文档内容
1．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员
2．gravity n．重力；严重性；严肃
3．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
4．cupboard n．壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
5．ceiling n．天花板；上限
6．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
carry out a mission执行任务
7．creature n．动物，生物；人
8．mosquito n．(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos)蚊子
9．microscope n．显微镜
10．maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持
11．radiation n．辐射，放射线
12．luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
13．tube n．管，管子；软管
14．furthermore adv.此外，再者
15．pill n．药丸，药片
16．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
17．leisure n．闲暇，空闲
leisure time业余时间
at sb’s leisure在某人闲暇时
18．crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
19．altogether adv.完全；总共；总之
20．kit n．成套设备，成套工具；配套元件
21．telescope n．望远镜
22．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
23．orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行 n．(天体等运行的)轨道24．astronomer n．天文学家
25．merely adv.仅仅，只不过
26．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政
27．agency n．机构；代理处
28．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
be comprised of...由……组成
29．scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n．扫描检查；快速查阅
30．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
31．purse n．资金，财源；钱包
32．tale n．故事；讲述，叙述
33．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
34．hydrogen n．氢，氢气
35．rocket n．火箭；火箭武器
36．motive n．原因，动机，目的
a motive for...……的动机
37．mechanic n．机械师，技工
38．shelter n．居住，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
39．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的
40．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
41．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；估价
42．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝
光
43．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的→visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地
44．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n．永久性，持久性；永久
45．universe n．宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的
46．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原著；
原作→originally adv.原来，起初
the origin of...……的起源
47．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁
地
48．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入
49．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算，运算；预测→calculator n．计算
器
It is calculated that...据估算……
50．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括
51．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信→incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的
52．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
53．cast new light on使进一步了解……
54．plain to see显而易见的
55．lay the foundation for为……打下基础
56．come to an end结束
57．at a time每次
58．a huge amount of大量的
59．long to do 渴望做……
60．make sense of弄清楚/弄明白……
61．Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t
float around.(so that引导目的状语从句)
由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。
62．It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds
don’t bother us any more.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)
尝试背部没有压力地入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
63．Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as
引导让步状语从句)
尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
64．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that
it orbits the Sun.(强调句)
正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。
1．absence n．[C] & [U]缺席；不在某处；[U]缺乏→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在
焉的→absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的
·absence of mind心不在焉
in one’s absence＝in the absence of sb某人不在时
·be absent from不参加；缺席
2.bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难
bother doing/to do sth费心做某事
can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
bother with/about sth花费时间/精力(做某事)；为某事烦恼
bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人
It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是……3．occupy vt.占领；使用，占用；居住；使忙于→occupied adj.使用中的；忙于
→occupation n．工作；职业；占领
·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
·be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
4.circumstance n．条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
in/under no circumstances决不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话
5.vital adj.对……极重要的；必不可少的
be vital for/to sth对……极为重要
be of vital importance to...对……至关重要
It is vital to do...做……很重要。
It is vital that sb (should) do sth.某人做某事是极其重要的。
6.assistant n．助手，助理；助教；售货员 adj.辅助的；助理的；副的→assist v．帮助；协
助；援助→assistance n．援助，帮助；辅助设备
·assist sb with sth/in doing sth/to do sth帮助某人(做)某事
·with the assistance of在……的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人
7.in view of鉴于，考虑到
·in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来
have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览
come into view进入视野，映入眼帘
·view...as...把……看作……
8.why引导表语从句
That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
·This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因)
·This/That is the reason why...这/那就是……的原因。(why引导的从句表示结果)
·The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导的是定语从句)
1．我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I ’ m writing to apologize to you for being absent from/my absence from your birthday party last
weekend.
2．我过去总是麻烦您为我做很多事情，但您从来不对我不耐烦。(应用文写作之感谢信)I used to bother you to do many things for me ， but you were never impatient with me.
3．业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。(应用文写作之申请
信)
In my spare time ， I have been occupied with my oral English so I speak English fluently.
