文档内容
1．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员
2．gravity n．重力；严重性；严肃
3．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
4．cupboard n．壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
5．ceiling n．天花板；上限
6．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
carry out a mission执行任务
7．creature n．动物，生物；人
8．mosquito n．(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos)蚊子
9．microscope n．显微镜
10．maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持
11．radiation n．辐射，放射线
12．luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
13．tube n．管，管子；软管
14．furthermore adv.此外，再者
15．pill n．药丸，药片
16．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
17．leisure n．闲暇，空闲
leisure time业余时间
at sb’s leisure在某人闲暇时
18．crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
19．altogether adv.完全；总共；总之
20．kit n．成套设备，成套工具；配套元件
21．telescope n．望远镜
22．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
23．orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行 n．(天体等运行的)轨道24．astronomer n．天文学家
25．merely adv.仅仅，只不过
26．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政
27．agency n．机构；代理处
28．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
be comprised of...由……组成
29．scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n．扫描检查；快速查阅
30．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
31．purse n．资金，财源；钱包
32．tale n．故事；讲述，叙述
33．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
34．hydrogen n．氢，氢气
35．rocket n．火箭；火箭武器
36．motive n．原因，动机，目的
a motive for...……的动机
37．mechanic n．机械师，技工
38．shelter n．居住，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
39．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的
40．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
41．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；估价
42．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝
光
43．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的→visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地
44．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n．永久性，持久性；永久
45．universe n．宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的
46．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原著；
原作→originally adv.原来，起初
the origin of...……的起源
47．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁
地
48．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入
49．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算，运算；预测→calculator n．计算
器
It is calculated that...据估算……
50．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括
51．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信→incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的
52．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
53．cast new light on使进一步了解……
54．plain to see显而易见的
55．lay the foundation for为……打下基础
56．come to an end结束
57．at a time每次
58．a huge amount of大量的
59．long to do 渴望做……
60．make sense of弄清楚/弄明白……
61．Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t
float around.(so that引导目的状语从句)
由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。
62．It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds
don’t bother us any more.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)
尝试背部没有压力地入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
63．Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as
引导让步状语从句)
尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
64．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that
it orbits the Sun.(强调句)
正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。
1．absence n．[C] & [U]缺席；不在某处；[U]缺乏→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在
焉的→absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的
·absence of mind心不在焉
in one’s absence＝in the absence of sb某人不在时
·be absent from不参加；缺席
2.bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难
bother doing/to do sth费心做某事
can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
bother with/about sth花费时间/精力(做某事)；为某事烦恼
bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人
It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是……3．occupy vt.占领；使用，占用；居住；使忙于→occupied adj.使用中的；忙于
→occupation n．工作；职业；占领
·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
·be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
4.circumstance n．条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
in/under no circumstances决不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话
5.vital adj.对……极重要的；必不可少的
be vital for/to sth对……极为重要
be of vital importance to...对……至关重要
It is vital to do...做……很重要。
It is vital that sb (should) do sth.某人做某事是极其重要的。
6.assistant n．助手，助理；助教；售货员 adj.辅助的；助理的；副的→assist v．帮助；协
助；援助→assistance n．援助，帮助；辅助设备
·assist sb with sth/in doing sth/to do sth帮助某人(做)某事
·with the assistance of在……的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人
7.in view of鉴于，考虑到
·in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来
have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览
come into view进入视野，映入眼帘
·view...as...把……看作……
8.why引导表语从句
That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
·This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因)
·This/That is the reason why...这/那就是……的原因。(why引导的从句表示结果)
·The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导的是定语从句)
1．我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我过去总是麻烦您为我做很多事情，但您从来不对我不耐烦。(应用文写作之感谢信)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。(应用文写作之申请
信)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．在任何情况下我们都不应屈服于任何困难。(读后续写之主旨升华)(倒装句型)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．如果我们要在环境保护方面有所作为，从小事做起是至关重要的。(应用文写作之倡议
书)
If we are to make a difference in environmental protection，____________________________.
6．有时我会失去信心，但幸运的是，我最好的朋友一直鼓励我说：“你绝不应该半途而废。
我会一直帮助你的。”(应用文写作之人物介绍)
At times I will lose heart，but luckily my best friend encourages me all the time，saying，“At
no time should you give up halfway.____________________________________________”
7．①尽管这个礼物不值多少钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的
爱。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句型)
Although the present isn’t worth much ， I value it very
much.________________________________________________________________
②孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的教育家和思想家之一。(2023·全国甲，短文投稿)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．他总是尽其所能参与他们所做的任何事情。这就是为什么没有一个孩子认为大卫决定加
入越野赛队是不寻常的。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were
doing.____________________________________________ that David had decided to join the
cross-country team.
