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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．landing n．(军队的)登陆
2．allied adj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的
3．troop n．部队；军队
4．code-name v．起代号为
5．tide n．潮水
6．supreme adj.最高的
7．commander n．指挥官，长官
8．parachute n．降落伞
9．coastline n．海岸线
10．gunfire n．炮火
11．amongst prep.在……当中(＝among)
12．tank n．坦克
13．solemn adj.严肃的，庄重的
14．weary v．(使)非常疲倦
15．peacekeeping n．维持和平(的行动)
16．peacekeeper n．维和人员
17．friction n．冲突，摩擦
18．disarm v．解除武装
19．combatant n．战斗人员
20．weapon n．武器，兵器
21．ammunition n．弹药
22．sardine n．沙丁鱼
23．dire adj.极其严重的24．daunting adj.吓人的，使人气馁的
25．fortify v．激励，加强
26．shirk v．逃避
27．depict v．描述，描写
28．peer n．同龄人；同辈
29．breeze n．微风
30．crowning adj.使圆满的，使完美的
31．prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
32．commemorate v．庆祝，为……举行纪念活动
33．reaffirm v．重申，再次确定
34．blueprint n．蓝图
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．objective n．目的，目标
2．recall v．回想，回忆起
3．barely adv.勉强才能
4．condemn v．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
5．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
6．uniform n．制服
7．bomb v．轰炸
8．intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的
9．associated adj.联合的
10．rough adj.简单的；粗糙的
11．disrupt v．扰乱
12．emerge v．出现
13．anniversary n．周年纪念日
14．sum n．金额，款项
15．grain n．谷物，粮食
16．relevant adj.有关的，切题的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的→violence n．暴力
2．horror n．惊恐→horrible adj.可怕的→horrify v．惊吓；使厌恶；恐吓
3．drown v．(使)淹死→drowned adj.淹死的→drowning adj.要淹死的
4．liberate v．解放(城市、国家等)→liberation n．解放
5．memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的 n．纪念物；纪念碑→memory n．记忆→memorize v．记
住→memorable adj.值得纪念的；难忘的6．stability n．稳固，稳定→stable adj.稳定的
7．professionalism n．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→profession n．专业；职业
→professional adj.专业的 n．专业人员
8．academic adj.学术的→academy n．学院；学会
9．aggression n．侵略；攻击性→aggressive adj.好斗的；志在必得的→aggressor n．侵略者
10．invader n．侵略者，侵略军→invade v．侵略；侵犯→invasion n．侵略
11．misty adj.多雾的→mist n．薄雾；水汽
12．glory n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事；荣誉→glorious adj.光荣的
13．dedication n．奉献→dedicate v．把……奉献给→dedicated adj.专注的；献身的
14．representative n．代表→represent v．代表；描绘
15．collective adj.集体的；共同的→collect v．收集→collection n．收藏品→collector n．
收集者，收藏家
1．embody /Im'bɒdi/ vt.体现；代表；(正式)包括
2．migrant /'maIɡrənt/ n．(为工作)移居者；移民；候鸟；迁徙动物→migrate /maI'ɡreIt/ vi.
