area.
(3)The fresh vegetables are in short supply on the mountaintop，which has a negative influence
on their life.
(4)这次采摘活动为我们提供了一个能更进一步理解农民艰辛的机会。
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
This picking activity supplied a chance to us/us with a chance to further understand the hardship of
the farmers.
contact vt.联络，联系 n．联系；接触•contact sb at...通过(邮箱、电话等)与某人联系
•in contact with 接触；与……有联系
get into/make contact with和……取得联系
stay/keep in contact with与……保持联系
be out of/lose contact with与……失去联系
(1)Although the case is from the same locality as the previous case，they have no direct contact
with each other.
(2)If you want to know more details about the activity ， please contact Li Hua at
123456543@163.com.
(3)Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.
(4)因此，无论我们在哪里，彼此之间保持联系绝对是重要的。
Thus，no matter where we are，keeping/staying in contact with each other is definitely important.
appoint vt.任命；委派；安排，确定(地点、时间)(appointment n．约会；约定，预约；
委任 appointed adj.约定的)
•appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
•make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
(1)I have something urgent to handle，which means I have to cancel the appointment(appoint)
with you，and I will appoint my brother to look(look) into those complaints who can then find
solutions.
(2)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed
time.
(3)After he was appointed as/to be headmaster of the school，he spared no effort to improve its
teaching quality.
→Appointed as/to be headmaster of the school，he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
(用非谓语动词改写)
replace v．(用……)替换；代替；把……放回原处
•replace...with/by...用……替换……
•in place of代替
take the place of代替
take one’s place代替；就座(1)We all know that cycling is a great exercise and our cities will be better places if we replace cars
with/by bicycles.(2022·全国乙改编)
(2)David Smith has officially announced the supermodel，Karen would take the place of Michelle
as the store’s new fashion ambassador.
(3)埃勒斯最终成功地把这只动物哄到了他身边。兴奋取代了紧张和恐惧。
Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Joy took the place of/replace nervousness
and fear./Nervousness and fear were replaced by/with joy.
stress n．压力；紧张；强调；重要性；重读 vt.强调；使紧张；加压力于；重读
(stressed adj.焦虑不安的；紧张的 stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的)
•under stress在压力之下；承受压力
lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……
•stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
• stressed out疲惫不堪；焦虑不安
面对即将到来的紧张的生活，你不仅焦虑不安而且你也处在巨大压力之下。在我个人看来，
再怎么强调良好心态的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)
Faced with the coming stressful life，not only are you stressed (out) but you also are under
great stress.Personally，I can ’ t stress/lay stress on the importance/significance of a good state of
mind too much.
aim n．目的；目标 vi.& vt.瞄准；力求达到；力争做到；目的是(aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.无目标地)
•take aim at瞄准……
with the aim of有……的目的；以……为目标
•aim at瞄准
aim sth at sb/sth 用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物
aim to do.../at doing...旨在做……；力求达到……(主语往往是人)
be aimed at目的是；旨在(主语往往是物)
(1)Aiming to enrich(enrich) the elders’ leisure life after their retirement，they will hold a series
of activities.
(2)The activity is aimed at enriching our school life and improving the relationship between
students.
(3)他创办这个工厂的目的是发展民族工业，为社会做贡献。
He set up the factory with the aim of developing national industry and making contributions to
society.(aim n．)
defence(＝defense) n．防御；防御工事；保卫(defend vt.防御；保护，保卫；辩解defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的)
•in defence (of)保卫……；为……辩护
•defend sb/sth from/against sb/(doing) sth 保护某人(物)免受伤害；保卫某人(物)
(1)The lady stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence.
(2)我和妻子用胡椒喷雾保护自己不受北极熊的攻击。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
My wife and I used pepper spray to defend ourselves from/against being attacked by the polar bear.