4．在任何情况下我们都不应屈服于任何困难。(读后续写之主旨升华)(倒装句型)
Under no circumstances should we submit (ourselves) to any difficulties.
5．如果我们要在环境保护方面有所作为，从小事做起是至关重要的。(应用文写作之倡议
书)
If we are to make a difference in environmental protection， it ’ s vital that we (should) begin with
small things.
6．有时我会失去信心，但幸运的是，我最好的朋友一直鼓励我说：“你绝不应该半途而废。
我会一直帮助你的。”(应用文写作之人物介绍)
At times I will lose heart，but luckily my best friend encourages me all the time，saying，“At
no time should you give up halfway.I will always come to your assistance/I will assist you all the
time.”
7．①尽管这个礼物不值多少钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的
爱。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句型)
Although the present isn’t worth much，I value it very much.From my point of view/In my
view ， it ’ s the love contained in it that really counts/matters.
②孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的教育家和思想家之一。(2023·全国甲，短文投稿)
Confucius is viewed as one of the greatest educators and thinkers in ancient China.
8．他总是尽其所能参与他们所做的任何事情。这就是为什么没有一个孩子认为大卫决定加
入越野赛队是不寻常的。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of
the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共6分)
1．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
2．gravity n．重力；严重性；严肃
3．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政
4．maintenance n．维护；维持
5．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员
6．luxury n． 不常有的乐趣 ( 或享受 ) ；奢侈品
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)1．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
2．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
3．scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n．扫描检查；快速查阅
4．crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
5．orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行 n．(天体等运行的)轨道
6．shelter n．居住，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
7．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
8．vital adj.对……极重要的；必不可少的
9．circumstance n．条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
10．bother vt.使烦恼；使担心；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)
1．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n．永久性，持久性；永久
2．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的
3．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入
4．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝
光
5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆
盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括
6．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算，运算；预测→calculator n．计算器
Ⅳ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．at sb’s leisure在某人闲暇时
2．with the assistance of 在 …… 的帮助下
3．lay the foundation for 为 …… 打下基础
4．at a time 每次
5．a huge amount of大量的
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2，共12分)
1．As an assistant，he assisted the professor in carrying out the project.And without his
assistance，it couldn’t have been completed on time.(assist)
2．We need to evaluate ourselves，our values，our strengths and so on because objective
evaluations will benefit us.(evaluate)
3．He is always absent from class，and his absence makes his head teacher angry.(absent)
4．I am occupied with my occupation，which occupies most of my time every day.(occupy)
5．Tom used to be a frequent customer to our store，but he doesn’t come here as frequently
these days.(frequent)6．I don’t know about the origin of life on the Earth，but I’m sure life on the Earth must have
gone through a long original period.(origin)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)
1．In view of the shortage of time，each person can only speak for 5 minutes.
2．What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make sense of it.
3．All good things must come to an end，however beautiful an experience it is.
4．Honestly speaking，his passion for the piano is plain to see，but his family can’t afford the
fee.
5．His opinion cast new light on the problem and they began to change their original strategy.
6．The boy and his brother were trapped in the ruins.In the circumstances，they kept calm and
waited for the rescuers.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．我会慢慢说，以便你能理解我的意思。(so that)
I ’ ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
2．重要的是，你应该知道自己的优缺点。(It is＋adj.＋that)
It is important that you should know your strengths and weaknesses.
3．尽管这项活动具有挑战性，但每个人都很喜欢它，所有的参与者都从中受益很多。(as引
导让步状语从句)
Challenging as the activity was，everyone enjoyed it and all the participants benefited a lot from it.
4．他没有按时交作业。那就是他被老师惩罚的原因。(why引导表语从句)
He didn’t hand in his homework on time.That was why he was punished by his teacher.
5．是你及时的鼓励和慷慨的帮助使我度过了那段艰难的时光。(强调句)
It was your timely encouragement and generous help that made me go through the tough time.
