文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．internal adj.内部的
2．fountain n．喷水池
3．foundation n．基金会
4．mission n．职责；使命
5．territory n．地区，地方
6．institution n．机构，团体
7．registration n．登记，注册
8．Jewish adj.犹太人的，犹太教的
9．military n．军队
10．certificate n．证明书，证书
11．ministry n．(政府的)部
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．fund v．为……提供资金，资助 n．基金
2．recycle v．再利用，回收利用
3．insight n．顿悟，猛醒
4．reality n．真实，现实
5．disease n．疾病，病
6．cancer n．癌症
7．royal adj.王室的，皇家的
8．confirmation n．证实，证明
9．aid v．帮助，援助
10．chief adj.最高级别的，首席的
11．obtain v．获得，得到
12．drug n．药物，药材
13．further adj.更多的，附加的Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐助；投稿
2．relief n．减轻，缓解→relieve v．减轻，缓解
3．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；缺少的→shorten v．(使)变短
4．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．效果
5．earn v．挣(钱)→earnings n．收入
6．donate v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐献→donor n．捐赠者
7．perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
8．extend v．持续；延伸；扩展→extensive adj.广阔的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸
9．disability n．残疾，残障→disabled adj.残疾的→able adj.有能力的→ability n．能力
→enable vt.使能够；使成为可能
10．sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的→sense n．感官；感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；
合理的
11．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方
12．hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫→hesitation n．迟疑，犹豫
13．assistance n．帮助，援助→assist v．帮助，援助→assistant n．助理；助手
14．temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的→temporarily adv.短期地，短暂地；临时地
15．achievement n．成绩，成就→achieve v．实现
16．major adj.重要的，主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程→majority n．大多数
17．treatment n．治疗；疗法→treat v．治疗；对待
1．divorce /dI'vɔːs/ vi.& vt.离婚；判(某人)离婚；使分离 n．离婚；分离
2．correlate /'kɒrəleIt/ vi.& vt.使相互关联 n．相关的事物
3．incorporate /In'kɔːpəreIt/ vt.将……包括在内；包含
4．filter /'fIltə(r)/ vi.渗入；透过；缓行 vt.过滤；筛选 n．过滤器；过滤程序
filter out sth滤除；滤掉
5．exhausted /Iɡ'zɔːstId/ adj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的
6．impulse /'Impʌls/ n．冲动；心血来潮；脉冲；动机
7．whatsoever /ˌwɒtsəʊ'evə(r)/ adv.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)
8．spontaneous /spɒn'teIniəs/ adj.自发的；自然而生的
9．earnest /'ɜːnIst/ adj.非常认真的；真诚的
in earnest (更加)严肃地；认真地；坚定地
10．phoney (NAmE phony) /'fəʊni/ adj.假的；冒充的；欺骗的
Ⅳ.背核心短语1．break into a smile突然笑起来
2．rise to one’s feet站起身来
3．look across 眺望
4．earn money 赚钱，挣钱
5．turn out 出席；结果是，证明是；生产，制造
6．make a difference 起作用，产生影响
7．set up建立
8．benefit from从……中受益
9．come up with想出；提出
10．transport...to safety 把……送到安全的地方
11．keep records of记录
12．take in接收；收留；理解；欺骗；吸收；包括
13．at one point 一度；在某一时刻
14．bring...to one’s attention使……被某人注意
15．pass away去世
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his
teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.(have
trouble doing)
作为一名六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安难以相信他的老师所说的话：许多非洲发展中国家的人
都喝不到足够的干净的水。
2．And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick？(so...that...)
为什么水那么脏，以至于让他们生病？
3．What they needed was a well dug near their homes.(what 引导主语从句)
他们需要的是一口在他们家附近挖的井。
4．After several months，Ryan had raised the $2,000，with which a well was built near a
primary school in Uganda.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。
5．These are among the 669 children，most of them Jewish，that Nicholas Winton will go on to
save from death at the hands of the Nazis.(独立主格结构)
这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部
分。
6．On leaving school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.(on doing...)
