文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．agony n．痛楚，苦难
2．core adj.核心的(课程、团体等)
3．tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的
4．web n．蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
5．weave v．编，织
6．deceive v．欺骗
7．justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
8．apart adv.分离，分开
9．fence n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．steam n．蒸汽，水蒸气
2．loose adj.说话随便(轻率)的
3．lip n．(嘴)唇
4．sink v．使(船)沉没
5．fault n．责任，过错
6．resolve v．解决(问题、困难)；决定 n．决心；信念
7．strategy n．计谋，策略；行动计划
8．signal n．信号；暗号
9．duty n．职责，义务；责任
10．ensure v．确保，保证
11．boxing n．拳击(运动)
12．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
13．tear n．眼泪，泪水
14．latter n．后者
15．moreover adv.此外，而且Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．breath n．一口气→breathe v．呼吸→breathless adj.(使)气喘吁吁的；(使人)目瞪口呆的
2．concern n．忧虑，担心→concerned adj.担心的；关切的→concerning prep.关于
3．annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气→annoying adj.令人恼怒的
→annoyance n．恼怒
4．adjust v．适应，(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整，
调节；适应
5．accident n．意外事件，偶然因素→accidental adj.偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
6．complexity n．复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
7．forgive v．原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕
8．criticise v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评
9．embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的；
令人窘迫的
10．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→independently adv.独立地；自立地
→depend vi.依靠→dependence n．依赖
1．potent /'pəʊtnt/ adj.强大的；强有力的；有强效的
2．casting /'kɑːstIŋ/ n．角色分配；演员挑选；铸造品
3．idleness /'aIdlnəs/ n．闲散状态→idle /'aIdl/ adj.闲散的 vt.& vi.混时间；闲荡
4．disheartening /dIs'hɑːtnIŋ/ adj.令人沮丧的
5．prop /prɒp/ n．道具；支柱；支持者 vt.支撑
6．biased /'baIəst/ adj.有偏见的；倾向性的；片面的→bias /'baIəs/ n．偏见；偏心；偏爱 vt.
使怀有偏见；使偏心
7．seminar /'semInɑː(r)/ n．专题讨论会；研讨会
8．stem /stem/ vt.阻止；封堵；遏止 n．(花草的)茎；(花或叶的)梗
stem from sth是……的结果；起源于
9．manifest /'mænIfest/ vt.显现；使人注意到；表明 adj.明显的；显而易见的
10．confess /kən'fes/ vi.& vt.承认；坦白；供认
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．help out帮一把
2．let down使失望，辜负
3．let off steam发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
4．loose lips sink ships祸从口出
5．take a breath吸一口气
6．pull one’s weight做好分内事，尽责7．by accident偶然，意外地
8．be crazy about...对……着迷，热衷于……
9．be angry with sb生某人的气
10．be sure to do一定
11．apologise to...向……道歉
12．move on前进；离开
13．calm down冷静下来
14．look down on/upon看不起，轻视
15．tell a lie 说谎
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Embarrassed and ashamed，I can’t concentrate on anything.(形容词短语作状语)
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。
2．Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(whatever引导宾语从句)
满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。
3．It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligence quotient) in
people’s lives.(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
人们认为，在生活中，情商比智商扮演着更重要的角色。
4．We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like.