移居；迁移；迁徙
3．extensive /Ik'stensIv/ adj.广泛的；广博的；大量的
4．validate /'vælIdeIt/ vt.证实；确认
5．executive /Iɡ'zekjətIv/ n．(机构或公司的)主管；经理 adj.经营管理的；经理的；决策的
6．administrative /əd'mInIstrətIv/ adj.行政的；管理的
7．indulge /In'dʌldʒ/ vt.& vi.沉迷(于)；放纵
indulge oneself放纵；享受
indulge in沉迷；沉溺于
8．inherit /In'herIt/ vt.& vi.经遗传获得；继承(遗产)；继任
9．aspire /ə'spaIə(r)/ vi.& vt.渴望(成就)；有志(成为)
aspire to (do) sth追求某事物；渴望做某事
10．whereby /weə'baI/ adv.凭此；借以
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．on standby 待命
2．in large numbers 大量，大批
3．free...from 把……从……释放出来，使……摆脱
4．have confidence in对……有信心
5．nothing less than简直是；极其；不亚于
6．prepare for为……做准备7．make it (及时)到达(尤指来得及做某事)；能够出席；(经历艰难困苦后)成功
8．meet up with与……见面
9．keep to sth遵守；不偏离(道路等)
10．hold down 固定住；保住；压制，限制
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Code-named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land
operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.(独立
主格结构)
这次行动代号为“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆联合行动，目的是解放德国
占领的欧洲西北部地区。
2．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become
known as D-Day.(with的复合结构)
盟军士兵们耳中回荡着这些话，为即将到来的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。
3．Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of
China.(once引导时间状语从句)
到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。
4．It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged
at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.(It
is no wonder that...难怪……)
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔
奖得主——物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
5．Driven by a sense of commitment，a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese
invaders and defend the honour of the nation.(过去分词短语作状语)
在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共14分)
1．depict v．描述，描写
2．breeze n．微风
3．prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
4．reaffirm v．重申，再次确定
5．peacekeeping n． 维持和平 ( 的行动 )
6．friction n．冲突，摩擦
7．weapon n．武器，兵器
8．landing n． ( 军队的 ) 登陆9．supreme adj.最高的
10．commander n．指挥官，长官
11．dire adj.极其严重的
12．weary v． ( 使 ) 非常疲倦
13．shirk v．逃避
14．daunting adj.吓人的，使人气馁的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．disrupt v．扰乱
2．recall v．回想，回忆起
3．barely adv.勉强才能
4．condemn v．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
5．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
6．emerge v．出现
7．associated adj.联合的
8．rough adj.简单的；粗糙的
9．anniversary n．周年纪念日
10．relevant adj.有关的，切题的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
1．violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的→violence n．暴力
2．horror n．惊恐→horrible adj.可怕的→horrify v．惊吓；使厌恶；恐吓
3．liberate v．解放(城市、国家等)→liberation n．解放
4．professionalism n．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→profession n．专业；职业
→professional adj.专业的 n．专业人员
5．aggression n．侵略→aggressive adj.好斗的；志在必得的→aggressor n．侵略者
6．invader n．侵略者，侵略军→invade v．侵略；侵犯→invasion n．侵略
7．glory n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事；荣誉→glorious adj.光荣的
8．dedication n．奉献→dedicate v．把……奉献给→dedicated adj.专注的；献身的
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．embody vt. 体现；代表； ( 正式 ) 包括
2．indulge in沉迷；沉溺于
3．inherit vt.& vi. 经遗传获得；继承 ( 遗产 ) ；继任
4．aspire to (do) sth追求某事物；渴望做某事
5．whereby adv.凭此；借以
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．on standby 待命2．in large numbers 大量，大批
3．free...from 把 …… 从 …… 释放出来，使 …… 摆脱
4．nothing less than 简直是；极其；不亚于
5．meet up with 与……见面
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共10分)
1．She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.She could only
memorize some things，so she wrote down the memorial service in her diary.(memory)
2．My brother has been collecting stamps for many years so he has large collections of stamps.
(collect)
3．The brilliant professor is a doctor by profession，so he has much professional knowledge in
medicine.(profession)
4.Economic stability contributes to people living a stable life.(stable)
5．The student representative is more than delighted to represent his class to talk about learning
methods.(representative)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．Before setting off，I was told to keep to the track or I would get lost.
2．The government has taken some measures to hold down house prices.
3．The determined look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.
4．In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
5．Not until he informed me of the meeting was I aware that I had not prepared for my proposal.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．(读后续写之情感描写)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶。”内疚的泪水流下脸颊。(独
立主格结构)
“But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks.
2．(读后续写之情感描写)波莉怒火中烧，一把推开椅子，从桌子旁边站了起来。(过去分词
短语作状语)
Filled with anger，Polly pushed back her chair and stood up from the table.
3．我没有如约出现，也未向他道歉。难怪他不原谅我。(It is no wonder that...)
Neither did I turn up as promised，nor did I apologize to him.It was no wonder that he didn’t
forgive me.
4．(2021·全国乙，书面表达)随着在线学习越来越流行，越来越多的青少年认为它是一个获
取知识的好方法。(with的复合结构)
With online learning more and more popular，more and more teenagers think it a good way of
gaining knowledge.5．他度假一回来就投身于工作。(once引导时间状语从句)
He threw himself into work once he got back from his holidays.