一毕业，温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。
7．As the Chinese saying goes，“A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”(as引导定语从句)
正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者寿。”Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．internal adj.内部的
2．fountain n．喷水池
3．registration n．登记，注册
4．foundation n．基金会
5．mission n．职责；使命
6．institution n．机构，团体
7．military n．军队
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．disease n．疾病，病
2．recycle v．再利用，回收利用
3．insight n．顿悟，猛醒
4．reality n．真实，现实
5．cancer n．癌症
6．confirmation n．证实，证明
7．fund v．为……提供资金，资助 n．基金
8．further adj.更多的，附加的
9．drug n．药物，药材
10．obtain v．获得，得到
11．aid v．帮助，援助
12．chief adj.最高级别的，首席的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
1．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；缺少的
2．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．效果
3．donate v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐献→donor n．捐赠者
4．perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
5．disability n．残疾，残障→disabled adj.残疾的→able adj.有能力的→ability n．能力
→enable vt.使能够；使成为可能
6．sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的→sense n．感官；感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；
合理的
7．temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的→temporarily adv.短期地，短暂地；临时地
8．major adj.重要的，主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程→majority n．大多数Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．divorce vi.& vt. 离婚；判 ( 某人 ) 离婚；使分离 n．离婚；分离
2．exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的
3．whatsoever adv. 丝毫 ( 不 ) ；一点也 ( 不 )
4．spontaneous adj.自发的；自然而生的
5．earnest adj.非常认真的；真诚的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共16分)
1．look across 眺望
2．at one point 一度；在某一时刻
3．keep records of 记录
4．take in 接收；收留；理解；欺骗
5．turn out 出席；结果是，证明是；生产，制造
6． bring...to one ’ s attention 使……被某人注意
7．pass away 去世
8．come up with 想出；提出
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)
1．My foreign teacher often assists students in learning English and gives assistance to anyone in
need.I plan to be an assistant of him next year.(assist)
2．Although he had disabilities，he succeeded in achieving his dreams and we celebrated the
achievements he had made.(achieve)
3．The writer personally contributed ￡3,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his
contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)
4．To my relief，what the teacher does relieves our stress in the study.(relief)
5．The man’s aim is to earn more money and donate his earnings to the local foundation.
(earn)
6．She was so generous to the people in need of help and her generosity inspired more people to
help others.(generous)
7．The man will help you without hesitation.Therefore，when you are in trouble，don’t
hesitate to turn to him for help.(hesitate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．David rose to his feet and continued his running，showing no sign of giving up.
2．Local government set up some nature reserves in defence of animals close to extinction.
3．Surprisingly，seeing his mother stepping towards him，the six-month-old baby broke into asmile.
4．Keep in mind that a small act of kindness sometimes can make a difference to others.
5．Please join the program and you will benefit a lot from it especially your reading ability.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．让老师最生气的是这个学生频繁地对他撒谎。(what引导主语从句)
What annoyed the teacher most was that this student frequently lied to him.
2．(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)她是一位如此热心且富有奉献精神的老师，以至于赢得了普遍
赞扬。(so...that...)
She is so warm-hearted and dedicated a teacher that she has won general praise.
3．随着体育场的建成，各种各样的体育赛事将在此举行，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛非
常受欢迎。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
With the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events will be held here， of which ping-pong ，
football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
4．正如一句谚语所说，“不到长城非好汉。”(as引导定语从句)
Just as a saying goes，“He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”
5．那时她意识到她无法起身，呼吸困难。(have trouble doing)
Then she realized that she could not get up，and that she was having trouble breathing.
Li Hua lived in a city 1.which/that suffered from water shortage for a long time.The
government wanted to find some effective measures 2.to solve(solve) the problem.Therefore，
some water-saving foundations 3.were established(establish)，whose chief mission was to
launch some well-digging programmes.To make contributions to the relief of the water
shortage，many citizens were generous to donate money to the 4.related(relate) institutions.Li
Hua，one of the 5.donors(donor)，donated the money he earned from his part-time jobs，and
became one of the volunteers to appeal 6.to more people how to save water.They also
7.taught(teach) people how to store and recycle water.With their 8.assistance(assist) ， the
government’s work turned out to be effective.9.What they did benefited many people，making
10.a great difference.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
relief n．(痛苦或忧虑等的)减轻或消除；宽慰，轻松 (relieve v．减轻，缓解；解除
relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的)
·in/with relief欣慰地，释然地to one’s relief(＝to the relief of sb)令某人欣慰的是
what a relief总算松了一口气；终于解脱了
·relieve sb of...帮助某人减轻(负担)；解除某人的职务
(1)What a relief！I am not diagnosed with the serious disease.
