文档内容
主题对接教材
人教版 必修第一册 Unit 2 Travelling around
必修第二册 Unit 5 On the road；选择性必修第一册 Unit 6 Nurturing
外研版
nature；选择性必修第三册 Unit 6 Nature in words
译林版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．landmark n．地标
2．cave n．山洞，洞穴
3．coral n．珊瑚 adj.珊瑚色的
4．belt n．地带，地区；腰带；传送带
5．suspend vt.暂停；推迟；悬，挂
6．corridor n．走廊，地带；通道
7．basin n．盆地；盆，洗脸盆；流域
8．jungle n．(热带)丛林
9．soil n．土壤，土地；国土，领土
10．motion n．提议，动议；运动；动作
11．brochure n．小册子
12．showcase n．展示的场合；玻璃柜台
13．agenda n．计划，方案；日程表，议事日程
14．milestone n．重要阶段；里程碑
15．primitive adj.简陋的；落后的；原始的，远古的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．incident n．事件；冲突
2．outcome n．结果；效果3．intense adj.很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的
4．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进
5．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
6．beneath prep.在(或往)……下面，下方；不够好
7．fee n．费用；报酬
8．branch n．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
9．awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n．敬畏，惊叹
10．nail n．钉子；指甲 vt.固定
11．internal adj.内部的；国内的
12．stride vi.大步走； 阔步行走
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．various adj.各种各样的→vary v．变化→variety n．多样性；种类→varied adj.多变的；
各种各样的
2．expand v．扩张；增加；详述→expansion n．扩展，扩大，膨胀
3．prohibition n．禁止；阻止；禁令→prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止
4．rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的→reward vt.& n．回报；酬劳；奖励
5．assess vt.评估，评定；估算→assessment n．评估，评价；估价，估计
6．pursue vt.追求，致力于；执行；追逐→pursuit n．追求；追踪
7．favo(u)r n．支持；赞同 vt.较喜欢；有利于→favo(u)rable adj.支持的；有利的
8．assign vt.指定，指派；分配→assignment n．作业，任务；(工作等的)分配，指派
9．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n．感激，感谢；欣赏；理解
→appreciative adj.感激的
10．towering adj.高大的，高耸的；杰出的→tower n．塔；发射塔；塔状建筑
11．incredible adj.极好的，极大的；难以置信的→incredibly adv.难以置信地；非常地
12．entry n．进入；入口；参与；参赛；参赛作品→enter v．进入；开始从事，开始做；
参加，报名
13．interrupt v．打扰；插嘴；使暂停，使中断；阻挡；遮挡→interruption n．打扰；插嘴；
暂停；阻断物，中断期
14．migration n．迁徙；迁移；移居→migrate v．(候鸟或动物)迁徙；(尤指为找工作)移居；
迁移；转移
15．disturb vt.干扰；扰乱；使不安→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturbance
n．打扰；紊乱；妨碍
16．amusement n．娱乐(活动)；愉悦→amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐→amusing adj.逗人
笑的；有乐趣的→amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的
17．particularly adv.尤其；特别地→particular adj.特别的，特定的；讲究的18．naturally adv.天然地；自然地→natural adj.自然的→nature n．自然；天性
19．economy n．经济；经济(情况)→economic adj.经济(上)的；赚钱的→economical adj.节
约的；经济实惠的→economist n．经济学家→economics n．经济学
20．operator n．操作人员，技工；接线员→operation n．运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；
(有组织的)活动，行动→operate v．操纵，操作(机器或设备)；(机器等)运转，运行；管理，
经营；做手术
21．preserve vt.维护，保护；保存；维持→preservation n．保护，维护；保留；维持；(食
物的)保存；保存的状况，保养的程度
22．ecology n．生态，生态学→ecological adj.生态的，生态学的；主张生态保护的
→ecologist n．生态学者；生态保护论者
1．antelope n．羚羊
2．biodiversity n．生物多样性
3．stroll v．闲逛；漫步
4．archaeologist n．考古学家
5．negotiable adj.可协商的
6．permafrost n．永久冻土层
7．UNESCO abbr.联合国教科文组织
8．microorganism n．微生物
9．observatory n．天文台；气象台
10．memorable adj.难忘的；值得纪念的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．due to因为，由于
2．wear down (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平
3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗
4．in favour of支持，赞同
5．take shape成形，有了模样
6．in turn相应地，转而
7．build up逐渐增加，扩大
8．be made up of由……组成
9．burn to the ground 全部焚毁
10．get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
11．be supposed to应当；应该
12．give way to让步；屈服；被……代替13．in the long term从长远角度看；长期内
14．make one’s way 前往
15．give rise to 造成；引起；导致
16．turn to 转向，求助于
17．invite sb to do...邀请某人做……
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．“疑问词＋不定式”作主语
How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。
2．make＋宾语＋宾补
This makes it an important cultural heritage site not just for China，but for all people around
the world.
