文档内容
1．earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
2．butterfly n．蝴蝶
3．literature n．文学，文学作品
4．shell n．贝壳；壳
5．sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
be sensitive to...对……敏感
6．soul n．灵魂；心性，内心
7．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
be capable of...有能力做……
8．awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来
9．launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
10．element n．要素，基本部分
11．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
12．feature n．特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
13．author n．作者，作家
14．therefore adv.因此，所以
15．issue n．重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布
16．novel n．(长篇)小说
17．upper adj.上部的；上面的
18．gap n．差距；间隙
19．context n．(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
20．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
21．topic n．话题；题目；标题
22．section n．部分，部门；部件，散件
23．mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v．意思是；打算；意味着mean to do...打算做……
mean doing...意味着……
24．turkey n．火鸡；火鸡肉
25．chapter n．章节；篇章
26．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办
27．autobiography n．自传
28．biography n．传记，传记作品
29．destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
30．defeat vt.击败，战胜 n．失败，战败；击败
31．straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正
32．strain n．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
33．alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起
34．noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
35．weave vi.& vt.(weaved，weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove，woven)编
36．mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的
37．flash n．闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
·in a flash立刻，一瞬间
·flash into闪现；掠过
38．description n．描述，形容，说明→describe vt.描写；形容；描绘
beyond description难以形容，无法形容
39．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．反
映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像
40．permanence n．永久，持久性→permanent adj.永久的
41．summary n．总结，概括，概要→summaris(z)e v．总结，概括；概述
in summary总的来说；总之
42．collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt.收集；募捐→collector n．收集
者；收藏家
43．transport vt.运输，运送 n．交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n．运输系
统；交通，运输
44．generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
45．poetry n．诗集，诗歌→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗；韵文
46．extremely adv.极其，非常，极端→extreme adj.极其的；极端的 n．极端；极限
47．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．成就；成绩；完成→accomplished adj.技艺高
超的；熟练的
48．in store (for sb)即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)49．draw on凭借，利用
50．ought to应该，应当
51．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
52．be on the point of doing sth正要做某事
53．lie in 在于
54．bring...to one’s attention使某人注意……
55．take on呈现；承担
56．pull on拉动
57．hold on坚持；抓住
58．get over克服
59．What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.(what 引
导主语从句)
让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的音乐。
60．Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the
natural and social environments.(全部倒装)
每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
61．In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
(where引导定语从句，修饰一个表示抽象地点的名词)
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
62．Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，
brother.(否定词位于句首的部分倒装)
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。
1．devote vt.致力，专心；献身→devoted adj.全心全意的；忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n．
奉献；挚爱；忠诚
·devote...to (doing) sth把……用在/献给(做)某事上
devote oneself to献身，致力，专心
·be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
2．appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求→appealing adj.有吸
引力的；恳求的
·appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁或恳求某人做某事
appeal to对……有吸引力；向……呼吁
·make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁或恳求某人做某事
3.determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj.坚定的；下定决心的
→determination n．决心；决定·determine to do sth决定做某事(表动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事
·be determined to do sth决心做某事(表状态)
4.significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的→significance n．意义；重要性→significantly adv.
显著地；意味深长地
·be significant for...对……是重要的
It is significant that...很明显……
·be of (great) significance to...对……(很)重要
be of no/little significance to...对……不重要
attach (great) significance to (doing) sth认为(做)某事(很)重要
5.contain vt.包含，含有，容纳→container n．容器；集装箱
·contain oneself控制自己；自制
·contain侧重于所含有的数量或成分；include 侧重于范围，表示整体和部分的关系，常使用
“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included” 的结构。
6.particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特别，尤其
be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究
in particular尤其，特别
7.attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj.未遂的，企图的
·attempt to do/at doing...尝试/试图做……
·make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
in an attempt to企图；试图；为了
8．confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
→confuse vt.使迷惑→confusion n．困惑；混淆
·be/get confused with/about...对……感到困惑
·confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
9.be doing...when...
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。
be doing...when...正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
10.with复合结构
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
·with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
·with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
·with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
·with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
1．我决定全身心投入研究课题的工作中，而他则开发科学模型。(2022·浙江1月，读后续
写)
I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects，while he developed the
scientific model.
2．我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。(应用文写作之倡议书)
I am writing to appeal to/make an appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more
beautiful school.
3．正是在那个时候，我决定学习一种新的技能来丰富我的生活，所以我向我的母亲寻求帮
助。
(2023·全国乙，短文投稿)
It was at that time that I determined to learn a new skill to enrich my life ， so I turned to my mother
for help.
4．我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生应该积极按时上体育课。(话题写作之学校
生活)
I attach great significance to working out at school，so we students ought to have PE classes
actively and punctually.
5．听到这个激动人心的消息，他激动得几乎控制不住自己。(读后续写之情绪描写)
Hearing the exciting news，he was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.
6．在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你最好行为举止恰当，尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪。(应用文写
作之建议信)
When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China ，you’d better behave properly ，
particularly paying attention to your table manners/paying attention to your table manners in
particular.
7．在接下来的几天里，我们试图到处寻找我们的爱犬，但都是徒劳。 (读后续写之动作描
写)
In the next few days we attempted/made an attempt to search for our beloved dog in each and
every corner，but in vain.
8．父亲皱起眉头，困惑而担忧地望着我。(读后续写之情绪描写)
My father wrinkled his forehead and gazed at me，confused and worried.9．他正在路上小心翼翼地走着，这时突然脚一滑，摔倒了。(读后续写之动作描写)
He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over.