(doing的复合结构)
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。
5．One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.(The reason
for...is to do)
说善意谎言的主要原因之一是为了让别人感觉好一点。
6．Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.(every time
引导时间状语从句)
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．agony n．痛楚，苦难
2．core adj. 核心的 ( 课程、团体等 )
3．web n．蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
4．deceive v．欺骗
5．justify v． 证明 ( 别人认为不合理的事 ) 有道理；为 …… 辩护
6．apart adv.分离，分开7．fence n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共8分)
1．sink v．使(船)沉没
2．fault n．责任，过错
3．resolve v．解决(问题、困难)；决定 n．决心；信念
4．signal n．信号；暗号
5．duty n．职责，义务；责任
6．ensure v．确保，保证
7．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
8．latter n．后者
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
1．accident n．意外事件，偶然因素→accidental adj.偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
2．complexity n．复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
3．forgive v．原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕
4．criticise v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评
5．embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的；
令人窘迫的
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．potent adj.强大的；强有力的；有强效的
2．idleness n．闲散状态
3．disheartening adj.令人沮丧的
4．seminar n．专题讨论会；研讨会
5．confess vi.& vt.承认；坦白；供认
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．be_angry_with_sb 生某人的气
2．apologise to 向……道歉
3．move on 前进；离开
4．tell a lie 说谎
5．look down on/upon 看不起，轻视
6．be crazy about 对……着迷，热衷于
7．calm down 冷静下来
8．be sure to do 一定
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．He takes a deep breath and breathes in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe)2．My partner’s annoying behavior annoyed me so much that my voice trembled with extreme
annoyance.(annoy)
3．The chair is adjustable and you can adjust it to your height.The adjustment is not difficult to
make.(adjust)
4．Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents，because our independence shows
that we’ve grown up；but when meeting with difficulties，we’ll have to depend on our
parents.(depend)
5．Mother is always concerned about me.However，I wasn’t aware of her concern when I was
a kid.(concern)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)
1．When I was in a bad mood，I would go for a run to let off steam.
2．It was by accident that I found my missing ring in my garden.
3．He went onto the stage with his legs trembling，took a breath and began his speech.
4．In my opinion，pulling our weight is not only a good quality but our duty.
5．He is always willing to help out whenever I am in trouble，for which I appreciate greatly.
6．There is nothing worse than to be let down by people who have not kept their promises.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)
1．对我给的小礼物感到满意，他表达了对我的感激之情。(形容词短语作状语)
Pleased with my little gift，he expressed his gratitude to me.
2．缺乏决心使他失去了赢得这场对他具有重大意义的比赛的机会。(doing的复合结构)
Lack of resolve led to him losing the chance to win the match that meant much to him.
3．(应用文写作之申请信)我申请这个职位的主要原因之一是向更多的外国人传播中国文化。
(The reason for...is to do...)
One of the main reasons for my applying for the post is to spread Chinese culture to more
foreigners.
4．我喜欢下班后和朋友一块在外面吃饭，想吃什么就吃什么。(whatever引导宾语从句)
I love to eat out with my friends after work and eat whatever I want.
5．我们相信，通过我们的共同努力，我们会创造一个更美丽的世界。(It＋be＋过去分词＋
that...)
It is believed that with our joint efforts we can create a more beautiful world.
To be frank，what let Ted down was 1.that John sometimes told a lie to him and even
let off steam.2.Concerned(concern) about John，Ted thought it was his duty 3.to help(help)
John out to become a 4.better(good) person，so he pointed out John’s shortcomings.To Ted’s
5.disappointment(disappoint)，John misunderstood that Ted was finding fault with him,6.whichmade him annoyed.Much to Ted’s agony，John no longer talked with him.It seemed as if their
friendship would fall apart and Ted’s heart 7.sank(sink) ． Resolving to repair their
relationship，Ted apologised to John and adjusted his strategy.Moreover，he expressed his
opinions more politely instead of criticising him 8.directly(direct) ． John took a deep
breath,9.ensuring(ensure) that he would never lie.10.With tears in eyes，They forgave each
other and the two became closer than before.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
breath n．呼出的气；呼吸，气息 [breathe v．呼吸 breathless adj.(使)气喘吁吁的]
·hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
take a breath吸一口气
out of breath上气不接下气
take sb’s breath away令某人惊叹
·breathe in/out吸/呼气
(1)(读后续写之情绪描写)一只凶猛的狼向我走来，我屏住呼吸，大脑快速运转，思考着如何
把它吓跑。
A fierce wolf approaching me，I held my breath，my brain raced and I pondered how to frighten
it away.