这使得它不仅成为中国的重要文化遗址，也成为全世界人民的重要文化遗址。
3．主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式
Some names carved by some tourists are easy to find on the stones of the Great Wall，which
has caused great damage to the cultural heritage.
在长城的石头上很容易发现一些游客刻的名字，这对文化遗产造成了很大的破坏。
4．if的省略结构
If so，you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and
natural importance to mankind.
如果是这样的话，你可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在努力保护对人类具有文化和
自然重要性的遗迹了。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．motion n．提议，动议；运动；动作
2．landmark n．地标
3．belt n．地带，地区；腰带；传送带
4．soil n．土壤，土地；国土，领土
5．primitive adj.简陋的；落后的；原始的，远古的
6．brochure n．小册子
7．showcase n．展示的场合；玻璃柜台
8．cave n．山洞，洞穴
9．agenda n．计划，方案；日程表，议事日程
10．milestone n．重要阶段；里程碑Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．branch n．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
2．incident n．事件；冲突
3．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进
4．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
5．stride vi.大步走； 阔步行走
6．awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n．敬畏，惊叹
7．outcome n．结果；效果
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．favo(u)r n．支持；赞同 vt.较喜欢；有利于→favo(u)rable adj.支持的；有利的
2．disturb vt.干扰；扰乱；使不安→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturbance
n．打扰；紊乱；妨碍
3．prohibition n．禁止；阻止；禁令→prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止
4．assign vt.指定，指派；分配→assignment n．作业，任务；(工作等的)分配，指派
5．incredible adj.极好的，极大的；难以置信的→incredibly adv.难以置信地；非常地
6．pursue vt.追求，致力于；执行；追逐→pursuit n．追求；追踪
7．amusement n．娱乐(活动)；愉悦→amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐→amusing adj.逗人笑
的；有乐趣的→amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的
8．operator n．操作人员，技工；接线员→operation n．运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；
(有组织的)活动，行动→operate v．操纵，操作(机器或设备)；(机器等)运转，运行；管理，
经营；做手术
9．ecology n．生态，生态学→ecological adj.生态的，生态学的；主张生态保护的
→ecologist n．生态学者；生态保护论者
10．entry n．进入；入口；参与；参赛；参赛作品→enter v．进入；开始从事，开始做；
参加，报名
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．biodiversity n．生物多样性
2．archaeologist n．考古学家
3．negotiable adj.可协商的
4．observatory n．天文台；气象台
5．memorable adj.难忘的；值得纪念的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．wear down (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平
2．in favour of 支持，赞同
3．be made up of 由……组成4．in turn 相应地，转而
5．build up 逐渐增加，扩大
6． make one ’ s way 前往
7．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
8．invite sb to do... 邀请某人做……
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．It turned out to be an unforgettable and rewarding experience，which rewarded us with many
benefits.(reward)
2．There are various/varied trees in the rainforest which is home to a rich variety of medicinal
plants，insects，birds and animals.(vary)
3．It is her nature to trust whoever she meets.So naturally，she is often taken in by others.
(nature)
4．John went to America to study economics aiming to help his country become a powerful
economy.Now he is a famous economist but he is economical in all areas of his life.(economy)
5．He can quickly assess the value of an object and his assessment is usually close to the fact.
