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UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
佳作抢鲜背 学写作思路，背精彩范文(人与自然——历险脱困)
简因与丈夫吵架后负气出走，在林中迷路，通过几次努力也没能找到回营地的
路线。太疲惫了，她不知不觉地睡着了……
精彩范文
It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Weak as she was，she struggled to her
feet，continuing searching for assistance. To her great joy，a helicopter was
flying overhead again and again.Eager and excited，she flagged her yellow
blouse and spared no effort to yell so as to attract others’
attention.Fortunately, she was eventually noticed and brought into the
helicopter.There，she saw her husband，a man staring at her ，wearing
an expression of relief.As tightly as possible，she hugged him and was too
thrilled to say anything.Besides ， they agreed never to quarrel again ，
determining to live the life to the fullest.
学习借鉴
1.富有感染力的形容词/副词/词组
fortunately，eventually，as tightly as possible，was too thrilled to，to the fullest
2.精彩的动词和词组：struggled to her feet，flagged，spared no effort to，attract
others’ attention，staring at
3.提分高级句式
(1)倒装句：Weak as she was，...
(2)现在分词短语作伴随状语
①continuing searching for assistance
②wearing an expression of relief
③determining to live the life...
(3)形容词短语作状语：Eager and excited，...
1.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地
→enthusiasm n.热情；热心
以练促学 单句语法填空/补全句子
①He is selfish and bad-tempered.Thus，he will never be enthusiastic about helping
those in trouble.
②Inspired by the enthusiasm(enthusiastic) and encouragement，David quickened
his pace in high spirits.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
③Bernard and John still made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of
several failures.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。,
用法归纳——————————————————————————
·be enthusiastic about (doing)sth 对(做)某事有热情
·lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically 热情地
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with，which
makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.(申请信)
我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。
2.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.妒忌的；羡慕的
以练促学 单句语法填空/补全句子①I envied (envy) him being enthusiastic and full of energy and it seemed that he
never felt exhausted.
②I am envious(envy) of you，because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.
③Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems
with logical mind.I am green with envy.
李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我十分羡慕。,
用法归纳——————————————————————————
·envy sb sth 羡慕/妒忌某人有某物
envy sb doing sth 羡慕/妒忌某人做某事
·with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地
out of envy 出于妒忌
be green with envy 妒忌得眼红
·be envious of... 羡慕/妒忌……
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent
Graduate and I should follow your example.
老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。
3.sink vi. (sank/sunk，sunk) 沉没；下沉；下降；倒下；坐下；(心情)沮丧，
(情绪)低落 vt.使下沉；使沉没 n.洗涤槽，水槽
以练促学 单句语法填空/补全句子
①With a sinking (sink) heart，he dragged his feet home.
②She murmured her thanks and sank/sunk(sink) down into her chair.
③Her heart sank/sunk.She felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t hold back
her tears.(情绪描写)
她心情沉重，突然感到很悲伤，忍不住落下泪来。,
用法归纳——————————————————————————
sink into/down/back 颓然坐下/重重倒下/向后倒下
sink into sth 渐渐进入(消极、不快等)状态
one’s heart sinks/spirits sink 心情沉重； 情绪低落a sinking feeling/ship 颓丧感/沉船
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 The moment his head hit the pillow，he sank into a deep sleep.(动作描
写)
他的头一碰到枕头，就沉沉地睡去了。
4.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；沉湎于n.尽情；放任→abandoned adj.被遗弃
的；放纵的
以练促学 单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
①The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend
may feel abandoned (abandon).(2022·全国乙卷)
②His last word went like a bullet to her heart.She burst into tears and abandoned
herself to despair.(情绪描写)
他最后一句话太扎心了。她大哭起来，陷入绝望。
③I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-
term examination.
→Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term
examination.(形容词短语作状语),
用法归纳——————————————————————————
·abandon oneself to (doing)sth 沉湎于(做)……；纵情于(做)……
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
·with abandon 放纵地，放任地
·be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)……
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 We sang，danced，and laughed with abandon，forgetting the troubles
in our lives.我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。
Smile abandoned her lips and her heart missed a bump.(情绪描写)
微笑从她的嘴角消失了，心跳仿佛漏跳了一拍。
5.resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念
→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
以练促学 单句语法填空/补全句子
①They made a resolution to lose(lose) all the weight gained during the Christmas
holidays.
②Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved
to spare no effort to protect them.
文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。,
用法归纳——————————————————————————
·resolve to do sth 决定做某事
·make a resolution to do sth 下定决心做某事
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put
ourselves in others’ place.(建议信)
为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地地为他人着想。
1.句型公式：as...as...
【教材原句】 How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas
Orde-Lees!
我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
以练促学 补全句子
①As far as I am concerned，the book is not as/so interesting as you think.
在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。
②We have devoted twice as much time and energy as she did before，so I am
greatly convinced that we will succeed.我们投入的时间和精力是她以前的两倍，所以我深信我们能成功。,
用法归纳——————————————————————————
“as＋adj./adv.＋as...”意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较，还有如下用
法：
·否定式：not as/so＋adj./ adv.＋as...
·倍数＋as＋ adj./adv.＋as...
·倍数＋as much/many＋n.＋as...
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 He is as hard-working as me，so he has made as much progress as
me.
他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样大的进步。
2.句型公式：if引导虚拟条件句
【教材原句】 If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
以练促学 补全句子
① If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good
news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday.
如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消
息。
②If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the
street.