(2)Hearing that he had passed the final exam，he sighed in/with relief and broke into a smile.
(3)使我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家，虽然很累，但很健康。
To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，tired but healthy.
(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我哽咽着说：“是你的慷慨帮助和及时指导减轻了我沉重的
压力。”
I choked out，“It is your generous assistance and timely guidance that has relieved me of the
heavy pressure/that has relieved my heavy pressure.”
effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的；生效的 (effect n．结果；效力；影响；作用)
have an effect on/upon对……有效；对……有影响
come/go into effect生效；开始实施
take effect生效；奏效
bring/put...into effect实施；实行；使……生效
in effect实际上；在实施中，有效
side effect副作用
(1)Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development.
(2)(话题写作之茶文化)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的
影响。
I introduced the history of tea-making，which had a great effect on/upon their better understanding
of our tea-drinking culture.
(3)(2023·北京，书面表达)事实上，一旦上述有效措施生效，绿色北京将在不久的将来成为
现实。
In effect，once the above effective measures come/go into effect/take effect/are brought/put into
effect，a green Beijing will become a reality in the near future.
hesitate v．犹豫，迟疑不决；顾虑，疑虑 (hesitation n.犹豫；迟疑)
·hesitate about/over (doing)．..对(做)……感到犹豫
hesitate to do sth迟疑做某事，对做某事有顾虑
·without hesitation毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth毫不犹豫地做某事(应用文写作之建议信)无论你何时有麻烦，我都会毫不犹豫地帮你一把。
Whenever you are in trouble，I will not hesitate about helping you out/I will not hesitate to help
you out/I will help you out without hesitation/I will have no hesitation in helping you out.
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修，专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生
(majority n．大部分；大多数)
·major in主修……
·a/the majority of大多数
in a/the majority占大多数
(1)Much to my relief，students supporting me are in the majority，enabling me to be elected as
the chairman of the Student Council.
(2)(应用文写作之申请信) 作为一名主修英语的毕业生，我很高兴能申请这个职位。作为一
名英语专业的学生，我不仅能流利地说英语，还可以帮助你处理各种事务。
As a graduate majoring in English，I feel excited to apply for the position.Being/As an English
major，not only can I speak English fluently but I also can aid you to handle various matters.
(3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。
Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.
break into a smile 突然笑起来
break into(及物)闯入；突然……起来
break in(不及物)破门而入，闯入；(on sth)打断；插嘴
break away (from)离开；脱离
break down使分解；(机器)损坏，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除；打破(障碍、
偏见等)
break out爆发
break up粉碎；结束；解散；拆散；分手
break through取得突破；克服
用break短语的正确形式填空
(1)The scientist broke through in his research and he clapped his hands，breaking into a smile.
(2)A terrible quarrel broke out between the guy and his parents and nothing could break down his
inner anger，so the guy stormed out of the house，determining on breaking away from his
family.
(3)The instant the singer finished singing a famous song，all the audience rose to their feet and
broke into thunderous applause.
(4)Shocked and concerned，I learnt that they broke up，wondering whether they could becomefriends again.
(5)We arrived home early only to find a thief trying to break in.
独立主格结构 These are among the 669 children，most of them Jewish，that Nicholas
Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们
是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
·独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
·独立主格结构的常用形式：n./pron.＋v.-ing/v.-ed/to do/adj./adv./n./prep.
(1)(读后续写之心理描写)我紧张地看着爸爸，双腿颤抖着，心狂跳着。
I looked at my father nervously，my legs trembling and my heart beating wildly.
(2)(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作)学生国画作品展上展览了许多好作品，我坚信每个人都会
因为这次活动对中国传统文化有更深的理解。
Many wonderful works shown/exhibited on the Students’ Chinese Painting Exhibition，I firmly
believe that everyone will have a deeper understanding of traditional Chinese culture through this
event.
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写) 期末考试不及格，小女孩慢腾腾地走进客厅，羞愧得满脸通红。
Having failed in the end-of-term examination，the little girl dragged her feet into the sitting
room，her face red with extreme shame.
(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)With the writing contest over，I almost forgot it，not caring
about whether I would win or not.
＝The writing contest over，I almost forgot it，not caring about whether I would win or not.(用独
立主格结构改写)
on/upon doing... On leaving school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.
