文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．beak n．鸟嘴，喙
3．giant tortoise巨型陆龟
4．comb-like adj.梳状的
5．spine n．(动植物的)刺，刺毛
6．myth n．(古代的)神话
7．pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药
8．chilli n．辣椒
9．cybercrime n．网络犯罪
10．centimetre n．厘米
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．seed n．种子，籽
2．sample n．样本
3．ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先
4．generate v．产生，创造
5．characteristic n．特征，特性
6．decline v．减少
7．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
8．goat n．山羊
9．primitive adj.原始的，低等的
10．worldwide adv.遍及全世界
11．giant adj.巨大的，特大的
12．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)
13．root n．根
14．link v．把……联系起来；连接Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的→distance n．距离→distantly adv.疏远地
2．geologist n．地质学家→geology n．地质学
3．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论)
4．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的
5．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．发现→detective n．侦探
1．have ...at heart 把……放在心上；热心于做某事
2．keep ...on track使……做法对路
3．count on信赖；依靠；指望
4．indispensable /ˌIndI'spensəbl/ adj.不可缺少的；必需的
5．betray /bI'treI/ vt.背叛；出卖；流露
6．stick up to支持；捍卫
7．take a hit承受打击；遭到破坏；受到严重影响
8．nurture /'nɜːtʃə(r)/ vt.培育；养育
9．undertaking /ˌʌndə'teIkIŋ/ n．任务；事业
10．dwell /dwel/ vi.居住；栖身
dwell on老是想着或唠叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．answer the call响应号召
2．be a disgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事
3．be native to源于……的，原产于……
4．first choice 首选
5．of all time 有史以来
6．in question 正被讨论的，谈论中的
7．be crowded with 挤满，充满
8．come to exist 开始存在
9．adapt to适应
10．a variety of 各种各样的
11．in the end最后，终于
12．be home to...是……的家园
13．carry out执行
14．tiny amounts of 微量的
15．drive...away赶跑；驱车离开
16．in some ways在某些方面Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they
evolved from earlier ancestors.(how引导的宾语从句)
于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而
来的。
2．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something
amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all.(it appears that...)
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎
确实可以交流。
3．More surprisingly，plants also use sound to communicate.(副词短语作状语)
更令人吃惊的是，植物也用声音进行交流。
4．Using the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other.(现在
分词短语作状语)
使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。
5．Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these
attacks within the wood wide web.(疑问词＋to do)
也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出如何建造一堵“防火墙”帮助来阻止植物万维网中的这些
攻击。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)
1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．beak n．鸟嘴，喙
3．centimetre n．厘米
4．pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药
5．cybercrime n．网络犯罪
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共16分)
1．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
2．decline v．减少
3．link v．把……联系起来；连接
4．generate v．产生，创造
5．characteristic n．特征，特性
6．worldwide adv.遍及全世界
7．giant adj.巨大的，特大的
8．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)
1．distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的→distance n．距离→distantly adv.疏远地
2．geologist n．地质学家→geology n．地质学
3．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论)
4．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的
5．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．发现→detective n．侦探
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．count on信赖；依靠；指望
2．indispensable adj.不可缺少的；必需的
3．betray vt.背叛；出卖；流露
4．stick up to支持；捍卫
5．nurture vt.培育；养育
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．in question 正被讨论的，谈论中的
2．answer the call响应号召
3．be home to... 是……的家园
4．a variety of 各种各样的
5．tiny amounts of 微量的
6．drive...away 赶跑；驱车离开
7．in the end 最后，终于
8．in some ways 在某些方面
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共12分)
1．They detected that a private detective had been tailing them for several weeks.(detect)
2．The geologists who are expert in geology of the island believe that climate change could have
an impact on animal evolution.(geologist)
3．The boy is always distant towards his classmates，so his classmates often keep him at a
distance.(distant)
4．I didn’t notice any suspicious behaviour from him，so I didn’t suspect him of committing
the crime.(suspect)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)
1．They exist on food supplied by the organization which came to exist decades of years ago.
2．It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts.
3．To tell you the truth，the suggestions above can help you adapt to your new school quickly.4．His confident words have cleared up our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.
5．Though every place was more or less crowded with tourists，I still had a relaxing and
memorable trip.
6．(2022·全国甲)Goffin’s cockatoos，a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been
shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)
1．她在书中描写了她是如何适应大学生活的。(how引导的宾语从句)
She wrote about how she adapted to the college life in the book.