(defend)
(3)我们对那些为保卫祖国而牺牲的士兵表示极大的敬意，我们会永远怀念他们。
We show great respect for the soldiers who sacrificed their lives in defence of our country and we
will cherish the memory of them forever.(defence)
attractive adj.有吸引力的[attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣) attraction n．吸
引；吸引人的事物]
•be attracted to喜爱，为……所吸引
attract one’s attention/interest吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
•tourist attractions(＝places of interest)旅游胜地
(1)Child as he is，the boy has read many attractive(attract) novels and short stories on the
meaning of life.
(2)All the experts were attracted to the completely new solution to the current dangerous situation.
(3)这部冒险小说吸引了这个男孩如此多的注意力，以至于他不能专心学习。
The adventure novel attracted the boy ’ s attention so much that he couldn’t focus on study.
(4)西湖，一处位于杭州的旅游胜地，每年吸引成千上万的游客，值得一游。(应用文写作之
推荐信)
The West Lake，a tourist attraction lying in Hangzhou，which attracts thousands of tourists
every year，is worth visiting.
respond vt.回答；回应 vi.回答；回应；响应；做出反应(response n．回答；回复；反
应)
•respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复
•in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)My colleague，Mary，made no response(respond) to the principle，which made me boil with
anger.
(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises.
(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.
influential adj.有很大影响的；有支配力的(influence n．& v．影响)
have an influence on/upon(＝have an effect/impact on/upon)对……有影响
under the influence of在……的影响下
under one’s influence在某人的影响下
(1)As a person of low rank，my words are not influential(influence)，so I would rather keep
silent.
(2)在我物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，我的物理老师是我的榜样，
他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Under my physics teacher ’ s influence/Under the influence of my physics teacher ，I have grown
increasingly interested in physics.In other words，my physics teacher is my role model，who has
a great influence on/upon me.So he is the person I respect most.
in despair 处于绝望中
in a hurry匆忙地
in anxiety焦虑地
in a bad mood心情不好
in trouble处于困难中
in panic 惊慌地
in surprise/astonishment 惊讶地
in a dilemma处于两难境地
in high spirits兴高采烈；情绪高涨
(1)Although her heart was fluttering in anxiety(anxious)，Kate was in a hurry to go to school，
because she had an important exam.
(2)人们兴高采烈地在海滩上玩耍。当局发布海啸警报后，游客们在恐慌和绝望中逃离。
People were playing in high spirits on the beach.After the authority issued a tsunami warning，
tourists fled in panic and in despair.
(3)作为社区的一员，我们应该向有困难的邻居伸出援手。
As a member of the community，we should give a helping hand to our neighbors who are in
trouble.
(4)我的室友还在犹豫是出国深造还是在国内找份工作。
My roommate is still in a dilemma of whether to go abroad for further study or get a job at home.would rather do...than do... He would rather sacrifice his life than see damage done
to state property.他宁可牺牲自己的生命，也不愿看到国家财产遭受损失。
•would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事(而)不愿做某事
同义短语还有：
would do sth rather than do sth
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth
•would rather＋从句：表示对现在或将来的虚拟用一般过去时；表示对过去的虚拟用过去完
成时。
(1)The lady would rather she had bought(buy) the green sneakers that matched her trousers
perfectly.
(2)The businessman is so busy today that he would rather the meeting were held(hold) tomorrow.