(assess)
6．The city has been expanding rapidly，whose expansion has brought damage to the natural
surroundings.(expand)
7．As we try our best to preserve pandas，we should also pay attention to the preservation of
their habitats.(preserve)
8．All of the soldiers were appreciative of the medical workers and they wrote a letter of
appreciation to appreciate their generous assistance.(appreciate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．The volcano erupted.As a result，many houses were covered with lava or burned to the
ground.
2．In many parts of the world，the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public
health problems.
3．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve
everything from our past as we move towards the future.
4．Most importantly，we are supposed to plant more and more trees in order to live a healthier
life.
5．Protecting our environment is very costly，but it will benefit the whole society in the long
term.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)1．优美的景色使得张家界成为中国著名的旅游胜地。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
The beautiful scenery makes Zhangjiajie a famous tourist attraction in China.
2．当我告诉她那里的空气难以呼吸而且天气很冷时，她说这会是一次有趣的经历。(主语＋
be＋adj.＋不定式)
When I told her the air there would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it
would be an interesting experience.
3．如果可能的话，我想去爬乞力马扎罗山，我相信这会对我有很大的好处。(if省略句)
If possible，I’d like to climb Mount Kilimanjaro，which I believe will be of great benefit to me.
4．一些文化遗产已遭破坏，如何保护它们是人们考虑的首要问题之一。(疑问词＋不定式)
Some of cultural relics have been damaged and how to protect them is among the top concerns.
Some volunteers to protect Tibetan antelopes 1.were wanted(want) and fortunately，I was
able to become one of them! When my friend and I saw the job
2.advertisement/advertised(advertise) on a brochure，we were both excited，for both of us loved
Tibetan antelopes and were in favour of the laws to protect the lovely animals.I used to be an
operator in a large company.I had to wear special glasses to avoid radiation while
3.working(work)．I was really tired of it.4.Luckily(lucky)，it was incredibly exciting that my
friend and I were chosen from so many 5.applicants(apply)．But the news really disturbed my
parents at the time，because they were worried that I couldn’t put up 6.with the poor working
conditions there.I had a talk with them and told them I had a preference for all kinds of challenges
and I also had 7.the qualification to do the job.They decided to appreciate my new job.When my
friend and I arrived there，a young leader greeted us warmly.We 8.saw(see) a splendid landmark
as well as some Tibetan antelopes eating grass at 9.their(they) leisure.We were wandering on the
massive grassland，enjoying the beautiful scenery.It hit me 10.that I should be a conservationist to
protect the delicate ecosystem.
favo(u)r n．支持；帮助；喜爱，好感 vt.较喜欢；有利于[favo(u)rable adj.给人好印象
的；赞成的，支持的；有利的]
in favour of支持，赞成
in sb’s favour对某人有利
do sb a favour(＝do a favour for sb)帮某人的忙
ask sb a favour(＝ask a favour of sb)请某人帮忙(1)Favo(u)rable(favour) policies will undoubtedly further encourage employees’ professional
development.
(2)Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a
seventeen-year-old girl.(2020·天津)
(3)People who are in favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the
countryside.
(4)我写信是想告诉你我暑假期间去山里捡垃圾的计划，我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙。(应
用文写作之求助信)
I’m writing to tell you about my plan to pick up garbage in the mountains during the summer
vacation and I wonder if you could do me a favo(u)r/do a favo(u)r for me.
particularly adv.尤其；特别地(particular adj.特别的，特定的；讲究的)
be particular about/over对……挑剔；讲究……
in particular 尤其是；特别是
(1)He is very open-minded，and won’t be particular about/over these small things.
(2)The soil must not be over-watered，particularly(particular) during the first few weeks.