10．汤姆扑倒在母亲的怀里，眼里涌出了羞愧和尴尬的泪水。(读后续写之动作＋情感描写)
Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in
his eyes.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共6分)
1．earnest adj . 非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
2．shell n ．贝壳；壳
3．chapter n ．章节；篇章
4．autobiography n ．自传
5．strain n ．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
6．weave v i .& v t . 迂回行进，穿行；编
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共18分)
1．sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
2．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
3．launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
4．contain vt.包含，含有，容纳
5．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
6．feature n．特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
7．therefore adv.因此，所以
8．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
9．mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
10．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办
11．defeat vt.击败，战胜 n．失败，战败；击败
12．flash n．闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
1．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．反
映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像
2．permanence n．永久，持久性→permanent adj.永久的
3．collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt.收集；募捐→collector n．收集者；
收藏家
4．particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特别，尤其5．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．成就；成绩；完成→accomplished adj.技艺高超
的；熟练的
6．attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj.未遂的，企图的
7．extremely adv.极其，非常，极端→extreme adj.极其的；极端的 n．极端；极限
Ⅳ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．in summary总的来说
2．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
3．lie in 在于
4．pull on拉动
5．hold on 坚持；抓住
6．take on 呈现；承担
7．get over 克服
8．bring...to one’s attention 使某人注意 ……
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)
1．She is a determined girl，so we know that once she has determined to do something，she
will make her dream come true with great determination.(determine)
2．He gave a speech to appeal to us to protect the environment，but his speech was not
appealing.(appeal)
3．Li Lei is my devoted friend，whose devotion to his work moves all of us.(devote)
4．The results of the experiment are not statistically significant but the discovery from it is of
great significance.(significant)
5．This girl described what she had seen and heard，giving a vivid description of the event as if
she had attended it herself.(describe)
6．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a
long time.(confuse)
7 ． It was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK
enjoyable.Thanks for your generosity.(generous)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共12分)
1．You’d better join the club and draw on this precious chance to practice your oral English.
2．The person I respect most is my English teacher who devotes himself to teaching.
3．As to my birthday gift，my father told me there was a big surprise in store for me when I
returned home.
4．You’d better behave properly，minding your table manners in particular.
5．I was on the point of going to bed when the door bell rang.6．A campaign is to be launched to appeal to people to protect the environment.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共9分)
1．约翰正在房间里学习，这时突然听到有人尖叫。(be doing...when...)
John was studying in his room when he heard someone screaming.
2．教授在讲座中所说的话给我留下了深刻的印象。(what引导主语从句)
What the professor said in the lecture made a deep impression on me.
3．随着节日变得越来越商业化，一些传统可能会逐渐消失。(with复合结构)
With festivals becoming more and more commercial，some traditions may fade away.
Ⅳ.语法填空 文中加黑词汇为本单元词汇(每小题1.5分，共15分)
There are many 1.respectable(respect) people around us.They may be our teachers，parents or
one of our 2.elders(elder)．As for me，my uncle Marines is the person I respect most.Now，I
give you a brief introduction about him.Marines is a noble man 3.belonging(belong) to the upper
class.He devotes 4.himself(he) to literature and has made significant achievements.He has a
large 5.collection(collect) of books，containing some famous classic novels 6.which/that have
been donated to the local libraries.So people in our town respect him for his generosity.Besides，
he has a sensitive soul and often shows sympathy for 7.the old.I remember he once told me that
no one knows what life has in store 8.for them.He also appeals to some authors 9.to
donate(donate)some of their books to the libraries.Because of his kindness and generosity，some
suggest that a biography should 10.be written(write) for him.It reflects their earnest respect for
my uncle.
1．appeal
(1)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable，we hope that
such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
(2021·新课标Ⅰ) C
(2)He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder. D
(3)The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. B
(4)The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl. A
2．contain
(1)Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain himself. C
(2)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to
avoid the charge，according to Treasury figures.(2022·全国乙) A
(3)The new stadium being constructed now can contain 2,000 people. B1．The police have issued an appeal for witnesses to the traffic accident. v . 发出，宣布，公布
2．Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also
connected time to natural phenomena.(2021·北京) adj . 新颖的
3．The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet. v . 上演，举办
4．To further confuse the issue in the experiment，there is an enormous variation in the amount
of sleep people feel happy with. v . 使复杂化
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry对中国四大名著非常感兴趣，发邮件请你推荐一
部进行阅读。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1.乐于推荐；2.推荐的作品及理由。
参考词汇：
1.Dream of the Red Chamber 《红楼梦》
2.Journey to the West《西游记》
3.Outlaws of the Marsh《水浒传》
4.Romance of the Three Kingdoms《三国演义》
完成句子
1．我很高兴收到你的电子邮件，并得知你对中国文学的四大名著有浓厚的兴趣。(novel，
literature)
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2．我写信推荐《红楼梦》，这是一部吸引国内外读者的小说。(appeal，同位语＋定语从句)
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3．这部小说出自清朝著名小说家曹雪芹之手，在中国文学中具有重要意义。(of＋
significance，过去分词短语作状语)
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4．它的语言简单而有意义，特别包含了许多优美的中国古典诗歌，我相信这对你的汉语学
习有益。(contain，particular，非限制性定语从句)
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5．阅读这部反映中国古代生活的小说，肯定有助于加深你对中国文化的理解。(reflect，动名词短语作主语，非限制性定语从句)
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6．总之，我真诚地希望你喜欢读这本小说，并能与我分享你的感受和观点。(summary)
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组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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参考范文
Dear Terry，
I’m so glad to receive your email and learn that you have a strong interest in Four Great
Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
I’m writing to recommend Dream of the Red Chamber，a novel that appeals to readers
both at home and abroad.Written by the famous novelist Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty，the
novel is of great significance in Chinese literature.It is simple and meaningful in language and
contains many graceful classical Chinese poems in particular ， which I believe will be
beneficial to your Chinese learning.What’s more，reading the novel，which reflects the life
in ancient China，will definitely help to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture.
In summary，I sincerely hope that you enjoy reading this novel and can share your feelings
and opinions with me.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
[情感描写] sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 mean
adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽
宏大量 confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
[动作描写] devote oneself to致力，专心，献身 determine vt.确定；支
亮词
配；决心 vi.决心
awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 draw on凭借，利用 destroy
vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 accomplish vt.完成
美句 1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell andheld it to his ear.(环境描写)
2.Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race
are the natural and social environments.(排比句式)
3.A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass；but a poet stops，
looks deeper，sees truth and beauty，and writes，“Yesterday’s flowers am
I．”(动作描写)
4.The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only
his great tail moving.(外貌描写)
5.But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came
alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and
then righted himself and swam away.(动作＋环境描写)
6.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving
in the air.(动作描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：惊讶
1.shock n．震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v．使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕的，感
到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
2.astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十分惊奇的
→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
3.surprise n．意想不到(或突然)的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v．使惊奇
单词 →surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，
出人意料地
4.amaze v．使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人
的，了不起的；令人诧异的→amazement n．惊奇
5.stunned adj.(因惊讶、震惊而)目瞪口呆的 6.astounding adj.令人震惊的
7.speechless adj.(因惊愕)一时语塞的 8.dumbfounded adj.惊呆了的
1.to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是
2.in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地
3.It amazes/astonishes me that...令我惊讶的是……
4.What amazes/astonishes me most is...最让我吃惊的是……
5.gasp in astonishment惊讶得倒吸一口气
词块
6.be dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement被一种强烈的兴奋感所
支配
7.beyond one’s expectations出乎意料
8.raise the eyebrows/frown in surprise惊讶地挑眉/皱眉
9.widen the eyes/eyes grow wide in great surprise/astonishment非常吃惊地睁大了双眼
10.freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock惊呆了
11.speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来
12.jaw almost dropped/fell in astonishment惊掉了下巴
13.a spark of surprise flashed/passed across one’s eyes眼中闪过一丝震惊
14.be seized by shock震惊
15.throw sb into astonishment使某人震惊
1.A look of surprise spread over/across her face.惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开
来。(无灵主语)
2.Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment.