(2)我吸了一口气，决定继续爬山。当我到达山顶时，我上气不接下气。虽然我又累又饿，
但周围奇妙的景色让我惊叹不已，我激动地大叫起来。
I took a breath and resolved to continue climbing the mountain.When I reached the top，I was
breathless/out of breath.Though I was exhausted and hungry，the fantastic surrounding scenery
took my breath away and I cried in excitement.
concern n．担心；忧虑；关心；(利害)关系 vt.涉及；与……有关；使担忧 (concerned
adj.焦急的，担忧的；担心的 concerning prep.关于)
·show/express concern for/about对……表示关心
·as far as...be concerned就……而言
be concerned about/for对……担心/关心
be concerned with关心；关于
(1)(应用文写作之慰问信) 听说你病了，我们很担心你。
Hearing that you have been ill，we show/express concern/are concerned about/for you.
(2)(2020·天津，书面表达)我写信告诉你我们学校举行的成人礼的相关事宜。在我看来，它使我们意识到了作为成年人我们所肩负的责任。
I am writing to tell you something concerning/(that was) concerned with the coming-of-age
ceremony held in our school.As far as I am concerned，it makes us aware of the duty we are
shouldering as adults.
annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的(annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气 annoying adj.使人生气的；令
人气恼的 annoyance n．恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事)
·be annoyed with sb生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth对某事生气
be annoyed to do sth因做某事而恼怒
be annoyed that...对……感到生气
·to one’s annoyance 使某人生气的
是
(1)My mother began to get annoyed(annoy) with me about my letting off steam.
(2)(读后续写片段描写)由于他令人讨厌的餐桌礼仪，我很恼他。他满嘴食物就大声说话使我
很恼火。此外，令我气恼的是，他用筷子指着别人。最后，我很烦和他一起吃饭，所以我很
生气地很早就离开了。
I was annoyed with him about/at his annoying table manners.I was annoyed that he talked loudly
with his mouth full of food.Moreover ， to my annoyance ， he pointed at others with his
chopsticks.Finally，I was annoyed to have dinner together with him，so I left early in anger.
adjust v．调整；调节；适应；(使)习惯 (adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 adjustable
adj.可调节的；可调整的)
·adjust...to (doing)...调整……以适应(做)……
adjust oneself to...使自己适应……
adjust to (doing) sth适应(做)某事
·make an adjustment/adjustments to...对……作出调整
(1)To be frank，I like this adjustable(adjust)bicycle very much and I can’t thank you enough.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我写信向您寻求一些关于如何适应新环境的建议。
I am writing to ask you for some advice on how to adjust (myself) to the new surroundings.
(3)(应用文写作之道歉信)由于我没有及时调整相关的信息，给您带来了极大的不便，我写信
向您道歉。
I am writing to apologise to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time/my not
making adjustments to the relevant information in time，causing great inconvenience to you.
every time 引导时间状语从句 Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be
served every time you visit.也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
·every time相当于each time，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每
次……的时候”。
·常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语还有：the first time第一次……时，(the) next time 下
次……时，any time任何时候，(the) last time上次……时。
·for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。
(1)(话题写作之人物介绍)每次我陷入困境向他求助时，他都尽其所能帮助我。
Every/Each time I get into trouble and turn to him，he will do everything in his power to help me
out.
(2)坦白说，学生们第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就对她的课感兴趣。
To be frank，students became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the first time they
attended her class/when they attended her class for the first time.
(3)下次你来看我时，一定要提前给我打电话，以便我可以做一些必要的安排。
The next time you visit me，you must call me ahead of schedule so that I can make some
necessary arrangements.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．tear
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to
be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. B
(2)(2020·全国Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding
the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears. C
(3)A muscle tear will leave a scar after healing. A
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)He spotted her steaming down the corridor towards him.vi.快速行走；疾行
(2)He signalled his discontent by refusing to vote.vt.表达，表示
(3)Her heart sank as the list ended without her name.vi.消沉，低落
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Criticised(criticise) by his teacher，the boy finally realized he should have taken these
suggestions into account.
2．As far as we are concerned(concern)，sustainable development is of great significance in the
world today.3．He constantly finds fault with me，which affects my mood very much.
4．Whenever you are faced with severe challenges，turn to me without hesitation.I can help you
out.