Ⅳ.语法填空 文中加黑词汇为本单元词汇(每小题1.5分，共15分)
There is a heated debate about whether space and universe are worth exploring.
Some people believe that space 1.exploration(explore) demands huge investment，and does
nothing 2.to enhance(enhance) the quality of our lives.But others ， especially
3.astronauts(astronaut)，don’t agree.Living in space is their dream.They expect to finish their
mission though it is 4.challenging(challenge)．Due to the absence of gravity，they have to
attach 5.themselves(they) in order not to float around.They 6.are occupied(occupy) in conducting
research and evaluating the effects of low gravity on creatures.For a spacewalk，they must put
7.on their spacesuits to protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation.In view of the
low-gravity environment,8.it is a luxury to eat fresh food.Sometimes they must take pills to
ensure a 9.balanced(balance) supply of nutrients.The results of these space explorations have made
major contributions to 10.an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the
universe and it can also motivate the young to become the scientists of the future.1．occupy
(1)The bed seemed to occupy most of the room. B
(2)Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg ，occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening
dreams.(2023·全国甲) C
(3)She occupied herself with routine office tasks. A
2．shelter
A.n.躲避处；避难所 B.n.居所；住处 C.n.保护；掩蔽；庇护 D.vt.掩蔽；保护 E.vi.躲
避；避难
(1)They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree. C
(2)The sun beat down，so we sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun. E
(3)Over the past few years，many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their
solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators，resulting in soil improvement and
carbon reduction.(2023·浙江1月) A
(4)Food，clothing，fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs. B
(5)Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms. D
1．Apparently，the speed of light is an important constant. n . 常数
2．She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move，but she decided to take
the chance. v . 认为
假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，为使学生了解更多的航天知识，你校决定举行一
次关于航天科学的讲座，请用英语写一则书面通知，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间、地点；
2.讲座的目的及内容；
3.希望同学们踊跃参加。
完成句子
1．鉴于越来越多的学生对太空知识表现出极大的兴趣，本周五下午两点将在学校礼堂举行一场以太空科学为主题的讲座。(in view of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．本讲座主要由三部分组成，第一部分将对我国航天飞行的历史和最近的发射进行新的阐
述。(cast new light on，“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．更好地了解我国航天事业的发展对我们来说具有重要的意义。(vital，it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．由同样的专家展示的第二部分将涉及相关的科学效益，如为某些疾病的治疗奠定基础。
(lay the foundation for，过去分词短语作定语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．最后也是最关键的部分是参与者可以提出他们感兴趣的问题。(incredibly，crucial，表语
从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．欢迎任何有意了解更多太空知识的同学参加本次讲座。(motive；定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Notice
In view of more and more students’ showing great interest in space knowledge，a lecture
with the theme of space science will be held in the school hall at 2 o’clock this Friday afternoon.
The lecture mainly consists of three parts，the first part of which will cast new light on the
history of space flights as well as recent launch in our country.It is of vital significance for us to
have a better understanding of the development of aerospace industry in our country.The second
part presented by the same experts will deal with the related scientific benefits，such as laying
the foundation for the cure for some illnesses.The last but incredibly crucial part is that
participants can raise questions they are curious about.Anyone who has a motive for learning more about space is highly welcome to take part in
the lecture.
The Student Council
教材语料整合
[情感描写] absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 mission n．任务；使命，
天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 leisure n．闲
亮词 暇，空闲 crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 merely adv.仅仅，只不过
incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信
[动作描写] bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
1.First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and
protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out，and
sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time，with the beautiful Earth visible
below.(动作描写)
2.Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you
might think.(事物描写)
美句
3.During our leisure time，there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with
the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for
our family and friends back home.(动作＋场景描写)
4.It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and
ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to
be made.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：哭泣(一)
1.weep v．哭泣 2.water v．流泪 3.sob v．呜咽 4.moan v．呻吟
单词 5.sniffle v．抽泣
6.wail/bawl v．放声大哭
1.be bathed in tears泪流满面 2.fight/hold back tears抑制住眼泪 3.be in
floods of tears泪如泉涌
4.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来 5.shed tears of joy流下喜悦
词块
的泪水 6.choke up哽咽
7.cry one’s eyes/heart out悲痛欲绝 8.cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤
独的泪水9.sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.