(3)作为一个对旅行特别感兴趣的中国人，我想介绍我最喜欢的旅游景点——泰山。(话题写
作之旅游)
As a Chinese who is interested in travelling in particular/particularly，I would like to introduce
my favorite tourist attraction—Mount Tai.
in turn 相应地，转而；轮流，依次；逐个
by turns轮流
take turns to do...轮流做……
it is one’s turn (to do sth) 轮到某人(做某事)
用turn短语的正确形式填空
Some student representatives (1)took turns to deliver a speech at the coming-of-age
ceremony.Finally，it (2)was my turn.I was so excited that my hands were shaking.Personally，in
the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and (3)in turn，we should
take care of them from now on.For instance，we and our parents can do housework (4)by turns.
if 的省略结构 If so，you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to
preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.如果是这样的话，你可能已经
明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在努力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗迹了。·if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，so代替前面提到的
句子。
·由if构成的此类省略形式还有：
if not如果不，不然的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if any如果有的话
if possible如果可能的话
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
(1)We can’t live without water，but a lot of water is being wasted.If so，the water resource will
be used up one day.
(2)如有必要，我们将组织一场活动来提高公众保护自然资源的意识。
If necessary，we will organize an activity to raise public awareness of protecting our natural
resources.
(3)总之，我们必须保护水资源并寻找重复利用水的方法。不然的话，最后一滴水将是我们
的眼泪。(话题写作之环境保护)
In a word，we must preserve the water resource as well as find ways to reuse it.If not，the last
drop of water will be our teardrop.
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
1．turn to
(1)He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.(2020·
新课标Ⅰ) B
(2)It is time that he turned his mind to more serious problems. D
(3)Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.(2020·全国Ⅰ) A
(4)Don’t always turn to the dictionary when you come across a new word. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
(1)It was incredibly unbelievable that the police officer was suspended because of a complaint.vt.
暂停职务
(2)He thought he had better track this wolf and see where it lived.vt.跟踪
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1 ． Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure
travel，various/varied(vary) types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.(2021·全国乙)2．We are in favour of the laws which are newly established to protect the air，forests and sea
resources.
3．When watching the amusing(amuse) show about water protection，she kept sneezing and her
nose was running.
4．The prohibition(prohibit) against hunting the antelopes came into effect many years ago.
5．I am particularly(particular) fond of basketball because it has been giving me strength to face
the challenges in my life.
6．During the summer holidays，the teachers were on duty by turns(turn)．
7．It was supposed to be(be) a surprise but the children gave the game away.
8．The couple managed to seek out a quiet place where they could sit down and admire the
natural(nature) scenery.
9．The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.
10．Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student in pursuit(pursue)
of her goal of earning a nursing degree.
11．Since he graduated from the university，he has been in charge of many branches(branch) of
the company in Shanghai.
12 ． A student interrupted(interrupt) me in class by asking me a question contrary to my
requirement.
13．We will combine conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand(expand) our
knowledge.
14．Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(assign) during the course.(2022·
新课标Ⅰ)
15．Its oldness and uniqueness make it a popular tourist attraction for Chinese and foreign
tourists.
假定你是李华，你校将于下周五举办一次以“保护自然遗产”Protect the Natural
Heritage为主题的讲座，请你代表校学生会给你校的留学生Henry写封信，邀请他参加该讲
座。内容包括：
1.写信目的；2.讲座的时间、地点及意义；3.期盼回复。
完成句子
1．我代表学生会写信邀请你参加主题为“保护自然遗产”的讲座，该讲座将于下周五下午
2：30至4：30在演讲厅举行。(invite sb to do；natural)2．我们邀请了在我们城市特别受欢迎的环保主义者李教授为我们做讲座，三名学生也将轮
流展示他们的建议。(particularly；by turns)
3．它可以提高我们的环保意识，让学生意识到自然遗产很难保护，我们还有很长的路要走。
(主语＋be＋ adj.＋不定式)
4．同时，讲座可以让人们思考如何保护自然遗产的绝妙想法。(make it possible for people
to...)
5．如果你能来和我们分享你的想法，我们将不胜感激。(appreciate)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Henry，
On behalf of the Student Council，I am writing to invite you to attend a lecture themed on
“Protect the Natural Heritage”，which will be held from 2：30 pm to 4：30 pm next Friday in
the lecture hall.