2．总之，等待她的似乎是一个相当令人沮丧的夏天。(it appears that...)
All in all，it appeared that a pretty depressing summer awaited her.
3．更重要的是，我们应该更多地训练以便我们彼此之间能够更好地合作。(副词短语作状
语)
More importantly ， we are supposed to practice more so that we can cooperate better with each
other.
4．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)母亲把孩子们抱进怀里，哽咽着，然后咬了一口法国吐司，
说这是她吃过的最美味的食物。(现在分词短语作状语)
Gathering the kids into her arms，their mother choked and then took a bite of the French toast，
saying that it was the most delicious food she had ever tasted.
5．我很想学习如何欣赏西方绘画作品，我想知道你是否能告诉我一些关于如何绘画的技巧。
(疑问词＋to do)
I’m interested to learn how to appreciate Western paintings，so I’m wondering if you can tell
me some skills about how to paint.
When my uncle was young，he answered the call and volunteered to work on that distant
island.My uncle worked hard in the day.In his free time，he went on studying the characteristics
of those plants.He even had some samples 1.placed(place) in his bedroom.2.It was just at that
time that he began to think about 3.how they evolved from their
ancestors.4.Although/Though/While his study generated no income，he was crazy about it.He
often used some primitive 5.methods(method) to carry out his experiments,6.detecting(detect)
how the seeds grew into some tall plants.There was a time when the number of those plants
7.was(be) on the decline and human beings were to blame.He managed to find out the reason and
came up with a new way 8.to solve(solve) the problem.Later，he achieved a lot in this field.Many
people had suspected 9.his(he) talent，but he succeeded！He was 10.absolutely(absolute) a
legend！提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的(distance n．距离)
·be distant from 距……很远；与……不同
·within walking distance走着就能到
in the distance在远处
from a distance从远处
keep one’s distance from...与……保持距离；疏远……
(1)(读后续写之情感描写) 听到远处飞机的嗡嗡声，我的内心深处升起了希望。我像个快乐
的孩子一样使劲挥动着手帕，一直等到飞机离我不远。
Hearing a plane droning in the distance，I felt hope rising from the bottom of my heart.I waved
my handkerchief violently like a happy child，waiting until the plane was not distant from me.
(2)(读后续写之情感描写) 我发现其他学生总是与我保持距离，我觉得自己像漂浮在黑暗的
云层中。
I detected that the other students always kept their distance from me and I felt like floating in the
clouds of darkness.
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。
You can also visit the city museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.
(4)(读后续写之场景描写)当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处朝她走了
过来。
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar figure came up to her from a distance.
blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责任；责备；指责
·blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
·put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
(1)The expert blamed the pollution here on the large factory linked to the river.
(2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时
候我们也应负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes/blame mistakes
on others/put/lay the blame for mistakes on others.After all，many times we are also to blame.So
instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ shoes.
link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．连接；关联；联系；关系
link...to/with/and...把……和……连接/联系起来link up (with...) (与……)连接，结合
be linked to/with...和……连接；和……有关
(1)A subway line will link the airport to/with/and the city center，so it will be more convenient
for citizens to travel.
(2)A new road would be needed to link up with the main road.
(3)(话题写作之传统文化)在中国文化中，红色通常与喜庆联系在一起。
In Chinese culture，red is usually linked to/with joy and celebration.
of all time 有史以来
at times 有时；间或
at no time 在任何时候都不；决不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)
at the same time同时
all the time一直，始终
in no time立刻；马上
(1)用time的相关短语填空
①Michael Jordan，the greatest basketball player of all time，found the secret to success is
learning from failures.
②When it comes to the season I like best，spring will always occur to me in no time.
(2)(话题写作之体育)打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法，同时我们也能从中找到一
些乐趣。
Playing basketball serves as the best way to ease our great study pressure and we can find some
pleasure from it at the same time.
(3)(应用文写作之人物介绍) 有时我会失去信心，但幸运的是，我最好的朋友一直鼓励我说：
“你绝不应该半途而废。我会一直帮助你的。”
At times I lose heart，but luckily my best friend encourages me all the time，saying，“At no
time should you give up halfway.I will always come to your assistance.”
drive...away 赶跑；驱车离开；驾车送走
drive off驾车离开；击退，赶走
drive sb crazy把某人逼疯
drive sb to do sth驱使某人做某事
(1)让我发疯的是，我妈妈决定把我可爱的宠物狗赶走，我恳求她，直到她答应再次收留它。
What drove me crazy was that my mother determined to drive my lovely pet dog away and I
begged her until she promised to take it in once again.
