文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
2．athletics n．田径运动
3．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
4．vaccine n．疫苗
5．resilience n．恢复力，复原力，适应力
6．doping n．使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩)
7．clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体
8．gene n．基因
9．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地
10．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的
11．mammal n．哺乳动物
12．camel n．骆驼
13．cattle n．牛
14．goat n．山羊
15．primate n．灵长目动物
16．ape n．猿
17．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
18．clue n．线索，提示
19．provoke vt.激起，引起
20．ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的
21．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的
22．curse n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语
23．atom n．原子
24．organ n．器官
25．impulse n．(神经)冲动，(电)脉冲26．crossword n．纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏
27．intake n．摄入量，摄取量
28．omega n．欧米伽(希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω，ω)
29．epidemic n．传染病，流行病
30．virus n．病毒
31．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动
32．bacteria n．细菌
33．baseline n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线
34．parallel n．(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的
35．sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查
36．CE公元(用于日期后)
37．lung n．肺
38．trial n．试验；审判，审理
39．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
40．symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地
41．mineral n．矿物质；矿产
42．database n．数据库，资料库
43．astronomer n．天文学家
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护
2．participant n．参加者，参与者
3．barrier n．障碍，壁垒
4．twin n．双胞胎中的一个
5．forever adv.永远；长久地
6．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情
7．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
8．bound adj.很有可能，肯定会
9．mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的
10．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待n.滥用；虐待
11．contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛
12．locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
13.zone n．地区，地带
14．factor n．因素，要素
15．officially adv.官方地，正式地
16．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的17．widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
18．estimate vt.估计，估算
19．visible adj.看得见的
20．symptom n．症状；征兆，症候
21．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
22．pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿
态
23．outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生
24．actual adj.实际的，真实的
25．thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的
26．paragraph n．(文章的)段，段落
27．phenomenon n．现象
28．needle n．针
29．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子
30．victim n．(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的；生物学的→biologist n．生物学家
2．capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能→capable adj.有能力的
3．infer vt.推断，推定→inference n．推断，推定
4．calculate vt.计算，核算→calculation n．计算，核算→calculator n．计算器
5．physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学→physical adj.物理学的；身体的；物质的
6．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超过；
胜过
7．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本，版次→editor n．编辑，主编
8．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较
9．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的
10．accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n．准确性，准确度
11．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式→treat n．乐事；款待 vt.治疗；对待
12．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless vt.祝福
13．nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj.紧张的
14．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj.分类的；机密的→classification
n．归类，分类，分级
15．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物→oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.对面的；相反
的→opposition n．反对，反抗
16．depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress vt.令人沮丧；使萧条→depression n．沮丧；(经济)萧条
17．steadily adv.稳定地→steady adj.稳定的；稳固的→unsteady adj.不稳定的
18．systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的→system n．系统，体系，制度
19．globe n．地球，世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的
20．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的 →correspond vi.相一致；符合；类似于
→correspondence n．一致；相似；相关；通信；信件
21．identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identification n．确定，发现；鉴定；辨认
1．interpretation/InˌtɜːprI'teIʃən/n.表演，演绎；解释
2．moody/'muːdi/adj.喜怒无常的，情绪多变的
3．egotistical/ˌiːɡə'tIstIkəl/adj.自大的；自负的
4．chore/tʃɔː/n.家庭杂务；日常琐事
5．drone/drəʊn/n.无人遥控飞机
6．collision/kə'lIʒən/n.碰撞事故；冲突，抵触
7．outweigh/aʊt'weI/vt.比……更重要；比……更有价值
8．terrorist/'terərIst/n.恐怖分子
9．envision/In'vIʒən/vt.想象；展望
10．lightweight/'laIt-weIt/adj.比通常重量轻的
11．inhabitant/In'hæbItənt/n.居民
12．technician/tek'nIʃən/n.技师，技术人员
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．junk food不利健康的食品，垃圾食品
2．lead to 导致
3．in comparison with与……比较起来
4．a great deal of大量
5．be bound to一定；势必会
6．be viewed as被看作是
7．come into contact with接触到，和……接触
8．be classified as被归类为
9．on record有记载的，记录在案的
10．up to多达；直到
11．get through 度过，熬过；设法处理，完成
12．in the course of在……期间，在……过程中
13．result in 导致14．come up with 想出，想到
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，
and humans) to have been cloned！(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...)