一毕业，温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。
on/upon＋n./doing sth表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(1)In reality，on his arrival(arrive) in Paris，he was caught by some policemen at once.
(2)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助
他。
Upon/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty，John was immediately committed to
helping him by making popcorn.
(3)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我的头一从大南瓜里被拔出来，我就松了一口气。
①The instant/The moment/As soon as my head had been pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed
in relief.
②Hardly/Scarcely had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin when I sighed in relief.(倒装
句)用法点拨 (1)表示“一……就……”的还有：the moment/the instant/the minute＋从句，
immediately/instantly/directly/once＋从句，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等。
(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过
去时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．take in
(1)This is the total cost of your trip，taking everything in. E
(2)To be frank，she just can’t take in what the teacher is saying. C
(3)My heart sank when I knew the old lady was homeless，so I took her in. B
(4)Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. D
(5)Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. A
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)She has a fund of knowledge about modern jazz and therefore you can turn to her for help.n.
(相当的)数量，储备
(2)No one can deny the fact that tourism is the fountain of wealth for the city.n.基础
(3)This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.n.稿件，作品
(4)(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were
previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.vt.提供，给予
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．You can’t imagine it was the beggar who came up with the good idea to ensure your safety!
2．They rushed out with concern instantly(instant) they heard the shout for help.
3．The millionaire decided to set up an foundation to help those in trouble out.
4．With the aid of the kind neighbour，we resolved the problem at last.
5．To be frank，I didn’t know the specific steps in the treatment(treat) for burns and so anxious
was I that tears welled up in my eyes.
6. Apart from snakes，fish is also a cold-blooded animal and is quite sensitive to water
temperature.
7．Our English teacher telling(tell) us useful learning strategies，we have greatly improved our
grades.
8．A shortage(short) of time caused my failure，which made me quite annoyed.
9．What let me down was that he didn’t put forward any effective(effect) measures.10．Much to my relief(relieve)，he didn’t find fault with me any longer.
假设你是李华，上周末去学校周边某社区参加了志愿者活动。请给你校官网英文专栏写
一篇报道，要点包括：1.活动概况；2.感悟与收获。
完成句子
1．上周末，我们去学校附近的一个社区做了一些志愿者工作，这对整个社区产生了很大的
影响。(make a difference；定语从句)
2．早上一到那里，我们就受到了大家的热烈欢迎。(upon doing)
3．我们中的一些人去了社区养老院，那些主修音乐的学生给老人们唱了优美的歌曲。
(major in；定语从句)
4．老人们是如此高兴，他们笑了起来。(break into a smile；倒装句)
5．街道被打扫干净，垃圾被收集起来，整个社区焕然一新。(独立主格)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Many Hands Make Light Work
Last weekend we went to a community near our school to do some volunteer work，which
made a great difference to the whole community.
Upon getting there in the morning，we were warmly welcomed by everybody.Soon we got
down to work.Some of us went to the community nursing home and those who major in music sang
sweet songs to the elderly.So delighted were the elderly that they broke into a smile.The others
joined the locals to clean up the community.After about one hour，the streets cleaned and rubbish
collected，the whole community took on a new look.
The activity did not last long，but we learned a lot.By joining our hands，we can achieve big
things and make the world a better place.教材语料整合
[情感描写] relief；break into a smile；sensitive
亮词 [动作描写] rise to one’s feet；extend；assistance；aid；obtain
[人物描写] generous；hesitate；insight；perseverance
1.He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome
him.They sang and danced happily.(情感描写)
2．At first Ryan was nervous，but soon a great warmth filled him.He really had
美句
made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile.(情感描写)
3．Their heartbroken parents do not join them.Indeed，they fear they may never
see their children again.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：惊讶(一)
open-mouthed adj.惊愕得张大嘴的；目瞪口呆的 surprise/amaze/astonish vt.使吃
惊，使惊讶→surprised/amazed/astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的
单词 →surprising/amazing/astonishing adj.令人吃惊的→surprise/amazement/astonishment
n．惊讶 shock vt.使震惊 n．震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊
的
much to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人很震惊/吃惊/惊讶/惊
奇的是 in disbelief难以置信地 come as a shock to sb让某人震惊 a look of
surprise spreads over/flashes across one’s face 脸上出现/掠过惊讶的表情 have a
词块
look of surprise on one’s face 某人脸上露出惊讶的表情 eyes widen in
surprise/astonishment惊讶地睁大眼睛 stare/look at sb with wide eyes目瞪口呆地看
着某人 one’s mouth drops/hangs open in surprise 惊讶地张大嘴
It gave me a shock when I realized...当我意识到……，我感到震惊。
He froze，his mouth hanging open in surprise.(独立主格)他僵住了，惊讶地张着
嘴。
I jumped to my feet in disbelief and stepped back in no time.