5．When she got into the room，it took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.
6．What let me down was that he leaked our shared secret.
7．He resolved to launch(launch) a campaign to call on those around him to live a low-carbon
life.
8．I was concerned about whether he could forgive me for my mistake.
9．During his lecture，he signaled to us to switch(switch) our smartphones on a silent mode.
10．Frankly(frank) speaking，I didn’t plan to ask for your permission.
作为高三学生的你，肯定在适应高中生活和人际交往方面颇有心得，请你写一篇英语演
讲稿，和高一的学弟学妹们谈一谈如何快速适应高中生活以及如何处理好人际关系。
完成句子
1．我很荣幸能站在这里给大家做一个关于如何适应高中生活和与他人相处的演讲。(adjust)
2．每当你遇到学习困难时，你最好向你的老师或朋友寻求帮助。(every time)
3．你应该在课余时间积极参加课外活动，这将帮助你减轻压力，开阔视野。(help sb to do；
定语从句)
4．当重要考试临近时，你可以深呼吸，尽量保持冷静。(breath)
5．我们必须尊重、关心和同情他人，毫不犹豫地向需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。(concern)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Good afternoon，everyone!
It is my privilege to stand here to give you a speech on how to adjust to high school life and
get along well with others.To begin with，every time you meet with learning difficulties，you’d better turn to your
teachers or friends for help.Furthermore，you should actively take part in after-class activities in
your spare time，which will help you to reduce pressure and broaden your horizons.In addition，
when an important examination is approaching，you can take a deep breath，trying to keep
calm.Most importantly，we must show respect ，concern and sympathy for others ，never
hesitating to lend a hand to those in need.
All in all，I hope all of you can enjoy high school life and make something of your education.
Thanks for your listening.
教材语料整合
[情感描写] agony；let down；let off steam；sink；concern；annoyed；
embarrassment；tangled；tear
亮词 [动作描写] help out；take a breath；resolve；adjust；forgive；criticise；
deceive
[人物描写] loose；frank；independent
1.I’m crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I
was so mad when we lost our last match.(心理描写)
2.Disappointed by his behaviour，I said all this to my best friend.I was just letting
美句 off steam really，because I was so angry，but then my friend went and told
everyone else what I’d said.(矛盾冲突)
3.Embarrassed and ashamed，I can’t concentrate on anything.(心理描写)
4.Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(心理描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧
单 awkward adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的→awkwardness n．尴尬；难堪 ashamed
词 adj.感到羞愧，感到羞耻→shame n．羞愧，羞耻
burn/blush/flush/be flushed with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/发红
blood rushes to/colour floods one’s face 脸通红 in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种
词 尴尬的声音/语气 hear the embarrassment in one’s voice 听到某人声音中的尴尬
块 give an embarrassed cough尴尬地咳了一声 hang/drop/lower/bow one’s head in
shame/embarrassment 羞愧/尴尬地低头 an awkward/embarrassed
silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿
So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears.(倒装句)她感到非常羞愧，几乎要
句 哭了。
型 Feeling embarrassed，she could feel the blood rushing to her face.(现在分词短语作状
语)她感到非常尴尬，甚至能感觉到鲜血正涌到脸上。
She felt ashamed of her foolish behavior，with her face burning with shame.(with的复
合结构)
她为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，脸都羞愧得发烫。
All the air seemed to disappear and she felt as if the whole world was watching her.(夸
张句)
所有的空气似乎都消失了，她觉得仿佛整个世界都在看着她。
He lowered his head，hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide his inner
embarrassment.(现在分词短语作状语)他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，不知道如何掩饰
内心的尴尬。
语料运用 尴尬瞬间
Ryan got on the bus hurriedly，tripped over someone’s foot and fell flat onto the floor！All
the air seemed to disappear and ①he felt as if the whole world was watching him(夸张句)．What
made him more annoyed was that everyone on the bus laughed at him crazily instead of helping
him out.②Having taken a deep breath(现在分词短语作状语)，Ryan struggled to his feet，dusted
his jacket and headed for an empty seat，③with his face burning with embarrassment(with复合
结构)．He gave an embarrassed cough and murmured in an embarrassed tone，“It’s just an
accident.” He moved his lips and lowered his head，④ wondering how to hide his inner
embarrassment(现在分词短语作状语)．⑤So ashamed did he feel that he was close to tears(倒装
句)，his shoulders trembling.
