文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．shark n．鲨(鱼)
2．fin v．切去(鱼的)鳍 n．鱼鳍
3．sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的
4．bulb n．灯泡
5．renewable adj.(能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的
6．carbon n．碳
7．reusable adj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的
8．brochure n．小册子
9．solar adj.利用太阳光(能)的
10．slide n．幻灯片
11．stand-by adj.备用的
12．mode n．(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式
13．appliance n．家用电器，家用器具
14．plug n．(电)插头
15．litre n．升，公升
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．dive v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
2．target v．把……作为目标
3．attitude n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
4．ocean n．海洋，大海
5．highlight v．使……突出；使注意力集中于
6．hunting n．打猎，狩猎
7．reserve n．(野生生物)保护区
8．staff n．员工
9．establish v．建立，设立10．damage v．破损，损害，损伤
11．drought n．旱灾，干旱
12．flood n．洪水，水灾
13．affect v．影响
14．supply n．(煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)
15．restore v．使恢复
16．adopt v．采取(某种方法)；收养，领养
17．greenhouse n．温室，暖房
18．reduce v．减少，降低
19．release v．释放，排放
20．smog n．烟雾，雾霾
21．severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的
22．lecture n．(尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲
23．amount n．数量，数额
24．device n．设备，仪器，装置
25．leak v．(使)漏，(使)渗漏
26．remove v．移走，搬走，去掉；移除
27．campaign n．(宣传)活动
28．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
29．average adj.平均(数)的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.害怕的；惊恐的→scary adj.恐怖的
2．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→unfortunate adj.不幸的→unfortunately
adv.不幸地
3．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的
4．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的；投入的→devotion n．致力；献身
5．cruelty n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地
6．presentation n．报告；(观点的)陈述，说明；介绍；展示→present vt.颁发；出示；赠送；
呈递 n．礼物 adj.现在的；目前的；出席的
7．fog n．雾→foggy adj.多雾的；有雾的
8．infection n．感染，传染病→infect v．传染→infectious adj.传染的；传染性的
9．permission n．允许，许可→permit v．允许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证
10．majority n．多数；大多数(人或物)→major adj.主要的；重要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；
主修学生
11．false adj.假的；不正确的，错误的→falsity n．虚假；不真实；错误12．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；带电的→electronic adj.电子的
13．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n．强烈的欲望；迫切要求→urgent adj.紧急的；
急迫的→urgency n．紧急；急迫
14．concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→concern v．(使)担忧；涉及；与……有关 n．担忧，忧
虑→concerning prep.关于；就……而言
15．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献，捐献→contribution n．贡献
1．underlying /ˌʌndə'laIIŋ/ adj.隐含的；潜在的
2．temptation /temp'teIʃn/ n．引诱；诱惑(物)→tempt /tempt/ vt.引诱；诱惑→tempting
/temptIŋ/ adj.吸引人的；诱人的
3．beloved /bI'lʌvd/ adj.钟爱的；深受喜爱的 n．心爱的人
4．inherent /In'hIərənt/ adj.固有的；内在的
5．flaw /flɔː/ n．错误；缺点；裂痕
6．complication /ˌkɒmplI'keIʃn/ n．复杂化；难题
7．discouraged /dIs'kʌrIdʒd/ adj.泄气的；心灰意冷的→discourage /dIs'kʌrIdʒ/ vt.使灰心；使
泄气；阻拦
8．prompt /prɒmpt/ vt.促使；导致 adj.立即的；迅速的；敏捷 n．(给演员的)提词；提示
9．proverb /'prɒvɜːb/ n．谚语；格言
10．fulfilling /fʊl'fIlIŋ/ adj.让人感觉有意义的；令人满足的→fulfil /fʊl'fIl/ vt.实现；履行；
符合
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．due to 由于，因为
2．take...into account把……考虑进去
3．in fear害怕地
4．be scared/frightened/afraid of害怕……
5．cut...off 把……切断
6．have an effect upon/on对……有影响
7．see...as 把……看作
8．the other way round 相反地
9．mistake...for...把……误当作……
10．break down分解；出故障；(谈判)失败；(健康、精神等)垮掉
11．common sense常识
12．take steps采取措施
13．call on号召Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
(形容词短语作状语)
有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。
2．In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.(be doing...when...)
在1980年，本奇利正在潜水，这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。
3．Today，as we learn more about sharks，more people than ever want to protect them from
extinction.(as引导时间状语从句)
时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。
4．It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper.(It
takes/took...some time to do...)塑料的分解需要数百年的时间，而纸的降解时间要短得多。
5．However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and
up to three times the amount of water.(倍数表达法)然而，生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍，
耗水则多达三倍。
6．To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.(不定式
作目的状语)
为确保你的电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
What scares us is that many rare animals are faced with extinction due to human beings’
cruelty ， such as illegal hunting.Besides ， with more and more carbon dioxide
1.______(release)，the environment has got damaged and greenhouse effect occurs.Plus，
severe drought ， flood and smog around the world highlight the urge to take steps
2.____________(protect) the environment.Fortunately，those 3.______________ are concerned
about the environment have realized the 4.____________(important) of sustainable development
and adopted some measures.Many governments and people contribute to
5.____________(reduce) pollution.Also ， we find many 6.____________(nature) reserves
established.A majority of scientists are devoted to making the most of renewable and
reusable solar energy.More campaigns are launched and more lectures are delivered to educate
people to live 7.____________ low-carbon life.More brochures are handed out on how to
8.____________(correct) use household appliances so that amounts of electricity can
9.______(save)．Only if we have a scientific attitude 10.____________ environmental protection
can we achieve the desired target.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕；使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 vi.受惊吓(scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 scaredadj.恐惧的；惊恐的)
·scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
·be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth害怕某人/某事
be scared to death吓得要死
(1)She was scared ____________(dive) into the deep water because there were many dangerous
creatures.