(2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)好奇心驱使我向空无一人的房间里窥视，却发现一只蜂鸟被困在蜘蛛网里。
Curiosity drove me to peer into the deserted room，only to find that a hummingbird was trapped
in spiderwebs.
(3)(读后续写之动作描写)我看到有几个人经过，上了车，然后开车离开了。
I saw several people go by ， get into their cars and drive off .
现在分词短语作方式状语 Using the wood wide web，plants can share information and
even food with each other.使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。
Using the wood wide web在句中作方式状语，现在分词(短语)作状语时，还可表示时间、
伴随、条件、原因、结果等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
(1)(2021·浙江1月，应用文写作)我代表我们学校真诚地欢迎你们的来访。你们所有人将参
观校博物馆，全面了解我们学校的光辉历史。晚上，你们将会在学校餐厅吃晚饭，和我们学
生自由地聊天，并且品尝当地的美食。
Representing our school，I would like to sincerely welcome your visit.All of you will visit the
school museum，fully understanding the brilliant history of our school.In the evening，you will
have dinner at the school canteen，chatting freely with us students and tasting the delicious local
foods.
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地拥抱我，不受控制地哭起来。
He rose to his feet，crossed the room and hugged me tightly，crying without control.
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)使用老师教我的方法，我的文章有了很大的进步，我的快乐
无法形容。
Using the methods my teacher taught me，I made much progress in my article and my joy was
beyond description.
(4)(读后续写之心理描写)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。
When hearing what the headmaster said ， I was wild with joy ， my eyes sparkling with
excitement.
用法点拨 现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．suspect
(1)(2020·新课标Ⅰ)In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his
way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. A(2)Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect. C
(3)What a disgrace！Her son is a murder suspect in the case. B
2．decline
(1)(2023·北京)This is when a pop star draws far more attention than，say，gradual biodiversity
decline. C
(2)(2022·浙江1月)When the answer was no，she declined the invitation. A
(3)(2020·浙江 7 月)Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—
including other environmental influences or genetic factors. D
(4)The number of tourists to the place of interest declined by 10% last year. B
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)He was without question one of the giants of Chinese literature.卓越人物
(2)Money，or love of money，is said to be the root of all evil.起因，根源
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．I wasn’t allowed to watch the interesting animation and was driven away/off.
2．Honestly speaking，we all suspected the little princess of not telling the truth to us.
3．As was expected，most of the people here regarded the motion as a great success.
4．By contrast，I like lovely pandas which are native to China.
5．The solution was so innovative that we couldn’t help applauding loudly.
6．Learning that he was seriously injured in a distant(distance) city，I felt like floating in an
ocean of sadness.
7．I like this folk tale that is linked(link) to love，perseverance and warm-heartedness.
8．Blamed(blame) for the accident，I crouched on the ground，tears streaming down my cheeks
uncontrollably.
9．(话题写作之泰山旅行)Standing(stand) on the top of Mount Tai，we are able to have a good
view of the awe-inspiring scenery of the whole city.
10．In this district the number of peacocks is on the decline，which worries local people very
much.
假如你是李华，你已经研究了向日葵从种子到植株的生长过程，请根据下面的提示给你
的外国笔友Bernard写一封邮件，告知其生长过程。
1.你把向日葵种子埋进一盆土里，浇了些水；
2.几天后，盆子中长出了嫩苗，然后你把盆子放在屋里，避免阳光暴晒；
3.你对于它的快速生长很是惊讶。完成句子
1．我写信是想告诉你一些与向日葵生长过程有关的事情。(link；过去分词短语作定语)
2．我买了一些葵花籽，马上就把它们埋进了一个有一些肥沃土壤的盆里。(in no time；
where引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．几天后，一些又绿又嫩的幼苗从土里长出来了，我绝不能让它们被炎热的太阳晒伤。(at
no time；倒装句)
4．盆里干燥的土壤促使我再次浇水，适量的水可以保证它们的生长。(drive sb to do)
5．看到那些小幼苗很快长成了一些高大的植物，我完全惊呆了。(现在分词短语作状语)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Bernard，
How is everything going？I am writing to tell you something linked to the growing process of
sunflowers.
At the beginning I bought some sunflower seeds and buried them into a basin in no time，
where there was some rich soil.Several days later，some green and delicate shoots grew out of the
soil and at no time should I have them burnt by the hot sun.As a result，I moved the basin into the
room.The dry soil in the basin drove me to water them again and a proper amount of water could
guarantee their growth.Seeing those young shoots grow into some tall plants quickly，I was totally
amazed.