We have invited Professor Li，a particularly popular environmentalist in our city，to give us
the lecture ， and three students will also deliver their speeches by turns.It can raise our
environmental awareness and make students realize that natural heritage is difficult to preserve and
we still have a long way to go.Meanwhile，the lecture can make it possible for people to think up
brilliant ideas about how to protect the natural heritage.
We would appreciate it if you could come and share your ideas with us.Looking forward to
your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
语料积累 动作细节描写：动“脚”
jump/leap/spring to one’s feet 跳起来 get/rise to one’s feet 站起来
词块 stride into the room大步走进房间 drag one’s feet 拖着脚步
tap/stamp one’s feet 跺脚 put one’s feet up 翘起脚休息go jogging去慢跑 wander/stroll on campus在校园里漫步
1.He shivered as his feet touched the cold floor.当他的脚一碰到冰冷的地板时，
他哆嗦了一下。
2.She dragged her feet as she reluctantly followed her parents.她不情愿地跟在父
母后面，拖着脚步。
3.Wandering/Strolling towards the museum，we chatted about what we would
enjoy.(现在分词短语作状语)我们溜达着向博物馆走去，聊着我们会喜欢什么。
4.My feet slipped as I was about to shoot and I missed the ball.
句型
当我正要射门的时候，我脚下滑了一下，一脚踢空。
5.So annoyed were we that we stamped our feet in anger，thinking about what to
do with the situation.(倒装句)我们非常恼火，愤怒地跺着脚，思考着该如何处理
这种情况。
6.He tripped over the step and fell.他在台阶上绊了一跤，摔倒了。
7.Her eyes widened in surprise as she saw Helen rise to her feet.
当她看到海伦站起来时，她惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
语料运用 ①Wandering/Strolling towards the city park(现在分词短语作状语)，my friend Tom
and I chatted about the beautiful scenery and the mirror-like lake in the park.We ②strode into the
park，only to find that litter lay on the ground next to a dustbin.③So annoyed were both of us that
we stamped our feet in anger(倒装句)，thinking about how to change the situation.A good idea
occurring to me，I ④sprang/jumped/leapt to my feet in excitement.We dashed to the building of
the City Hall，our foreheads wet with sweat，and successfully persuaded the officers to replace
the old dustbin with a new one that could squeeze trash down without being emptied often.On the
way back home，we ⑤put our feet up on a roadside bench，with a happy smile rising on the
corners of our mouth.
漫步走向城市公园，我和我的朋友汤姆聊着公园里美丽的风景和镜子般的湖泊。我们大步走
进公园，却发现垃圾在垃圾桶在旁边的地上。我们俩都很恼火，愤怒地跺着脚，想着如何改
变这种情况。我突然想到一个好主意，我兴奋地跳了起来。我们冲到市政厅大楼，满头大汗，
成功地说服了公职人员将旧的垃圾桶更换成新的，这样的垃圾桶可以把垃圾挤下去，而不需
要经常清空。在回家的路上，我们在路边的长凳上翘起脚休息，嘴角露出了快乐的笑容。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Tom Brown’s orchard(果园)，known as Heritage Apples，is home to 700 varieties of
apples.They are among the 1,200 endangered varieties that Brown has recovered from six southernstates.Many of these have not been sold for a century or so.In fact，he cloned some of the apples
from the last remaining trees of their kinds.
Before Brown discovered lost apples，he was a chemical engineer who，along with his
wife，Merrikay Brown，enjoyed visiting farmers’ markets.It was at one，in 1999，that he
became fascinated by baskets full of heritage apples with unfamiliar names such as Kane ，
Lawver，Rusty Coat，and Rambo.These apples had shapes，colors，and tastes like no apples
Brown had ever seen before.The seller Maurice Marshall told him other lost apples might still be
found in the area.Interested，Brown went in search of them.
Brown advertised in area newspapers seeking information about old apple trees.The response
was exciting，but few brought concrete information.Actually，most of the leads about the
whereabouts of these old trees come from people in their 70s,80s，and 90s，many of whom he
met at local businesses and at festivals where he exhibited heritage apples.When Brown finds a
tree，he cuts a branch off and returns during fruiting season to identify them.He compares leaves
and apples to historical seed catalogs，and uses photos to correspond with experts for further
confirmation.
