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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．oxygen n．氧气
2．port n．港，港口
3．alcohol n．酒精
4．rubber n．橡胶，合成橡胶
5．cotton n．棉布，棉纱
6．cotton wool药棉，脱脂棉
7．submarine n．潜(水)艇
8．chapter n．章节
9．helmet n．头盔，钢盔
10．nut n．坚果(仁)
11．vibration n．震颤，震动
12．atom n．原子
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．thus adv.因此，从而
2．zone n．地区，地带
3．border n．国界，边界
4．confirm v．证实，证明
5．attempt n．努力，尝试
6．bandage n．绷带
7．guideline n．指导方针，指导原则
8．cloth n．布
9．liquid n．液体，液态物
10．injury n．伤，损害
11．stretch v．延伸，绵延
12．charge n．主管，负责13．captain n．船长
14．ahead adv.在前面
15．ray n．光线，光束
16．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
17．shore n．岸，滨
18．carpet n．地毯
19．broad adj.宽的，阔的
20．beneath prep.在……之下，在……正下方
21．resident n．居民，住户
22．male n．雄性动物
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→initially adv.最初
2．crowd n．人群 v．使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
3．failure n．失败→fail v．失败
4．psychologist n．心理学家→psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.
心理(学)的
5．thrill n．惊险，刺激 v．使非常兴奋→thrilled adj.非常兴奋的→thrilling adj.令人激动的
→thriller n．惊险小说
6．unaware adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的→aware adj.意识到的；明白的→awareness n．意
识
7．wool n．羊毛，毛织物→woolen(＝woollen) adj.羊毛的；毛料的
8．bleeding n．流血，失血→bleed v．流血→blood n．血
9．servant n．仆人，佣人；职员→serve v．提供(食物)，端上(饭菜)；服务→service n．服
务
10．permit v．允许，准许，许可 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可
11．fascinated adj.被迷住的，被吸引住的→fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住→fascinating adj.有
吸引力的，迷人的
12．relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述→related adj.有关的
13．astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
→astonishment n．吃惊，惊讶
14．consume v．消耗→consumption n．消费；消耗→consumer n．消费者
15．distinguish v．看清；认出；分清→distinguished adj.高贵的；卓越的，杰出的
16．surround v．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
17．wrinkled adj.有皱褶的→wrinkle n．皱纹 v．(使脸上)起皱纹
18．intensity n．(光、声等的)强度→intense adj.强烈的，激烈的19．depth n．深，深度→deep adj.深的 adv.在深处→deepen v．加深；(使)变深
1．shatter /'ʃætə(r)/ vi.& vt.(使)破碎；(使)碎裂
2．toil /tɔIl/ n．苦工；劳累的工作 vi.(长时间)苦干；辛勤劳作
3．surpass /sə'pɑːs/ vt.& vi.超过；胜过；优于
4．barefoot /'beəfʊt/ adj.& adv.赤脚(的)
5．detour /'diːtʊə(r)/ n．绕行的路；兜圈子 vi.& vt.(使)绕道；(使)绕行
6．pause /pɔːz/ vi.暂停；停顿 vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像 n．停顿；停顿的时间
7．pull away from把……甩在身后
8．imbed /Im'bed/ vt.(also embed)把……牢牢地嵌入(或插入、埋入)
9．sentimental /ˌsentI'mentl/ adj.情感的(而非理性的)；多愁善感的
10．insanely /In'seInli/ adv.精神失常地；精神错乱地→insane /In'seIn/ adj.精神失常的；精神
错乱的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．bring...into focus使……成为焦点
2．in broad daylight在大白天
3．make money 赚钱
4．succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
5．figure out弄明白；计算
6．result in导致
7．refer to...as...把……称作……
8．stand for 代表
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Vasco da Gama (1460－1524) was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach
India by sea.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
瓦斯科·达·伽马(1460－1524)是一位葡萄牙探险家，也是第一位从海上到达印度的欧洲人。
2．Christopher Columbus (1451－1506) was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between
Spain and the Americas ， thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the
Americas.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了从西班牙到美洲的航行，从
而标志着欧洲人在美洲探险的开始。
3．For these people，climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other，making some feel
weak and others，powerful.(动名词短语作主语)
对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项独一无二的体验，这让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也
让另外一些人感受到强大。4．Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we
expect to benefit from the result.(suggest that＋从句)
研究还表明，我们对于冒险的渴望与我们期待从中获益多少有关。
5．Captain Nemo walked in front，one of his men following some steps behind.(独立主格结构)
尼摩船长走在前面，他的一个手下在后面几步处跟着。