我难以置信地跳了起来，立刻后退了一步。
I froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground.(状语从句的省略)
句型 我震惊得僵住了，仿佛在地上扎了根。
I got first prize in the writing competition，with a spark of surprise flashing across
my face.(with的复合结构)我在写作比赛中得了第一名，脸上闪过一丝惊喜。
Staring at him with wide eyes，I hardly believed what he had done.(现在分词短语作
状语)
我目瞪口呆地看着他，简直不敢相信他所做的一切。
Astonished and excited，I got praise in front of my classmates.(形容词短语作状语)我既惊讶又兴奋，在同学面前得到了表扬。
语料运用 乐于助人
Much to people’s shock，a tornado occurred in a small town nearby.At the bad news，Mary
froze with shock，①as if rooted to the ground(状语从句的省略)．Mary shared the news with her
children，and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate.To her
relief，all the children didn’t hesitate to donate something and her mouth ②hung open in
surprise.Anne’s brother saw Anne place her favorite toy in the box，③with a spark of surprise
flashing across his face(with的复合结构)．④Staring at her with wide eyes(现在分词短语作状
语)，he then rose to his feet，went back to his room and ran back with his favorite toy to the
living room.⑤Astonished and excited(形容词短语作状语)，Mary saw what her children were
doing in disbelief.Mary ⑥broke into a smile，thinking，“⑦How generous my children are(感
叹句)！They are willing to go to others’ assistance.”
令人震惊的是，附近的一个小镇发生了龙卷风。听到这个坏消息，玛丽吓得僵住了，好
像在地上扎了根似的。玛丽把这个消息告诉了她的孩子们，并问他们是否愿意与那些不幸的
人分享他们的东西。令她欣慰的是，所有的孩子都毫不犹豫地捐了一些东西，她惊讶得张大
了嘴巴。安妮的哥哥见安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放进盒子里，脸上闪过一丝惊讶。他睁大眼睛
盯着她，随后站起身来，回到自己的房间，拿着他最喜欢的玩具跑回客厅。看到她的孩子们
在做什么，玛丽又惊又喜，简直不敢相信。玛丽突然笑了起来，心想：“我的孩子们多慷慨
啊！他们愿意去帮助别人。”
高考题型组合练 14
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
(2024·山东济南期末)
As the world has changed，so has education.Since 2018，Nelly Cheboi and her nonprofit
TechLit Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya，helping students
join the digital world，and unlock their potential.With its own software programs，curriculum(课
程) and teacher training programs，this nonprofit hopes to change Africa.
In 2012，Cheboi received a scholarship to College in Illinois that changed her life.She grew
up in poverty in rural Kenya，watching her mother struggle to support her family alone.Cheboihad no experience with computers before moving to the US to study.She handwrote papers and then
struggled to type them out on a laptop computer.Somehow she fell in love with computer science
and began a career in the field.But she did not lose sight of her origins.“As an undergraduate，I
invested all of my income from various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya，” she
said on the TechLit Africa website.But soon she wanted to do more for it and that is how TechLit
Africa began.
Cheboi recalled how her background helped her understand how important technological
knowledge could be for children living in poverty.She built a school with the idea of bringing
computer science as part of kids’ curriculum growing up.But she found that it was going to be
really hard to impact as many people as possible，because it was so hard to fund raise.Then in
order to reach more students ， she introduced computer training to existing schools.Cheboi
physically dragged over 40 recycled computers that had been donated to them by various tech
companies to Kenya in suitcases.
Now，since the nonprofit has grown，it works with various companies that help them clean
the donated computers of data and send them to Africa.TechLit Africa runs its own curriculum with
its own software programs in 10 Kenyan schools，and the hope is to increase to 100 throughout
Africa by next year.The students love learning about computers，and in turn are gaining skills that
will help them make use of their talents into a way out of poverty.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Nelly Cheboi和她的非营利组织TechLit Africa一
直在将计算机技术带入肯尼亚的学校，让贫困的学生有机会接触数字技术。
1．What has Cheboi been doing since 2018?