看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。(分词短语作状语)
3.My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience.当我看到
这么多观众时，我惊掉了下巴。
4.Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock，as if rooted to the
ground.
听到这个意外的消息，Mary惊呆了，动弹不得。(状语从句的省略)
句型 5.The moment I opened the box，my eyes grew wide in great
surprise/astonishment.
我一打开盒子，就惊奇地睁大眼睛。
6.Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car
was a six-year-old boy.
我们靠近，发现车子的司机是一个六岁男孩，都惊呆了/惊得说不出话来。(形
容词短语作状语)
7.With our jaws dropping to the ground，all the on-lookers glued their eyes to
us，and then burst into thunderous applause.我们的下巴都掉到地上了，所有的
旁观者都目不转睛地盯着我们，然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(with复合结构)
语料运用 文学作品
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)I still remember it was a Monday morning，when my teacher called me
to his office，① telling me that I had taken first place in the writing contes t(现在分词短语作状
语)．②Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride(过去分词短语作状语) at
his words，I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet，③as if rooted to the ground(状语从
句的省略)，couldn’t move a bit.The next day，I was presented with my award at the ceremony.I
went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.④With a broad smile spreading
over/across his face(with 复 合 结 构 ) ， he told me that he was proud of my wonderful
performance.⑤Speechless with shock(形容词短语作状语)，I bowed to my teacher to show my
thanks to him.Since then，I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer.I ⑥owemy success to my teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
我还记得那是一个星期一的早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中
得了第一名。听到他的话，我被一种强烈的兴奋和自豪感所控制，只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，
我的脚就像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。第二天，我在典礼上被授予了奖项。 颁奖典
礼后，我去了老师的办公室。他的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，他告诉我，他为我的精彩表现感
到骄傲。惊得说不出话来，我向老师鞠躬表示感谢。从那时起，我写了许多好作品，而现在
我是一个著名的作家。我把我的成功归功于我的老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。
高考题型组合练(1)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The literary world has a new star.Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is this year’s winner of the
Nobel Prize in literature in recognition of his “compassionate penetration(深入探索) of the
effects of colonialism(殖民主义)and the fate of the refugee”．
Gurnah grew up in Zanzibar，an island off the coast of Tanzania.In 1964，Gurnah was forced
to leave for England as a refugee，where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then
through stories.Through the years，he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering caused
by war and colonialism.“The thing that motivated the whole experience of writing for me was this
idea of losing your place in the world，” Gurnah told The New York Times.
His 1994 novel Paradise，which tells the story of a boy growing up in early 20th century
Tanzania，marked his breakthrough as a novelist and won the Booker Prize.Afterlives，his most
recent work，continues the narrative of Paradise and takes place during the period of German
colonialism in Tanzania.
Before he retired，Gurnah,73，was a professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the
University of Kent in England.Although Gurnah’s first language is Swahili，he adopted English
as his literary language.His writing often contains traces of Arabic，Swahili and German，as well.
Anders Olsson，the chair of the Nobel committee，said that Gurnah “is widely recognized
as one of the world’s more preeminent postcolonial writers”．
Ethiopian-American novelist Maaza Mengiste described Gurnah’s writings as being “like a
gentle blade(刀刃) slowly moving in”．“He has written work that is absolutely unfearing and
yet at the same time completely compassionate and full of heart for people of East Africa，”
Mengiste said.“He is writing stories that are often quiet stories of people who aren’t heard，but
there’s an insistence there that we listen.”
语篇解读 本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者——小说家AbdulrazakGurnah的作品内容、写作背景及别人对他的作品的评价等。
1．What are Gurnah’s works mainly about?
A．The life of the people in Tanzania.
B．Effects of war and colonialism.
C．Experiences of living abroad.
D．Growth in an underdeveloped nation.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is this year’s winner of the
Nobel Prize in literature in recognition of his ‘compassionate penetration(深入探索) of the
effects of colonialism(殖民主义) and the fate of the refugee’．”可知，Gurnah的作品主要与
战争和殖民主义的影响有关。故选B。
2．What can we know about Gurnah?
A．He was inspired to write by his refugee experience.
B．He used to be a professor of law and literature.
C．He publishes his works in Arabic and Swahili.
D．He was not well-known until he won the Nobel Prize.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In 1964，Gurnah was forced to leave for England as a
refugee，where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories.”及
“The thing that motivated the whole experience of writing for me was this idea of losing your
place in the world.”可推知，Gurnah的难民经历激发了他写作的灵感。故选A。
3．What does Maaza Mengiste think of Gurnah’s writing?
A．It is elegantly written in his native language.
B．It is widely welcomed by people around the world.
C．It is powerful and employs sharp language.
D．It calls for attention to the life of the underclass.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“He has written work that is absolutely unfearing and yet
at the same time completely compassionate and full of heart for people of East Africa.”可知，
Maaza Mengiste认为Gurnah的作品呼吁人们关注底层社会的生活。故选D。
4．What does the underlined word “preeminent” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Awful. B．Potential.
C．Outstanding. D．Particular.
答案 C解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is this year’s winner of the
Nobel Prize in literature...”以及第五段中“Gurnah ‘is widely recognized...’”可知，Gurnah
是一位优秀的作家，获得了诺贝尔文学奖，被全世界认可。故选C。
B
(2024·江苏常州调研)
What does it mean to cry over a book? “I’m a reader who did not weep.” Ruth
Graham，a well-known critic，wrote.“Does this make me heartless? Or does it make me a
grown-up？”
Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel.Readers have
always asked about the role that emotion plays in reading：What does it mean to be deeply moved
by a book? Which books are worthy objects of our feelings?