6．Above me was the calm surface of the sea.(完全倒装)
我头顶上是平静的海面。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．alcohol n．酒精
2．atom n．原子
3．rubber n．橡胶，合成橡胶
4．cotton n．棉布，棉纱
5．submarine n． 潜 ( 水 ) 艇
6．chapter n．章节
7．helmet n．头盔，钢盔
8．nut n． 坚果 ( 仁 )
9．vibration n．震颤，震动
10．oxygen n．氧气
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．thus adv.因此，从而
2．border n．国界，边界
3．confirm v．证实，证明
4．attempt n．努力，尝试
5．injury n．伤，损害
6．charge n．主管，负责
7．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
8．shore n．岸，滨
9．broad adj.宽的，阔的
10．resident n．居民，住户
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→initially adv.最初
2．psychologist n．心理学家→psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的
3．wool n．羊毛，毛织物→woolen/woollen adj.羊毛的；毛料的
4．bleeding n．流血，失血→bleed v．流血→blood n．血
5．servant n．仆人，佣人；职员→serve v．提供(食物)，端上(饭菜)；服务→service n．服
务
6．relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述→related adj.有关的
7．unaware adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的→aware adj.意识到的；明白的→awareness n．意
识
8．surround v．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
9．intensity n．(光、声等的)强度→intense adj.强烈的，激烈的
10．depth n．深，深度→deep adj.深的 adv.在深处→deepen v．加深；(使)变深
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．shatter vi.& vt. ( 使 ) 破碎； ( 使 ) 碎裂
2．surpass vt.& vi.超过；胜过；优于
3．barefoot adj.& adv. 赤脚 ( 的 )
4．sentimental adj. 情感的 ( 而非理性的 ) ；多愁善感的
5．pause vi.暂停；停顿 vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像 n．停顿；停顿的时间
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．bring...into focus 使……成为焦点
2．make money 赚钱
3．succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
4．result in 导致
5．in broad daylight 在大白天
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．The meeting room is quite crowded with crowds of people crowding into it.(crowd)
2．Though the art show failed to attract as many visitors as we had expected，it was far from
being a failure；actually，it was a great success.(fail)
3．He likes reading thrillers and telling thrilling stories because he enjoys the feeling of being
thrilled.(thrill)
4．More and more young consumers are consuming junk food，which is not healthy for people
to consume.So the government should take some effective measures to cut the consumption.
(consume)
5．Her father would not permit her to drive alone even though she had got her driving permit.
Without her father’s permission，she had to go out by bus.(permit)6．It was evident that the boy was fascinated by the fascinating film.(fascinate)
7．To my astonishment，they weren’t astonished at the astonishing news，so I looked at
them in astonishment.(astonish)
8．The writing style of this distinguished novelist can be distinguished from others’ in many
aspects.(distinguish)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．Topics which can be discussed freely within a culture are referred to as “small talk”．
2．The comments on the blog brought the film star into focus these days.
3．What you really need to do is to figure out the reason why you fail in the exam.
4．It is known to us all that blue stands for the ocean on the map.
5．Carelessness will result in poor academic performance at school.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，他也是世界上最伟大的
宇航员之一。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space
but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
2．中国修建了更多的高速公路，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方更容易。(现在分词短语作
结果状语)
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one
place to another.
3．黄皮肤、脸上有皱纹的教授正坐在那里，一些学生围着他。(独立主格结构)
The professor with yellow skin and wrinkled face is sitting there，some students surrounding
him.
4．他的行为表明他不知道友谊的重要性。(suggest that...)
His conduct suggests that he is unaware of the significance of friendship.
5．然后是激动人心的时刻，我们为他们表演了一出自己导演的戏剧。(完全倒装)
Then came the exciting moment when we performed a play directed by ourselves for them.