A．Boosting her science career.
B．Promoting digital education.
C．Starting a scholarship program.
D．Updating the computer courses.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since 2018，Nelly Cheboi and her nonprofit TechLit
Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya，helping students join the
digital world，and unlock their potential.”可知，Cheboi自2018年以来一直在推动数字教育。
故选B。
2．What inspired Cheboi to set up TechLit Africa?
A．Her love for computer science.
B．Her desire to help her hometown.
C．Her dream of supporting her family.
D．Her childhood experience in the US.
答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘As an undergraduate，I invested all of my income
from various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya，’ she said on the TechLit Africa
website.But soon she wanted to do more for it and that is how TechLit Africa began.”可推知，她
想帮助家乡的愿望激励了她建立TechLit Africa。故选B。
3．What do we know about Cheboi from paragraph 3?
A．She hopes to help more kids.
B．She plans to build new schools.
C．She seeks to develop new courses.
D．She calls for donations of computers.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But she found that it was going to be really hard to
impact as many people as possible...Then in order to reach more students ，she introduced
computer training to existing schools.”可知，Cheboi希望帮助更多的孩子。故选A。
4．Which of the following can best describe Cheboi?
A．Sensitive. B．Considerate.
C．Devoted. D．Cooperative.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As an undergraduate，I invested all of my income from
various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya”及第三段中的“Cheboi physically
dragged over 40 recycled computers that had been donated to them by various tech companies to
Kenya in suitcases.”可知，Cheboi将自己的全部收入捐给家乡，并且自己将捐赠的电脑运回
肯尼亚。由此推知，Cheboi是一个很有奉献精神的人。故选C。
B
If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a
solution to a problem you had been struggling with ，it may not be a surprise.Rather than
constantly concentrating on a problem，research from the last 15 years suggests that people may
be more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t
require much thought.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting ， novel ideas at
unexpected times，” says Kalina Christoff，a scientist at the University of British Columbia in
Vancouver，“because our culture tells us that we should do it through hard work.”
Now researchers begin to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive
activities and what’s happening in the brain.They have found that the key is a series of brain
activities—within what’s called the default mode(DM) network—that occur while an individual
is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
“Simply put，it is a state that your brain returns to when you’re relaxed，” explainsChristoff.“By contrast，when you’re working on a demanding task，the brain’s executive
control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，analytical，and logical.”
Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation，
drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world.When your mind wanders ，
you’re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind，which helps you combine information
and ideas in new ways and something clicks.
“A cautionary note：While the DM network plays a key role in the creative process，it is
the EC systems that help you to evaluate and apply the creative ideas effectively to your problems
in the real world，” Christoff says.“So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that
creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind
wandering.Instead，you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in
the first place.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创意经常会在放松状态下出现的心理机制。
5．What is the most unlikely function of the EC systems?
A．To start your thinking process.
B．To help you analyze.
C．To let you get novel ideas.
D．To keep you focused.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第四段中的“By contrast，when you’re working
on a demanding task，the brain’s executive control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，
analytical，and logical.”可知，EC系统主导的是有意识的思维活动而不是无意识的创意思维
活动，能让你开始思维过程，帮助你分析，使你集中注意力，不能让你获得新的想法。故选
C。
6．What does the underlined part “something clicks” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．A clever idea occurs.
B．Something drops down.
C．A memory disappears.
D．A funny thought happens.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。根据画线句所在段“Researchers find that the DM network is also involved
in the early stages of idea generation，...which helps you combine information and ideas in new
ways and something clicks.”可推断，something clicks与idea generation所表达的意思相近，
即当走神时，想法在我们的脑海中嬉戏，有助于我们以新的方式将信息和想法结合起来，这
样一个聪明的想法就产生了。故选A。
7．What is Kalina Christoff’s attitude to the culture of hard work?A．Disapproving. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery
that creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind
wandering.Instead，you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in
the first place.’”可知，Kalina Christoff认为盲目相信在洗澡或其他任何形式的走神中都能
产生创意的发现是不明智的，还是要努力为创意的出现打好基础，因此推断她对努力工作这
一文化持正面态度。故选B。
8．Which statement might the author agree with?
