文档内容
1．republic n．共和国，共和政体
2．malaria n．疟疾
3．deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
4．province n．省，省份
5．extract n．提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
6．herb n．药草，香草；草本
7．experiment n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
8．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验
on trial受审；在试验中；试用
9．household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭
10．postpone vt.延迟，延期
11．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
12．data n．数据，资料，材料
13．error n．错误，差错
14．wisdom n．才智；明智；智慧，知识，学问
15．conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
16．penicillin n．青霉素，盘尼西林
17．mould (AmE mold) n．霉菌；模具；类型 vt.浇铸；塑造
18．bacteria (sing.bacterium) n．细菌
19．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的
by accident＝by chance偶然；意外地
20．lightning n．闪电
21．electricity n．电，电能
22．theory n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见
23．thunderstorm n．雷雨，雷暴
24．ribbon n．带子，丝带；带状物25．metal n．金属
26．electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的
27．bang n．突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
28．standout adj.突出的 n．突出的人(或物)
29．atomic adj.原子的；原子能的
30．bomb n．炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸
31．evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
32．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于
to one’s credit值得赞扬
33．negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定
34．intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者
35．mystery n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品
36．authority n．权威；权力；官方
37．evolution n．进化；演变，发展
38．publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布
39．survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survive vi.& vt.生存；幸存，幸免于难
→survivor n．幸存者
40．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.大体上；开心(笑)
地→broaden vt.变宽，扩大……的范围
41．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含
42．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 vi.得益于
43．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示
44．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的
→surroundings n．周围的环境
surround...with...用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded with/by被……包围
45．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示
46．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智
47．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治(学)→political adj.政治的
48．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
49．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德
的
50．apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂
抹，敷用→applicant n．申请人
51．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬be ignorant of...对……无知
52．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的 v．使摆脱；解放；松开→freely adv.自由
地
·be free to do sth自由地做某事
·free sb of/from sth使某人摆脱某事；使某人免于某事
53．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责的
54．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的→nation n．国家；
民族
55．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚
56．pay off成功，奏效，达到目的
57．through trial and error反复试验
58．by accident偶然，意外地
59．with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
60．let sb down使某人失望
61．as to关于，至于
62．take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
63．make a difference有影响，起作用
64．thanks to 由于；幸亏
65．far from the truth根本不是事实
66．work out制定出；锻炼；计算出；理解；解决
67．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to
receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the
deadliest diseases in human history.(动词不定式作后置定语)
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中
做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
68．Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold
water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order
not to damage its effective part.(过去分词短语作状语)
在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新
设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。
69．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after
many failed experiments.(It was not until...that...强调句型)
然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。
70．Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，
Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。1．intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指→intended adj.计划的；为……打算(或设计)的
→intention n．目的；意图；打算
·intend to do/doing sth打算做某事
intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth(＝intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
·be intended to do sth旨在做某事；专为做某事而设计的
be intended for专门为……准备/打算
·with the intention of抱有……的目的；打算……
2.limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制→limitless adj.无限的
·be limited to受限制于……
·beyond/within the limits of超出/限定在……范围内
without limit无限制地
There is a/no limit to (doing)．..……是有限的/无限的。
·limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
3．favour(AmE favor) vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable
adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮一个忙
do a favour for sb＝do sb a favour给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
in favour of支持，赞同；有利于
4.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满；向……方向冲去
n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
·charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪；因(做)……而控告某
人
charge sb money for sth因某物/某事收某人钱
charge at向……发起冲锋，扑向
·free of charge(＝for free)免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
take charge of掌管(表动作)
5.involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj.有关的；卷入的；复杂的
→involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连·involve (doing) sth包含；需要(做)某事
involve oneself in sth参加……
·be/get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于
6.permit v．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．通行证；许可证；执照→permission n．允
许，许可
·permit sb (to do) sth允许某人(做)某事
permit doing sth允许做某事
·with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/未获得某人许可
ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb请求某人许可
7.declare vt.宣告；宣布；声明；表明，宣称；申报
declare...to be/as...宣布……为……
declare war on/against...向……宣战
declare for/against表示赞成/反对
It is declared that...据宣布……
8．refer to指的是；提到，谈及；参考，查阅(reference n．提及；参考，查阅；介绍信)
·refer to...as...把……称作……
refer...to...把……提交给……
·in/with reference to关于
9.put forward提出，提议，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(钟表)
put aside把……放到一边；储存
put off推迟；延期
put up with忍受；容忍
put away把……收拾好；整理；储蓄
put on穿上；上演；增加
put up搭建；张贴；举起；为……提供住宿
put down放下；写下；镇压
10.it作形式宾语
Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
在“take it for granted＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此
类似的用法有rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when
从句等。1．①我们的访谈节目“Talk and Talk”旨在与学生分享英语学习方法和经验。(2022·新课标
Ⅰ，邀请信)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②我本打算这个周末和你一起出去，但发生了一件意想不到的事情。希望这不会让你失望。
(应用文写作之道歉信)
I __________________________________________________________________________ but
something unexpected happened，hoping it wouldn’t let you down.
2．没有朋友，你的世界将局限于一片荒芜。(读后续写之主旨升华)
Without friends，your world would __________________________________ wilderness.
3．当听到大多数人不赞成他对实验的意见时，他气得怒火中烧。(读后续写之情感描写)
He boiled with anger when hearing that __________________________________________.