Our captain，who was in charge of the whole submarine，looked charming and was
1.distinguished(distinguish)．He often got up ahead of time，and no one could go out without
his 2.permission(permit)．What astonished us was 3.that the submarine was often surrounded
by crowds of fish.We 4.usually(usual) dived to the depths of the ocean,5.where we were
fascinated by the beautiful scenery.Sometimes，we were 6.so thrilled that we would be unaware
of the danger，which might bring us some injury.Thus，we 7.took(take) alcohol，bandages，
plasters，thermometers，rubber gloves and cloth，cotton wool in case of unexpectedbleeding.One day，when we made an attempt 8.to go(go) close to the shore，we found that the
broad beach stretched as far as our eyes could reach,9.wrapping(wrap) the sea.10.How
amazing！Turning to our captain，we saw a broad smile spread across his wrinkled face.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
attempt n．& v．企图；试图；尝试，努力 (attempted adj.未遂的)
·make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做……
in an attempt to do sth试图做某事
at the first attempt第一次尝试
·attempt to do...尝试/试图做……
(1)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.
(2)我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但是白费力气，因此，我们深感绝望。
We attempted/made an attempt to make out the way back home in the darkness，but in vain and
thus，we were consumed with sheer despair.
(3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)他们第一次尝试就成功地做出了甜爆米花，真是令人兴奋，
他们的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。然后，为了尽快卖完所有的爆米花，他们甚至挨家挨户地卖
爆米花。
It was really a thrill that they successfully made sweet popcorn at the first attempt and their faces
beamed with a broad smile.Then，in an attempt to sell all the popcorn as soon as possible，they
even sold the popcorn from door to door.
charge n．费用；控告；主管，负责；充电量 v．收费；控告；充电
·free of charge＝for free免费
·take charge of掌管(表动作)
in charge of掌管(表状态)
in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
·charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth指控某人犯……罪
charge sb money for sth因某事/物收某人钱
charge at扑向，冲向
(1)How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?
(2)The man dressed in red was charged with crossing the border illegally.
(3)(应用文写作之议论文)上周，我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
Last week，we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of
charge/for free.(4)(2021·全国甲，书面表达)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。
I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting/A theme class meeting will be in the
charge of me and its purpose is to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
(5)(读后续写之动作链描写)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一
口把我吃掉。
Opening its bloody mouth，the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，charged at me and
was about to eat me up in one gulp.
astonish vt.使惊讶；使吃惊 [astonished adj.感到惊讶的(指人的主观感受) astonishing
adj.令人惊讶的astonishment n．惊讶]
·be astonished at/by sth因某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶
·in astonishment吃惊地
to one’s astonishment让某人惊讶的是
(1)The servant was astonished at the astonishing question in his mind.(astonish)
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)双胞胎非常吃惊地发现，他们第一次尝试做早餐失败了。
The twins were quite astonished to find that their first attempt to cook a breakfast failed.
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)令我惊讶的是，我在写作比赛中获奖了，我激动得一句话也
说不出来。
①To my astonishment，I got awarded in the writing contest and I was too thrilled to utter a word.
②What astonished me/made me astonished was that I got awarded in the writing contest and I was
too thrilled to utter a word.(astonish，主语从句)
(4)(读后续写之心理描写)看到那个场景，我们惊讶地张大了嘴。
Seeing the scene，our mouths dropped open in astonishment.
distinguish v．辨别；看清，认出 (distinguished adj.卓越的；有尊严的)
·distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开
distinguish oneself 使自己扬名
·be distinguished for 因……而出名
be distinguished as作为……而出名
(1)The woman distinguished as a writer for her latest science fiction agreed that reading good
books can teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.
(2)We are fascinated by Lang Ping who has already distinguished herself(she) as a great
volleyball coach in the world.
(3)(2023·全国甲，书面表达)苏轼是中国宋代杰出的作家、诗人、书法家和画家。他因献身于自己的事业和热爱祖国而闻名。
Su Shi was a distinguished Chinese writer ， poet ， calligrapher and painter during the Song
Dynasty.He was distinguished for his dedication to his craft and his love for his country.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do Vasco da Gama(1460－1524) was a Portuguese explorer and
the first European to reach India by sea.瓦斯科·达·伽马(1460－1524)是一位葡萄牙探险家，
也是第一位从海上到达印度的欧洲人。
·当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only，the last，the best
等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
·在time，way，chance，opportunity，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作
后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.
