文档内容
1．earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
2．butterfly n．蝴蝶
3．literature n．文学，文学作品
4．shell n．贝壳；壳
5．sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
be sensitive to...对……敏感
6．soul n．灵魂；心性，内心
7．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
be capable of...有能力做……
8．awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来
9．launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
10．element n．要素，基本部分
11．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
12．feature n．特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
13．author n．作者，作家
14．therefore adv.因此，所以
15．issue n．重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布
16．novel n．(长篇)小说
17．upper adj.上部的；上面的
18．gap n．差距；间隙
19．context n．(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
20．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
21．topic n．话题；题目；标题
22．section n．部分，部门；部件，散件
23．mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v．意思是；打算；意味着
mean to do...打算做……mean doing...意味着……
24．turkey n．火鸡；火鸡肉
25．chapter n．章节；篇章
26．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办
27．autobiography n．自传
28．biography n．传记，传记作品
29．destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
30．defeat vt.击败，战胜 n．失败，战败；击败
31．straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正
32．strain n．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
33．alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起
34．noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
35．weave vi.& vt.(weaved，weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove，woven)编
36．mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的
37．flash n．闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
·in a flash立刻，一瞬间
·flash into闪现；掠过
38．description n．描述，形容，说明→describe vt.描写；形容；描绘
beyond description难以形容，无法形容
39．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．反
映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像
40．permanence n．永久，持久性→permanent adj.永久的
41．summary n．总结，概括，概要→summaris(z)e v．总结，概括；概述
in summary总的来说；总之
42．collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt.收集；募捐→collector n．收集
者；收藏家
43．transport vt.运输，运送 n．交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n．运输系
统；交通，运输
44．generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
45．poetry n．诗集，诗歌→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗；韵文
46．extremely adv.极其，非常，极端→extreme adj.极其的；极端的 n．极端；极限
47．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．成就；成绩；完成→accomplished adj.技艺高
超的；熟练的
48．in store (for sb)即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)
49．draw on凭借，利用50．ought to应该，应当
51．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
52．be on the point of doing sth正要做某事
53．lie in 在于
54．bring...to one’s attention使某人注意……
55．take on呈现；承担
56．pull on拉动
57．hold on坚持；抓住
58．get over克服
59．What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.(what 引
导主语从句)
让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的音乐。
60．Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the
natural and social environments.(全部倒装)
每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
61．In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
(where引导定语从句，修饰一个表示抽象地点的名词)
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
62．Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，
brother.(否定词位于句首的部分倒装)
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。
1．devote vt.致力，专心；献身→devoted adj.全心全意的；忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n．
奉献；挚爱；忠诚
·devote...to (doing) sth把……用在/献给(做)某事上
devote oneself to献身，致力，专心
·be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
2．appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求→appealing adj.有吸
引力的；恳求的
·appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁或恳求某人做某事
appeal to对……有吸引力；向……呼吁
·make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁或恳求某人做某事
3.determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj.坚定的；下定决心的
→determination n．决心；决定
·determine to do sth决定做某事(表动作)determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事
·be determined to do sth决心做某事(表状态)
4.significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的→significance n．意义；重要性→significantly adv.
显著地；意味深长地
·be significant for...对……是重要的
It is significant that...很明显……
·be of (great) significance to...对……(很)重要
be of no/little significance to...对……不重要
attach (great) significance to (doing) sth认为(做)某事(很)重要
5.contain vt.包含，含有，容纳→container n．容器；集装箱
·contain oneself控制自己；自制
·contain侧重于所含有的数量或成分；include 侧重于范围，表示整体和部分的关系，常使用
“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included” 的结构。
6.particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特别，尤其
be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究
in particular尤其，特别
7.attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj.未遂的，企图的
·attempt to do/at doing...尝试/试图做……
·make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
in an attempt to企图；试图；为了
8．confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
→confuse vt.使迷惑→confusion n．困惑；混淆
·be/get confused with/about...对……感到困惑
·confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
9.be doing...when...
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。
be doing...when...正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
10.with复合结构
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：·with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
·with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
·with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
·with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
1．我决定全身心投入研究课题的工作中，而他则开发科学模型。(2022·浙江1月，读后续
写)
I ____________________________________ the task of working with the subjects，while he
developed the scientific model.
2．我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。(应用文写作之倡议书)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．正是在那个时候，我决定学习一种新的技能来丰富我的生活，所以我向我的母亲寻求帮
助。(2023·全国乙，短文投稿)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生应该积极按时上体育课。(话题写作之学校
生活)
I ______________________________________________________，so we students ought to
have PE classes actively and punctually.
5．听到这个激动人心的消息，他激动得几乎控制不住自己。(读后续写之情绪描写)
Hearing the exciting news，he was so excited that __________________________________.
6．在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你最好行为举止恰当，尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪。(应用文写
作之建议信)
When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China ，you’d better behave properly ，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
7．在接下来的几天里，我们试图到处寻找我们的爱犬，但都是徒劳。 (读后续写之动作描
写)
In the next few days __________________________________________ our beloved dog in each
and every corner，but in vain.
8．父亲皱起眉头，困惑而担忧地望着我。(读后续写之情绪描写)
My father wrinkled his forehead and gazed at me，__________________________________.