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Where there is a will，there is a way.
C．Everything comes to him who waits.
D．All work and no break makes Jack a dull boy.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第一段可知，大脑机制决定了只有劳逸结合才能富有
创意。由此推知，作者可能会同意D项“只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻”的说法。故选
D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I recently attended a wedding in Canada，in the countryside.When the taxi driver sent us back
at midnight，I was 1 worried all the way home about tipping him since I was not rich.I 2
nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note，which I was keeping for a(n)
3 ，nothing else but two chocolates from the wedding.I couldn’t not tip him，so I was 4
between a rock and a hard place.I handed in the note at last，controlling the urge to ask for 5 .
Tipping has long been a source of 6 interactions throughout the world.Tipping customs
7 wildly from country to country，which generates no small amount of 8 .Norwegians，
who come from a culture where wages are high and tips are low，could 9 people in Las
Vegas with their tiny offerings. 10 ，high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo
because good service in Japan is a 11 of honour.
Such an embarrassed mess often occurs because there’s no 12 logic to any of
this.None! Similarly，a 2016 study from Cornell University 13 that people are twice as likely
to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker.Why is that？And nobody can
work out the reasons for this 14 .
Perhaps，tipping one and not the other only 15 in terms of what has become customary.
语篇解读 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己在加拿大坐车给司机小费的事为例子，引出了
文章主题：不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。1．A.helplessly B．curiously
C．secretly D．strangely
答案 C
解析 由下文“I handed in the note at last”可知，作者最终还是给了大额小费，推知在回来
的路上作者一直暗自忧心给司机小费的事。故选C。
2．A.selected B．fished
C．weighed D．calculated
答案 B
解析 由下文“nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note”可知，作者
紧张地在钱包里摸找，想找到钱。fish此处为熟词生义，意为“摸，找”。故选B。
3．A.emergency B．tip
C．award D．deal
答案 A
解析 emergency紧急情况；tip建议；award奖品；deal交易。由上文“all I had was a $100
note，which I was keeping for”可知，作者钱包里只有一张100美元的钞票，这是留着应付
紧急情况的。故选A。
4．A.buried B．lost
C．stuck D．locked
答案 C
解析 bury掩埋；lose丢失；stick陷入困境；lock锁。由上文“I couldn’t not tip him”可
知，作者钱包里只有应急的100美元，但作者又不能不给小费，所以作者陷入进退两难的境
地，be stuck between a rock and a hard place是固定搭配，意为“陷入进退两难的境地”。故
选C。
5．A.gratitude B．permission
C．help D．change
答案 D
解析 gratitude感谢；permission允许；help帮助；change找零。由空前“I handed in the
note at last，controlling the urge to ask for”和上文提到的作者并不富有可知，此处指作者控
制住了要求找零的冲动。故选D。
6．A.common B．awkward
C．necessary D．active
答案 B
解析 common共同的；awkward尴尬的；necessary有必要的；active积极的。由下一段的
“Such an embarrassed mess”可知，小费一直是世界各地尴尬互动的一个来源。故选B。
7．A.vary B．spreadC．grow D．work
答案 A
解析 由空后“wildly from country to country”以及下文所举的例子可知，不同国家的小费
习俗差异很大。故选A。
8．A.panic B．harm
C．bond D．confusion
答案 D
解析 panic 惊慌；harm 损害；bond 联系；confusion 混乱。由下一段的“Such an
embarrassed mess”可知，此处指不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。故选
D。
9．A.amuse B．astonish
C．annoy D．satisfy
答案 C
解析 amuse 使娱乐；astonish 使惊讶；annoy使恼怒；satisfy 使满意。由上文“tips are
low”和下文“people in Las Vegas with their tiny offerings”以及“high-tipping Americans”可
知，挪威人习惯低小费，所以他们提供的微不足道的小费可能会惹恼习惯高小费的美国拉斯
维加斯的人们。故选C。
10．A.Therefore B．Likewise
C．Otherwise D．Furthermore
答案 B
解析 therefore因此；likewise同样地；otherwise否则；furthermore此外。分析语境可知，
上下文都在举例说明不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱，所以此处表示“同
样地”。故选B。
11．A.matter B．choice
C．way D．trick
答案 A