In different times，people answered those questions in different ways.In the 18th century，
when the novel was still a new form，crying was a sign of readers’ virtue.“Sentimental”
novels，full of touching scenes，gave readers an occasion to exercise their “finer feelings”．
Your tear proved your susceptibility(易感性) to the suffering of others.
At that time，sentimental novels were hugely popular，but also easy to attack.Tears，after
all，had no necessary connection to actual virtue，and they could be fake.There could also be too
many of them.As the critic John Mullan points out，by the end of the eighteenth century，the
word “sentimental” had acquired a new meaning “addicted to indulgence( 沉 溺 ) in
superficial(肤浅的) emotion”—bringing it closer to the meaning that it has for us today.
In the 19th century the meaning of tears evolved in two different directions.Some writers
sought to waken “higher” feelings in their readers: Victorian sentimentalists wrote touching
scenes in an effort to inspire social and political reform.However，the “sensation” novel，a
different type of Victorian best-seller ， showed that tears could be enjoyable in
themselves.Sensation novels were the forerunners(先导) of the modern thriller and mystery.Heavy
on secrets，and madness，they were known for creating physical “sensations” in their readers
—trembling，a fast beating heart，and tears.But these were tears without moral purpose or effect.
Today’s debate about crying while reading looks back on all of this history.The debate，in
fact，is about why books matter to us，and what reading is “for”．Talking about what makes
us cry is a way of talking about ourselves.
5．What was people’s attitude towards crying over novels in the early 18th century?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Unclear. D．Worried.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据第三段中“In the 18th century，when the novel was still a newform，crying was a sign of readers’ virtue.”和第四段中“At that time，sentimental novels
were hugely popular”可推知，18世纪初，人们对看小说时哭持积极的态度。故选B。
6．What can we know about “sensation” novels according to paragraph 5?
A．They were similar to the modern thriller and mystery.
B．They were the same as sentimental novels.
C．They were aimed for social and political reform.
D．They were intended to amuse the readers.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的“Sensation novels were the forerunners(先导) of the modern
thriller and mystery.”可知，刺激小说与现代惊悚悬疑片相似。故选A。
7．How does the author present this text?
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“In the 18th century(在18世纪)”、倒数第二段的“In the
19th century(在19世纪)”以及最后一段的“Today’s(今天的)”可知，文章是按照时间发展
顺序呈现的。故选C。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Crying While Reading Through Centuries
B．The History of the Novel
C．Sentimental Novels & Sensation Novels
D．Why Books Matter to Us
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中“What does it mean to cry over a book？”、第二段中
“Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel.Readers have always
asked about the role...？”和第三段中“In different times，people answered those questions in
different ways.”可知，本文讲述了历史上不同时代的人们对于伤感小说的不同观点，因此最
佳标题是A选项“Crying While Reading Through Centuries”。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
Reading nonfiction books can help build determination and establish routines for many
people.And this improved lifestyle will reduce their anxiety.When it comes to fiction，on the other
hand，people often dismiss the idea. 1
The substantial benefit of reading fiction is that it will help change your perspectives.Whenyou read a self-help book，you often consume a series of lessons with examples and practical
advice. 2 Fiction，in contrast，gives you access to the struggles，and ideas of various
characters.The exchange of information is multi-sided.When considering different perspectives on
an event，you’ll realize you can’t control everything.
3 When we’re dealing with daily stress factors，we feel like the world is falling upon
us.Characters in novels face challenges，but we as readers are separate from their experiences.As
such，we have a birds-eye view over what’s happening in the story.And this view is what we
need to reduce our anxiety in the real world.
Fiction stories help us understand the power of change in both stories and real life.Through
story，you are embarking on a journey and witnessing progress in a fictional world.These changes
are imaginary. 4 in The Alchemist，for example，the main character is traveling for months
to find a treasure.He believes that finding the prize will give him joy.Throughout his voyage，he
experiences many setbacks，and his vision of the treasure changes.The boy’s evolution in The
Alchemist reflects life. 5 But after many trial and error lessons，we realize that our heart
wasn’t in it.
A．We want something and we spend years chasing it.
B．But they often mirror events that could happen in real life.
C．We also experience many failures when pursuing our dreams.
D．Consequently，most of the knowledge is passed on one-sidedly.
E．Reading nonfiction is a well-established weapon against anxiety.
F．Fiction gives us a rare chance to see the entire world from distance.
G．In actual fact，reading fiction can also help you overcome your anxiety.
1．答案 G
解析 上文提到，与纪实书籍相比人们通常会忽略小说会缓解焦虑的好处，且结合后三段内
容可知，空处应该说读小说也会有一些好处。选项G“事实上，读小说也可以帮助你克服焦
虑。”符合语境。故选G。
2．答案 D
解析 上文提到阅读小说最大的好处就是它能帮助你改变你的观点。当你阅读一本自助书时，
你通常会读到一系列的附有例子的经验和实用建议，由此可知，人们从自助书里面学到一些
知识和道理是单方面的学习。选项D“因此，大部分知识都是单方面传授的。”承接上文，
其中的one-sidedly与下文的multi-sided呼应。故选D。
3．答案 F
解析 下文提到阅读小说的一个好处是，人们可以从别人的世界体会到现实世界可能会发生
的事情．..选项F“小说给了我们一个难得的机会，从远处看整个世界。”和下文意思一致，
选项中的“see...from distance”与下文的“have a birds-eye view over”是同义短语复现。故选F。
4．答案 B
解析 下文在举例说明小说中的人物事件也反映了我们的现实生活。选项 B“但它们经常反
映现实生活中可能发生的事件。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
5．答案 A
解析 上文的例子体现出我们会花很长的时间去追求我们想要的东西。选项A“我们想要一
些东西并且花很多年去追求。”和上文意思一致，并与下文构成转折关系。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in
Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 1 .They could not afford to
pay for 2 for their dog，Tiffy，and 3 wanted to take her with them.
It just 4 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot，Karen，who 5
to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 6 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very 7 .George，the husband，was trying to
be calm，but I could tell this was 8 for him，having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust
that everything would 10 .