(2)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信
他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He
was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。
毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further
study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.
动名词短语作主语 For these people，climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no
other，making some feel weak and others，powerful.对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一
项独一无二的体验，这让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也让另外一些人感受到强大。
climbing Qomolangma在句中作主语。动名词短语作主语还有以下情况：
·it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.意为“做某事没用。”；It is a waste
of time doing sth.意为“做某事浪费时间。”
·动名词的复合结构：“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing”作主语。
(1)对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。
Having a positive attitude to study is the reason why I respect you.
(2)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道害怕是没用
的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。
Being lost in the forest made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that it was no use being afraid and
finding my way out of the forest was what I had to do right now.
(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
In my opinion，it is a waste of time playing computer games.(4)(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)他考试再次不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。
His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．charge
(1)The young man was charged with attempted murder. B
(2)My father took charge of the company five years ago. A
(3)Have you got your phone charged？It was powered off just now. D
(4)Luckily，the wolf didn’t charge again after I used wolf spray. E
(5)(2023·全国甲)So，it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid
any charges when I’ve moved out. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)With past memories crowding into her mind，she burst into tears.vi.涌上(心头)
(2)Last night the sudden power failure made us at a loss.n.故障，失灵
(3)①He was consumed with guilt after the accident.vt.使强烈地感到
②To my surprise，the boy consumed all the cookies.vt.吃，喝
(4)The girl greeted us with a broad smile，her long hair flowing in the breeze.adj.灿烂的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It astonished (astonish) us that he was stimulated to get rid of the bad habit of staying up late.
2．I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen(strengthen) each other’s
understanding.
3．She is distinguished(distinguish) as a psychologist，who offers frequent help to those
teenagers in trouble.
4 ． Could you tell me what the letters stand for in the popular TV play which is being
broadcast？
5．To the little girl’s excitement，the sculptor charged her nothing for taking a sculpture.
6．The elegant woman succeeded in getting the job she had been dreaming about at her first
attempt.
7．It has been confirmed that he had closed his factory for lack of money.
8．Unaware of what was happening around him，he was on pins and needles.
9．The importance of environmental protection in the neighborhood was brought into focus after
his passionate speech.
10．I will inform you of something related(relate) to the coming exhibition.假定你是李华，你校学生会将组织师生进行一次远足探险活动，请用英语给外教
Jason写一封邮件邀请他一起参加，内容包括：
1.活动时间和地点；
2.注意事项；
3.表达期待。
完成句子
1．学生会将组织一次师生徒步探险活动，我诚挚地邀请您参加。(take charge of)
2．徒步旅行计划于本周六下午2点在学校门口开始，我们将前往美丽的山脉环绕的龙山瀑
布。(surround；过去分词短语作后置定语)
3．总共15千米，我认为你最好穿运动鞋，带足够的食物和水。(figure)
4．随身携带垃圾袋是必要的，这从某种意义上来说有助于生态旅游。(动名词短语作主语；
非限制性定语从句)
5．请不要错过这次参加户外活动的宝贵机会。(to do作定语)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Jason，
I am Li Hua.The Student Council will take charge of a hiking expedition for teachers and
students，so I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in it.
The hike is scheduled to start at 2 p．m.this Saturday at the school gate and we will head for
Longshan Falls surrounded by beautiful mountains.With a total of 15 kilometers，I figure that
you’d better wear sneakers and carry enough food and water with you.In the meantime，carrying
a garbage bag with you is a necessity，which in a way contributes to ecotourism.