Several years have passed but we can still recall the daunting violence that broke 1.out in
this small African country,2.which eventually turned into national unrest.There were constant fights
between government troops 3.and local armed forces，making civilians condemned to extreme
horror.The order of local life 4.was disrupted(disrupt) as well.5.Invited(invite) by the international
community，China sent peacekeepers to this country with the objective of 6.keeping(keep)
peace.All of these peacekeepers were combatants.They wore peacekeepers’ uniforms，carried
weapons and ammunition，stopped violent incidents，disarmed illegal armed forces，
mediated frictions that emerged amongst all 7.parties(party) ， and fortified social
8.security(secure)．They made outstanding contributions to the peace and stability of the
country.Their unremitting efforts and dedication won widespread praise.The supreme
commander of UN peacekeeping spoke 9.highly(high) of the crowning quality and role of
China’s peacekeeping force，and awarded it collective first-class merit.To sum up，it is also
10.a glory for Chinese people.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的；无偏见的；基于事实的；宾格的 (object v．反对；
不赞成 n．目标，目的；物体 objection n．不赞成；反对；异议)
·with the objective of旨在……；带着……的目标
·object to sb/sth反对；不赞成……
object to (sb) doing sth反对(某人)做某事
·have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth对(做)某事表示反对
(1)It is obvious that he objects to solving(solve) frictions with violence.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我的父母反对我选择文科，这使我很烦恼，因此我给你写信旨在寻
求你的帮助。
It upsets me that my parents have an objection to/object to my/me choosing arts，so I am writing
with the objective of asking you for assistance.
condemn v．谴责；指责；宣判；迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
condemn sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而指责某人
condemn sb to sth判处某人刑罚；迫使某人接受……的困境
be condemned to do sth注定要做某事(1)The kindergarten was condemned for abusing naughty children.
(2)Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring，usually poorly-paid
work.
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“你对写作如此投入，
注定要为我们班赢得荣誉。”
My teacher cast an inspiring smile at me，saying，“You are so devoted to your writing that you
are condemned to win glory for our class.”
representative n．代表；代理人 adj.典型的；有代表性的 (represent v．代表；象征；
表示；描绘；声称)
·represent sb/sth as/to be...宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为……
represent sth to sb向某人说明(传达)某事
·stand for代表；象征
on behalf of sb(＝on one’s behalf)为了某人；代表某人
(1)Some countries represent their troops as peacekeepers to other countries.
(2)I feel greatly honored to be chosen as a representative(represent) to represent Chinese table
manners to you.
(3)(话题写作之中国文化)汉语与西方语言的不同之处在于它使用代表思想、物体或行为的汉
字。
The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that it uses characters which stand
for/represent ideas ， objects or deeds .
(4)(应用文写作之活动安排)我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。
I ’ m more than glad to represent our school to tell you something about these activities./On behalf
of our school ， I ’ m more than glad to tell you something about these activities.
sum n．金额，款项；总数；总和 v．总结，概括
a large sum of大量的
sum up总结；概括
in sum＝to sum up总而言之
(1)Will you please sum up the main idea of this article?
(2)这个男孩因他的发明得到了一大笔奖金。
The boy was rewarded for his invention with a large sum of money.
(3)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)总而言之，通过这次活动，更多的人可以欣赏中国文化之美，
加深对中国的了解。In sum/To sum up，through this event，more people can appreciate the beauty of Chinese culture
and deepen their understanding of China.
hold down 固定住；保住；压制；限制；压低
hold back阻挡；抵制；克制；控制；退缩
hold out (食物等)维持；坚持；伸出
hold up举起；支撑；耽搁；抢劫
hold on (打电话时用语)请等一下，不要挂断；坚持住，挺住
hold on to抓住；坚持，不放弃
(1)I would have arrived on schedule，but my train was held up on the way.
(2)When I saw the list of winners in the writing contest，I held out/up my arms and cheered，
laughing heartily.
(3)他焦急地说：“请等一下！我有急事要告诉你。”
He said anxiously，“Hold on！I have something urgent to tell you.”