＝She was scared of _______(dive) into the deep water because there were many dangerous
creatures.
(2)她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁，心怦怦直跳。
She ________________________ beside a big tree by the roars of tigers，with her heart pounding.
(3)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)当我意识到那头熊回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us ， I
______________________________.
(4)(读后续写之场景描写)没有保罗的好心帮忙，马克决不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。
Mac could by no means ________________________ with bare hands without the help of kind-
hearted Paul.
devote vt.致力，献身，倾注；专心致志于；把……用于(devoted adj.挚爱的；投入的；
忠实的，忠诚的；献身的 devotion n．献身；奉献；关爱；忠诚)
·devote...to (doing) sth把……用在/献给(做)某事上
devote oneself to doing sth献身于/致力于做某事
·be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(1)The reason for our ____________(devote) to her is that she devotes her time to
____________(reduce) pollution at an early age.
(2)(话题写作之人物介绍)Yuan Longping devoted himself to studying hybrid rice and he was
respected by people all over the world.
＝____________________________________，Yuan Longping was respected by people all over
the world.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
＝______________________________，Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the
world.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
permission n．允许，许可，批准；许可证(permit vt.& vi.允许，许可，准许；使有可能
n．许可证)·ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb请求某人许可
with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
·permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事
permit (doing) sth允许(做)某事
(1)Due to the terrible weather，we weren’t permitted ________(go) outside，which made us in
low spirits.
(2)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作) 没有老师的许可，你绝不能带手机到自习室。因此，如果
你的确需要一部手机，你必须请求老师许可。另外，我们不允许大声说话，这会打扰别人。
___________________________ ， you mustn’t take your smartphone to the self-study
room.Thus ， if you do need one ， you must
_________________________________________.What’s more ， we
________________________，which will disturb others.
(3)(应用文写作之告知信)如果天气允许，比赛将于下午2点在我校体育馆举行，持续约3小
时。
____________________________________，the competition to be held in our school stadium
will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours.
urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.竭力主张；强烈要求，敦促 (urgent adj.紧急的；急迫
的)
·have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
·urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张/强调……做某事。
(1)(2023·上海 1月，书面表达)If we handle the above ____________(urge) matters as soon as
possible，more and more students will be crazy about the spoken English class.
(2)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们自己
的不合适的行为并且做出改变。
To protect oceans better，we _______________________________________ and make changes.
(3)(2022·天津6月，书面表达)随着中国的发展，年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流被大力强调。
因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。
With the development of China，____________ the young ______________________________
without difficulty.Hence，anyone _______________ can register for our Spoken English Club.
contribute vi.& vt.促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；捐助；贡献；投稿(contribution n．
捐献；贡献；捐赠)
·contribute...to...把……贡献给……；向……投稿contribute to(to为介词)有助于；促成；导致；是……的一个原因；为……做出贡献
·make contributions/a contribution to为……做出贡献；捐款
(1)These generous businessmen have contributed lots of money to ____________(establish) new
reserves for the endangered animals.
(2)(2023·北京，书面表达)只有公众愿意为建设绿色北京做出贡献，我们才能实现我们的目
标。
Only if the public willingly __________________________ can we achieve our target.
(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)经常读英文报纸的确有助于提高我的英语水平。有时我给
报纸投稿，这进一步增强了我的写作能力。
Reading the English newspaper regularly does _______________________.Sometimes I
____________________________________，which further strengthens my writing ability.
average adj.平均(数)的；正常的；普通的 n．平均数；平均水平
above/below the average高于/低于平均水平
on average平均；一般地
the average of...……的平均数
(1)____________ average,75 species face extinction per day.
(2)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧上升，使我们能够在线学习。
________________________________ in recent years，making it possible for us to study online.
(3)(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他的教学水平远远高于平均水
平。他中等身材，戴着一副眼镜。
The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher _____________________________.He is
__________________ and wears a pair of glasses.
形容词短语作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible
creature from the film.
有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。
形容词(短语)作状语：
·说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。
·表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
(1)____________(concern) about the environmental problem of our country ， the authority
encourages the companies to make use of solar energy.
(2)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)I was scared of failing to find our way to the farm.I sat beside a
tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.＝__________________________________________，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders
in my arms tightly.(形容词短语作状语)
(3)(应用文写作之邀请信)很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣，我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校
正在举行的展览。
____________________________________________________________ ， I am writing to
sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition being hosted in our school.