简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。(with复合结构)
2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.
比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。
句型 3.Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t
realize that at all.
她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗一点也没有意识到这一切。
4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him.
塞西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。
语料运用 参加宇航员选拔
In order to be chosen as an astronaut，Susan worked out and devoted herself to studying
hard.However，①to her disappointment，she failed to pass the test.At the disappointing news，
② she sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands(with 复合结构)．Seeing their daughter
③bathed in tears(分词短语作宾补)，her parents were heartbroken.They tended her with great
care and ④determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence.With the help and
encouragement of her parents，eventually Susan made it.When getting the exciting news，Susan
⑤whispered with tears in her eyes，“Thank you，Dad and Mom.⑥It is you that/who have
carried me through the tough situation(强调句式)．” The next few minutes witnessed the family
hugged together，⑦shedding tears of joy(现在分词短语作状语)．
为了被选为宇航员，苏珊锻炼身体，专心学习。然而，令她失望的是，她没有通过考试。
听到这个令人失望的消息，她双手掩面啜泣。看到女儿泪流满面，她的父母伤心欲绝。他们
悉心照料她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心。在父母的帮助和鼓励下，苏珊最终成功了。当听
到这个激动人心的消息时，苏珊眼里含着泪水低声说：“谢谢你们，爸爸妈妈。是你们使我
渡过了难关。”在接下来的几分钟里，一家人紧紧地拥抱在一起，流下了喜悦的泪水。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Around the country and around the world，there is no shortage of human suffering.Poverty，
disease，violence，hurricanes，wildfire and more are constantly troubling humanity，and even
our best efforts thus far can’t address all of everybody’s needs.Many are looking for places to
cut funding，and one of the first places that comes up in conversation is excessive spending on
space exploration.What good is it to conduct microgravity experiments repeatedly when childrenare starving？Why launch so many space-related projects when nuclear war threatens our planet?
This is a line of thinking that has been coming up throughout history.Yes ，it’s short-
sighted，in that it fails to recognize that our greatest problems require long-term investment，and
that society’s greatest advances come about through hard work，research，development of
decades after that is made.Investing in science is investing in the betterment of humanity.
Over these years，much of the results of the space research have been adapted to be
applicable to our daily lives.For example，NASA’s advancements in the area of robotics have
given manufacturers an additional basis for the development of more advanced artificial
limbs.Additionally，certain nutritional enrichment ingredients(成分) that were developed by
NASA have been integrated into baby food formula.
Space technology has also helped improve economies.Within the next three years，the space
exploration and space tourism industry are expected to be valued at 3 trillion USD.It is true that for
every dollar we spend on the space program，the US economy receives about $8 of economic
benefit.Space exploration can also serve as a motivation for children to enter the fields of science
and engineering.
To many people，the idea of space travel may still seem far from practical.However，I
believe that it is important that we keep going forward or we’ll risk delaying further discoveries
and technological advancements that will be beneficial for us.
1．According to paragraph 1，what do some people think of space exploration?
A．Useless. B．Wasteful.
C．Beneficial. D．Harmful.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many are looking for places to cut funding，and one of
the first places that comes up in conversation is excessive spending on space exploration.”可知，
一些人认为太空探索是浪费资源的。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．The advance. B．The development.
C．The investment. D．The problem.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据第二段中“it fails to recognize that our greatest problems require long-
term investment” 及 “Investing in science is investing in the betterment of humanity.”可知，
画线词前后都在讲投资的重要性，故that在这里指代的是“investment”。故选C。
3．How does NASA’s advancements contribute to the development of artificial limbs?