如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让街上没有任何垃圾。(演
讲稿)
③If you hadn’t provided support and help for us，our performance wouldn’t have
been so successful.(感谢信)如果你没有给我们提供支持和帮助，我们的演出就不会这么成功。,
用法归纳——————————————————————————
本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在 if虚拟
条件句中的运用如下：
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的 动词的过去式(be动词一般 would/could/should/might＋
假设 用were) 动词原形
与过去事实相反的 would/could/should/might＋
had＋过去分词
假设 have＋过去分词
(1)动词的过去式
与将来事实相反的 would/could/should/might＋
(2)were to＋动词原形
假设 动词原形
(3)should＋动词原形
————————————————————————————————
佳句背诵 If I had followed your advice，I would have passed the important
exam.
如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。
维度一 语境辨义练——熟词生义/一词多义
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①To my sadness，my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking. adj . 沉湎于
②Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) n . 洗涤槽，水槽
③The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died. n . 树皮
2.选出rough的汉语意思
A.adj.汹涌的；风浪很大的 B.adj.崎岖的
C.adj.粗略的 D.adj.艰难的 E.adj.粗鲁的
①I can’t tolerate sailing in rough sea.A
②According to a rough estimate，about fifty seals starve to death annually.C
③I don’t know how to release the pressure in such a rough time.D④The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.B
⑤He is such a rough child that he doesn’t behave himself.E
维度二 语境运用练——单句语法填空
1.The sun was beginning to sink (sink) as I set off into the Harenna Forest.(2023·浙
江1月卷)
2.Unfortunately(fortunate)，there is no magic list I can offer.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
3.For example，one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves
at the beach for a while” was assigned (assign) the categories “sitting at beach”
and “listening to waves”.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
4.I went past the abandoned (abandon) milking house to see if they had fixed the
broken window.(2023·浙江1月卷)
5.It took the city roughly (rough) 2 weeks to restore the garden to its former beauty.
6.Advertisements (advertise) persuade us that newer is better and that we will be
happier with the latest products.
7.Dozens of qualified (qualify) students took part in the campaign and practised
frequently under the guidance (guide) of some experienced writers and teachers.
8.What amazing places you have visited in the past weeks!
9.Instead of resolving to lose(lose) weight ， try an actionable
resolution(resolve)：“I’ll stop having dessert for lunch.”
10.Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they won’t give
off waste gases.
练一 单元话题作文(人物介绍——探险家张骞)
1.根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文①如果没有张骞，最有影响力的探险家之一，就不会有丝绸之路。(if引导虚拟
条件句)
If it weren’t for Zhang Qian ， one of the most influential explorers ， there
wouldn’t be the Silk Road .
②张骞是汉代一位伟大的探险家，他两次被派出使西域。(assign，定语从句)
Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty who was assigned to travel
to the Western Regions twice.
③不管天气多么糟糕，他从不放弃他的任务。(miserable，abandon，assignment)
No matter how miserable the weather was ， he never abandoned his
assignment .
④他克服了困境，不仅向西方引进了丝绸和其他产品，而且带回了许多新的产
品和外界的技术知识。(adversity)
He overcame adversity ， and he not only introduced silk and other products to the
West but,
also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside
world.
⑤最激励我的是他完成探险的毅力和决心。(expedition，perseverance，
resolution，主语从句)
What inspires me most is his perseverance and resolution to complete his
expeditions .
2.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
If it weren’t for Zhang Qian ， one of the most influential explorers ， there
wouldn’t be the Silk Road.Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty
who was assigned to travel to the Western Regions twice.No matter how miserable
the weather was ， he never abandoned his assignment.Furthermore ， he
overcame adversity，and he not only introduced silk and other products to the West
but also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of theoutside world.What inspires me most is his perseverance and resolution to
complete his expeditions.
练二 续写增分技巧14——描写“激动与兴奋”
1.Enjoying the beautiful view，Mom could hardly contain her excitement.
欣赏着美景，妈妈兴奋得难以自抑。
2.Mom walked towards the lake，and then came an excited scream/then came a
scream of excitement.
妈妈朝湖边走去，然后传来一阵兴奋的尖叫声。
3.On the journey to the lake，a wide excitement took hold of Mom.
在去往湖边的途中，妈妈兴奋得不能自已。
4.Breathing in the fresh air and smelling the delicious food，we jumped up and
down in/with excitement.
呼吸着新鲜的空气、闻着美味的食物，我们兴奋地上蹦下跳。
5.As it was the first time that we had helped father cook food outdoors，my brother
and I also felt thrilled/excited.
因为这是第一次帮爸爸在户外做饭，我和哥哥也感到很兴奋。
[小试身手]
Father folded the map up，put it in his pocket and headed to the woods.①As we
settled ourselves comfortably in the grass，cool things started to occur.“Look！”
② Mom could hardly contain her excitement ， pointing at two rabbits eating
grass，“We’re not the only ones who think this is a good place for a picnic.” Just
then，we heard a big sound，and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees，and
flew into the sky！③ It occurred to me that this was the most magical thing I had
ever seen in my life!
父亲把地图折叠起来，放进他的口袋里，向树林走去。当我们在草地上舒服地
坐下时，绝妙的事情开始发生了。“看！”妈妈指着两只吃草的兔子，无法抑
制内心的激动：“并非只有我们认为这里是野餐的好地方。” 就在那时，我们
听到一声巨响，几百只鸟从树上飞起来，飞上了天空！我突然想到，这是我一
生中见过的最神奇的事情！
