文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．item n．一项，一条
2．rhino n．犀牛
3．horn n．(牛、羊等头上的)角
4．asteroid n．小行星
5．hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化
6．packet n．小包，小盒
7．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
8．coconut n．椰子
9．shell n．壳；贝壳
10．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
11．refillable adj.可再填充的
12．bin n．垃圾箱
13．carton n．硬纸盒；塑料盒
14．cutlery n．餐具
15．council n．委员会；理事会
16．roadworks n．道路施工
17．organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
18．institute n．机构；研究院
19．poultry n．家禽肉，家禽
20．committee n．委员会
21．temple n．庙宇，寺院
22．Confucius孔子
23．memorial n．纪念馆；纪念碑adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
24．carve vt.雕，刻
25．typhoon n．台风
26．Atlantic adj.大西洋的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．plastic adj.塑料制的
2．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
3．switch vi.& vt.转换，改变
4．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地
5．species n．物种，种
6．mass adj.大量的
7．decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量
8．blame vt.责怪，指责
9．affect vt.影响
10．solar adj.太阳光(能)的
11．restore vt.(使)恢复
12．wrap vt.包，裹
13．transportation n．交通运输系统，运输方式
14．swallow vi.& vt.吞下，咽下
15．chopsticks n．筷子
16．jam n．拥挤，堵塞；果酱
17．decade n．十年，十年期
18．gas n．气，气体
19．cancer n．癌症
20．essay n．论说文；散文
21．involve vt.包含；需要
22．billion n．十亿
23．instance n．例子，实例
24．claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
25．drug n．药物，药材；毒品
26．sum vt.概括，总结n.金额，款项；总数
27．valley n．谷，山谷
28．thunderstorm n．雷暴
29．agricultural adj.农业的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．conservation n．保护→conserve vt.保护；节约→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
2．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→destruction n．破坏；毁坏
3．mining n．采矿业→mine n．矿；矿井→miner n．矿工
4．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的
5．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform v．通知→information n．信息
6．illegally adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的，违法的→legally adv.合法地→legal
adj.合法的
7.hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunting n．打猎→hunter n．猎人
8．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝
9．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgently adv.迫切地；急切地→urgency n．紧急情况
10．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.不寻常地→usual adj.平常的→usually
adv.通常地
11．varied adj.形形色色的→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．种类
12．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．使面临危险；危及；危害→danger n．危险
→dangerous adj.危险的
13．consumer n．消费者→consume v．消费；消耗；吃，喝→consumption n．消费；消耗
14．wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v．& n．浪费
15．dirt n．灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的
16．realistic adj.现实的，实际的→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv.真正地；确实地
→reality n．真实；现实→realize vt.实现；认识到
17．aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识→unaware adj.不知道的；未察觉到的
18．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑→collect v．收集；收藏
19．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n．焦虑
20．reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v．再使用，重复使用
21．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v．将……刺入(或插入)；刺
22．annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoying adj.使人烦恼的
→annoyance n．生气；令人烦恼的事物
23．anger n．愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.气愤地；愤怒地
24．relate vi.相联系，有关联→related adj.相联系的→relation n．联系，关联
25．regular adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.有规律地→irregular adj.无规律的
26．suit vt.适合 n．套装→suitable adj.适合的
27．opponent n．对手；反对者→oppose v．反对→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的
28．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍
29．chemical adj.化学的 n．化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
30．scenic adj.景色优美的→scene n．地点，现场；场面→scenery n．风景
31．historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家1．tow/təʊ/vt.牵引，拖，拉(车或船)
2．slam/slæm/vi.& vt.(把……)砰地关上
3．cosmetics/kɒz'metIks/n.化妆品，美容品
4．installment/In'stɔːlmənt/n.(尤指报刊等上的连载故事的)一期
5．in a nutshell一言以蔽之，简单地说
6．expire/Ik'spaIə/vi.到期，过期，失效
expiration/ˌekspə'reIʃən/n.到期，期满
7．valid/'vælId/adj.有效的；正式认可的
8．reverse/rI'vɜːs/vi.& vt.调换(次序)；推翻；倒车
9．podcast/'pɒdkɑːst/n.播客(可从因特网上下载的一种广播节目)
10．count on v．依靠，指望；期望，料想
11．spectacular/spek'tækjələ/adj.壮观的；精彩的
12．immigration/ˌImI'ɡreIʃən/n.入境检查处；移民入境
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．die out消失；绝迹，灭绝
2．wipe out彻底毁灭
3．be to blame(对某事)负有责任
4．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
5．traffic jam交通堵塞
6．stressed out焦虑的
7．be related to与……有关联
8．for instance例如
9．sum up概括，总结
10．have a role起某种作用
11．do one’s part 尽自己的职责
12．set out开始做某事，着手进行
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now
happening is cause for concern.(It is not unusual for sb to do...)
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2．They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.
(倍数表达法)
他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。
3．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would
be unable to survive.(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气)
没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。4．This morning，it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.(It takes sb some time to do...)