Please don’t miss this precious opportunity to take part in this outdoor activity.If interested，
please give me a reply at your earliest convenience.Yours Sincerely，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
[情感描写] thrill；unaware；fascinated；astonish
亮词 [动作描写] confirm；attempt；charge；permit；consume；distinguish
[人物描写] wrinkled；broad
1.We do not live to eat and make money.We eat and make money to be able to enjoy
life.(续写升华：人生感悟)
美句
2.The light，which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean，astonished
me by its power.(环境描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：愤怒(二)
shout/scream in anger/furiously怒吼 voice shakes 声音颤抖 teeth lock together
in anger气得咬牙切齿 hands tremble with rage/anger手因愤怒而颤抖 slam the
door furiously/angrily behind愤然摔门而去 storm into/out/off怒气冲冲地闯进/走
词块
出/气呼呼地跑掉 spring up in anger气得跳起来 anger pours/rushes through sb
怒不可遏 burn/boil/explode with anger/rage怒火中烧 tremble with anger气得发
抖 be seized/overcome/swallowed/overwhelmed by anger/rage 非常生气
I sprang up in anger，turned around and stormed out of the room，slamming
the door furiously behind me.(动作链描写)我愤怒地跳了起来，转过身，气呼呼地
冲出房间，愤怒地关上身后的门。
句型 Mr Smith let out a cry of anger，with his eyes shining with rage.(with的复合结构)
史密斯先生发出一声愤怒的叫喊，眼睛里闪烁着愤怒的光芒。
Boiling with/Overcome by rage，Sheldon shook his fist at me.(分词作状语)
谢尔顿怒不可遏，朝我挥舞着拳头。
语料运用 登山遇阻
My father with a wrinkled face and broad shoulders ① didn ’ t permit me to climb
Qomolangma with my friends.Fascinated by the mountain，I ②made an attempt/attempted to
persuade him，but he said various frightening scenes rather than thrill were crowding into his
mind.Finally he exploded with rage.③His voice shaking( 独 立 主 格 ) ， he shouted
furiously，“Why？” Not supported by my father，I let out a cry of anger，④with my eyes
shining with rage(with的复合结构)．⑤ I sprang up in anger ， turned around and stormed out of
the room ， slamming the door furiously behind me .⑥Overwhelmed by anger/overcome by rage(过
去分词作状语)，I ran like crazy and tears came to my eyes.After what seemed like ages，I cameto understand my father and rushed back home with a smile on my face.
我的父亲满脸皱纹，肩膀宽阔，他不允许我和朋友们一起爬珠穆朗玛峰。我被这座山迷
住了，试图说服他，但他说，各种可怕的场景而不是刺激涌入他的脑海。最后他勃然大怒。
他的声音颤抖着，愤怒地喊道：“为什么？”没有父亲的支持，我发出了一声愤怒的叫喊，
眼里闪着愤怒的光芒。我愤怒地跳了起来，转过身，气呼呼地冲出房间，愤怒地关上身后的
门。我怒不可遏，疯狂地跑着，眼泪喷涌而出。过了好久，我终于明白了父亲的意思，于是
我面带微笑地跑回了家。
高考题型组合练 17
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
When the Great Backyard Bird Count(GBBC) began last Friday，Steve and Janet Kistler of
Hart County，Kentucky，joined in.They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition
began 25 years ago.
For Moira Dalibor，who teaches math at a school，this was the first count.She led a group of
students and parents to an arboretum(植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering.They were among
hundreds of thousands of people around the world counting and recording over four days.Last
year，about 385,000 people from 192 countries took part in the GBBC.
This global data goes into the eBird database used by scientists for research on bird
populations，which have declined sharply overall in past decades.It’s part of a rise in “citizen
science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.
Many birdwatchers use eBird year-round，and it has collected huge amounts of data—often
between 1 million and 2 million bird checklists a month from around the world in the past couple of
years，says Becca Rodomsky-Bish，the project’s leader at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology，in
Ithaca，New York.“Observing birds is a good way to connect with the natural world.Birds are
everywhere.You don’t have to leave your house.They will come.And they’re charismatic
because they’re fun and interesting to watch.”
This is how it works：Participants watch birds，whether that means looking out of the
window for 15 minutes or taking a longer trip to a nature area.Organizers recommend the Merlin
Bird ID app to distinguish birds by size，shape，song or other characteristics.Many participants
also carry field guides and binoculars(双筒望远镜) along with their phones.They then enter the
findings into the eBird app.Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various
species，which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.