9．他正在路上小心翼翼地走着，这时突然脚一滑，摔倒了。(读后续写之动作描写)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10．汤姆扑倒在母亲的怀里，眼里涌出了羞愧和尴尬的泪水。(读后续写之动作＋情感描写)
Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．appeal
A.vi.呼吁，恳求 B.vi.有吸引力 C.n.吸引力 D.vi.上诉，申诉
(1)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable，we hope that
such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.(2021·新
课标Ⅰ)________
(2)He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder.________
(3)The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.________
(4)The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl.________
2．contain
(1)Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain himself.________
(2)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to
avoid the charge，according to Treasury figures.(2022·全国乙)________
(3)The new stadium being constructed now can contain 2,000 people.________
1．The police have issued an appeal for witnesses to the traffic accident.____________
2．Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also
connected time to natural phenomena.(2021·北京) ____________
3．The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.____________
4．To further confuse the issue in the experiment，there is an enormous variation in the amount
of sleep people feel happy with.____________
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry对中国四大名著非常感兴趣，发邮件请你推荐一
部进行阅读。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1.乐于推荐；2.推荐的作品及理由。
参考词汇：
1.Dream of the Red Chamber 《红楼梦》
2.Journey to the West《西游记》
3.Outlaws of the Marsh《水浒传》
4.Romance of the Three Kingdoms《三国演义》
完成句子
1．我很高兴收到你的电子邮件，并得知你对中国文学的四大名著有浓厚的兴趣。(novel，
literature)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我写信推荐《红楼梦》，这是一部吸引国内外读者的小说。(appeal，同位语＋定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．这部小说出自清朝著名小说家曹雪芹之手，在中国文学中具有重要意义。(of＋
significance，过去分词短语作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．它的语言简单而有意义，特别包含了许多优美的中国古典诗歌，我相信这对你的汉语学
习有益。(contain，particular，非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．阅读这部反映中国古代生活的小说，肯定有助于加深你对中国文化的理解。(reflect，动
名词短语作主语，非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．总之，我真诚地希望你喜欢读这本小说，并能与我分享你的感受和观点。(summary)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________教材语料整合
[情感描写] sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 mean
adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 generosity n．慷慨，大方，
宽宏大量 confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
[动作描写] devote oneself to致力，专心，献身 determine vt.确定；支
亮
词 配；决心 vi.决心
awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 draw on凭借，利用 destroy
vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 accomplish vt.完成
1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell
and held it to his ear.(环境描写)
2.Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the
race are the natural and social environments.(排比句式)
3.A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass；but a poet
stops，looks deeper，sees truth and beauty，and writes，“Yesterday’s
flowers am I．”(动作描写)
美句
4.The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and
only his great tail moving.(外貌描写)
5.But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish
came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way
over and then righted himself and swam away.(动作＋环境描写)
6.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail
weaving in the air.(动作描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：惊讶
1.shock n．震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v．使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕的，感
到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
2.astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十分惊奇的
→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
单词 3.surprise n．意想不到(或突然)的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v．使惊奇
→surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，
出人意料地
4.amaze v．使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人
的，了不起的；令人诧异的→amazement n．惊奇5.stunned adj.(因惊讶、震惊而)目瞪口呆的 6.astounding adj.令人震惊的
7.speechless adj.(因惊愕)一时语塞的 8.dumbfounded adj.惊呆了的
1.to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是
2.in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地
3.It amazes/astonishes me that...令我惊讶的是……
4.What amazes/astonishes me most is...最让我吃惊的是……
5.gasp in astonishment惊讶得倒吸一口气
6.be dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement被一种强烈的兴奋感所
支配
7.beyond one’s expectations出乎意料
词块 8.raise the eyebrows/frown in surprise惊讶地挑眉/皱眉
9.widen the eyes/eyes grow wide in great surprise/astonishment非常吃惊地睁大了
双眼
10.freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock惊呆了
11.speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来
12.jaw almost dropped/fell in astonishment惊掉了下巴
13.a spark of surprise flashed/passed across one’s eyes眼中闪过一丝震惊
14.be seized by shock震惊
15.throw sb into astonishment使某人震惊
1.A look of surprise spread over/across her face.惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开
来。(无灵主语)
2.Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment.
看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。(分词短语作状语)
3.My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience.当我看到
这么多观众时，我惊掉了下巴。
4.Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock，as if rooted to the
ground.
听到这个意外的消息，Mary惊呆了，动弹不得。(状语从句的省略)
句型
5.The moment I opened the box，my eyes grew wide in great
surprise/astonishment.
我一打开盒子，就惊奇地睁大眼睛。
6.Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car
was a six-year-old boy.
我们靠近，发现车子的司机是一个六岁男孩，都惊呆了/惊得说不出话来。(形
容词短语作状语)
7.With our jaws dropping to the ground，all the on-lookers glued their eyes to
us，and then burst into thunderous applause.我们的下巴都掉到地上了，所有的旁观者都目不转睛地盯着我们，然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(with复合结构)
语料运用 文学作品
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)I still remember it was a Monday morning，when my teacher called me
to his office，①__________________________________________________________(现在分
词短语作状语)．②____________________________________________________________(过
去分词短语作状语) at his words，I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet，
③__________________(状语从句的省略)，couldn’t move a bit.The next day，I was presented
with my award at the ceremony.I went to my teacher’s office after the award
presentation.④______________________________________________(with复合结构)，he told
me that he was proud of my wonderful performance.⑤__________________(形容词短语作状语)，
I bowed to my teacher to show my thanks to him.Since then，I have written many good works and
now I am a famous writer.I ⑥____________________________________________ who is a
beacon in my life on the road to writing.
我还记得那是一个星期一的早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中
得了第一名。听到他的话，我被一种强烈的兴奋和自豪感所控制，只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，
我的脚就像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。第二天，我在典礼上被授予了奖项。 颁奖典
礼后，我去了老师的办公室。他的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，他告诉我，他为我的精彩表现感
到骄傲。惊得说不出话来，我向老师鞠躬表示感谢。从那时起，我写了许多好作品，而现在
我是一个著名的作家。我把我的成功归功于我的老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。
