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选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene，Zhong Zhong
and Hua Hua，using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep.These monkeys are not
actually the first primates(灵长类)to be cloned.Another one named Tetra was produced in the late
1990s by embryo(胚胎)splitting，the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate
cells to make clones.By contrast，they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus(原子
核)with DNA from a differentiated body cell.This Dolly method，known as somatic cell nuclear
transfer(SCNT)，can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they
make to the DNA.
Success came from adopting several new techniques.These included a new type of microscopy
to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell
reprogramming，which hadn’t been tried before on primates.Still，the research process proved
difficult，and many attempts by the team failed，just two healthy baby monkeys born from more
than 60 tested mothers.This leads to many researchers’ pouring water on the idea that the
team’s results bring scientists closer to cloning humans.They thought this work is not a stepping
stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones.Instead，this clearly remains a
very foolish thing to attempt，it would be far too inefficient，far too unsafe，and it is also
pointless.
But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal.There is now no barrier for
cloning primate species，and thus cloning humans is closer to reality.However，their research
purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases；they absolutely
have no intention，and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans.Despite
limitations，they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human
biology and disease.
1．What do we know about the technology called SCNT?
A．It created the first two primates.
B．It may contribute to editing the DNA.
C．It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.
D．It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.
2．What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?
A．Keeping a hot topic of it. B．Attaching no importance to it.
C．Having a low opinion of it. D．Adding supportive evidence to it.3．What is the scientists’ purpose to clone these monkeys?
A．To prepare for their research on human cloning.
B．To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.
C．To help with the study of human diseases.
D．To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Cloning humans is already on its way.
B．New techniques seem to be pointless.
C．Society won’t agree to clone another monkey.
D．The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.
B(★)
Few businesses can run without computers ， giving keyboard shortcuts an incredible
importance.Schools view typing courses as necessary.But what are we giving up as handwriting
loses its significance?
Brain power，according to science.Researchers from Princeton University and the University
of California conducted a series of studies to demonstrate the differences between students who
wrote out their notes and those who typed them.Study participants took notes on a lecture using one
of the two methods and were tested 30 minutes after the lecture，and again a week later.
The results showed both types of notetakers did well on the first test.The longhand notetakers
had a stronger grasp of the overall concept.Students with the handwritten notes were also able to
better remember and understand the concept of the lecture a week later，and were more open to
understanding new ideas.
According to Pam Mueller，lead author of the study，“Our findings suggest even when
laptops are used as intended，they may still be harming academic performance.” Part of the
reason is that it was faster to take notes on the laptop，using exactly the same words meant they
weren’t truly engaged in the content.But notetakers using pen and paper tended to digest the
material better and could rephrase it in their own words.
Although typing notes using exactly the same words can help in recalling facts in the short
term，it takes the focus away from the main points of the lesson.“Ironically，the feature that
makes their laptop notetaking so attractive—the ability to take notes more quickly—was what
weakened learning，” educational psychologist Dr.Kenneth Kiewra told The Wall Street
Journal.
Computers aren’t going away soon，but that doesn’t mean paper notebooks become
outdated.In fact，it is best to start using them at an early age.University of Indiana researchers
compared brain scans of five-year-olds—some who practiced the printing letters，and some who
just looked at the letters.Those who wrote out the letters had more enhanced and adult-like brain
activity.5．In the study，what were the participants asked to do?
A．Compare typing and handwriting.
B．Take notes by typing or handwriting and take tests.
C．Take two tests right after taking notes on the lecture.
D．Take notes using exactly the same words on the lecture.
6．What does the underlined word “longhand” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fast. B．Flexible. C．Typing. D．Handwriting.
7．What contributes to better learning in note-taking?
A．Using the exact words. B．Introducing modern tools.
C．Writing as quickly as possible. D．Rephrasing the learning material.
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Typing Matters in a Way
B．A Pen Is Better than a Keyboard
C．Handwriting Builds Your Brain Power
D．Handwriting or Typing Is a Question
C
The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century.But
now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras(极光) really make sounds.
“It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world，” historian Fiona Amery said.“In
Canada，Norway and Russia，they are all hearing very much the same sounds.”
“The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground ，which strengthens
opinions that their sounds are just a false impression，” said Fiona.Many scientists argued that
auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the
ground，so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras.
However，other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made sounds.In the
1920s，Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could
occur：The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that
created crackling sounds close to the ground.Almost 100 years later，Clarence’s suggestion
seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.
In 2012，an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of
monitoring auroras.In 2016，he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds：an inversion
layer(逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance
above the ground in calm weather.
Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer，causing
accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks(火花) that create sounds that can be heard.That
explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora’s visible movements—they begin to happen
in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer.9．What is the primary subject of Fiona’s statement in paragraph 2?
A．The existence of the sounds of the Northern Lights.
B．The need to make full use of the Northern Lights.
C．The problems caused by the Northern Lights.
D．The cause of the Northern Lights.
10．What can we learn about Clarence’s suggestion in the 1920s?
A．It matched a lot of old ideas. B．It was well recognized then.
C．It might be of great value. D．It was a total failure.
11．How does the author convey his idea in the text?
A．By listing research numbers. B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing explanations. D．By giving examples.
12．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Can We Enjoy the Northern Lights?
B．Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds?
C．Why Should We Study the Northern Lights?
D．How Do the Northern Lights Come into Being?
Ⅱ.七选五
Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe
impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change. 1
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of
the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight
climate change. 2 They include limited political support ， lack of money ， weak
organizational structures ， and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million
hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years
ago. 3
First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean
in western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 4 It could also reduce levels of
climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide
from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
5 Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing
5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan
have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification
agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal
of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A．But the project faces many problems.
B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.
C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.
E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.
F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than any
other continent.