它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)!
2．While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral
concerns.(while 引导的让步状语从句)
尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
3．Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.
(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气)
研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。
4．With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the
past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we
can create a more positive future without epidemics.(with的复合结构)
随着最近的媒体报道将禽流感和过去的致命流行病相类比，吉姆·史密斯审视了有时令人沮
丧的流行病历史，寻找关于我们如何创造一个更美好的没有流行病的未来的线索。
5．Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，
making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主
要原因之一。
6．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been
the most severe epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to be/have been...某人/某物被认为是……)
在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。
默写练习(一)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分)
1．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
2．gene n．基因
3．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地
4．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的
5．mammal n．哺乳动物
6．camel n．骆驼
7．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
8．clue n．线索，提示9．provoke vt.激起，引起
10．ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的
11．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共20分)
1．justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护
2．participant n．参加者，参与者
3．barrier n．障碍，壁垒
4．twin n．双胞胎中的一个
5．forever adv.永远；长久地
6．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情
7．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
8．bound adj.很有可能，肯定会
9．mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的
10．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待n.滥用；虐待
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
1．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的；生物学的→biologist n．生物学家
2．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超过；
胜过
3．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本，版次→editor n．编辑，主编
4．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的
5．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless vt.祝福
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．egotistical adj.自大的；自负的
2．drone n．无人遥控飞机
3．collision n．碰撞事故；冲突，抵触
4．lightweight adj.比通常重量轻的
5．technician n．技师，技术人员
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．junk food 不利健康的食品，垃圾食品
2．lead to导致
3．in comparison with 与 …… 比较起来
4．a great deal of大量
5．be bound to一定；势必会
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)1．What impresses us is Mr Wang’s ongoing capability to chase his dreams.He is always
capable of achieving his goals.(capable)
2．When you are asked to infer something from the text，you must make inferences according
to the passage you read instead of your imagination！(infer)
3．You will need to calculate how much time the assignment will take and make a rough
calculation.(calculate)
4．Don’t compare everything you have with others，for you will feel your life less satisfactory
by comparison.(compare)
5．The injured man is being treated now by the most skilful doctors，so he is likely to come to
life soon after the treatment.(treat)
6．Based on accurate data，I can accurately describe the project and in other words，my
accuracy relies on relevant data.(accurate)
7．The physicist was interested in the subject—physics and various physical phenomena
attracted his attention.(physical)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．In the past，his bad learning habit led to his poor academic performance.
2．He is viewed as a responsible，kind-hearted and hard-working doctor.
3．The first time I came into contact with him，I considered him to be competent and diligent.
4．Consuming too much junk food is harmful to our physical health，and we should keep a
balanced diet.
5．You have done so much work in advance that you are bound to pass the end-of-term
examination.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分)
1．怀特先生总是第一个来公司的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...)
Mr White is always the first person to come to the company.
2．虽然他的妻子经常告诉他，他不必这么早去那里，但他就是不听她的话。(while引导的
让步状语从句)
While his wife often tells him he needn’t go there so early，he just won’t listen to her.
3．他坚持认为他应该努力工作争取晋升。(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气)
He insisted that he (should) work hard to get promoted.