Would you grow a plant you like most？Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
[情感描写] disgrace
亮词 [心理描写] suspect
[动作描写] decline；blame；detect；generate；link；answer the call；evolve
美句 1.More surprisingly，plants also use sound to communicate.(情感描写)2．Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can
link nearly every plant in a forest.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：动“腿”
shaky/trembling legs颤抖的腿 with one’s legs wide apart 双腿叉开 tired legs疲
惫的双腿 cross one’s legs 盘腿 drag one’s heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿 run
词块
like the wind 飞奔 jump to one’s feet 跳起来 run around like a headless chicken
毫无头绪地瞎忙一通
I paced back and forth，like an ant on a hot pan.(比喻句)我踱来踱去，就像热锅上
的蚂蚁。
He walked up and down restlessly，his face pale and his hands shaking slightly.(独
立主格)
他不安地走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。
Exhausted and hopeless，I slid into bed，but I was unable to fall asleep.(形容词作状
语)
我又累又绝望，溜上床，却无法入睡。
He rushed in and his face flamed with excitement.他冲了进来，激动得满脸通红。
句型
With my legs wide apart，I sat on the ground and cared for the plant with great care.
(with复合结构)
我岔开双腿，坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料着那株植物。
He ran out of the room in a burst of anger.他一怒之下跑出了房间。
He struggled to run towards the finishing line，with his mouth dry and his legs
trembling.(with复合结构)他挣扎着向终点线跑去，口干腿抖。
He sank in the sofa，crossed his legs and rested his chin on one fist，lost in deep
thought.(动作链描写，形容词短语作状语)他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳
头托着下巴，陷入了沉思。
语料运用 人与植物
Diagnosed with cancer，John ①dragged his heavy legs forward and arrived at home.②He
sank in the sofa ， crossed his legs and rested his chin on one fist ， lost in deep thought (动作链描
写)．A few minutes later，③exhausted and hopeless(形容词作状语)，he lay in bed，but he was
unable to fall asleep.Then he ④walked up and down restlessly in the house，his face pale and his
hands shaking slightly.Seeing he was lost in the abyss of sadness，his wife bought him a beautiful
plant.He suspected whether the plant could bring vitality and calmness to their home during this
difficult time，but he ⑤ didn ’ t decline it .Every day ⑥with his legs wide apart(with复合结构)，
he sat on the ground and cared for the plant with great care.Tending to the plant gave him a sense ofaccomplishment at a time when he felt hopeless.
约翰被诊断出患有癌症，拖着沉重的双腿回到家。他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只
拳头托着下巴，陷入了沉思。几分钟后，他又累又绝望地躺在床上，却无法入睡。然后他不
安地在屋里走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。看到他沉浸在悲伤的深渊中，他的妻子给
他买了一株美丽的植物。他怀疑这种植物能否在这艰难的时刻给他们的家带来生机和平静，
但他没有拒绝它。他每天都双腿叉开坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料那株植物。在他感到绝望的
时候，照顾这株植物给了他一种成就感。
高考题型组合练 23
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
Your Garden Escape
Even in the big city you can find oases(绿洲)of calm and beauty.From a royal palace to a
classical garden，we recommend great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.
Horniman Gardens
Horniman Gardens cover 16 acres with breathtaking views of London.Visitors can enjoy the
Sound Garden，Meadow Field，and even a Prehistoric Garden，which features a display of
“living fossils”．The gardens are very popular with families，and dogs can be let off their leads
in the Meadow Field.
Chiswick Garden
As a classical garden landscape in London，it was here that the English Landscape Movement
was born with William Kent’s designs.Enjoy fresh bread，seasonal food，and natural wines in
the award-winning cafe，while admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape，spotted with
impressive art and statues.
Buckingham Palace Garden
The 39-acre garden boasts more than 350 types of wildflowers，over 200 trees and a three-
acre lake.The garden also provides a habitat for native birds rarely seen in London.A tour of the
garden can be completed by having a cream tea in the cafe overlooking the Palace’s famous
grassland and lake.
Kew Garden
The Royal Botanic Garden at Kew is one of the world’s most famous gardens and a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.Have a walk through the vast garden，spot local wildlife at the
lake，or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson.Be sure to visit the Temperate House，
which contains some of the rarest and most threatened plants.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了伦敦一些著名的公园景点。1．What can visitors do in both Horniman Gardens and Chiswick Garden?