(4)他很难保住现在的工作，他控制不住自己的眼泪。
He had difficulty (in) holding down his present job and he couldn’t hold back his tears.
(5)(应用文写作之鼓励信)别半途而废。坚持你的目标，你就会成功。
Don’t leave things half done.Hold on to your objective/aim/goal and you will make it.
It is no wonder that... It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading
scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ， including the two Nobel Prize-winning
physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的
学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主——物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
·It is no wonder that...难怪……；怪不得……，……不足为奇(可以省略为No wonder...)
·It’s a wonder that...令人惊奇的是……
work wonders创造奇迹
·wonder＋宾语从句 想知道……/对……感到奇怪
(1)(应用文写作之求助信)I wonder if/whether you can give me some advice on how to make
friends.
(2)地震发生后，他靠一瓶矿泉水幸存了下来，这真是个奇迹。
It was a wonder that he had survived on a bottle of mineral water after the earthquake.
(3)(话题写作之动物保护)我们相信，只要我们不放弃保护野生动物的斗争，我们就会创造奇
迹。
We believe that we will work wonders as long as we never give up the struggle of wildlife
protection.(4)(2023·上海1月，书面表达)许多学生害怕在公共场合犯错误和使自己难堪，难怪他们对
英语口语课不感兴趣。
Many students are afraid of making mistakes and embarrassing themselves in public and it is no
wonder that/no wonder they aren ’ t interested in the oral English class .
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．rough
(1)The bench had a rough wooden table in front of it. D
(2)The road is so steep and rough that the participants suffered a lot. B
(3)They complained of rough handling by the guards. C
(4)It was too rough to sail that night. E
(5)His marriage was going through a rough patch. A
(6)(2023·全国甲)The western half of the U．S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a
rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. F
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)As a journalist，it is my duty to report true and objective information.客观的
(2)There is anxiety about the rising tide of crime. ( 难以控制的 ) 恶潮
(3)(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is
one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because
of climate change.大学教师
(4)Temperature becomes uniform by heat conduction until finally a permanent state is reached.一
致的，统一的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Most people objected to his plan，which disappointed him.However，he got to be more
modest.
2．They selected me as the representative(represent) of our school to deliver a report about the
result of our analysis.
3．Violent(violence) games should be restricted；otherwise they would severely(severe) pollute
children’s minds.
4．She had barely heard the news that he was refused when she began to cry.
5．To my horror，a mouse emerged from my room.
6．Yesterday he summed up the text quite accurately，which won him great acclaim.
7．My friend is searching the Internet for materials that are relevant to precious antiques.
8．The boss of the grocery store has made up his mind to hold down prices to promote goods.9. Nonetheless，what makes us surprised is that in England traffic must keep to the left，which is
contrary to China.
10．These artisans have a command of unique craft on how to preserve ancient architecture.
假设你是李华，你们班于上周日上午 9点组织了一次主题为“中国人民抗日战争的胜利
The Victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression”的主题
班会，请你给你的外国笔友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.简要描述抗日战争；
2.你的感想。
完成句子
1．我写信的目的是告知你我们的主题班会，其主题是中国人民抗日战争的胜利。
(objective；定语从句)
2．在残酷的战争中，中国军队被认为是最勇敢的士兵，他们冒着生命危险与敌人作战。
(represent...as)
3．面对敌人猛烈的轰炸，中国军民万众一心，不忘目标，英勇杀敌。(hold on to)
4．虽然中国军队武器落后，但他们坚信他们将以共同的努力赢得光荣的胜利。(glorious；
collective)
5．难怪有人说，中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利将永远铭刻在人类正义史上。(it is no wonder
that)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Tom，
I am writing with the objective of informing you of our theme class meeting whose theme isthe victory of China’s Resistance War against Japanese Aggression.