瑞安匆忙上了公共汽车，被别人的脚绊住了，摔倒在地！所有的空气似乎都消失了，他
觉得好像全世界都在看着他。更让他恼火的是，车上的每个人都疯狂地嘲笑他，而不是帮助
他。瑞安深吸一口气，挣扎着站起来，掸掉夹克上的灰尘，走向一个空座位，他的脸因尴尬
而发烫。他不好意思地咳了一声，用尴尬的语气喃喃地说：“这只是偶然而已。”他翕动着
嘴唇，低下了头，不知如何掩饰内心的尴尬。他羞愧得几乎要哭出来了，肩膀都在颤抖。
高考题型组合练 13
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
Paul O’Sullivan walked around his apartment in the US city of Baltimore one evening in
2014，feeling bored.Just for fun，he decided to try to find out how many other people on
Facebook shared his name.Moments later，dozens of Paul O’Sullivans filled his screen and he
sent friend requests to them all.
As Baltimore Paul looked through the profiles of the Paul O’Sullivans who accepted hisinvitation ， he noticed something four of them had in common ： They were all
musicians.Baltimore Paul had an idea.He asked the other three musical Pauls if they’d like to
form a band called The Paul O’Sullivans.They all agreed.
Starting a band across multiple time zones proved to be nettlesome.Fortunately，Manchester
Paul，a 59-year-old former professional musician knew how to fix that.They would create a kind
of musical assembly line including online sessions.
The Band released its first original song，“Namesake”，in March 2016.But just months
after the song’s release，Baltimore Paul began experiencing health issues that forced him to take
time off from making music.The other Pauls also decided to take a break from the band.But they
didn’t press pause on their friendship.Instead，they made sure Baltimore Paul never felt alone，
even with the long distances between them.They shared family pictures and chatted online.
Finally，after a four-year break，Baltimore Paul was well enough to start making music
again.The first thing the band did was create a music video for “Namesake”，which has now
been watched on YouTube more than 50,000 times.
“It has been a lovely journey that has lasted seven years so far.A four-stop international tour
—one concert in each of our hometowns—would be great，” says Baltimore Paul.
“What are the odds，” he says，“that a random Facebook request would lead not only to
new music but to lasting friendships as well？” “Some things are just meant to be.”
语篇解读 本文为记叙文，讲述了四位名为Paul O’Sullivan的音乐家一起组建乐队，建立
友谊的故事。
1．What inspired Baltimore Paul to form a band?
A．His enthusiasm for music.
B．His dream of having an international tour.
C．Four Paul O’Sullivans all being musicians.
D．Friendship among the four Paul O’Sullivans.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“As Baltimore Paul looked through the profiles of the Paul
O’Sullivans who accepted his invitation，he noticed something four of them had in common：
They were all musicians.Baltimore Paul had an idea.”可知，他们都是音乐家，这是启发住在
巴尔的摩的Paul组建乐队的原因。故选C项。
2．What does the underlined word “nettlesome” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Easy. B．Disappointing.
C．Troublesome. D．Interesting.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Fortunately，Manchester Paul，a 59-year-old former
professional musician knew how to fix that.”可推知，画线词所在句表示“跨越多个时区组建一个乐队是很麻烦的，棘手的事情。”故选C项。
3．What can be learned from paragraph 4?
A．It never rains but it pours.
B．It’s never too late to mend.
C．One is never too old to learn.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Baltimore Paul began experiencing health issues...But
they didn’t press pause on their friendship.Instead，they made sure Baltimore Paul never felt
alone，even with the long distances between them.They shared family pictures and chatted
online.”可知，由于巴尔的摩的Paul出现了健康问题，他们的乐队被迫中止。但是他们的友
谊并没有暂停，为了不让他觉得孤独，他们分享了家庭照片并在网上聊天，这体现了“患难
见真情”，故选D项。
4．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To teach how to start a band.