默写练习(二)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分)
1．organ n．器官
2．intake n．摄入量，摄取量3．epidemic n．传染病，流行病
4．virus n．病毒
5．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动
6．bacteria n．细菌
7．sample n．样本，样品 vt. 品尝，尝试；对 …… 做抽样调查
8．lung n．肺
9．trial n．试验；审判，审理
10．underline vt. 强调，使突出；在 …… 之下画线
11．mineral n．矿物质；矿产
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分)
1．contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛
2．factor n．因素，要素
3．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
4．widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
5．estimate vt.估计，估算
6．visible adj.看得见的
7．symptom n．症状；征兆，症候
8．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
9．pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿
态
10．actual adj.实际的，真实的
11．thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的
12．paragraph n．(文章的)段，段落
13．needle n．针
14．victim n．(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)
1．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj.分类的；机密的→classification
n．归类，分类，分级
2．steadily adv.稳定地→steady adj.稳定的；稳固的→unsteady adj.不稳定的
3．systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的→system n．系统，体系，制度
4 ． corresponding adj. 相 应 的 ； 对 应 的 → correspond vi. 相 一 致 ； 符 合 ； 类 似 于
→correspondence n．一致；相似；相关；通信；信件
5．identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identification n．确定，发现；鉴定；辨认
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．moody adj.喜怒无常的，情绪多变的2．chore n．家庭杂务；日常琐事
3．outweigh vt.比……更重要；比……更有价值
4．envision vt.想象；展望
5．inhabitant n．居民
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．be classified as被归类为
2．on record有记载的，记录在案的
3．up to多达；直到
4．in the course of 在 …… 期间，在 …… 过程中
5．result in导致
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．Hoping to calm our nerves，we decided to spend the afternoon at the lake.However，the idea
of taking the same boat with the boss made me nervous.(nerve)
2．I didn’t expect to receive opposition from my wife，but this time she was opposed to my
proposal somehow.(oppose)
3．Because of the economic depression，my father got much less salaries than before，and we
were all depressed at the depressing news.(depress)
4．Global warming has caused great concern and we should take effective measures to protect the
globe.(globe)
5．He made steady progress in his study after he worked day and night steadily for nearly a few
months.(steady)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．Getting through the first two chapters is what I will do today.
2．Keep in mind that we will be disqualified from driving for up to three years.
3．You can rely on him to come up with some good suggestions on how to solve your problem.
4．As you know，English as a language can be classified as British or American.
5．Last year the breakdown of his health resulted in his abandoning his plan to travel all over the
globe.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分)
1．自来水还流着，我父亲就离开了家。(with的复合结构)
With the tap water running，my father left the house.
2．我从五岁起就一直学习英语，这让我很容易与英语母语者自由交流。(现在分词短语作结
果状语)
I have been learning English since five，making it easy for me to communicate with native Englishspeakers freely.
3．杂交水稻之父袁隆平被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。(sb be believed to be...)
Yuan Longping，father of hybrid rice，is believed to be one of the greatest scientists in China.
In the current era，what people do hurts not only 1.themselves(they) but also animals，such
as some camels ， cattle ， apes and goats.In 2.comparison(compare) with widespread
traditional offline medical care，remote medical care is more crucial,3.which can break the
barriers of time and space，and provide the best doctors and the accurate treatment for
patients.But some illegal organizations,4.wholly(whole) ignoring the ethical principles，are
buried in editing some false advertisements artificially and abusing network，providing
some false clues for patients.It is bound 5.to lead(lead) to permanent hurt to patients，which
will provoke angry emotions and must 6.be forbidden(forbid) forever.
To make matters 7.worse(bad) ， it is estimated that some rare animals are
disappearing.There are many factors for their disappearance，and they can be roughly classified
into two categories，partly because they have no capability to adapt to the environment,8.and
partly because of human activities ， which pose a threat to their habitats.It is
9.depressing(depress) that some people kill animals because they attribute the outbreak of some
diseases to the viruses these animals carry.Fortunately，most people are opposed 10.to this
practice and call for efforts to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals on
the globe.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
treatment n．治疗；处理；待遇(treat n．乐事；款待vt.对待；治疗；请客)
•under treatment在治疗中
•treat...as...把……看作……；把……视为……
treat sb to sth用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人
treat sb with...以……方式对待某人
(1)Because I was under treatment(treat)，my mother was strongly opposed to my father treating
me to junk food.
(2)通过社区服务，我完全意识到，我们不仅要以尊重的方式对待无家可归的人，而且应该
把他们看作平等的人。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
Through the community service，I wholly realized that not only should we treat the homeless
people with respect but we also should treat them as equal souls.
bound adj.肯定会，很有可能；受束缚的，受约束的；有义务的vi.跳跃，跳跃着前进；形成界限
be bound to do...肯定会……；有责任或义务做……
be bound for...准备前往……
(1)(应用文写作之建议信)我相信，只有你全身心投入到比赛中，你才一定会成功。
I am convinced that only if you are devoted to the competition are you bound to succeed.