A．By providing a foundation.
B．By adding certain materials.C．By acting as a driving force.
D．By helping realize the mass production.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example，NASA’s advancements in the area of
robotics have given manufacturers an additional basis for the development of more advanced
artificial limbs.”可知，美国宇航局的进步对假肢的发展提供了一个基础。basis与foundation
同义。故选A。
4．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Space programs are of great benefit to us.
B．Space travel appears to be within people’s reach.
C．More and more children are interested in science.
D．New technological discoveries have been delayed.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Space technology has also helped improve economies.”
及最后一段中的“However，I believe that it is important that we keep going forward or we’ll
risk delaying further discoveries and technological advancements that will be beneficial for us.”可
推知，太空计划对我们大有裨益。故选A。
B
A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery：
EpiPens might cease to function normally in space.
EpiPens，the auto-injectors(注射器) that deliver life-saving medicine called epinephrine，
help with severe allergic(过敏) reactions.The epinephrine opens up airways，maintains heat
function and blood pressure and calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.
The students working on Program for Gifted Learners(PGL) ，were curious about how
radiation in space would affect the molecular(分子) structure of epinephrine.As part of a NASA
initiative called “Cubes in Space，” which launches science experiments students come up
with，they sent two cubes with samples of both pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution into space，
one on a rocket and the other on a balloon.With the cubes too small to hold an entire EpiPen the
students had consulted with Paul Mayer，a chemist at University of Ottawa and eventually figured
out a way to get the EpiPen solution into a specially-made bottle.
The samples were analyzed in a lab before and after returning to Earth.The team found the
pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure—the other 13 percent had turned into
poisonous chemicals.And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples.
Mayer was skeptical at first that the samples would show any signs of decomposition，but he
was blown away by the “dramatic” results.“It’s brilliant，” he tells Global News.“The
first part of doing science is asking the right questions，and they asked a fantastic question.”The students’ findings could have real-world implications for space travel and astronauts’
safety.Excited to have made such a groundbreaking discovery ，the students plan to do the
experiment again to check their results.They’re also working on designing a capsule to protect the
EpiPen solution in space.
“You feel like you’re making a real change，” says student Benjamin Sum，who wants
to build rockets when he grows up.“It feels like it’s just adults.But kids can actually be
involved.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。加拿大一群学生在一个学校科学项目中做出了一个重要发现：
EpiPens可能在太空中停止正常工作。
5．What can EpiPens do for human allergic reaction?
A．Cure it for good.
B．Detect its early signs.
C．Stimulate it in time.
D．Relieve it temporarily.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The epinephrine opens up airways，maintains heat
function and blood pressure and calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.”可知，
EpiPens有助于暂时缓解过敏反应。故选D。
6．Why were the samples of pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution launched into space?
A．To break down the epinephrine.
B．To test epinephrine’s effectiveness.
C．To integrate innovation into clinical study.
D．To confirm they can stand space environments.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句以及第四段可以推理出把纯肾上腺素和EpiPen溶液
样本发射到太空的目的是测试肾上腺素的有效性。故选B。
7．What quality of the students impresses Mayer most?
A．Their spirit of commitment.
B．Their unity and teamwork.
C．Their spirit of scientific inquiry.
D．Their sincerity and integrity.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The first part of doing science is asking the right
questions，and they asked a fantastic question.”可知，Mayer对学生们印象最深的品质是他们
的科学探究精神。故选C。8．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Kids Find out EpiPens May Not Work in Space
B．PGL：A Program Devoted to Astronomy Research
C．Scientists Team up with Pupils for Space Exploration
D．EpiPens：An Advanced Device Applied to Save Lives
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A school science project by a group of students
in Canada has led to an important discovery：EpiPens might cease to function normally in
space.”可知，本文最佳标题应为“孩子们发现EpiPens在太空中可能不起作用”。故选
A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·山东德州统考模拟)
Anger is the most destructive emotion.When you are in a temper，you make hasty ill-
considered decisions that you will probably regret.You will also regret reckless language spoken
without thought. 1 Here are some ways that you can combat the causes of anger.