B．To introduce a band united by a name.
C．To show how to make friends online.
D．To introduce a popular online service.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。本文主要讲述了住在巴尔的摩的 Paul一次偶然的好友申请将其与另外
三位与之同名的音乐家聚在一起组建乐队的故事。文章的目的就是介绍一个由名字团结起来
的乐队的故事。故选B项。
B(★)
We are all born social and company to live happy and fruitful life.Healthy and supportive
mutual relationships help reduce stress and promote the physical，mental and emotional well-
being by building skills like time management，assertiveness(坚定自信)，sociability and
empathy.
Making friends has made me feel secure.However，I have to be cautious to pick up friends
sharing similar tastes and values.In addition，having added to one’s circle of friends helps one
feel supported.
It is true that finding time to cultivate relationships is all about effective time management.My
busy uncle finds time to catch up with family and friends during his tea and lunch breaks.Similarly
my friend Somya uses her time on her way back home from work in her chauffeur-driven car to
catch up with people.The modern inventions of SMS and e-mail help send wishes for birthdays and
anniversaries to show your love and care.
Assertiveness is as much applicable to relationships.My friend Mohana emphasizes thatneither being a passive observer nor being aggressive helps relationships.It is assertiveness in our
relationships that opens the lines of effective communication.It emphasizes helping friends in need
and also strengthens mutually supportive relationships.
It is also true that assertiveness by intuition promotes discretion(自行决定权) of friends and
helps Lalitha distinguish positive people from drains of energy.She can easily figure this out by the
flow of the conversation，the way each feels understood，accepted and supported，and by how I
feel，happy，bored or energized in the relationship.It also helps to know whether all benefit from
each other’s positive aspects.
Handling stress in life is all about cultivating mutually supportive relationships and working
on them.Manisha always says she feels great when sharing her feelings after a hard day with people
who share similar ideas.Actually we all need someone who would not just hear us，but listen to
us，and we need to cultivate the art of listening and understanding people.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。如何构建相互支持的人际关系？本文就此提供了一些技巧：时
间管理、坚定自信、善于交际和共情。
5．How can a busy person develop their social relationships?
A．By inviting friends for dinner.
B．By making friends with strangers.
C．By working hard for high positions.
D．By getting together in the intervals of business.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“My busy uncle finds time...during his tea and lunch
breaks.Similarly my friend Somya uses her time on her way back home from work in her
chauffeur-driven car...”可知，忙碌的人通过利用间歇时间和朋友团聚，以此来维护社会关系，
故选D。
6．Which of the following helps build mutually supportive social relationships?
A．Being passive. B．Being assertive.
C．Being aggressive. D．Being relaxed.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Healthy and supportive mutual relationships help...by
building skills like...assertiveness(坚定自信)．..”和第四段中“It is assertiveness in our
relationships...strengthens mutually supportive relationships.”可知，自信有助于培养相互支持
的人际关系，故选B。
7．From the passage，who can positively get supportive social relationship?
A．Manisha. B．Mohana.
C．Lalitha. D．Somya.
答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Handling stress in life is all about cultivating mutually
supportive relationships and working on them.Manisha always says she feels great when sharing
her feelings after a hard day with people who share similar ideas.”可知，Manisha通过与他人分
享自己的心情来消除压力，以此能积极地获得支持性的社会关系，故选A。
8．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How should we handle our stress in life?
B．What is to be done for applicable relationships?
C．How can we pick up friends supporting us?
D．How people build mutually supportive social relationship?
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Healthy and supportive mutual relationships help reduce
stress and promote the，physical，mental and emotional well-being by building skills like time
management，assertiveness(坚定自信)，sociability and empathy.”可知，本文主要讲述了构建
相互支持的社会关系的一些技巧，包括时间管理、坚定自信、善于交际和共情。故选D。
C
For much of human history，ethical behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule：do to
others as you would have them do to you.But the rule is imperfect.What you want in a given
situation may not be what another person desires at all.