倍数表达法 However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making
a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而，生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的
四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
倍数的表达方式：
·A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B
·A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
·A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B
·A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。
The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is _______________
_______________________________ what it was ten years ago.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．lecture
(1)What makes me annoyed is that he is always lecturing me about my behavior.________
(2)(2023·北京)Soon after dinner，I handed the essay to mum.I half expected a lecture—at least
an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”．________
(3)(2022·浙江1月)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by
plane—has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange
information.________
2．due
(1)I must remind you that the next rent payment is due on January 31.________
(2)No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due
respect.________
(3)(2023·全国乙)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only
five minutes before the best moment.________(4)The honour is mainly due to you.But for your help and professional instruction，we couldn’t
have done so brilliantly.________
(5)(2022·新课标Ⅰ)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for
each class period it is late.________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)I am greatly convinced that I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally
unknown.____________________
(2)He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000 due to his own mistake.____________________
(3)(2021·浙江1月)He lived on the streets，and then in an orphanage(孤儿院)．There，he was
adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.____________________
(4)(2023·全国甲)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park
what they most hope to see ， and their answer is often the same ： a grizzly
bear.____________________
(5)There lay my house，reduced to ruins，smelly and dirty.____________________
(6) Facing such a challenging problem，I was lost in a fog.____________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．____________ average，I will go to the gallery three times a week.
2．You should hold a positive attitude ____________ your profession，or you will be fired.
3．There is no denying that I won’t ____________(permit) to go hiking alone in a remote
mountain.
4．The instant I saw a crocodile swimming in the river，I was almost ____________(scare) to
death，with my legs trembling without control.
5．My previous teacher has a deep effect ____________ me and I will never forget him.
6．Large amounts of money ____________(spend) on the bridge beyond the budget last year.
7 ． Every year I devote much time to ____________(travel) around the world ， enjoying
dramatic landscapes.
8．This café is three times ____________(big) than that one，so it attracts a lot more customers.
9.Masses of visitors travel to the famous tourist attraction，____________(cause) damage to the
beautiful place.
10．Much to her delight，the manager of the chain store reduced her weight __________ 6 kilos
_______ 45 kilos.
2023·北京假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿
色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.活动形式；
2.活动内容。
完成句子
1．很高兴听说你正在策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，我写信是想给你一些建
议。(形容词短语作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我强烈敦促你组织一次环城徒步旅行，在推广环保交通的同时，探索北京的绿色地方。
(urge that...；while doing)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．另一个有效的活动是植树，为城市的绿色努力做出贡献。(contribute to)
________________________________________________________________________
4．为了建设绿色北京，你们需要与当地志愿者或环保组织共同努力致力于保护北京的自然
环境。(be devoted to；不定式作目的状语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．我真诚地希望你能考虑以上建议。(take...into account)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[情感描写] scare；urge；concerned
亮词
[动作描写] dive；devote；highlight；damage；affect；release；leak；contribute to
1.She surfaces，cries in fear，then disappears forever.(情感描写＋动作链描写)
美句 2．People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.It made
people frightened of sharks，especially of the great white shark.(情感描写)3．Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the
film.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：焦虑、担忧与不耐烦
anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑
worried adj.担心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的→worry vt.使忧虑，使担心
单词
n．担心，忧虑 helpless/hopeless adj.无助的/无望的→helplessness/hopelessness n．
无助/绝望
with anxiety焦虑地 be concerned/worried about担忧 full of/filled with anxiety焦虑
不安 feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑而担忧的感觉 decline one’s head in
词块
despair 垂头丧气 abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助 be reduced to tears伤心
落泪 heart torn with despair绝望得撕心裂肺
Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned.
雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。
Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning.(过去分词短语作状语；形容词
作状语)
他充满了焦虑，无助地站在那里，皱着眉头。
With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and
fear.
一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽又担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。
句型 Worried/Concerned about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.(形容词短
语作状语)
由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。
He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night，worried.(形容
词作状语)
他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。
He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by a feeling of despair.(过去分词
短语作状语)
他凝视着周围一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。
语料运用 环境保护
The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and
dirty river and froze there，①___________________________________(过去分词短语作状语)．
Past beautiful scenery came back in floods.I
②__________________________________________ ， thinking what had contributed to the
terrible environment.③__________________________(形容词短语作状语)，I was unsettled for
the first few days，feeling on pins and needles.④____________________________________(形容 词 短 语 作 状 语 ) ， I began delivering lectures to
⑤____________________________________.The public’s active responses melted away my
feelings of anxiety and concern.
十年后，当我踏上家乡的那一刻，我凝视着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河，在那里愣住了，
感到一阵绝望。往日的美景如洪水般涌了回来。我流下了眼泪，绝望地低下了头，心想是什
么造成了这种可怕的环境。由于担心被破坏的环境，我在最初的几天里坐立不安，感觉如坐
针毡。决定改变这种状况，我开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。公众的积极反应消解了我
的焦虑和担忧的感觉。