2 You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always
lovely.Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and
angry.Often，there might be an excellent reason why a person acted in a way that you found
unacceptable.
Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. 3 Neither will
they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation.
Reacting angrily is a hard habit to break.The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a
situation that usually angers.Anger is a negative reaction，but in this type of situation，there is no
value in reacting by forming positive thoughts. 4 This way，your anger will not get the
emotional food it needs to survive.
Don’t take the easy way when you get angry.We all get tempted to throw something，hit
something，or scream when we are angry.You might say you feel better after an angry outburst，
but that is just the after-effect of the adrenalin(肾上腺素) your body released while you were
angry.A reaction like that is the easy way.It is much harder to stay calm，to walk away from
conflict，or to take a deep breath and act normally. 5
A．Stop trying to manage your anger.
B．What can be done to control anger?
C．You need to learn not to respond at all.
D．That，however，is what you must do if you are to stop anger.
E．You need to change your attitude to the way the world works.
F．Taking positive steps will help you overcome feelings of anger.G．Also，you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you.
1．答案 B
解析 空处是过渡句，根据空格前后句可知，由生气的坏处过渡到如何克服愤怒，所以B
项“What can be done to control anger？(怎样才能控制愤怒呢？)”符合语境。故选B。
2．答案 E
解析 空处是本段的中心句，本段后文主要讲述了你不得不接受有时问题会出现，而且人们
也并不一直是亲切友善的，即你需要改变你对世界运作方式的态度。故选E。
3．答案 G
解析 根据设空处前后句可知，本段主要讲述了不要用自己的标准去看待他人，G项
“Also，you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you.”承上启下。故选
G。
4．答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，本段主要讲述了不要在愤怒的情况下做出反应，所以C项“You need
to learn not to respond at all.”符合本段主题且与下文This way相呼应。故选C。
5．答案 D
解析 D项“That，however，is what you must do if you are to stop anger.”和前文构成转折关
系，总结前文。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空
If you’ve never experienced the embarrassment of having your card declined at a grocery
store checkout，consider yourself very lucky.
Jason Boudreaux was not so 1 during a recent trip to Cade’s Market.Jason，a former
2 who now works as a sales manager，had just deposited(储存) his paycheck an hour before he
3 at the store to pick up some seafood.
4 with depositing checks，Jason didn’t realize that the funds wouldn’t be available
right away.Just before it was his 5 at the register，he’d been 6 with the man behind
him.When his card got declined for the $30 purchase，the man he talked with paid for him.
Jason 7 a photo of him and the man on a social networking website， 8 by the
touching words，“This gentleman said ‘I got you.’I said ‘No，you don’t have to.’He
9 ，‘No problem.I got you.’”
Jason was so excited about the man’s 10 that he didn’t manage to catch his hero’s
11 .Jason’s post continued，“This guy just 12 for a complete stranger.He should be 13
.”