(3)锻炼可以帮助我们燃烧脂肪，所以我们宁愿参加更多的户外活动，而不是长时间坐在电
视机或电脑前。
Workout can help us burn off fat，so we would rather take part in more outdoor activities than
sit/we prefer to take part in more outdoor activities rather than sit/prefer taking part in more outdoor
activities to sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．remove
(1)He removed his hand from her shoulder and said goodbye to her. D
(2)I removed all my clothes the second I got home because they were drenched(湿透的)． C
(3)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．
(2023·新课标Ⅰ) B
(4)The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty. A
2．position
(1)If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate. C
(2)The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.(2023·全国乙)
A
(3)I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
D
(4)I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position，but I did manage to get a master’s
degree in fine arts. B3．tough
A.adj.坚固的 B.adj.强壮的，坚强的 C.adj.食物嚼不烂的 D.adj.严厉的 E.adj.艰苦
的，艰难的
(1)His tough character resulted in his final success. B
(2)Don’t be tough on him—he was only trying to help. D
(3)Asparagus(芦笋) is by nature tender and tasty at one end，but gets tougher and difficult to eat
at the other end. C
(4)Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable(可生物降解的) material
inspired by insects’ hard outer shells. A
(5)Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and
high school kids.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) E
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.锻炼
(2)Though he tried with all his might to push the rock，it remained still.强大力量，威力
(3)Keep in mind that you should mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.参赛作品
(4)He was one of the first people to use high-speed flash in bird photography.闪光灯
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Committed to scientific research to a great extent，he couldn’t spare any time to go on
holiday.
2．I always remember his words：Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence!
3．He has a large number of interests，ranging(range) from playing chess to swimming.
4．Apart from a small team of paid staff，the organization consists of unpaid volunteers at
present.
5．Knowing that my parents allowed me to spend money of my own，I was in great surprise.
(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
6．The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to
social media posts quickly and around the clock.
7．I really want to obtain this precious opportunity and I hold the firm belief that I can live up to
your expectations(expect)．
8．So，if it is a sunny day，most of people prefer to do(do) some outdoor activities and enjoy the
warm sunshine rather than stay at home.
9．Qian Xuesen，an outstanding scientist who made great contributions to our country’s
defensive/defence(defend) system will be honored forever.
10．This is a lifestyle that is damaging us，making us unhealthy，stressed(stress) out，and
unhappy.
11．Whenever some problems arose，he would always chat with me continually to put me atease.
12．I hope her story can inspire you to pursue(pursue) your dreams in the same way in which it
has helped me.
13．When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was
time to take the plunge.(2022·全国甲)
14．Aimed(aim) at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking，this activity is
very popular.
假定你是李华，你校的英语报正在征稿。请你结合以下名人名言，写一篇题为“My
Understanding of Optimism”的征文。
“A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity；an optimist sees the opportunity in every
difficulty.”
—Winston Churchill
内容包括：1.你对该名言的理解；2.结合生活实例；3.你对该名言的感悟。
完成句子
1．“悲观主义者在每个机会中看到困难；乐观主义者在每个困难中看到机会”这句名言被
许多人当作座右铭作为对乐观主义力量的诠释。(optimism)
2．当我复习准备高考时，我几乎所有的模拟考试都没考好，这让我很沮丧。(leave＋sb＋宾
补)
3．然而，是我的父母不时地给我打气，激励我朝着光明的一面看。(inspire sb to do；强调句
型)
4．他们总是强调拥有乐观生活态度的重要性，并给予了我很多支持。(stress the importance
of)
5．困难在我们的生活中是不可避免的，但只要我们努力在每个困难中看到机会，我们就有
可能实现我们的目标。(that引导同位语从句)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文
My Understanding of Optimism
The famous quote “A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity；an optimist sees the
opportunity in every difficulty.” is taken as a motto by many people as an illustration of the power
of optimism.
When I was revising for the College Entrance Exam，I failed to do well in almost all
mocks，leaving me frustrated.However，it was my parents who cheered me up from time to time
and inspired me to look on the bright side.They always stressed the importance of having an
optimistic attitude towards life and gave me lots of support.
Thinking back on those days gives rise to my reflection.Difficulty is unavoidable in our life，
but there are possibilities that we can achieve our goals as long as we try to see the opportunity in
every difficulty.