After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me 11 Tiffy into the plane.I
promised to take care of Tiffy and 12 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 13 ，and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day，she 14 with
Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 15 and sent me a
nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过 Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家人将他们
的狗平安送达目的地的过程。
1．A.turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
答案 B
解析 turn转折点；budget预算；schedule时间表；connection联系。根据“They could not
afford to pay for for their dog，Tiffy”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。
2．A.food B．shelter
C．medicine D．transportation
答案 D
解析 food食物；shelter庇护；medicine药；transportation交通。根据“They had to move to
Virginia but they were on a very tight .”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所
以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。3．A.desperately B．temporarily
C．secretly D．originally
答案 A
解析 desperately非常，极其；temporarily暂时地；secretly秘密地；originally起初。根据
“wanted to take her with them”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。
4．A.appeared B．proved
C．happened D．showed
答案 C
解析 appear出现；prove证明；happen碰巧；show展示。根据“I was planning another PNP
flight with another pilot，Karen”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP
飞行。故选C。
5．A.waited B．offered
C．hurried D．failed
答案 B
解析 wait等待；offer提供，主动提出；hurry匆忙；fail失败。根据“to take Tiffy from
Kansas City to Virginia”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选
B。
6．A.see off B．look for
C．hand over D．pick up
答案 D
解析 see off为……送行；look for寻找；hand over移交；pick up接载。根据“What I was to
do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
7．A.confused B．nervous
C．annoyed D．curious
答案 B
解析 confused困惑的；nervous紧张的；annoyed恼怒的；curious好奇的。根据“George，
the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was for him，having to leave
his dog to a and trust that everything would .”可知，这家人看起来有点紧
张和不安。故选B。
8．A.hard B．fine
C．common D．lucky
答案 A
解析 hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be
calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a and trust that everything would
”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。9．A.co-worker B．passenger
C．stranger D．neighbor
答案 C
解析 co-worker合作者；passenger乘客；stranger陌生人；neighbor邻居。根据“George，
the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was for him”可知，此处指
把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
10．A.speed up B．work out
C．come back D．take off
答案 B
解析 speed up加速；work out解决；come back回来；take off起飞。根据上文可知，让狗
的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
11．A.feed B．follow
C．change D．load
答案 D
解析 feed喂养；follow跟随；change改变；load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the
plane”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。
12．A.call B．join
C．leave D．serve
答案 A
解析 call打电话；join加入；leave离开；serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas
City”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。
13．A.unnecessary B．unexpected
C．unavoidable D．uneventful
答案 D
解析 unnecessary 没有必要的；unexpected 意想不到的；unavoidable 不可避免的；
uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行一切都平安
无事。故选D。
14．A.returned B．fought
C．flew D．agreed
答案 C
解析 return返回；fight打仗；fly飞；agree同意。根据“Karen，who to take
Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”可知，Karen带着Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。
15．A.thankful B．generous
C．proud D．sympathetic
答案 A解析 thankful感激的；generous慷慨的；proud骄傲的；sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再
根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常
感激。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Jacopo Della Ragione was born and raised in Florence，Italy.While 1. student
of Medieval History at Milan University，he also learned graphic design and printing.In 2001，his
passion for China’s traditional and modern art brought him to Beijing ， and he 2.
(work) there ever since.
In July 2001，Ragione was in China 3. Beijing won the right to host the 2008
Olympic Games.He witnessed this historic moment and shared in the 4. (happy) of
the Chinese people.He has worked in many companies in China and also married a girl in
Beijing,5. has allowed him to know China better.
When 6. (talk)about how he carries out his work，Ragione said he designs the
picture in his mind first，and then follows the instincts(本能) of his body 7. (finish)
the job.“It’s a bit like China’s calligraphy and kung fu ，which has brought me much
inspiration，” he said.
Ragione is now deeply attached 8. China.He has witnessed the great changes
that have taken place here: streets have become more lively，buses are more advanced，and
traveling by subway has become more convenient.
“I have visited many cities in China ， and Beijing is the one I love 9.
(much)．I fell in love with it 10. (gradual)．Italy is where I was born，and Beijing
is my home now，” he said in fluent Chinese.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了意大利人Jacopo Della Ragione喜欢中国传统艺
术和现代艺术，于是来到中国工作并爱上中国的经历。
1．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。设空处修饰名词，表泛指，应用冠词，student以辅音音素开头，故填a。
此处为状语从句的省略，省略了主语和be动词he was。
2．答案 has worked/has been working
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语 ever since，可以用现在
完成时和现在完成进行时，主语是 he，用第三人称单数，故填 has worked/has been
working。
3．答案 when
解析 考查时间状语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，
故填when。
4．答案 happiness解析 考查名词。设空处作宾语，应用名词形式，故填happiness。
5．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代前面的
句子，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
6．答案 talking
解析 考查状语从句的省略。当主句和从句的主语一致时，从句可以省略主语和 be动词，
talk与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，所以从句完整形式应为When he was talking about how he
carries out his work，设空处应用现在分词，故填talking。
7．答案 to finish
解析 考查动词的固定结构。短语follow sb/sth to do sth意为“跟随某人/某物去做某事”，
符合句意，故填to finish。
8．答案 to
解析 考查介词。短语be attached to此处意为“喜爱”，符合句意，故填to。
9．答案 most
解析 考查副词的最高级。根据句意可知，此处应用副词最高级修饰动词 love，故填
most。
10．答案 gradually
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词，故填gradually。
Ⅴ.应用文微写作
假定你是李华，你校交换生Lucy准备参加所在城市组织的汉语演讲比赛，特征求你的
建议。请你回复一封邮件， 内容如下：
1．表示鼓励；
2．注意事项。
范文补全
Dear Lucy，
I’m delighted to know that you will participate in the City’s Chinese Speech Contest.1.I
firmly believe you will win a prize(我坚信你会获奖)．
2． Firstly ， you should choose a topic that you ’ re familiar with (首先，你应该选一个你熟
悉的话题)．It would be better for you to choose impressive examples to gain the recognition of
the judges.3. In addition ， you must be well prepared for it (此外，你必须要做好准备)．For
example,4.you have to practise your spoken Chinese to express yourself more clearly and
fluently(你要练习你的汉语口语来更加清晰和流利地表达自己)．
I really hope that my advice will be of help to you.Wish you a great success.
Yours，
Li Hua高考题型组合练(2)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Massimo Bottura，a three-Michelin-Starred chef，has extended his culinary(烹饪的) empire
globally.However，he says that the peak of all of his achievements is Milan’s Refettorio
Ambrosiano and the following 12 global branches.