A．Study living fossils.
B．Taste delicious food.
C．Enjoy impressive art.
D．Appreciate fine views.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Horniman Gardens部分的“Horniman Gardens cover 16 acres with
breathtaking views of London.” 和 Chiswick Garden 部 分 的 “ Enjoy fresh bread...while
admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape...”可知，游客可以在霍尼曼花园和奇斯威克
花园欣赏美景。故选D。
2．Where should visitors go if they want to join in hands-on activities?
A．Horniman Gardens.
B．Chiswick Garden.
C．Buckingham Palace Garden.
D．Kew Garden.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据 Kew Garden部分的“Have a walk through the vast garden，spot
local wildlife at the lake，or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson.”可知，如果游客
想参加实践活动，他们应该去Kew Garden。故选D。
3．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform visitors of famous gardens.
B．To entertain interested garden visitors.
C．To stress the necessity of garden escape.
D．To show the benefits of touring gardens.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。根据第一段的“From a royal palace to a classical garden，we recommend
great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.”可知，文章的目的是向游客介绍
著名公园。故选A。
B
Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous
skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This
discovery has changed what we know of human history.
The skull，which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”，is from an ape-like human relative
from a species called Australopithecus africanus( 南方古猿非洲种)．It was found near
Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，was thought to be between
2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs Ples looks like apossible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she
apparently lived.For this reason，scientists had decided that Australopithecus afarensis，a similar
species from East Africa that lived about 3.5 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor
instead.
To get a more accurate age for Mrs Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue
University in Indiana，US，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They
measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are
exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth’s surface.Once rocks are buried，these chemicals
stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since
the rocks (or bones) were on the surface.
The new study shows that Mrs Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4
and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their East African relatives，so
that either group could have given rise to modern humans.However，team member Dr Laurent
Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2,500 miles away，these groups had
plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words，the groups could quite easily
have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨的年代比
专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。
4．What can we learn about Mrs Ples from the first two paragraphs?
A．It is a skull found in East Africa.
B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans.
C．It is a million years older than scientists expected.
D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，
after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million
years older than experts thought.”和第二段的“The skull，which scientists have named ‘Mrs
Ples’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。
5．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs Ples”？
A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays.
B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals.
C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay.
D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“They measured the amount of certain chemicals in
rocks...the surviving amount reveals...on the surface.”可知，科学家通过测量保存下来的化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。
6．What can we infer from the new study?
A．Modern humans came into being in East Africa.
B．Mrs Ples travelled and had children with East African relatives.
C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.5 million years ago.
D．Ape-like species from Africa could have interacted with each other.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In other words，the groups could quite easily have
met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.”可知，我们能
从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。
7．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Historical Puzzle Unsolved
B．Ancestor Mystery Solved
C．Mrs Ples: The Earliest Human Being
D．Mrs Ples: A Famous Skull
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about
modern humans，...”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人类祖先头骨的
谜题，因此最好的题目是B选项“Ancestor Mystery Solved”。故选B。
C(★)
After a five-year travel to study plants，animals and fossils(化石) in South America and on
the islands in the Pacific，British naturalist Charles Darwin brought the idea of natural selection to
the attention of the world in his bestselling book，On the Origin of Species.
Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and
change naturally.Individuals in a population are naturally variable.In other words，they are all
different in some ways.This variation means that some individuals have characteristics better suited
to the environment than others.Individuals with adaptive characteristics—characteristics that give
them some advantage—are more likely to survive and reproduce.These individuals then pass the
adaptive characteristics on to their children.Over time，these characteristics become more common
in the population.Through this process of natural selection，adaptive characteristics are passed on
to the next generations.Those organisms that cannot adapt fast enough through natural selection
will die out.
Natural selection can also lead to new and distinctly different species.It is one of the processes
that drive phylogenesis and help to explain the diversity of life on Earth.
Darwin chose the name natural selection to contrast with artificial selection that is controlled
by humans.Darwin and other scientists of his day argued that a process much like artificialselection happened in nature，without any human help.He argued that natural selection explained
how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.
Through studying the fossil record，we know that some species may not be able to adapt fast
enough through natural selection and many of them that once lived on Earth are now extinct.
Dinosaurs are one example.However，human actions such as over-hunting and the destruction of
habitats have become the main cause of extinctions today.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了达尔文的自然选择法则，解释了其概念以及自然
选择在生物多样性上的作用。
8．Why do some species die out according to the text?