语料积累 动作细节描写：哭泣、流泪
weep v．哭泣 water v．流泪 sob v．呜咽 moan v．呻吟 sniffle v．(因哭
单词
泣)抽鼻子 wail/bawl v．放声大哭
be bathed in tears 泪流满面 fight/hold back tears抑制眼泪 be in floods of tears泪
如泉涌 burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来 shed tears流泪 choke up哽
词块
咽 cry one’s eyes/heart out悲痛欲绝 cry bitter/lonely tears留下痛苦/孤独的泪水
sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.(with复合结
构)简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。
2．Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.比尔抑制住泪
水，并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。
句型
3．Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t realize
that.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗没有意识到这一切。
4．Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out，asking me to forgive him.赛西尔后
来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。
语料运用 Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to life after a chain ofoperations but went blind forever，①which threw her in the depth of despair(定语从句)．Scared
to face the future，② she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hand s (with复合结构)．
Seeing his wife ③bathed in tears(分词短语作宾补)，her husband，Mark，was heartbroken.He
tended her with great care and ④determined to assist her to regain strength and optimism and step
out of such a passive dilemma.He bought her a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and
⑤accompanied her to join in community activities.Gradually，⑥ Susan ’ s tension was replaced
by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.⑦It is you that/who carry me through
the tough situation(强调句式)．”
苏珊在一场车祸中晕倒了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于活了过来，但却永远失明，这让她
陷入了绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来，她经常掩面哭泣。看到妻子泪流满面，丈夫马克心
碎了。他非常细心地照顾她，决心帮助她恢复力量和乐观，走出困境。他给她买了一只导盲
犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她参加社区活动。渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪被自信所取代。她轻
声说：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·贵州贵阳期中)
As the world has changed，so has education.Since 2018，Nelly Cheboi and her nonprofit
TechLit Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya，helping students
join the digital world，and unlock their potential.With its own software programs，curriculum(课
程) and teacher training programs，this nonprofit hopes to change Africa.
In 2012，Cheboi received a scholarship to College in Illinois that changed her life.She grew
up in poverty in rural Kenya，watching her mother struggle to support her family alone.Cheboi
had no experience with computers before moving to the US to study.She handwrote papers and then
struggled to type them out on a laptop computer.Somehow she fell in love with computer science
and began a career in the field.But she did not lose sight of her origins.“As an undergraduate，I
invested all of my income from various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya，” she
said on the TechLit Africa website.But soon she wanted to do more for it and that is how TechLit
Africa began.
Cheboi recalled how her background helped her understand how important technological
knowledge could be for children living in poverty.She built a school with the idea of bringing
computer science as part of kids’ curriculum growing up.But she found that it was going to be
really hard to impact as many people as possible，because it was so hard to fund raise.Then in
order to reach more students ， she introduced computer training to existing schools.Cheboi
physically dragged over 40 recycled computers that had been donated to them by various techcompanies to Kenya in suitcases.
Now，since the nonprofit has grown，it works with various companies that help them clean
the donated computers of data and send them to Africa.TechLit Africa runs its own curriculum with
its own software programs in 10 Kenyan schools，and the hope is to increase to 100 throughout
Africa by next year.The students love learning about computers，and in turn are gaining skills that
will help them make use of their talents into a way out of poverty.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Nelly Cheboi和她的非营利组织TechLit Africa一
直在将计算机技术带入肯尼亚的学校，让贫困的学生有机会接触数字技术。
1．What has Cheboi been doing since 2018?
A．Boosting her science career.
B．Promoting digital education.
C．Starting a scholarship program.
D．Updating the computer courses.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since 2018，Nelly Cheboi and her nonprofit TechLit
Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya，helping students join the
digital world，and unlock their potential.”可知，Cheboi自2018年以来一直在推动数字教育。
故选B。
2．What inspired Cheboi to set up TechLit Africa?
A．Her love for computer science.
B．Her desire to help her hometown.
C．Her dream of supporting her family.
D．Her childhood experience in the US.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘As an undergraduate，I invested all of my income
from various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya，’ she said on the TechLit Africa
website.But soon she wanted to do more for it and that is how TechLit Africa began.”可推知，她
想帮助家乡的愿望激励了她建立TechLit Africa。故选B。
3．What do we know about Cheboi from paragraph 3?