解析 matter 事情，问题；choice选择；way方法；trick 诡计。由上文“good service in
Japan”和下文“of honour”可推知，此处指在日本，良好的服务是一个荣誉问题。a matter
of为固定搭配，意为“……的问题”。故选A。
12．A.official B．convenient
C．practical D．consistent
答案 D
解析 official 官方的；convenient 方便的；practical 实用的；consistent 一致的。由上文
“Such an embarrassed mess often occurs”再结合上一段的小费差异的例子可知，这种尴尬的
混乱经常发生是因为各个国家之间没有一致的逻辑。故选D。13．A.found B．ensured
C．confirmed D．witnessed
答案 A
解析 find发现；ensure确保；confirm确认；witness见证。由下文“that people are twice as
likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker”可知，以下是研究
的发现。故选A。
14．A.assumption B．concept
C．difference D．accident
答案 C
解析 assumption假设；concept概念；difference差异；accident事故。由上文“people are
twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker”可知，人们
给超市送货员小费的可能性是给超市店员的两倍，这是一种差异。故选C。
15．A.pays off B．takes place
C．takes effect D．makes sense
答案 D
解析 pay off 得以回报；take place 发生；take effect 生效；make sense 讲得通。由上文
“And nobody can work out the reasons”和下文“in terms of what has become customary”可
知，没有人知道为什么存在小费差异，或许唯一一个讲得通的解释是：给谁小费取决于习惯。
故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·浙江杭州期中)
“Painting is just another way of keeping a diary，” said Spanish artist Pablo Picasso.Wu
Liren has been maintaining such a “diary” of the Grand Canal 1. 1978.
The 65-year-old painter from Hangzhou City，Zhejiang Province，has been using ink and
brush for more than 40 years 2. (record) the beauty of the arterial(干线的)
waterway，the hospitality of local residents and the richness of culture 3. flows all
the way.
Wu says memories and emotions run deep in his paintings，and these are far 4. (important)
than any technical perfection.“My art has always been about the Grand Canal.Sometimes I paint
what I 5. (see) in the past and sometimes I reproduce what I heard about people who
lived by the canal，” he says.
Wu believes the Grand Canal is often compared with the West Lake，one of the most famous
scenic 6. (attraction) in Hangzhou.“The West Lake is seen as a beautiful treasure that
needs to be cared for.But the Grand Canal is like our mother，who has watched us grow up，earn
a living along her busy banks，leave her in search of a better future 7. return to her
embrace later on，” he says.Recently，Wu completed a 100-meter-long scroll(卷轴) painting of the canal’s Tangxi-
Xixing stretch in Hangzhou.“I have actually painted the entire Grand Canal in
Hangzhou,8.________(borrow) historical anecdotes from every dynasty ， ” Wu
9.________(proud) says.“The story of the canal needs to be told and the culture it represents must
10._______(pass) down.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。杭州的一位画家吴理人用绘画的方式捕捉大运河的美丽并记
录了与其相关的历史故事。
1．答案 since
解析 考查介词。因为主句的时态是现在完成进行时，所以此处用“since＋过去的一个时
间点”作时间状语。故填since。
2．答案 to record
解析 考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth意为“用某物做某事”。此处的动词不定式作目的
状语。故填to record。
3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行
词是culture，指物，所以此处用关系代词 that或 which。故填that/which。
4．答案 more important
解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的修饰词 far和空后的than可知，此处应填形容词的
比较级。故填more important。
5．答案 saw
解析 考查时态。根据时间状语in the past及句意可知，此处用所给动词的过去式。故填
saw。
6．答案 attractions
解析 考查名词复数。attraction在此处意为“游览胜地”，是可数名词，又因为空前有one
of the most famous 修饰，所以此处用复数形式。故填attractions。
7．答案 and
解析 考查连词。根据句意可知，空处前后的动词短语为语义上顺承的并列关系，所以此处
用并列连词 and。故填and。
8．答案 borrowing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处用非谓语动词。逻辑主语I与动词borrow
之间存在主谓关系，所以此处用borrow的现在分词形式作状语。故填borrowing。
9．答案 proudly
解析 考查副词。此处用副词修饰谓语动词says，作状语。故填proudly。
10．答案 be passed
解析 考查被动语态。根据句意可知，主语the culture与动词短语pass down之间为被动关系，所以此处用被动语态，又因为空前有情态动词must，be 动词用原形。故填be passed。