(2)在一个寒冷的日子里，告别了父母，我登上了一艘开往大西洋的巨轮。
On a bitter cold day，after saying goodbye to my parents，I went aboard a massive ship (which
was) bound for Atlantic Ocean.
classify vt.分类，归类(classified adj.分类的；机密的 classification n．分类，类别)
classify...into...把……分为……
classify sb/sth as sth把……划分为/界定为……
(1)Epidemics fall into different classifications(classify) according to the way they are spread.
(2)(应用文写作之建议信) 有人建议，当我们背诵单词时，应该把它们分成不同的类别。例
如，有些词可以归类为与体育有关的词。
It is suggested that words (should) be classified into different categories when we learn them by
heart.For instance，some words can be classified as sports-related words.
opposed adj.相反的；对立的(oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠opposite adj.对面的；相反的
opposition n．反对)
•be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事
•oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事
(1)I got a seat opposite(oppose) a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young
woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.(2021·北京)
(2)To be honest，most students oppose grouping(group) students randomly for the upcoming oral
practice sessions.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
→To be honest，most students are opposed to grouping students randomly for the upcoming oral
practice sessions.
(3)我强烈反对大卫放弃越野跑。他紧紧地闭上眼睛，思索着我的反对。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
I strongly opposed David/David ’ s giving up the cross-country run.He closed his eyes tightly,
pondering on my opposition.
(4)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan，I couldn’t
resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.→With all of my friends opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my
hands.(用with复合结构改写)
→All of my friends opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.
(用独立主格结构改写)
bury vt.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；掩藏
bury...in...把……埋到……；使……沉浸于……
bury oneself in (doing)．..埋头于/专心于……
be buried in专心于
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面
(1)(读后续写之动作链描写) 他一屁股坐地上，双手掩面，开始伤心地哭起来。
He flopped down on the ground，buried his face in his hands and began to weep sadly.
(2)我每天专心读英文报Youth并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
①I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper Youth every day and have gained
lots of colorful knowledge.
② Burying myself in/Buried in reading the English newspaper Youth every day ，I have gained
lots of colorful knowledge.(用分词短语作状语改写)
suspect vt.怀疑 n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子(suspicion n．怀疑；疑心 suspicious adj.
怀疑的；可疑的)
•suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb to be/as...怀疑某人是……
•be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
(1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) He suspected me of stealing(steal) the old woman’s gold ring
and even my best friend was suspicious(suspect) about my personal qualities，so I buried my face
in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably.
(2)那个陌生人被怀疑是间谍，正在接受警方的审问。
Suspected to be/as a spy，the stranger is being questioned by the police.
(3)我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松，但实际上他凭着坚强的意志成功了。
We suspected that the injured participant may not finish the marathon，but actually he made it with
strong willpower.
用法点拨 与suspect sb of sth 结构相同的短语还有：inform sb of sth通知某人某事；remind
sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物；accuse sb of sth控告某人某事；warn sb
of sth警告某人某事。
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do... They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammalswhich include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！它们是有史以来首次被
克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)!
•本句中不定式短语to have been cloned作后置定语，修饰the first-ever primates。当中心词是
序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
•英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；②被修饰词前有
the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；③不定代词something，nothing，little等
后；④抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后。
(1)Though David was the last participant to cross(cross) the finishing line，he won all of our
admiration and cheers.
(2)(读后续写之主旨升华)事实上，我们在日常生活中都有值得感激的事情，但有时我们只是
没有意识到。
As a matter of fact，we all have something to be grateful for in our daily life，but sometimes we
just don’t realize it.
(3)约翰是第一个想到做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困
境。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He
was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一出国深造的学生。毫无
疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further
study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.