A．She hopes to help more kids.
B．She plans to build new schools.
C．She seeks to develop new courses.
D．She calls for donations of computers.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But she found that it was going to be really hard toimpact as many people as possible...Then in order to reach more students ，she introduced
computer training to existing schools.”可知，Cheboi希望帮助更多的孩子。故选A。
4．Which of the following can best describe Cheboi?
A．Sensitive. B．Considerate.
C．Devoted. D．Cooperative.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As an undergraduate，I invested all of my income from
various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya”及第三段中的“Cheboi physically
dragged over 40 recycled computers that had been donated to them by various tech companies to
Kenya in suitcases.”可知，Cheboi将自己的全部收入捐给家乡，并且自己将捐赠的电脑运回
肯尼亚。由此推知，Cheboi是一个很有奉献精神的人。故选C。
B
For much of human history，ethical behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule：do to
others as you would have them do to you.But the rule is imperfect.What you want in a given
situation may not be what another person desires at all.
In the medical field，as health care becomes more individualized，the time seems right for a
new ethical guideline—the “platinum( 白 金 ) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max
Chochinov：do to others as they would want done to themselves.
Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year.He begins with a story
about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen.The care doctor，after seeing her twisted(扭曲的)
body，was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange
question：Did Ellen read magazines? “The question was frightening，” Chochinov writes，
because “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen...but rather a way to decide if hers was a
life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life，but the gap
between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want
in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule.“That’s when judging from where
you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained.
Time is a limited resource in the health-care system，and there’s no denying that getting to
know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours.Still，Chochinov
believes such investment is cost-effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.“When they
emotionally connect to their patients，they do a better job.”
In certain cases，doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule.But there is value in the
effort：at the very least，their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient
modesty about the wisdom of their choices.
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章介绍了医学领域的“白金法则”，作者认为运用这种法则的
努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。5．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field?
A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment.
B．To help doctors acquire accurate information.
C．To increase chances of survival for patients.
D．To make person-centered care accessible to patients.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In the medical field，as health care becomes more
individualized，the time seems right for a new ethical guideline”可推知，将“白金法则”引入
医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。故选D。
6．What can we learn from Ellen’s story?
A．A health crisis caused her disability.
B．The doctor was curious about her hobby.
C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs.
D．Her brother sang high praises for the treatment.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen...but rather a
way to decide if hers was a life worth saving”可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生并不太关
心她的需要。故选C。
7．Which statement might Chochinov agree with?
A．Health-care system needs investing.
B．Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding.
C．Trust between doctors and patients is important.
D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Still，Chochinov believes such investment is cost-
effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.”可推断，乔奇诺夫会赞同“花时间了解病人是
值得的”。故选B。
8．What is the author’s attitude towards the platinum rule?
A．Objective. B．Favorable.
C．Careful. D．Unclear.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为虽然医生运用“白金法则”会很辛苦，
但是这种努力是值得的，因为这将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者
支持“白金法则”。故选B。C
Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos.For every pack of yogurt that a
person bought ， he would donate yogurt to a family in need.Danone had done its
research.Increasingly，people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of
purpose.Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing.But Juntos was a failure.Despite
sinking millions into a marketing campaign，Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months
after it was launched.Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure，Lawrence Williams and his
colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to
pick one option.They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while
others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure”．They found
that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with
people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain
their decision-making to find out.He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about
how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives.Instead，they were occupied
with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices.But cheap products can create
many problems.Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.As a result，
we shop more often，which is ultimately worse for our wallets.Plus，that spending pattern can do
greater damage to the environment.Thanks in part to fast fashion，people buy 60 percent more
clothing today than they did 15 years ago.The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases
than international flights and maritime(海运的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals，try not to fix only on what you are
spending or saving.Think carefully about what you are buying，too.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章就“是否应该为了追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品”进
行了讨论。
9．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?
A．It ignored marketing strategies.
B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly good taste.