During the cruel war，the Chinese army was represented as the most courageous soldiers，
who fought against the enemies at the risk of their lives.In the face of the enemy’s violent
bombing，the Chinese army and the people united as one，held on to their goal and bravely killed
the enemy.Although the Chinese army was backward in weapons，they were confident that they
would win the glorious victory with collective efforts.As a result，it is no wonder that someone
says that the great victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese
Aggression will be forever carved in the history of human justice.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
[环境描写] coastline；misty；breeze；tide
[战争描写] violent→violence；horror；gunfire；bomb；friction；disarm；
亮词
combatant；weapon；ammunition；aggression；fortify；invader；glory；
dedication
1.With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what
would become known as D-Day.(动作描写)
美句
2．Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops，but they turned sorrow
into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：哭泣(一)
misty 泪眼模糊的 watery眼泪汪汪的 tearful含泪的 sob呜咽，啜泣 weep (通
单词
常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪 cry哭泣 choke哽咽 wail号啕大哭，恸哭
have a lump in one’s throat哽咽 be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面 be close to
tears/be on the verge of tears 快哭了 be filled with/be full of tears/tears well up in
词块
one’s eyes 热泪盈眶 be blurred/dim with tears 泪眼模糊 tears cloud one’s eyes
泪水模糊了某人的眼睛 tears pour down one’s face眼泪从脸上流下来
She hugged her child tightly，her eyes flooded with/full of tears of gratitude.(独立主
格)
她紧紧地抱着她的孩子，眼里充满了感激的泪水。
句型 I sobbed bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face.(现在分
词短语作状语)
我痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着从我脸上流下的泪水中的咸味。
Her bottom lip quivered and big tears rolled down her cheeks.她的下唇颤抖着，大颗大颗的眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。
He wailed，tears pouring down his face uncontrollably.(独立主格)
他号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地从脸上流下来。
All the children held out their arms and cheered，with tears welling up in their eyes.
(with的复合结构)
所有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，泪水夺眶而出。
语料运用 武装冲突
On a misty morning，violent armed friction broke out.With gunfire and bombing ringing in
their ears，the children in the village wailed，①tears pouring down their faces uncontrollably(独
立主格)．Some people ② had a lump in their throats ， unable to utter a word .Horror crowded in
on them like tides.Luckily，local soldiers and people fought bravely against invaders and drove
away enemies soon.③ All the children held out their arms and cheered ， with tears welling up in
their eyes(with的复合结构)．
在一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，爆发了激烈的武装冲突。枪声和爆炸声在他们耳边回响，村里的
孩子们号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地从脸上流下。有些人喉头哽咽，说不出一句话。恐怖像潮
水一样涌向他们。幸运的是，当地的士兵和人民勇敢地抵抗侵略者，很快就赶走了敌人。所
有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，热泪盈眶。
高考题型组合练 33
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“I was sleeping on the street for nine days.If it weren’t for Crisis，I might have died，”
said Eddie，who was a chef for years，working in luxurious hotels in London.He lost his job and
his health declined.He spent all his savings on rent and was forced to leave his home when they ran
out.
He stayed with a friend，but it was crowded，and his friend eventually asked him to
leave.Eddie found out about Crisis by chance and was referred to a Crisis at Christmas hotel.
Eddie was given a Crisis coach，who supported him in finding somewhere to live and he was
given a phone，which he used to look for work.Eddie is settled in his new home.His health
condition is much better and he is looking forward to the future.
Right now thousands of people at the sharp end of poverty are being pushed into
homelessness.People are being left with no options than to go without basics like food，heating or
keeping a roof over their heads.
Please donate today to end someone’s homelessness and support to leave homelessnessbehind for good.
·￡10 monthly could provide a warm welcome and help someone take their first steps out of
homelessness.
·￡32 monthly could help fund one-to-one specialist coaching in housing，benefits，well-
being and work.
·￡64 monthly could help fund one of our support workers to assist someone trapped in
temporary accommodation in looking for affordable and settled housing.
·￡100 monthly could buy a household starter kit，filled with essentials someone might not
be able to afford，to help them settle into their new home.
Please search “Crisis at Christmas” to make your donation.Here is how：
0800 999 2060
Room 006，Freepost，Crisis at Christmas
Scan the QR code with your phone camera to donate
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对慈善组织Crisis at Christmas作捐赠的方式和不
同金额可实现的帮助意义。
1．What is Crisis at Christmas?
A．A hotel.
B．A health center.
C．An employment agency.