In the medical field，as health care becomes more individualized，the time seems right for a
new ethical guideline—the “platinum( 白 金 ) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max
Chochinov：do to others as they would want done to themselves.
Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year.He begins with a story
about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen.The care doctor，after seeing her twisted(扭曲的)
body，was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange
question：Did Ellen read magazines? “The question was frightening，” Chochinov writes，
because “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen...but rather a way to decide if hers was a
life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life，but the gap
between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want
in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule.“That’s when judging from where
you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained.
Time is a limited resource in the health-care system，and there’s no denying that getting to
know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours.Still，Chochinov
believes such investment is cost-effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.“When they
emotionally connect to their patients，they do a better job.”
In certain cases，doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule.But there is value in the
effort：at the very least，their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficientmodesty about the wisdom of their choices.
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章介绍了医学领域的“白金法则”，作者认为运用这种法则的
努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。
9．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field?
A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment.
B．To help doctors acquire accurate information.
C．To increase chances of survival for patients.
D．To make person-centered care accessible to patients.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In the medical field，as health care becomes more
individualized，the time seems right for a new ethical guideline”可推知，将“白金法则”引入
医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。故选D。
10．What can we learn from Ellen’s story?
A．A health crisis caused her disability.
B．The doctor was curious about her hobby.
C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs.
D．Her brother sang high praises for the treatment.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen...but rather a
way to decide if hers was a life worth saving”可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生并不太关
心她的需要。故选C。
11．Which statement might Chochinov agree with?
A．Health-care system needs investing.
B．Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding.
C．Trust between doctors and patients is important.
D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Still，Chochinov believes such investment is cost-
effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.”可推断，乔奇诺夫会赞同“花时间了解病人是
值得的”。故选B。
12．What is the author’s attitude towards the platinum rule?
A．Objective. B．Favorable.
C．Careful. D．Unclear.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为虽然医生运用“白金法则”会很辛苦，但是这种努力是值得的，因为这将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者
支持“白金法则”。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
STEM vs.STEAM
STEM is short for Science，Technology，Engineering and Mathematics.The term was coined
by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001.Since then，STEM-
focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States.However，
education is a constantly evolving game. 1 One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is
adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus，thus，creating the STEM vs.STEAM
debate.
The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. 2
Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create.Adding arts will take away
from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.
3 They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who
think creatively.Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their
motivation when it comes to STEM activities. 4 Furthermore，for kids who might be turned
off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers，highlighting the artistic component of
lessons can reach out and draw them in.
While they seem to be opposed，both sides of this argument may have the right idea. 5
Consider the growing field of computer animation，where you must have both artistic abilities and
strong technology fields.Also，the most basic of all children’s toys，wooden blocks，are an
incredible example of STEAM exploration.They bring design ，geometry，and engineering
concepts to our youngest learners，setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.
A．The STEAMers disagree.
B．Actually，science and arts are inseparable.
C．It consistently introduces new theories and practices.
D．Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.
E．Thus，good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.
F．It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.
G．They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论证了要不要在教育理念STEM中加入艺术成分
的问题。
1．答案 C
解析 根据空前的“However，education is a constantly evolving game.”以及空后的“One of
the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational
focus...”可知C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
2．答案 D解析 根据空前的“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core
STEM principles.”可知，D项“他们的想法是，他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”能承
接前文。故选D。
3．答案 A
解析 根据空后的“They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM
students who think creatively.”可知，STEAM理念的信仰者与上一段中的STEM的理念不同，
故A项“STEAM信仰者不同意。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
4．答案 F
解析 根据空前的“Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases
their motivation when it comes to STEM activities.”及空后的“Furthermore...”可知，本部分
在讲调动学生艺术力量的益处。F项“It also improves...”能承前启后，进一步说明调动学生
艺术力量的益处。故选F。
5．答案 B
解析 根据空后举的例子“Consider the growing field of computer animation，where you must
have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.”可知，B项“事实上，科学和艺术是不
可分割的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