4．我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国友人介绍中国传统文化。(2021·全国甲，咨询信)
__________________________________________________________ designed to introduce
traditional Chinese culture to foreign friends.
5．在文化节上，我参与了各种各样的精彩活动，从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览。(2022·浙江1
月，应用文写作)
At the cultural festival ， ________________________________________________________
from drama performance to art works exhibition.
6．如果天气允许的话，将进行冬日远足活动，让我们接近大自然并提高我们的健康意识。
(应用文写作之通知)
________________________，a winter hike will be conducted to get us close to nature and raise
our health awareness.
7．当老师宣布我是写作比赛的冠军时，我激动得无法抑制我的快乐。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
____________________________________________________________，I was so excited that I
can’t contain my happiness.
8．我写信向你寻求关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(2021·全国甲，咨询
信)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．至于你在信中提出的问题，我认为有一个均衡的饮食是一个好主意。(应用文写作之建议
信)
As to the problem ______________________，I think it is a good idea to have a balanced diet.
10．我们总是理所应当地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，因此我们过度开发海洋。
(2022·全国甲，短文投稿)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ ， so we
overdevelop our oceans.
1．pay off
(1)Finally，my hard work paid off—we were awarded an A，which gave us great satisfaction.
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)________
(2)Over 1,000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes.________
(3)Ten years later，the wife paid off all the debts that her husband left，which was beyond
others’ expectations.________
2．refer to
(1)Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox is a commonly practiced custom in many
regions of China.Spring vegetables refer to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to
place.________
(2)Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？________
(3)The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.________
1．The helicopter landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear.He looked irritated and
charged at us again.(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)____________
2．There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice.____________
3．At home，my dad said，“A job’s a big step to growing up.I’m glad you will be
contributing to the household.” (2021·浙江6月，读后续写)____________
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美The Beauty of Science”为主题的首届
校园科学节。请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
完成句子
1．为了提高学生的科学意识，以“科学之美”为主题的科学节于上周在我校举行。(intend)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________2．一位专家被邀请教我们如何制作机器人，之后学生们参与了丰富多彩的活动，比如编程
机器人和设计机器人。(involve，“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．在其他活动方面，在不同的时间安排了有关先进技术的科学知识测验和讲座。(as to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．在这个节日上，我们还在现场欣赏了各种各样的装置，这些装置对我们的日常生活有很
大的好处。(benefit，非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．最令人印象深刻的是这个节日让我们学生意识到追求科学是没有极限的。(what引导主语
从句，that引导表语从句，there is no limit to...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．这个节日不仅激励我们投身于科学，也提高了我们的创新意识。(apply，部分倒装)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[动作描写] surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 let sb down使
某人失望
亮
permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 put forward提出，提议，建议
词
[环境描写] lightning n．闪电 thunderstorm n．雷雨，雷暴 bang n．突然
的巨响；猛敲，猛击
1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of
China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against
malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(人物描写)
2.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor
美句
conditions，but they never gave up.(人物描写)
3.When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and
mystery coming to us again and again.(情感描写)
4.It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit offreedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not
to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our
duty to all coming generations.(排比句式，主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：失望与遗憾
1.disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointed adj.失
望的→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事
单词 2.regret v．后悔，对……感到遗憾/抱歉 n．遗憾，失望→regretful adj.后悔
的；失望的
3.sorry adj.遗憾的
1.feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了
2.weep bitter tears of disappointment失望地痛哭流涕
3.hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望
4.a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread over one’s face某人
脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
词块 5.be overcome/consumed with disappointment＝be overwhelmed by
disappointment非常失望
6.to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
7.a ripple of regret welled up inside sb某人心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪
8.tears of regret run/stream down one’s cheeks后悔的眼泪顺着某人的脸颊流
下来
1.Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked
himself up in his room.
他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。(分词作状语)
2.His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize.当得知没
有获奖时，他的心一沉。
3.The news that he didn’t win a prize immediately threw him into low spirits.
句型 他没有获奖的消息立刻使他精神不振。
4.Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of
regret running/streaming down his cheeks.看到令人失望的结果，他非常失
望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。(独立主格结构)
5.It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me.How I
wished I hadn’t said those words！就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟
漪。我真希望我没有说那些话！(强调句式，无灵主语句)
语料运用 科学精神
Edith is keen on science and invention.When she heard there was going to be a competitionabout invention and innovation，she ①________________________.Edith spared no effort to
prepare for it and she was sure ②__________________________________.However，during the
competition ， when Edith slowly turned on the machine ， it didn’t work as
expected.③______________________________ at her failing to invent the machine.When she
looked around，④____________________________________________________________(动
词 ＋ 宾 语 ＋ 宾 语 补 足 语 ) ． Lowering her head ， she was extremely frustrated ，
⑤____________________________________(独立主格)．She was about to leave when a judge
approached her and ⑥________________________________________________，“Don’t
lose heart ， honey.Failure is the mother of success.Bear in mind that
⑦____________________________________________________________(定语从句)．”
伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说有一个关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报
名参加了。伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。然而，
在比赛中，当伊迪丝慢慢地打开机器时，它并没有像预期的那样工作。由于没能成功发明这
台机器，她感到极度失望。当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。她低
下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾的涟漪。她正要离开时，一位评委走过来，用温柔的声
音安慰她：“亲爱的，别灰心。失败是成功之母。记住，成功属于那些永不放弃的人。”