At Refettorio Ambrosiano，dinner guests are greeted by name.They dine on fine china at
tables created by the country’s most sought-after furniture designers.The waiters are polite，and
the chefs have been trained under the finest restaurateurs in the world.The set menu changes every
day，depending on what comes in with the morning’s delivery.
This morning’s delivery contains dry arugula(芝麻菜)，chicken close to its sell-by date and
too-ugly-to-be-sold oranges.By dinner ， however ， the supermarket cast-offs have been
transformed into a three-course meal.The 100 or so diners—refugees，the homeless，and the
unemployed—enjoy the meal with obvious pleasure，laughing with the volunteer waiters，
praising the volunteer chefs，and forgetting，at least for an hour，the challenges of a life lived on
the streets.
The brightest gems in Bottura’s culinary empire are not restaurants at all.He thinks of them
as spaces that shine a light on the dignity of their guests while focusing attention on the food-waste
problem by turning foods that were otherwise going to be headed toward rubbish bins into Michelin
Guide-worthy meals.
Bottura first thought of Refettorio Ambrosiano as a pop-up concept for the 2015 World Expo
in Milan.The organizers had invited him to cook for the grand opening.Bottura proposed something
different.He wanted to invite the world’s best chefs to cook with him for the city’s homeless，
using leftovers.That idea soon got supported and turned into something more permanent.
Today，the Refettorio is “a movement”，Bottura says.“It is a model for fighting food
waste and isolation on the front lines.And it starts by looking at an old carrot or a piece of hard
bread and catching sight of gold.”
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了米其林三星级厨师Massimo Bottura创办了
Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅，用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民、无家可归者和失业者提供美
味的大餐，这减少了食物浪费。
1．How do the Refettorio Ambrosianos differ from Bottura’s other restaurants?
A．The waiters are well-trained.
B．The tables are custom-made.
C．They are three-Michelin-Starred.D．Daily delivery decides the set menu.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The set menu changes every day，depending on what
comes in with the morning’s delivery.”可知，Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅与Bottura的其他餐
厅的不同之处在于套餐是由每天送来的货物来决定的。故选D。
2．Which of the following best describes the event at Refettorio Ambrosiano?
A．An evening gathering for local chefs.
B．A charity sale of supermarket cast-offs.
C．A wealthy meal for the less-fortunate.
D．A volunteer training for the homeless.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The 100 or so diners—refugees，the homeless，and the
unemployed...the challenges of a life lived on the streets.”可知，C项“为不幸的人准备的丰盛
大餐”能最好地描述在Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅发生的事。故选C。
3．What does Bottura think of the Refettorio?
A．It’s his best profitable restaurant.
B．It’s a good project for food safety.
C．It’s a pop-up concept to extend his business.
D．It’s win-win for the environment and society.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段和上文提到的Refettorio为难民、无家可归者和失业者提
供大餐可推知，Refettorio对环境和社会都是双赢的。故选D。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Less Waste，More Taste
B．A Dinner of Dignity
C．Best Restaurant，Best Service
D．The Power of Food
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段和最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了米其林三星
级厨师Massimo Bottura创办了Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅，用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民、
无家可归者和失业者提供美味的大餐，这减少了食物浪费，A项适合作文章标题。故选A。
B
If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a
solution to a problem you had been struggling with ，it may not be a surprise.Rather than
constantly concentrating on a problem，research from the last 15 years suggests that people maybe more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t
require much thought.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting ， novel ideas at
unexpected times，” says Kalina Christoff，a scientist at the University of British Columbia in
Vancouver，“because our culture tells us that we should do it through hard work.”
Now researchers begin to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive
activities and what’s happening in the brain.They have found that the key is a series of brain
activities—within what’s called the default mode(DM) network—that occur while an individual
is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
“Simply put，it is a state that your brain returns to when you’re relaxed，” explains
Christoff.“By contrast，when you’re working on a demanding task，the brain’s executive
control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，analytical，and logical.”
Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation，
drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world.When your mind wanders ，
you’re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind，which helps you combine information
and ideas in new ways and something clicks.
“A cautionary note：While the DM network plays a key role in the creative process，it is
the EC systems that help you to evaluate and apply the creative ideas effectively to your problems
in the real world，” Christoff says.“So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that
creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind
wandering.Instead，you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in
the first place.”
5．What is the most unlikely function of the EC systems?
A．To start your thinking process.
B．To help you analyze.
C．To let you get novel ideas.
D．To keep you focused.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第四段中的“By contrast，when you’re working
on a demanding task，the brain’s executive control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，
analytical，and logical.”可知，EC系统主导的是有意识的思维活动而不是无意识的创意思
维活动，能让你开始思维过程，帮助你分析，使你集中注意力，不能让你获得新的想法。故
选C。
6．What does the underlined part “something clicks” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．A clever idea occurs.B．Something drops down.
C．A memory disappears.
D．A funny thought happens.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。根据画线句所在段“Researchers find that the DM network is also involved
in the early stages of idea generation，drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the
world.When your mind wanders，you’re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind，which
helps you combine information and ideas in new ways and something clicks.”可推断，
something clicks与idea generation所表达的意思相近，即当走神时，想法在我们的脑海中嬉
戏，有助于我们以新的方式将信息和想法结合起来，这样一个聪明的想法就产生了。故选
A。
7．What is Kalina Christoff’s attitude to the culture of hard work?
A．Disapproving. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery
that creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind
wandering.Instead，you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in
the first place.’”可知，Kalina Christoff认为盲目相信在洗澡或其他任何形式的走神中都能
产生创意的发现是不明智的，还是要努力为创意的出现打好基础，因此推断她对努力工作这
一文化持正面态度。故选B。
8．Which statement might the author agree with?
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Where there is a will，there is a way.
C．Everything comes to him who waits.
D．All work and no break makes Jack a dull boy.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第一段可知，大脑机制决定了只有劳逸结合才能富有
创意。由此推知，作者可能会同意D项“只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻”的说法。故选
D。
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Reduce Paper Waste
Print out documents only if you absolutely need to.
While it may be easier to print documents，since you won’t have to log on to a computer or
smartphone to find them，there are some disadvantages to printing.Printed documents tend to getlost. 1 You may forget to bring them along with you.
Use cloth bags instead of paper ones.
A lot of water and fuel need to be used to produce paper bags.Paper bags also usually tear
easily and they don’t tend to do well in the rain.Also，the fertilizers and other chemicals that are
used to make paper and for tree farming are acid rain contributors，and they also contribute to
higher rates of waterway eutrophication. 2
Buy products with less packaging.