今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。
5．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(形容词短语作
状语)
又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？
6．Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，while the same number will need at least 18 cars.(while
连接并列句)
一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。
It’s said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster.But now，many species are
endangered or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them.For instance，tigers
are being illegally hunted in 1.____________ incredibly cruel way for their fur while
rhinos，for their horns.Besides，we have destroyed their habitats by 2.____________(cut)
down trees ， throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging
3.____________(pollute) water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers.
It is human activities 4.____________ are to blame for the mass extinction.However，we
should be aware of the fact that without the species on 5.________ we depend for our survival，
we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists write informative and innovative
6.____________(essay) to educate people to go green.Conservation measures involve
switching to solar energy，stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can’t
7._______(recycle)，and taking public transportation on a regular 8.__________(base) to and
from work.To sum up，everybody has a role 9.____________(play) in protecting our planet and
if we all set out to do our part，the 10.__________(harmony) world will be restored.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
switch n．(电路的)开关 v．改变，转变
switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)
switch on打开；开始运行
switch(...)from...to...把(……)由……转变为……
(应用文写作之口头通知) 请注意！我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，
请确保所有手机处于关机状态。打开手机会影响我们访问。
Attention，please！We will ____________________________________ to reach the provincial
museum.Upon reaching the destination ， please make sure all mobile phones
________________________.________________________ will influence our visit.decrease vi.& vt.减少n.减少；减少的量
•decrease by...减少了……
decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
•on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少
on the increase 正在增加
(1)To sum up，the number of new students decreased ____________ 200 ____________ 150.That
is to say，the number decreased ____________ 25%.
(2)We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean
animals ________________(正在下降)．So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so
that their number ____________________________________(将会逐渐增加)．(2022·全国甲，
书面表达)
blame v．把……归咎于，责怪 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；指责；过失
•blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
•take/deserve the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人
(1)We human beings are supposed to take the blame ____________ extinct or endangered
species，so we must do our part in wildlife conservation.
(2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，
很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎
于其他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always ____________________________.After
all ， many times ________________________.So instead of
_____________________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’
place.
annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的(annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰；使烦恼；使生气annoying adj.令
人生气的annoyance n．恼怒)
•be annoyed with sb对某人生气
be annoyed about/at sth为某事生气
•What annoys sb most is that...最让某人生气的是……
•to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是(1)I was annoyed ____________ him ______________ his ____________(annoy) rude table
manners.
(2)使我生气的是，我和我的搭档总是在很多方面存在分歧，我不知道怎么才能改善这种状
况。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
①________________________，I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea
how I could improve the situation.(annoyance)
②____________________________________________________________ I disagreed with my
partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.
relate v．涉及；使联系(related adj.有关的；相关的relation n．关系；联系；亲属)
•relate...to...把……和……联系起来
relate to涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解
•(be) related to有关系的；有关联的
(1)It is claimed that the “new four great inventions” are all related ____________ China’s
high-tech innovations.
(2)(记叙文之写人)我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生，而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的
东西与现实世界联系起来。
Not only can our head teacher ________________________ but also he can constantly
________________________________________________.
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。
____________________________________，I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly
qualified for the position.
suit vt.适合n.套装(suitable adj.合适的；适用的)
•suit...to...使……适合……
suit one’s needs适合某人的需要
•be suitable for 对……适合的
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
(1)(应用文写作之申请信)I do believe I am suitable ____________ this voluntary work，because
I have a good knowledge of English.
＝I do believe I am suitable ____________(do) this voluntary work，because I have a good
knowledge of English.
(2)如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。
If the above arrangements don’t ________________________ ， please inform me without
hesitation so that I can ____________________________________.
用法点拨 suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；fit多指大小、形状等合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等搭配。
wipe out彻底毁灭，消灭
work out 解决；算出
set out开始做某事，着手进行
turn out 结果是
check out结账后离开
come out出版；长出
die out灭亡；逐渐消失
用“动词＋out”短语的适当形式填空
(1)The disease threatens to __________________ the entire population.
(2)It is reported that 844 species have ________________ in the past decade.
(3)He didn’t tell us for sure when his new book would ________________ but said that he was
working hard to finish it.
(4)Once they arrived，they ________________ to separate unrecyclable rubbish from the waste
that was reusable.
(5)It ________________ that the maths problem was difficult，but my partner and I decided to
____________ it ____________.
stressed out 疲惫不堪；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调
stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)
under stress在压力之下
lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……
(1)面对这样一个压力巨大的挑战，我非常焦虑，感觉如坐针毡。老师感觉到我压力很大，
就拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰和鼓励我。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Faced with ________________________ ， so anxious was I that I was on pins and
needles.Sensing I ____________________，my teacher patted me on the shoulder，comforting
and encouraging me.
(2)我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
I can’t ________________________________________________________________________
ocean conservation too much.
sum up总结；概括
make up弥补；构成；编造；和解
make up for补偿，弥补
turn up 开大；出现go up 上升；上涨
set up 设立；建立
take up开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)；拿起
add up加起来；总计
用“动词＋up”短语的适当形式填空
(1)The story may ____________________ in one sentence: Hard work can __________________
a lack of ability.