In 1905，there were more than 7,000 apple varieties in the United States.Then people moved
to urban areas and grew less of their own food while large agribusinesses preferred selling fewer
varieties，ones that were familiar and shipped easily.Saving the long-forgotten fruits is a race
against time.Now，the 79-year-old has to drive over 30,000 miles a year and devotes around three
days a week to apple-hunting.He hopes to recover another 100 varieties or more in his lifetime.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了布朗致力于保护自然遗产——寻找和恢复濒危的古
老苹果物种，以保存它们的多样性和文化历史。
1．What do we learn about the apples in Brown’s orchard?
A．They are rare species.
B．They are mostly clones.
C．They sell well in the market.
D．They adapt to different climates.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“They are among the 1,200 endangered varieties that Brown
has recovered from six southern states.”可知，布朗果园里的苹果都是稀有的濒危品种，故选
A。
2．What did Brown decide to do after talking with Marshall?
A．Help him promote fruits.
B．Recover the lost apples.
C．Learn to plant fruit trees from him.D．Taste the apples mentioned by him.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The seller Maurice Marshall told him other lost
apples might still be found in the area.Interested，Brown went in search of them.”可知，在与马
歇尔谈话后，布朗决定找回遗失的苹果，故选B。
3．How did Brown locate most of the lost varieties?
A．By referring to documents.
B．By putting advertisements.
C．By consulting the elderly.
D．By communicating with experts.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Actually，most of the leads about the whereabouts of
these old trees come from people in their 70s,80s，and 90s...”可知，布朗是通过咨询老年人找
到大部分遗失的品种的，故选C。
4．What does the author intend to tell us about Brown?
A．His colorful retirement life.
B．His work in protecting fruit trees.
C．His love for popularizing gardening.
D．His contributions to saving lost apple species.
答案 D
解析 写作意图题。通读全文特别是最后一段最后两句“Now，the 79-year-old has to drive
over 30,000 miles a year and devotes around three days a week to apple-hunting.He hopes to
recover another 100 varieties or more in his lifetime.”可知，文章主要讲述老人布朗寻找、恢
复遗失的苹果物种，因此推断作者的目的是讲述布朗为拯救遗失的苹果品种所做的贡献。故
选D。
B
John “Charlie” Veron—widely known as “the Godfather of Coral Reef(珊瑚礁)”—is a
celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and
has spent the past 45 years diving Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.But now the 73-year-old is
raising the alarm about its future.The Great Barrier Reef，one of the natural wonders，is 2,300
kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space.It is considered a World
Treasure Site due to its biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and
sharks.Within the reef itself，there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes.
However，its health is threatened.After the recent mass bleaching(白化) events，Veron dived
in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage for himself.“I was seeing and feeling it
and it was absolutely shocking，” he says.Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years—and the possibility of losing one
of nature’s greatest treasures—were a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against
climate change，which，together with the rising sea temperature，is considered the greatest
threats to the reef.
Fortunately，earlier this year，the Australian government announced nearly 400 million
dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef.
There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process for the funding.“It won’t be
wasted，though，” Veron says.“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to
protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef.What the scientists hope to
do is to help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come
down.”
5．Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a treasure site?
A．It is a natural wonder.
B．It can be seen from space.
C．It has a rich variety of species.
D．It is home to a great many fishes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is considered a World Treasure Site due to its
biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and sharks.”可知，大堡礁被认
为是一块宝地是因为其自身的生物多样性。故选C。
6．What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph?
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Positive.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank
to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef...”可知，对于大堡礁的
未来Veron持积极乐观的态度。故选D。
7．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Climate change is threatening biodiversity.
B．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction.
C．Scientists have found major factors in the reef’s bleaching.
D．Veron has made great contributions to environmental protection.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大堡礁因为其生物多样性被认为是一块宝地；第二、
三段讲述了大堡礁正在受到威胁；第四、五段介绍了澳大利亚政府为了帮助大堡礁所做的努力以及专家Veron所持的观点态度。由此可知，本文主要介绍了大堡礁正在面临消亡的危险，
故选B。
8．What is the text?