A huge amount of solid waste is from packaging and is often thrown away after a while.There
are a few things you can do to use less packaging in your daily life. 3 Not only can this help to
reduce waste from packaging，but it can also save you money.
4
While paper cups and dinnerware may seem convenient，they can harm the environment.For
example，if the paper product has been used for food (such as a carton or paper plate)，it typically
cannot be recycled.Reusable dinnerware can also typically be used a lot more than disposable
dinnerware.
Spread the word about reducing paper waste.
You can do many things to reduce paper waste yourself，but sharing this advice with others
can be helpful too. 5 You can share this on social media，or simply just discuss it with them
in conversation.
A．They may take up a lot of space.
B．Avoid paper dinnerware and cups.
C．Over packaging is a serious problem.
D．Carry reusable bags whenever possible.
E．If you notice them wasting paper，be patient with them.
F．You can start with family，friends and anyone else you know.
G．Cloth bags，therefore，are a more environmentally friendly choice.
1．答案 A
解析 根据上文“While it may be easier to print documents...Printed documents tend to get
lost.”及下文“You may forget to bring them along with you.”可知，此处讲述的是打印文件
存在的弊端。由此可知，选项A能够承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
2．答案 G
解析 根据小标题“Use cloth bags instead of paper ones.”可知，本段的建议是使用布袋代替
纸袋，且本段上文是在介绍纸袋的缺点及危害，所以选项 G承接上文，符合语境。故选
G。
3．答案 D解析 根据上文“There are a few things you can do to use less packaging in your daily life.”和
下文“Not only can this help to reduce waste from packaging，but it can also save you money.”
可知，空处讲了减少包装浪费的做法。由此可知，选项D符合语境。故选D。
4．答案 B
解析 根据下文“While paper cups and dinnerware may seem convenient...Reusable dinnerware
can also typically be used a lot more than disposable dinnerware.”可知，本段讲述的是纸质餐
具和纸杯的问题。由此可知，选项B适合作本段小标题，符合语境。故选B。
5．答案 F
解析 根据本段小标题“Spread the word about reducing paper waste.”及上文“You can do
many things to reduce paper waste yourself，but sharing this advice with others can be helpful
too.”可知，本段讲述的是传播分享减少纸张浪费的信息。由此可知，选项 F能够衔接上文，
符合本段主旨。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024·湖南永州模拟)
Days earlier ， Sarah Bellamy had received a mysterious email saying that a wealth
management company was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra.Now，when
she was 1 to unload her groceries onto the conveyor belt(传送带)，her phone rang.“They
told me that MacKenzie Scott was 2 in investing Penumbra，” Bellamy remembers.
It was a familiar 3 for hundreds of other nonprofit leaders—all 4 the woman who
has become one of the most 5 and surprising philanthropists(慈善家) in the world.Her name
is MacKenzie Scott—the writer，first Amazon employee，and former wife of company founder
Jeff Bezos.However， 6 Scott divorced，she had 7 more than $12 billion of her fortune
to help others.As this story went to press，Scott had just 8 her latest money bomb，revealing
in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion.
Scott’s only 9 of her recipients is that they help maintain her privacy.It’s impossible
to 10 a Scott grant(拨款)，to send her a thank-you note，or to contact her directly；she and
her closest advisers almost never 11 to requests for interviews.Even Bellamy has been 12
not to identify the person who informed them 13 her donations.
Rey Saldana，CEO of a network of nonprofits，says，“Scott is a person who 14 a
significant amount of power by the value of her wealth and understands how to actually 15
power.”
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了女慈善家MacKenzie Scott捐出巨额个人财
产，帮助缺乏资金支持的众多非营利机构渡过难关的故事。
1．A.preparing B．thinking
C．enjoying D．picking答案 A
解析 根据下文“to unload her groceries onto the conveyor belt(传送带)”可知，Sarah Bellamy
正准备购物结账时，电话响了。故选A。
2．A.absorbed B．devoted
C．interested D．frustrated
答案 C
解析 absorbed全神贯注的；devoted挚爱的；interested感兴趣的；frustrated沮丧的。根据
第一段第一句“Days earlier，Sarah Bellamy had received...was interested in discussing the
financial crisis of Penumbra.”可知，MacKenzie Scott对投资Penumbra很感兴趣。故选C。
3．A.doubt B．experience
C．scenery D．pattern
答案 B
解析 根据下文“However， Scott divorced，she had more than $12
billion of her fortune to help others.”可知，很多曾经受到过MacKenzie Scott捐款帮助的非营
利机构都是接到了一通神秘的电话，被告知他们可以得到资金支持，这是非常熟悉的经历。
故选B。
4．A.apart from B．thanks to
C．but for D．regardless of
答案 B
解析 apart from除了……还；thanks to多亏了，由于；but for要不是；regardless of不管。
根据下文“the woman”和文章提到的MacKenzie Scott将自己的财产捐给有需要的人可知，
此处表示多亏了MacKenzie Scott，一些非营利组织都收到了她的捐款。故选B。
5．A.pleased B．troubling
C．happy D．generous
答案 D
解析 根据下文“surprising philanthropists(慈善家)”可知，MacKenzie Scott是一位慷慨的慈
善家。故选D。
6．A.because B．if
C．as D．although
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Scott divorced，she had more than $12 billion of her fortune to help
others”可知，此处指当MacKenzie Scott离婚的时候，她就已经捐出了120亿美元的个人财
产来帮助他人。故选C。
7．A.given away B．given off
C．given out D．given in答案 A
解析 give away捐赠；give off散发(气味)，发出(光)；give out分发；give in屈服。根据
“revealing in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion”可知，此处表示离婚时，
MacKenzie Scott已经捐出高达120亿美元的财产。故选A。
8．A.agreed B．donated
C．passed D．worked
答案 B
解析 根据“she’d given away $3.9 billion”可知，此处指MacKenzie Scott截止到三月已经
捐出39亿美元的巨款。故选B。
9．A.demand B．click
C．pressure D．application
答案 A
解析 根据下文“they help maintain her privacy”可知，MacKenzie Scott捐款的唯一要求是
受捐人替她保守自己的身份信息。故选A。
10．A.adapt to B．apply for
C．focus on D．fix on
答案 B
解析 adapt to适应；apply for申请；focus on集中于；fix on选定。根据前文“they help
maintain her privacy”和下文“she and her closest advisers almost never to requests
for interviews”可知，MacKenzie Scott非常注重自己的隐私，当然不会对来路不明的申请做
出回应。故选B。
11．A.devote B．write
C．respond D．link
答案 C
解析 根据上文提到Scott要求接受捐助的人帮她保守隐私以及无法直接联系她可知，
MacKenzie Scott非常低调，几乎从不回应人们的采访。故选C。
12．A.allowed B．permitted
C．asked D．wanted
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Scott’s only of her recipients is that they help maintain her
privacy.”可知，MacKenzie Scott会要求受捐人替她保守隐私，甚至要求他们对身边的工作
人员的身份也要守口如瓶。故选C。
13．A.in B．on
C．under D．of
答案 D解析 根据固定搭配inform sb of sth“告知某人某事”可知，该空格处指工作人员告知受捐
人有关捐款事宜。故选D。
14．A.holds B．comments
C．judges D．identifies
答案 A
解析 根据前文“the woman who has become one of the most and surprising
philanthropists(慈善家) in the world”可知，MacKenzie Scott因其巨额的财富和慷慨慈善的义
举，拥有巨大的能量和影响力。故选A。
15．A.preserve B．serve
C．handle D．share
答案 D
解析 根据上文可知，MacKenzie Scott慷慨捐出巨额善款，将自己的力量分享给那些需要
帮助的人。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Samantha Cristoforetti，the first Italian female astronaut in space,1. (post) a
group of photos and several Chinese sentences on her Twitter account during her mission at the
International Space Station.