(2)With the price of houses ____________________ ， I have no alternative but to
______________ a part-time job in a company that __________________ by my friends three
years ago.
(3)(读后续写之动作链描写)Once my mother ________________，I swallowed my pride，
rushed to her and said sorry to her，trying to ________________ with her.
(4)I have great difficulty ________________ these numbers，so could you please give me a hand?
倍数表达法 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times
faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。
倍数的表达方式：
•A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B
•A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B
•A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of B
这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。
(1)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is
__________________________ what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as)
(2)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is
__________________________ what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than)
(3)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is
__________________________ what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．claim
(1)It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol，indicating strength and a sense of
national identity.____________(2)The police say that if no one claims the watch，you can keep it.____________
(3)The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery.____________
(4)It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives.____________
2．mass
(1)There is a mass of cloud in the sky and it seems as if it is going to rain.____________
(2)There is no doubt that the trains provide cheap travel for the masses.____________
(3)Most importantly，Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification，which he
showed in New York City.(2022·浙江1月)____________
(4)Wherever the band went，masses of fans would welcome them at the airport.____________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)When hearing the familiar sound of the horn of ships ， I can’t help bursting into
tears.____________
(2)What trick are those children hatching？____________
(3)She was displeased with absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather surprised
that she became a “regular”．(2020·全国Ⅲ) ____________
(4)You’re going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back.____________
(5)At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then，as I went on with my task，unwilling to
quit，my nose briefly prevented entry.(2021·浙江1月)____________
(6)I can’t work next weekend—will you switch with me？____________
(7)I watched for the desert sunsets，and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of
years ago.____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．After being rejected as a fashion designer，the young man switched ____________
environment conversation.
2．The bridge completed last year collapsed，and it was said that an overloaded truck was
______________(blame)．
3．However hard he works，he won’t be recognised as a success by his mother，which is
really ____________(annoy)．
4．As a result of disciplines，the construction speed has been three times faster ____________
the speed in the previous days.
5．The ultimate goal of the millionaire is to earn __________(billion) of dollars at the end of the
year.
6．It ________________(claim) that another three astronauts will be sent into space next month.
7．Many party members are devoted to wiping ____________ poverty in underdeveloped areas.
8．You are required to sum ____________ the main idea of the passage with a maximum，rather
than a minimum of 6 words.9．Without the hybrid rice cultivated by Yuan Longping，many people ________________(die)
from hunger in the past.
10．____________ took much time as well as patience to convince him to stay in when parents
went out.
2023·北京
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主
题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.活动形式；
2.活动内容。
完成句子
1．我写信是想告诉你一些与主题是“绿色北京”的社团活动有关的事情。(be related to；定
语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．首先，适合组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色地方，同时推广环保交通。(be
suitable to do；while doing)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．为什么不开始种树，既美化城市，又净化空气？(set out)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．绿色北京离不开大家的共同努力，所以我强调的是当地志愿者和环保组织之间的合作。
(without引导含蓄虚拟语气；lay stress on)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．只要你考虑以上建议，你就可以成功地组织这个活动，所以不要感到有压力。(stressed
out)
________________________________________________________________________
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组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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教材语料整合
[情感描写] anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed；cruel
[动作描写] destroy；recycle；do one’s part；hunt；wipe out；
decrease；hatch；sum；restore；relate；blame；set out；wrap；
亮词
swallow；affect；carve
[环境描写] dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；
varied；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm
1.How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？
(人物描写)
美句
2．Do whichever of these things that suit you.Don’t just sit around and
complain！(结尾升华句)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“头部”动作
drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head 低头 put/hold/bury one’s head in
one’s hands 双手抱头 nod/shake one’s head 点/摇头 rest one’s head
词块
on/against 把头靠在……上面 scratch one’s head 挠头 raise one’s
head 抬头 throw one’s head back 把头往后仰
When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be
asleep.(现在分词短语作状语)
他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
句型 Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.
(现在分词短语作状语)
她母亲停止了家务，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。
I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder andcould hardly resist weeping.(动作链描写)我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头
靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.(独立主格)
我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
语料运用 环境保护
I lived in a historic and scenic town.However，I ①________________________________
recently and I couldn’t swallow my anger.When I walked slowly in each place，I saw varied
plastic packaging ， shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees.Then I
②________________________________________________________( 动 作 链 描 写 ) ． My
mother stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action.Finally ， I
③___________________，with hope in my eyes.Besides，there were often traffic jams in the
town.Anxious about my town ， I set out to clean up the rubbish with other
environmentalists.Instead of ④___________________ ， I decided to affect others with my
behaviour.
我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控
制我的愤怒。当我慢慢地走在每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在
墙上和树上的字。然后我走近母亲，坐在她身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
母亲抚摸着我的头，鼓励我立即采取行动。最后，我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。
此外，镇上经常有交通堵塞。我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃
圾。我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。