D．It focused on delight and pleasure.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“They found that participants who prioritized meaning
preferred the less expensive product”可知，把意义放在首位的参与者更喜欢便宜的产品，因
此我们可以推断Juntos失败的主要原因是它以公益意义为卖点，但实际定价相对较高，所以买的人少。故选B。
10．What can be inferred about meaning-seekers?
A．They frequent high-end stores.
B．They think products extend their lives.
C．They hesitate to make decisions.
D．They make more purchases with money.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking
about...what else they could do with their money.”可推知，以意义为导向的人更关注用钱做更
多的事情，买更多的东西，故选D。
11．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By giving some examples.
B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasons.
D．By making some comparisons.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“But cheap products can create many problems.Inexpensive
options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.”和“Plus，that spending pattern can do
greater damage to the environment.”可推断，作者是通过解释买廉价产品会产生很多问题的
原因来行文的，故选C。
12．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Innovation：a Product’s Life
B．To Buy or Not to Buy
C．Meaning-seekers or Quality-pursuers
D．Fast Fashion：a Hit to Your Wallet
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要讨论了是否应该为了
追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品，C选项符合文章主旨，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·陕西汉中多校联考)
You may feel your backbreaking and low-paid part-time summer job isn’t worth your effort.
1 Here are some you can enjoy.
When landing a job，you’ll put yourself into unfamiliar territory and learn how to survive
and develop there. 2 Whether it’s learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss，you
must rely on yourself for solutions，through which you can build up your self-belief.Hanging around all summer is a great way to relax，but it won’t contribute to your time
management skill. 3 This skill helps you decide what should be accomplished in a day and
learn how to handle those things to make it happen，which involves prioritizing，planning and
judging how much you can realistically finish.The best way to develop this skill is through
practice.With loads of free time，you’ll likely not have to flex your time-management muscles.
4 Take it easy.Most people change their minds many times before settling on their long-
term career.Getting out into the workforce as a waiter at a cafe may not help you see what it’ll
be like as a doctor but you’ll figure out whether you like to work with people or whether you can
work efficiently under pressure.A summer job helps zero in on your likes and dislikes to evaluate
your strengths and resolve your weaknesses.
Chances are that your social circle is comprised of people in your age group.However，in a
job，you’ll work with diverse groups of people，from whom you’ll learn varying viewpoints
and experiences. 5
A．Working will，though.
B．But such jobs uplift willpower.
C．Not sure of your future profession?
D．Does a summer job help with college?
E．Actually，its added bonuses go beyond your wallet.
F．There’re various confidence-boosting challenges to overcome.
G．You can develop friendships and increase your visibility as well.
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。你可能会觉得你的暑期兼职工作不值得你付出努力，而实际上
暑期工作能给你带来收入以外的意外收获。
1．答案 E
解析 上文提到你可能会觉得你的暑期兼职工作不值得你付出努力，下文则列举了几项益处，
所以E项中的“Actually”能与上文形成转折关系，“its added bonuses”能与下文提到的好
处相呼应。故选E项。
2．答案 F
解析 下文“Whether it’s learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss”与 F 项中的
“challenges”指代一致，且 “build up your self-belief”呼应 F 项的“confidence-
boosting”，故选F项。
3．答案 A
解析 上文说的是闲逛不会对你的时间管理技能有帮助，下文则说最好的方法是通过实践，
与A项“然而工作可以(帮助你提高时间管理技能)”表达的含义一致，A项中的“though”
与前文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选A项。
4．答案 C解析 根据下文可知，本段主要说的是如果不确定你未来的职业，不要着急，利用暑期工作
的机会评估一下，帮助你做出选择，与C项“Not sure of your future profession？”表达的含
义一致，故选C项。
5．答案 G
解析 该空上文说的是暑期工作会让你走出你的社交圈，你可以从不同的群体中接触到各种
观点和经历，与G项“你还可以发展友谊，增加受关注度”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