Attached to the photos 2. (be) several lines from Preface to Poems Composed
at the Orchid Pavilion，an ancient Chinese calligraphy masterpiece 3. famous
Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Cristoforetti even gave 4. accurate translation of the lines ，
saying，“Looking up，I see the vastness of the universe.5. (bow) my head，I look
at the multitude of the world.The gaze flies，the heart expands，the joy of the senses can reach its
peak,6.____________ this is true happiness indeed.”
“Her quotation(引语) of the lines shows that she 7. (careful) observed the
universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space.Such a quotation
is very special,8. shows her ambition and a sense of pride，” said Professor Wang
Hui from Tsinghua University.
Her quotation also sparked a heated 9. (discuss) among foreign Internet users on
social media.Some netizens said that with her Chinese language capacity，Cristoforetti also has the
ability 10. (work) at the Chinese space station，while others hope that there will be
less conflict and more cooperation in the world.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了意大利航天员克里斯托福雷蒂在太空中引用
中国古文《兰亭集序》中的句子发布的一条“太空推特”引发网友热议。
1．答案 posted解析 考查动词的时态。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填
posted。
2．答案 were
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时；主语是
lines，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。
3．答案 by
解析 考查介词。表示“作者是，由……所写”应用介词by。故填by。
4．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。translation是可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，应添加不定冠词，且
accurate的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。
5．答案 Bowing
解析 考查非谓语动词。逗号前部分是状语，空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语 I和bow之间
为主动关系，应用现在分词；且位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Bowing。
6．答案 and/so
解析 考查连词。空处应填连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，上下文是并列或因果关系，
用并列连词and/so符合题意。故填and/so。
7．答案 carefully
解析 考查副词。修饰动词observed应用所给词的副词形式作状语。故填carefully。
8．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是quotation，从句缺少主语，应
用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．答案 discussion
解析 考查名词。空处应填名词discussion“讨论”作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故
填discussion。
10．答案 to work
解析 考查非谓语动词。该句中已有谓语动词has，故空处填非谓语动词，ability后常用不
定式作后置定语。故填to work。
Ⅴ.读后续写微写作
Painting had always fascinated Bazan since she was born.At the age of two，she held her first
art exhibition on the family refrigerator.“Your artworks are really unique! So，I assume you’re
as good as Leonardo da Vinci or anybody else，” said her mother，who had always been highly
encouraging with Bazan’s art.Then，Bazan signed up for an art class and quickly discovered her
natural talent，“To me，a canvas(画布) is a door to another world where I have full creative
control，” Bazan used to say to her mother.
The year she turned five，however，she was diagnosed with mental anxiety.She struggledwith focusing，paying attention，or sitting still.Her mother still supported her in learning art，
though.Even with family support，finding the feeling in control had often been a horrific challenge
for her.
Bazan attended the University of Kentucky in 2010，whose major was art education，but
didn’t connect with the prospect of teaching.It made her unhappy.“I just wasn’t drawn to it as
much，” she said.Confusion about her uncertain future，coupled with her increasingly severe
illness，made her eventually drop out of college.
Life went on for a decade.Bazan had a son and moved to Sheboygan，far away from her
parents.She worked in a local grocery.Every day after work，she rushed home to care for her
son.Life was difficult.Soon after，she divorced with her husband because of her bad condition.
As her son grew up，Bazan became restless，and reconsidered the meaning of life.She felt
she couldn’t give up on the calling of her art.“I love art，” she said.It occurred to her that she
could learn different techniques—from sewing and textiles to printmaking or painting.She would
discover a new path in her professional development，instead of being a salesclerk all her life.
范文补全
After days of consideration，Bazan made a big decision.“I will come back to college to
finish my degree，after 10 years，” she said.She enrolled.1.Then she immersed herself into
college life and spent much time painting(然后她全身心地投入到大学生活中并且花很多时间绘
画)．Surprisingly，Bazan’s condition was greatly improved，and anxiety didn’t affect her life
anymore.2. Meanwhile ， her positive attitude towards life also set a good example for her son (同时，
她对待生活的积极态度也为儿子树立了好榜样).3.Having got her confidence back(重拾勇气后)，
she wouldn’t let it slip away.“It will take me some time to work on and show my art，” she
said.4.She performed best academically(她在学业上表现最棒)．
News spread 4 years later that Bazan graduated from college with honors.5.Netizens
knew the single mother ， with anxiety ， had gone all out to study and created many wonderful
artworks(网友们知道，这位单亲妈妈，带着焦虑，曾全力以赴地学习，创造了许多精彩的艺
术作品)．Her story inspired everyone.Later，she held an exhibition in a famous gallery.Many
people visited it.They found there was a child-like imagination to her art,6.which got the attention
of several artists(这引起了几位艺术家的注意)．With their help，Bazan took her creativity to the
next level and engaged in art education.Moreover,7.she developed a mission to help others better
their world through art(她还树立了通过艺术帮助他人改善个人世界的使命)．