现在分词短语作结果状语 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s
population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman
Empire.科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰
落的主要原因之一。
此句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结
果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果；另外，动词不定式也可作结果状语，一般放在句子后
面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，just等词连用。
(1)(应用文写作之自荐信) First of all，I speak fluent English.It permits me to communicate with
visitors without difficulty.
→First of all，I speak fluent English，permitting me to communicate with visitors without
difficulty.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
(2)(读后续写之片段描写) 简气呼呼地走进森林，却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。
Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily ， only to find that she couldn’t identify
direction.Worse still，it rained heavily suddenly，making it more difficult to find her way out of
the unfamiliar forest.
sb/sth be＋过去分词＋to do... Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the
Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.在18个月内造成
5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。
句中的“sb/sth be＋过去分词＋to do...”可与“It is＋过去分词＋that...”这个句型相互转
换，根据具体情况，不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(1)Thomas Edison was considered to have invented(invent) the bulb，which benefits people
greatly.
(2)His daughter is said to be studying(study) law at university and will graduate in 2025.
→It is said that his daughter is studying law at university and will graduate in 2025.(用it作形式主
语改写)
(3)他被公认为是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。
①He is acknowledged as/to be one of the world’s greatest physicists.
②It is acknowledged that he is one of the world’s greatest physicists.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．nerve
(1)I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my nerve at the last minute. B
(2)With the encouragement and comfort，I finally nerved myself to bravely face the barrier. C
(3)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a
nerve in my hand.(2021·全国甲) A
2．pose
(1)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) A
(2)Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species. C
(3)When I finally posed the question，“Why？” he merely shrugged. D
(4)How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？(2020·天津) B
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn’t contain his excitement anddanced into the house. 克制，抑制 ( 感情 )
(2)We cannot calculate on his help because he is not reliable.指望
(3)We sampled a selection of different bottled waters.品尝
(4)I got up early to catch the train that was bound for Shanghai.开往
(5)As you know，I bury myself in books at the school I am so familiar with.埋头于
(6)It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.(2021·北京)
找到
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The literary work A Dream in Red Mansions contains 120 chapters，including(include) 40
chapters written by Gao’E.
2．The government advocates classifying rubbish into four categories: recyclable waste，
unrecyclable waste，harmful waste and other waste.
3．All of her runs have a guiding purpose：to call attention to global(globe) water issues.
(2023·北京)
4．Buried(bury) in writing a science fiction novel，she didn’t realize it began to rain outside.
5．It struck me that I could treat the girl to an absorbing drama in return for her help.
6．Some students do realize they are blessed with the opportunity to study in the bright and
spacious classrooms.However，others take it for granted.
7．I suspect the so-called poet of copying others’ poems but I have no solid evidence.
8．In spite of the icy cold weather，my mother is the first to get(get) up to prepare breakfast.
9．The scholar，who is said to have graduated(graduate) from Cambridge University，will give
us a lecture about English poetry.
10．I think there is a good reason for her absence as she rarely(rare) stays away from work
without approval.
随着科学技术的发展，克隆技术的发展已经引起了人们极大的关注。人们对这个问题的
看法也各不相同。请写一篇文章介绍人们对克隆技术的不同观点，并表明自己的立场。
完成句子
1．众所周知，科学家们在克隆技术方面取得了巨大的进步，这引发了关于克隆是福还是祸
的激烈争论。(It is known that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________2．一些人支持克隆，说它可以带来医学进步，帮助世界各地濒危甚至灭绝物种的繁殖。(现
在分词短语作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．但另一方面，许多人强烈反对。(be opposed to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．他们怀疑那些支持克隆的人在道德上是错误的，会给我们人类带来麻烦。(suspect that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．就我而言，我坚持认为，我们一方面应该促进其发展，另一方面应该加强对克隆技术的
管理。(insist引导宾语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．只有当我们在这个微妙的问题上表现出极大的谨慎，我们才能从克隆中受益匪浅。
(“only＋状语从句”位于句首引起的部分倒装)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
It is known that scientists have made great progress in cloning technology，which has brought
about a heated debate over whether cloning is a blessing or a curse.
