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主题群二 自然与灾害
话题 34 自然灾害与防范
Ⅰ.闪记核心单词
1.灾难；灾害 n.disaster
2.旱灾；久旱 n.drought
3.(使)滑行；滑动 vi.&vt. slide(slid ， slid)
4.洪水；大量 n.淹没；大量涌入 vi.使灌满水；淹没 vt.flood
5.(地)震级；重大 n.magnitude
6.营救；救援n.&vt.rescue
7.损害；破坏 vt.损坏；损失 n.damage
8.摧毁；毁灭 vt.destroy
9.疏散；撤出 vt.撤离 vi.evacuate
10.直升机 n.helicopter
11.避难处；居所；庇护 n.保护；掩蔽 vt.躲避 (风雨或危险) vi.shelter
12.裂纹；裂缝 n.(使)破裂vi.&vt.crack
13.破坏；毁坏n.&vt.ruin
14.百分之…… n.每一百中 adj.&adv.percent
15.砖；砖块 n.brick
16.金属 n.metal17.电；电能 n.electricity
18.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 vt.险境；陷阱n.trap
19.埋葬；安葬 vt.bury
20.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 n.effort
21.统一；(使)成一体 vi.&vt.unify
22.上下文；语境；背景 n.context
23.供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 n.供应；供给 vt.supply
24.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 vi.&vt.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 n.tap
25.管子；管道 n.pipe
26.吹口哨；发出笛声 vi.吹口哨 vt.哨子(声)；呼啸声n.whistle
27.镇静的；沉着的 adj.使平静；使镇静 vt.calm
28.援助；帮助；救援物资 n.帮助；援助 vi.&vt.aid
29.成套工具；成套设备 n.kit
30.碰撞；撞击 vt.&vi.撞车；碰撞 n.crash
31.打扫；清扫 vi.&vt.sweep
32.海浪；波浪 n.挥手；招手vi.&vt.wave
33.侵袭；突击；击打 vi.&vt.罢工；罢课；袭击n. strike(struck ， struck/stricken)
34.总结；概括；概要 n.summary
35.死；死亡 n.death→死亡vi.die→临终的；垂死的 adj.dying→死的 adj.dead→
致命的 adj.deadly36.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 vt.affect→影响；结果；效果 n.effect→有效的
adj.effective
37. 震 惊 ； 令 人 震 惊 的 事 ； 休 克 n.( 使 ) 震 惊 vt.shock→ 令 人 震 惊 的
adj.shocking→感到震惊的 adj.shocked
38.呼吸 vi.&vt.breathe→呼吸 n.breath→气喘吁吁的 adj.breathless
39.复活；(使)苏醒 vt.&vi.revive→振兴；复苏 n.revival
40.智慧；才智 n.wisdom→明智的 adj.wise→不明智的 adj.unwise→明智地
adv.wisely
41.遭受；蒙受 vt.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 vi.suffer→受难；苦楚
n.suffering→患难者；患病者 n.sufferer
42.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 vi.&vt.erupt→喷发 n.eruption
43.生存；存活 vi.幸存；艰难度过 vt.survive→幸存；生还 n.survival→幸存者
生还者 n.survivor
44.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 n.power→强大的；强壮的 adj.powerful→
无力的 adj.powerless
45.突发事件；紧急情况 n.emergency→紧急的 adj.emergent→浮现；出现
vi.emerge
46.递送；传达 vt.&vi.发表 vt.deliver→投递；送交 n.delivery
47.长；长度 n.length→长的 adj.long→(使)变长 v.lengthen
Ⅱ.速记重点短语
1.建立自己的事业 set up one’s own business
2.拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth3.像往常一样 as usual
4.似乎；好像；仿佛 as if
5.结束 come to an end
6.严重受损；破败不堪 in ruins
7.……的数量 the number of...
8.震惊；吃惊 in shock
9.挖掘真相 dig out the truth
10.被困于，陷于 be trapped in
11.被困于，被埋于 be buried in
12.站起来 get back up on one’s feet
13.努力做某事 make an effort/efforts to do sth
14.成为……的家园 become a home to
15.在灾难时期 in times of disaster
16.重建更光明的未来 rebuild for a brighter future
17.露天；在户外 in the open air
18.急救箱 first aid kit
19.现有(尤指帮助) on hand
20.消灭；彻底消除 sweep away
21.某人突然想起某事 it strikes sb that...
22.发表演讲 deliver a speech
23.对……产生影响 have an effect on...
24.保持镇静 keep calm
25.医疗用品 medical supplies
Ⅲ.快记经典句式
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside
buildings.(too...to...表示否定)
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也拒绝进入室内。
2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if从句中的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！3.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than
400，000.(who引导定语从句)
在这次地震中丧生或者身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
4.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves...(比喻)
砖块像秋天的红叶一样铺满了地面……
5.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
很难得到水、食物和电。
6.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out
those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(who引导定语从句)
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，
并掩埋死者。
7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(whose 引导
定语从句)
援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
8.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.(拟人)
慢慢地，这座城市又开始呼吸了。
9.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed
into coastlines across Asia yesterday ， killing more than 6 ， 500 people in
Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(分词短语
作状语)
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、
印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。10.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
(be doing...when...)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
Ⅳ.话题语篇填空
Strange things appeared before the Tangshan earthquake happened. For several days
the water in the village wells 1.rose (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks in
them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. Some animals 2.including(include)fish,
mice behaved strangely. Other strange things also happened in the city, 3.but people
thought little of these events and they slept as usual.
Finally a terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in which a lot
of people died and many 4.were injured (injure). Many houses fell down and sand
filled the wells instead of water. People were greatly shocked. All the electricity in the
city was cut off and people began 5.to wonder (wonder) how long the disaster would
last. The whole city was 6.completely (complete) destroyed and the world seemed to
be 7.at an end. It was one of the most destructive earthquakes ever, 8.which shocked
the whole nation.
9.However, the people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope because 150，000 soldiers were
sent to Tangshan. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those who were trapped. They
also built shelters for the 10.survivors (survive). Fresh water was taken to the city by
every means. Slowly, the city began to come back to life.