1．occupy
A．使忙于(做某事) B．占用(空间、面积、时间等) C．侵占；占据
(1)The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.________
(2)Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg ，occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frighteningdreams.(2023·全国甲)________
(3)She occupied herself with routine office tasks.________
2．shelter
A.n.躲避处；避难所 B.n.居所；住处 C.n.保护；掩蔽；庇护 D.vt.掩蔽；保护 E.vi.躲
避；避难
(1)They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.________
(2)The sun beat down，so we sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.________
(3)Over the past few years，many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their
solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators，resulting in soil improvement and
carbon reduction.(2023·浙江1月)________
(4)Food，clothing，fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs.________
(5)Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms.________
1．Apparently，the speed of light is an important constant.____________
2．She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move，but she decided to take
the chance.____________
假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，为使学生了解更多的航天知识，你校决定举行一
次关于航天科学的讲座，请用英语写一则书面通知，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间、地点；
2.讲座的目的及内容；
3.希望同学们踊跃参加。
完成句子
1．鉴于越来越多的学生对太空知识表现出极大的兴趣，本周五下午两点将在学校礼堂举行
一场以太空科学为主题的讲座。(in view of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．本讲座主要由三部分组成，第一部分将对我国航天飞行的历史和最近的发射进行新的阐
述。(cast new light on，“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．更好地了解我国航天事业的发展对我们来说具有重要的意义。(vital，it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．由同样的专家展示的第二部分将涉及相关的科学效益，如为某些疾病的治疗奠定基础。
(lay the foundation for，过去分词短语作定语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．最后也是最关键的部分是参与者可以提出他们感兴趣的问题。(incredibly，crucial，表语
从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．欢迎任何有意了解更多太空知识的同学参加本次讲座。(motive；定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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教材语料整合
[情感描写] absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 mission n．任务；使命，
天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 leisure n．闲
亮词 暇，空闲 crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 merely adv.仅仅，只不过
incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信
[动作描写] bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
1.First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and
protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out，and
sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time，with the beautiful Earth visible
below.(动作描写)
美句
2.Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you
might think.(事物描写)
3.During our leisure time，there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with
the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures forour family and friends back home.(动作＋场景描写)
4.It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and
ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to
be made.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：哭泣(一)
1.weep v．哭泣 2.water v．流泪 3.sob v．呜咽 4.moan v．呻吟
单词 5.sniffle v．抽泣
6.wail/bawl v．放声大哭
1.be bathed in tears泪流满面 2.fight/hold back tears抑制住眼泪 3.be in
floods of tears泪如泉涌
4.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来 5.shed tears of joy流下喜悦
词块 的泪水 6.choke up哽咽
7.cry one’s eyes/heart out悲痛欲绝 8.cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤
独的泪水
9.sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.
简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。(with复合结构)
2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.
比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。
句型 3.Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t
realize that at all.
她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗一点也没有意识到这一切。
4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him.
塞西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。
语料运用 参加宇航员选拔
In order to be chosen as an astronaut，Susan worked out and devoted herself to studying
hard.However，①__________________________________，she failed to pass the test.At the
disappointing news，②________________________________________________(with 复合结
构)．Seeing their daughter ③________________________(分词短语作宾补)，her parents were
heartbroken.They tended her with great care and
④______________________________________.With the help and encouragement of her
parents ， eventually Susan made it.When getting the exciting news ， Susan
⑤________________________ ， “ Thank you ， Dad and
Mom.⑥____________________________________________(强调句式)．” The next few
minutes witnessed the family hugged together，⑦____________________(现在分词短语作状语)．
为了被选为宇航员，苏珊锻炼身体，专心学习。然而，令她失望的是，她没有通过考试。
听到这个令人失望的消息，她双手掩面啜泣。看到女儿泪流满面，她的父母伤心欲绝。他们
悉心照料她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心。在父母的帮助和鼓励下，苏珊最终成功了。当听
到这个激动人心的消息时，苏珊眼里含着泪水低声说：“谢谢你们，爸爸妈妈。是你们使我
渡过了难关。”在接下来的几分钟里，一家人紧紧地拥抱在一起，流下了喜悦的泪水。