Some people support cloning，saying it can bring medical progress and help the reproduction
of endangered and even extinct species around the world.But on the other hand，many people are
strongly opposed to it.They suspect that those who support cloning are morally wrong and would
bring trouble to us humans.As for me，I insist that on the one hand，we should promote its development，and on the
other hand，we should strengthen the management of cloning technology.Only when we show
great caution on this delicate issue can we benefit greatly from cloning.
教材语料整合
[情感描写] emotion；ethical；inferior；blessing；nerve；opposed；depressing
亮词 [动作描写] justify；infer；calculate；innovate；abuse；locate；classify；estimate；
bury；underline；identify；suspect
1.Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck
near the end of World War Ⅰ.(拟人)
美句 2.SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted
to learn more about it and its causes.(情感描写)
3.It(The DNA detective) has been one of the key weapons for unsolved cases.(比喻)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：跑、走、冲
skip蹦跳着走 run 跑 race赛跑 jog慢跑 fly飞奔 approach接近，靠近 drag
拖着(受伤的脚或腿)行走 dance跳跃，雀跃 jump 跳，跃 escape逃跑 flee逃走
单词 rush迅速移动 dash猛冲，急奔 stride 大步走 stroll/wander 漫步，闲逛 dart 飞
奔，猛冲 march 行军，快步走 tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚，轻手轻脚地走 stagger摇摇晃
晃地走 stumble 跌跌撞撞地走 trot 小跑，快步，疾走
steal/slide/creep into溜进 dash/rush for向……冲去 burst into冲进 head for/towards
词块 走向，前往 make a rush for冲向 charge out/into冲出/冲进 pace up and down踱来
踱去 jump off跳下 hurry off匆匆离去
No longer hesitating，he jumped off the truck and flew towards the building like an
arrow.(动作描写)
他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，像箭一样飞向大楼。
The man dashed/rushed for the exit，and escaped in great panic.那人向出口冲去，慌
慌张张地逃走了。
句型
Racing/Dashing/Running home，he burst into the bedroom，picked up my purse and
charged out.(现在分词短语作状语)(动作链描写)他飞奔着跑回家，冲进卧室，拿起我
的钱包冲了出去。
He started pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face.他皱着眉头在房间里
踱来踱去。
语料运用 主题：“我是谁”
Tom Smith is a 17-year-old boy ①who is blessed with a big family where all family membersare gifted in some musical instruments except him.②He once suspected that he may not belong to
the family，or maybe he was just the adopted one.One day，he ③was pacing up and down the
room with a frown on his face when suddenly an idea struck him.He should secretly make a DNA
detection to justify his identity.So，that afternoon，④ after jogging in the yard ， he tiptoed to the
bedroom，trying to find some hairs from his parents.After a careful search，he managed to find
some，and ⑤escaped quickly with his heart pounding wildly.The moment ⑥he fled out of
home，he rushed to the hospital without delay.He submitted the sample to the doctor and was
asked to pick the result the next day.Feeling relieved and free，he stopped in the nearby park，
⑦wandering leisurely，saying to himself，“The truth will soon come out.” The next day，
having butterflies in his stomach，⑧ he hurried to the hospital and got the gene identification
certificate.“Thank goodness！I am indeed a real Smith.”
汤姆·史密斯是一个17岁的男孩，他有幸拥有一个大家庭，除了他之外，所有家庭成员
都有一些乐器天赋。他曾经怀疑自己可能不属于这个家庭，觉得自己可能是被收养的。一天，
他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去，这时突然想到了一个主意。他应该秘密进行一次DNA检测
以证明自己的身份。于是，那天下午，在院子里慢跑后，他踮着脚尖来到卧室，试图找到一
些他父母的头发。经过仔细搜索，他终于找到了一些并迅速逃离，他的心脏剧烈跳动。他一
逃离家就立即赶往医院。他把样本交给了医生，并被要求次日取结果。他感到宽慰和自由，
在附近的公园里停了下来，悠闲地闲逛，自言自语地说：“真相很快就会水落石出。”第二
天，他忐忑不安，匆匆赶往医院，拿到了基因鉴定证书。“谢天谢地！我是一个真正的史密
斯家族成员。”