Jason said he was fully 14 to put on his detective hat and spend time tracking the man
down，but with a friend’s help，he found the man 15 .The man is Kevin Jones，a father-
of-three who drives a truck for a living.Now，they’re friends who feel as close as family.语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jason Boudreaux在市场遭遇无法支付的尴
尬，一位陌生男士挺身而出帮他付了钱。他很感激，将照片和信息发布到社交网站上，并在
朋友的帮助下很快找到了好心人。
1．A.proud B．confident
C．fortunate D．happy
答案 C
解析 与前文“lucky”相呼应，这里应是同义词表达“fortunate”，用在句中表达“Jason
Boudreaux同样遭遇了尴尬，却没有那么幸运”。故选C。
2．A.manager B．salesman
C．detective D．headmaster
答案 C
解析 根据后文“put on his detective hat and spend time tracking the man down”可知，他之
前是个侦探。故选C。
3．A.rested B．ate
C．disappeared D．stopped
答案 D
解析 “stop at＋某地”，固定短语，意为“停在某处”。故选D。
4．A.Impatient B．Unfamiliar
C．Careful D．Strict
答案 B
解析 根据后文“Jason didn’t realize that the funds wouldn’t be available right away”可知，
他对支票的使用方式不熟悉。故选B。
5．A.turn B．attempt
C．chance D．effort
答案 A
解析 固定句型it’s one’s turn...，意为“轮到某人……”。故选A。
6．A.competing B．comparing
C．meeting D．chatting
答案 D
解析 与后文“talked with”相呼应，这里应是“chatting”。故选D。
7．A.found B．posted
C．selected D．developed
答案 B
解析 根据后文“on a social networking website”可知，他将自己和那位提供帮助的男士的照片发布到了社交网站。故选B。
8．A.accompanied B．clarified
C．confirmed D．simplified
答案 A
解析 根据后文的“the touching words”可知，这些文字是与照片一起发布出来的。
“accompanied by”，意为“连同，配上”。故选A。
9．A.predicted B．interrupted
C．responded D．complained
答案 C
解析 根据后文“No problem.I got you.”是这位男士当时的回答。故选C。
10．A.courage B．kindness
C．honesty D．honor
答案 B
解析 根据前文“the man he talked with paid for him”可知，那位男士主动帮助了Jason，
Jason为男士的善良而激动。故选B。
11．A.job B．face
C．age D．name
答案 D
解析 根据后文“This guy”可知，Jason还不知道那位男士的名字。故选D。
12．A.stepped forward B．backed off
C．moved on D．set out
答案 A
解析 step forward走向前，站出来；back off后退；move on继续前进；set out出发。根据
前文“the man he talked with paid for him”可知，那位男士主动帮助Jason，为了一个陌生人
走上前来帮忙付钱。故选A。
13．A.trusted B．helped
C．recognized D．invited
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，Jason认为那位男士为陌生人“挺身而出”的善良行为值得大家的认
可。故选C。
14．A.satisfied B．prepared
C．careful D．curious
答案 B
解析 “be fully prepared to do sth”，固定短语，意为“做好充分的准备做某事”。故选
B。15．A.seriously B．secretly
C．randomly D．quickly
答案 D
解析 根据前文“spend time tracking the man down”和but可知，Jason都准备花费些时间找
到那位帮助他的男士了，而在朋友的帮助下，并没有花费很多时间，说明他很快找到了。故
选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Since the first line in 2008，China’s high-speed railway 1. (symbolize) a
country’s economic power，and increasing prosperity.By the end of 2020，the country had more
than 37,900 km of high-speed rail lines 2. service.China is also among the first in the
world 3. (introduce) new technology such as autonomous train operation.
China is most likely to construct the first super-high-speed railway line 4.___________ allows
trains to travel up to 1,000 km per hour between Shanghai and Hangzhou.The 150-kilometer
railway is likely to bring the Hyperloop concept which was originally proposed in 2013 into
5.___________(real)．So far，scientists have evaluated six proposals with the most suitable
construction conditions.Two wealthy cities in 6. eastern coastal area finally stood
out.The super-high-speed transport system uses the most 7. (advance) techniques to
transport passengers and goods.It is reported that the two coastal cities 8. (identify)
as the most suitable in the last conference due to their strong economic activities.The project will
provide significant economic potential 9. help China maintain its leading position in
high-speed railway technology.