D．A charity organization.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘I was sleeping on the street for nine days.If it weren’t
for Crisis，I might have died，’ said Eddie”、第二段中“Eddie found out...a Crisis at
Christmas hotel.”、第三段中“Eddie was given a Crisis coach，who supported him in finding
somewhere to live...”以及文章最后提到“Please search ‘Crisis at Christmas’ to make your
donation”可推知，Crisis at Christmas是一个帮助无家可归的人的慈善机构。故选D。
2．What difference can you make to a beneficiary with a donation of ￡32 monthly?
A．Helping rent a luxurious house.
B．Helping throw a welcome party.
C．Helping buy household necessities.
D．Helping get personalized guidance.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“￡32 monthly”定位至文中的“￡32 monthly could
help fund one-to-one specialist coaching in housing...”。one-to-one specialist coaching与D项中的“personalized guidance”语义一致，意为“个性化指导”，故选D。
3．How many ways are there to make a donation?
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“make a donation”定位至最后一段，其中提到可以通
过打电话、寄信、扫描二维码共三种方式来实现捐赠，故选C。
B(★)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of
humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had
texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later
achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their
concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are
able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between
literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict，at Botany Bay，between Captain
Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side，we have scientific reports
and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden
shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct
what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and
strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides ， there are victories
accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those
who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino，
the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this
book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they
made：a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系)
between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we
have to read not just the texts，but the objects.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性并强
调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
4．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.D．Why written language is reliable.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该被如何呈现。故
选A。
5．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one-sided.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句可知，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产
物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据该段最后三句可知，关于这场冲突，英国人留下
了文本资料而澳大利亚土著人只有一个木盾牌，而想要了解真实的历史，就要对盾牌和文本
进行同样深入而严肃的研究。由此推断，作者想表明库克船长的记录是片面的，故 D项正
确。
6．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”
和“...only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to
read not just the texts，but the objects”可知，我们所看到的历史资料，只是真实历史的一半，
想要了解另一半的历史，就需要结合物品，所以conversation指的是“历史”，故B项正确。
7．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B．A Short History of Australia.
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D．How Art Works Tell Stories.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history...you cannot do it through
texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while...”结合最后一段的“If
we are to find...not just the texts，but the objects.”可知，本文讲述了要更好地了解历史，就要
将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选
C。
C(★)Eric Ravilious was one of the greatest watercolorists of the 20th century，loved for his
paintings of famous English landmarks.While he was a master painter and designer，his another
great role was as a war artist.Among the finest and most productive of his generation，he died
while on active duty during World War Ⅱ.2022 marks the 80th anniversary of his death，which
raises the question：What makes a great war artist?
Ravilious’s war art is famous for its innocence and purity.Ravilious’s soft colors，cartoon-
like figures，tranquil tide pools and sky ease the apparent danger and threat on the battle
field.Staying true to his style was one of Ravilious’s greatest strengths.From his paintings we can
see his firm control of the watercolor，his calm expression and attention to detail，showing his
extraordinary insight and expression.He did not focus on style，but rather on his attitude and way
of expression.He added a strong personal touch to the themes.That is why he is great.He often
worked in very dangerous situations：sometimes painting on the deck of a military ship with
fighters flying overhead or moving at such speed that his paints might be flying everywhere.
One of his friends said，“His war paintings are very much like children’s description of
war.I saw a lot of paintings by refugee(难民) children and adults in Iraq.They are very similar to
Eric Ravilious’s paintings.In their respective ways，they all describe war in an innocent and
almost naïve(幼稚的) manner.In fact，the cruelty of war cannot be understood by everyone
because it is in human and in humane.” He concludes，“Seen in this light，what Eric Ravilious
did enables us to look at war with a calm mind.This is truly special.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃里克·拉维利乌斯是20世纪最伟大的水彩
画画家之一，同时他也是一位战争艺术家。
8．What does the underlined word “tranquil” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Broad. B．Peaceful.