A．A news report.
B．A travel guide.
C．A research plan.
D．A journal entry.
答案 A
解析 文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大堡礁作为宝地的原因、正在受到威胁
的现状以及政府和专家对此现象所持的态度。由此可推知，本文属于新闻报道，故选A。
C
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，B)
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing
how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing
through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to
wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing
nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of
fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants，he
figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would
later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．
First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around
to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks
and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their
own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure
water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that
treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to
clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a
box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and
observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-
repair.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。 John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折
服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了“生
态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
9．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“John
started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”，第
二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题
可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。
10．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco-machine.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...placed them in the tanks”可知，John为了利用生态
机器清理污泥中的有害物质，往水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was
pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John把污泥放入水箱是为
了检验生态机器的效果，故D项正确。
11．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A．To review John’s research plans.
B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。上文讲到了 John 的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the
years，John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作，可推断
本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项
正确。
12．What is the basis for John’s work?A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became
clear after...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”展开，讲述
John利用自然的自我修复能力致力于“生态设计”，且最后一段中的“Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修
复”这一理念，故A项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
Wonderful views from the mountains，breathtaking places waiting to explore，fresh air，as
well as all the special health benefits，are the main rewards of mountain hiking. 1
You need to train your lower body muscles，anytime and anywhere.Strong legs and core
muscles will improve your balance and help you hike longer.Focus on your lower body strength
and on your cardiovascular(心血管的) workout. 2 You really can train anywhere：use your
backyard，living room，or bedroom to keep your body ready for the true conditions in the
mountains.
You will need a stronger back.Who’s going to carry your backpack？ 3 So we are quite
sure what the true answer is.Develop back muscles with exercises like V-ups，deadlifts，diver
push-ups，and exercise named “mountain climbers”：Start in a traditional plank(平板支撑)
position and then bring your knee forward under your chest.You will start to feel your abs(腹肌) for
sure，too.
4 Even Rome wasn’t built in a day so give yourself the pleasure to enjoy discovering
what your body is capable of! All the perfect benefits will improve your blood pressure and blood
sugar levels，helping you strengthen your core，and even help you control your weight as an
additional benefit. 5 Just don’t forget to stretch after each training.
Please remember that your training for mountain hiking should be combined with real
hiking.And don’t miss the other clues on what to do for mountaineering training!
A．Give yourself and your body time to prepare.
B．And don’t rely just on gyms or other similar areas.
C．Your balance will also get better and better over time.
D．However，there is always hidden danger in the mountains.
E．Try to combine muscle training with your indoor exercise.
F．However，it is of great significance to get prepared physically.
G．In the mountains，everyone should firstly be responsible for their own essentials.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。山地徒步有许多益处，但是进行山地徒步之前让身体做好准
备非常重要，文章阐述了有助于提高身体素质的一些策略。
1．答案 F
解析 上文阐述了山地徒步的益处，再结合下文每段的段首句可知本文主要阐述如何进行身
体训练，为徒步做好准备。F选项“然而，让身体准备好非常重要”能承上启下。故选F。
2．答案 B
解析 根据后文“You really can train anywhere”可知，B选项“不要只依赖健身房或其他类
似地点”能与前文形成顺承关系，并引出下文可以进行锻炼的地点。故选B。
3．答案 G
解析 根据上文“Who’s going to carry your backpack？”可知，G选项“在山上，每个人
都首先要为自己的必需品负责”能回答上文谁来背背包的问题，也解释了为什么需要锻炼背
部。故选G。
4．答案 A
解析 由下文“Even Rome wasn’t built in a day”可知，本段阐述的是做好身体准备是需要
时间的，不是一蹴而就的；A选项“给你自己和你的身体时间进行准备”符合本段主旨。故
选A。
5．答案 C
解析 上文“All the perfect benefits will improve...help you control your weight as an additional
benefit.”列举了此准备过程对身体的好处；C选项“你的平衡力也会变得越来越好”承接上
文，进一步阐述训练给身体带来的益处，符合语境。故选C。