Dalibor prepared her classes with information about local species and practiced with the
Merlin app.The kids recorded bird sightings with pencils and drawing boards ， and parentvolunteers entered those numbers on phones.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科
学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用。
1．Why did Dalibor lead her students to an arboretum?
A．To do exercise for health.
B．To observe different plants.
C．To practice their math skills.
D．To collect information about birds.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“She led a group of students and parents to an
arboretum(植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering.”可知，达利伯带她的学生去植物园是为
了收集鸟类的信息。故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “charismatic” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Attractive. B．Beautiful.
C．Rare. D．Shy.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文“because they’re fun and interesting to watch”可知，
这些鸟应该是很有吸引力、有魅力的，所以可推测画线词与 Attractive的意义相近。故选
A。
3．What can people use the Merlin Bird ID app to do?
A．To record their findings.
B．To identify different birds.
C．To help determine the birds’ habitat.
D．To track the ups and downs of various species.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Organizers recommend the Merlin Bird ID app to
distinguish birds by size，shape，song or other characteristics.”可知，人们可以使用此应用程
序来辨别不同的鸟类。故选B。
4．What’s the best title of the text?
A．Great Backyard Bird Count：A Strange Activity
B．Watching Birds Contributes to Students’ Education
C．Moira Dalibor：A Pioneer and Responsible Teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Count Shows Power of Citizen Science
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第三段内容可知，文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，所以D选项“后院鸟类大统计显示了公民科学的力量”能概括全文内容，适合
用作文章标题。故选D。
B(★)
When Malaika Vaz was a kid，living in Goa，India，she was constantly surrounded by
nature.Among her childhood experiences，she recalls journeys to the Arctic and Antarctic，
climbing mountains，diving，and windsurfing.
At some point in her late teens，Vaz realized adventure didn’t really mean anything if there
wasn’t an intention to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.Motivated by her passion
for film-making，she began to seek a way that would both satisfy her appetite for adventure and
allow her to advocate the protection of the species and ecosystems she interacted with.
Today Vaz wears many hats in the film-making world ， as a documentary director ，
producer，and presenter.After falling in love with manta rays(魔鬼鱼)，she discovered they were
being hunted illegally and started to dress herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to
the issue.She traced sellers to figure out why the threatened species were being killed.She shared
the shocking details in Peng Yu Sai，her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention，Vaz admits，run the gamut.When she was asked to
define her focus，she replied that she preferred variety.“I think that it’s exciting to dive into the
different aspects of environmental stories，” she says.
Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories；she also ensures the message is
heard.From Vaz’s viewpoint，real improvement in planetary protection lies in the hands of each
of us rather than just those of several environmentalists.“If you’re an engineer and you care
about the natural world，you can change the kind of construction materials you use.If you’re a
teacher loving nature，you can bring that into the learning for your class，” she says.
As a film-maker，Vaz believes it’s important to figure out ways that attract the audience
who can push for the protection of the natural world.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Malaika Vaz从小热爱冒险，在电影制作中寻求一
种既能满足她冒险欲望又能倡导保护她所接触的物种和生态系统的方式，呼吁观众保护自然。
5．What did Malaika Vaz decide to do in her late teens?
A．Motivate children to get close to nature.
B．Make a film about her childhood experiences.
C．Develop a passion for an adventurous lifestyle.
D．Combine nature exploration with nature conservation.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第二段“At some point in her late teens，Vaz realized adventure didn’t
really mean anything if there wasn’t an intention to protect the natural spaces we were exploring
in.Motivated by her passion for film-making，she began to seek a way that would both satisfy herappetite for adventure and allow her to advocate the protection of the species and ecosystems she
interacted with.”可知，Malaika Vaz在十几岁的时候决定将自然探索与自然保护相结合。故选
D。
6．What is the film Peng Yu Sai mainly about?
A．The role of manta rays in the local economy.
B．Vaz’s personal life as a seafood trader.
C．The threatened species in India.
D．The illegal trade in manta rays.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的“After falling in love with manta rays(魔鬼鱼)，she
discovered they were being hunted illegally...She traced sellers to figure out why the threatened
species were being killed.She shared the shocking details in Peng Yu Sai”可知，Peng Yu Sai
主要讲魔鬼鱼的非法贸易。故选D。
7．What does the underlined part “run the gamut” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Are quite popular.