C．Dangerous. D．Extraordinary.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前句“Ravilious’s war art is famous for its innocence
and purity.”及画线词下文“ease the apparent danger and threat on the battle field”可知，拉维
利乌斯的战争艺术(作品)因其纯真和纯粹而知名，他的作品中有柔和的色彩、卡通般的人物、
宁静的潮汐池和天空，可以帮助缓解战场上的危险与威胁。由此可知，tranquil为“宁静
的”之意。故选B。
9．What makes Ravilious a great war artist?
A．His painting theme.
B．His innocence and purity.
C．His control of the watercolor.
D．His attitude and strong personal style.
答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Staying true to his style was one of Ravilious’s greatest
strengths.”和“He did not focus on style，but rather on his attitude and way of expression.He
added a strong personal touch to the themes.That is why he is great.”可知，拉维利乌斯的态度
和强烈的个人风格让他成为伟大的战争艺术家。故选D。
10．How are Eric Ravilious’s paintings similar to children’s paintings?
A．They described war in a similar manner.
B．They could only be understood by children.
C．They were painted in similar shades of color.
D．They helped people to know the cruelty of war.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“His war paintings are very much like children’s
description of war...they all describe war in an innocent and almost naïve(幼稚的) manner.”可知，
拉维利乌斯的画和儿童画相似之处在于它们以类似的方式描述战争。故选A。
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．War Art：Cruel Beauty
B．War Art：Pure and Innocent
C．Eric Ravilious：A Great War Artist
D．Eric Ravilious：An Innocent Man
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容及全文可知，文章主要介绍了埃里克·拉维利乌斯是20
世纪最伟大的水彩画画家之一，同时他也是一位战争艺术家。由此可知，“Eric Ravilious：
A Great War Artist”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Sustainability for kids can start with a seed.We put together some ways to involve the whole
family in protecting the environment.
Go on a hike.Parental involvement in early childhood education looks different in various
settings from preschool to home and to the grocery store. 1 Going on a hike together can be an
ideal thing to investigate a local ecosystem，look for signs of the changing season，and gain an
overall appreciation of the world outdoors.Plus，by bringing an extra garbage bag and gloves to
pick up trash along the way，parents can show kids some educational activities.
Go green for holidays.Make holidays fun while also supporting a green environment for
kids.Use LED lights for decorative lighting. 2 Decrease your carbon footprint and purchase
holiday gifts from local shops.
3 Parents don’t need an acre of land to teach their children that food doesn’t grow at
the grocery store.All they need is sunlight，water and dirt.A windowsill is the perfect spot to grow
herbs.A back deck can grow beautiful tomatoes.Plant peach seeds in a small container. 4Recycle together.Recycling activities for kids can be fun and support family involvement in
education at the same time. 5 Then work with them to make something new out of the recycled
items，such as making boxes out of recycled cardboard and storage tins out of recycled cans.
A．Plant a “garden”．
B．Don’t buy food from the grocery.
C．Protecting the environment for kids is important.
D．Parents should tell children what they can recycle.
E．And the children can watch a little peach tree grow.
F．Recycle Christmas trees instead of throwing them away.
G．To a child，every setting and every moment can be a teachable one.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家长与孩子一起参与环保的四个方法。
1．答案 G
解析 空前一句说明父母可以在不同的环境中教育孩子，G项“对孩子来说，每一个环境和
每一个时刻都是能学(东西)的”承接上文。故选G。
2．答案 F
解析 上文“Go green for holidays.”说明在假期进行的活动要绿色环保，F项“回收圣诞树，
而不是扔掉它们”具体介绍假期时的绿色环保的行为，呼应上文。故选F。
3．答案 A
解析 空处位于段首，为本段主旨句，应概括本段内容。根据下文内容可知，父母可以教给
孩子不需要太多的土地就可以在家中的不同地方种植不同的植物，并列举了药草、西红柿和
桃树的例子。A项“种植一个‘园圃’”可以概括本段内容，符合题意。故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 上文“Plant peach seeds in a small container.”说明可以让孩子在小的容器内种下桃树
种子，E项中peach tree是关键词，E项“孩子们可以看着一棵小桃树长大”承接上文，符
合题意。故选E。
5．答案 D
解析 空前一句说明父母可以带孩子进行回收活动，空后一句说明具体的回收活动方式，D
项中recycle是关键词，D项“父母应该告诉孩子他们可以回收什么”承上启下，故选D。