A．They can’t adapt to the changed environments.
B．They fail to learn from their common ancestors.
C．They have too many variable individuals in the species.
D．They cannot find enough food and starve to death slowly.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Those organisms that cannot adapt fast enough
through natural selection will die out.”可知，物种灭绝的原因是跟不上环境的变化。故选A。
9．What does the underlined word “phylogenesis” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Extinction. B．Exposure.
C．Development. D．Replacement.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词上下文内容可知，自然选择能产生新的和截然不同的
物种，是驱动物种发展的过程，有助于解释地球上生命的多样性。故画线词意思是“发展”。
故选C。
10．Which paragraph mentions the difference between artificial and natural selections?
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Darwin chose the name natural selection...without any
human help.”可知，第四段提到了人工选择和自然选择的区别。故选D。
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Species’ extinction is slowing down recently.
B．Human actions can lead to species’ extinctions.
C．Measures must be taken to stop eating animals.
D．Artificial selection is more important than natural selection.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However，human actions such as over-hunting and thedestruction of habitats have become the main cause of extinctions today.”可知，人类行为也可能
导致物种灭绝。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
I came to Russia to study in the winter of 2021.My university is located in Moscow，the
capital of Russia，which is a city with a long history.
The second I stepped out of the airport，I immediately felt how cold it was outside. 1
When I saw the main building of Moscow State University，I was deeply shocked by its beautiful
architecture with its 270-year-long history.Sensing how small I was in front of this splendid
building，I felt the crystallization(结晶) of human wisdom resonate within me.
2 The snow and ice won’t melt until April of the following year.Just like the melting
snow，I gradually overcame the difficulties of studying abroad and came to adjust to my new
environment.
The first challenge was the language barrier.After learning Russian in China，I realized that
my skills were nowhere near enough.I was not fluent in Russian ， sometimes causing
misunderstandings. 3 In Russia，everyone intentionally stands on the right side when taking
the escalator(自动扶梯)，which takes time to get used to.
The artistic atmosphere in Russia is very strong，however. 4 Tickets for concerts and
cultural events here are relatively cheap，making it easy to enrich my life on weekends.
In a nutshell，living abroad means overcoming all kinds of difficulties.The experience will
always leave a colorful shade in our lives.Just as the old saying in Chinese goes，“It is better to
travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.” 5
A．Take a look at the outside world while you are young!
B．Obviously，the freezing climate does not agree with me.
C．The cultural differences were also hard to deal with at first.
D．I can visit many of the attractions that I used to see in my textbooks.
E．And the buildings surrounding me looked so different from the ones in China.
F．Starting from early November each year，the snow season in Moscow is very long.
G．Thanks to the abundant activities I get to explore what I’ve learned in practical contexts.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在俄罗斯的留学经历，感受着异国他乡的文
化与习俗。
1．答案 E
解析 根据后文的“When I saw the main building of Moscow State University，I was deeply
shocked by its beautiful architecture with its 270-year-long history.”可知，此处强调的是教学楼
建筑物深深地震撼了作者，故前文应该与之呼应。E选项“And the buildings surrounding me
looked so different from the ones in China.”中的the buildings与后文呼应。故选E。
2．答案 F解析 根据后文的“The snow and ice won’t melt until April of the following year.”可知，前
文应该强调的是莫斯科的下雪季。F选项“Starting from early November each year，the snow
season in Moscow is very long.”引起下文，下文解释了莫斯科雪季的时间。故选F。
3．答案 C
解析 根据后文“In Russia，everyone intentionally stands on the right side when taking the
escalator(自动扶梯)，which takes time to get used to.”可知，此处强调的是中俄文化上的差异
需要作者花费时间来适应。C 选项“The cultural differences were also hard to deal with at
first.” 引起下文，强调了文化差异给作者带来的影响。故选C。
4．答案 D
解析 根据后文的“Tickets for concerts and cultural events here are relatively cheap，making it
easy to enrich my life on weekends.”可知，前文应该强调作者去参观景点，才能与此处的音
乐会和文化活动的门票相承接。D选项“I can visit many of the attractions that I used to see in
my textbooks.”中的attractions(景点)与下文景点的门票相对应，符合语境。故选D。
5．答案 A
解析 根据前文“Just as the old saying in Chinese goes，‘It is better to travel ten thousand
miles than to read ten thousand books.’”可知，此处强调的是多出去看世界的好处和意义，
因此A选项“Take a look at the outside world while you are young！”与前文呼应。故选A。