Several other 10. (candidate) have also been considered.Apart from constructing
high-speed railroads in the country，China also plans to build several others to connect the country
with its neighbors.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自2008年第一条高铁开通以来，中国的高铁
已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。截至2020年底，全国高铁运营里程超过
3.79万公里。中国也是世界上最早引进自动驾驶列车等新技术的国家之一。
1．答案 has symbolized
解析 考查动词的时态。根据上文since可知应用现在完成时，主语为China’s high-speed
railway，助动词用has。故填has symbolized。
2．答案 in
解析 考查介词。此处为短语in service表示“在运行中”。故填in。
3．答案 to introduce
解析 考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
4．答案 that解析 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词super-high-speed railway line，在从句中作主语，
指物，且由序数词修饰，只能用that。故填that。
5．答案 reality
解析 考查名词。作介词的宾语，应用名词reality，不可数。故填reality。
6．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。in the eastern coastal area意为“在(中国)东部沿海地区”。故填the。
7．答案 advanced
解析 考查形容词。修饰后文名词应用形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。
8．答案 were identified
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。在 that引导的主语从句中，主语cities与谓语
identify构成被动关系，结合语境可知用一般过去时，主语为cities，谓语用复数。故填were
identified。
9．答案 and
解析 考查连词。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
10．答案 candidates
解析 考查名词的复数。可数名词 candidate由Several other修饰，应用复数形式。故填
candidates。
Ⅴ.读后续写微写作
The Bicycle
When I was nine I needed to earn some money，so I asked Mr Miceli，the newspaper
publisher in my Chicago neighbourhood，about an after-school paper route.He agreed only if I had
a bicycle.
My dad bought me a used bike，but right after that he fell ill and couldn’t teach me to
ride.Mr Miceli，however，merely asked to see the bike.So I walked to his garage，showed it to
him and got the job.
At first，I filled my delivery bag with rolled papers over the handlebars and walked my bike
down the sidewalks.But pushing a bike with a load of papers was awkward；after a few days I
borrowed Mom’s two-wheeled shopping cart.
It took me longer to make my deliveries by cart，but I didn’t mind.I sent each paper to its
proper destination.In rain or snow，I put Dad’s old raincoat over the cart to keep the papers dry.I
got to meet everyone in the neighborhood—working-class people of Italian，German or Polish
origins who were invariably kind to me.
When Dad returned from the hospital，he was too weak to resume his original job.Now we
needed every penny we could raise to pay bills，so we sold the bike.Mr Miceli must have known I
wasn’t using a bike，but he said nothing about it to me.
On the Thursday evening before Christmas,1951，I rang my first customer’s doorbell.Eventhough the lights were on，nobody answered，so I went on to the next house.No answer，nor did
anyone respond at the next family on my route，or the one after.
I was very worried；I had to pay for my papers every Friday.And while it was almost
Christmas，I never thought that everyone would be out shopping.So I was very happy when，
going up the walkway to Mr Miceli’s house，I heard music and voices.I rang the bell.
范文补全
The door flew open，and Mr Miceli dragged me inside.1.Jammed in his living room
were all my subscribers(完全倒装句，他的客厅里挤满了我的订户)！In the center of the
room，I saw a new bicycle，a canvas bag packed with colorful envelopes on its handlebar.“A
Christmas present our best paper boy ！ ” Mr Miceli said.2. Sensing my confusion ， he
continued(现在分词短语作状语，察觉到我的困惑，他继续说道)，“We’ve all seen you in
the rain and snow with that little shopping cart，so we suppose you ought to have a bicycle.”
3. Deeply touched ， I felt tears of gratitude filling my eyes (深深地被感动了，我感觉到感激的泪
水充满了我的双眼)．
After walking the bicycle home，I opened those envelopes.4.They held Christmas cards
from every subscriber ， along with their subscription fees and tips (它们里面有每位订户寄来的贺
卡，以及订阅费和小费)．Kindness did not end there，though.The next day，when I got to Mr
Miceli’s garage，he was waiting outside.“Bring your bike tomorrow morning，and I’ll teach
you to ride，” he offered.When I felt comfortable on a bike，Mr Miceli asked me to deliver a
second route.5. Delivering both routes on my new bike ， I really appreciated the kind Chicagoans ’
love and support(骑着我的新自行车给两条路线送报纸，我真的很感谢芝加哥人的爱和支持)．