B．Cover a wide range.
C．Make little progress.
D．Are hard to deal with.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“When she was asked to define her focus，she replied
that she preferred variety.‘I think that it’s exciting to dive into the different aspects of
environmental stories，’ she says.”可知，Vaz更喜欢多样化，认为深入了解有关环境的故
事的不同方面是令人激动的，即吸引她的话题很广泛，故可得出画线部分意为“涵盖范围很
广”。故选B。
8．What message does the author convey in paragraph 5?
A．Human beings are closely linked to nature.
B．Stories are effective in changing people’s behavior.
C．Everyone can make a difference to the environment.
D．Environmentalists play a big part in solving environmental issues.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第五段中的“From Vaz’s viewpoint，real improvement in planetary
protection lies in the hands of each of us rather than just those of several environmentalists.”可知，
Vaz认为每个人都能对环境产生影响。故选C项。
C
(2024·山东潍坊期末)In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars
on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly
view.
New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”—
the diffuse illumination(漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution.The data came
from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night，a
program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.
Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and
wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved
alongside.Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.Until
relatively recently，humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky，
and the effect of this nightly spectacle(壮观景象) is evident in ancient cultures.
Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006.Anyone can submit
observations through the Globe at Night web application.Participants record which one best
matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.
Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6%
per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are not well suited to
measuring sky glow as it appears to humans，because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than
500 nanometers(纳米)．White LEDs，with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers，now are
increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting.But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter
wavelengths at nighttime.Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows，either.But
these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.
“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our
efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies，” said Walker.“The Globe at Night
dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever
can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我
们眼前消失，并呼吁更多的人加入保护夜空的行动。
9．What is a purpose of Globe at Night?
A．To develop new light sources.
B．To collect data on star visibility.
C．To help astronomers explore space.
D．To popularize science among citizens.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第四段中“Globe at Night has been gathering data on
star visibility since 2006.”可知，“夜晚观星”项目的目的是收集星星能见度的数据。故选
B。10．What does the loss of visible stars lead to?
A．Poorer human health.
B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．More delicate biological systems.
D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of
human cultural heritage.”可知，可见星星的缺失会导致更少的夜空文化元素。故选D。
11．What does the author stress in paragraph 5?
A．Satellites play a vital role.
B．White LEDs are widely used.
C．Crowd-sourced data are invaluable.
D．Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段内容尤其是“But human eyes are more sensitive to these
shorter wavelengths...contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.”可知，人眼可以更敏锐
地观测到一些设备无法观测的光污染源，由此可推断，作者在第五段中强调了众源数据是非
常有价值的。故选C。
12．What can be inferred from Walker’s words?
A．Their consistent efforts pay off.
B．The dataset needs to be updated.
C．More participants are expected to join in.
D．The sky glow has been over-emphasized.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing
evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect
the starry night sky.”可推断，Walker期望有更多的参与者加入保护夜空的行动。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·全国乙)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are
the unsung heroes of the home. 1 ，but studies have shown that they can promote people’s
well-being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.What’s
more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to growindoors.Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，
especially in the winter. 2 .
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“ 3 .I find during the
winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed
this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also
research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such
as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 4 .
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera，peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow
indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets，garden centres or online.Younger plants are often
cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the
joy of owning plants.“ 5 ，” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into
people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种
植哪些室内植物。
1．答案 B
解析 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by
improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.”可知，此处与下文是
递进关系，构成not only...but...“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B项(它们不仅看起
来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
2．答案 D
解析 根据上文“Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the
UK，especially in the winter.”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温
暖的地方生长。由此可知，D项(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合
语境。故选D。
3．答案 C
解析 根据下文“I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your
mood.”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C项(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
4．答案 E
解析 根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by
removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from
paints or cooking.”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E项(像和平百合和魔芋
之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做得最好的植物，符合语境。故选
E。
5．答案 G
解析 根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care
for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.”可知，不同的植物需求是不
同的。由此可知，G项(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，
下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between
home and nature.”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
