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北师大版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 9 Human biology
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．phenomenon n．现象
2．lung n．肺
3．atom n．原子
4．camel n．骆驼
5．cattle n．牛
6．goat n．山羊
7．gene n．基因
8．ape n．猿
9．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的
10．bacteria n．细菌
11．zone n．地区，地带
12．artificially adv.人为地，人工地
13．clue n．线索，提示
14．arbitrary adj.任意的
15．intake n．摄入量，摄取量
16．embryo n．胚；胚胎；萌芽时期
17．hatch vt.& vi.孵出；孵化
18．ethical adj.伦理的；合乎道德的
19．organ n．器官
20．curse n．祸端，祸根；诅咒；咒语
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．twin n．双胞胎中的一个2．forever adv.永远；长久地
3．mere adj.仅仅，只不过
4．breakthrough n．突破，重大进展
5．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．烦扰
6．trial n．试验；审判，审理
7．symptom n．症状；征兆，征候
8．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
9．bound adj.很有可能，肯定会
10．private adj.私有的，自用的；私营的，民营的
11．infer vt.(inferred；inferred)推断，推定
12．widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
13．outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生
14．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
15．clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体
16．pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿
态
17．scan vt.(scanned；scanned)细看；浏览；扫描检查(物体或身体部位等)；(机器或计算机
程序)扫描
18．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完整的；全部的
2．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差异
3．estimate vt.& n．估计，估算→estimation n．估计；估算；判断
4．capable adj.有能力的；有才干的→capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
→incapable adj.无能力的；不能胜任的
5．calculate vt.计算，核算→calculation n．计算→calculator n．计算器
6．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→editor n．编辑；主编→edition n．版(本)
7．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革→innovation n．创新；改革
8．compare vt.& vi.比较，相比，比作 n．比较→comparison n．比较
9．contain vt.包含，容纳；控制→container n．容器；集装箱
10．regulation n．规则；规章；法规→regulate vt.调节；管理
11．identical adj.完全相同的，同一的→identity n．身份；同一性；一致
12．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classification n．归类，分类，分级
13．accumulate vi.(数量)逐渐增加 vt.积攒→accumulation n．积累，堆积；堆积物，堆积量14．object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；对象→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议→objective
adj.客观的；无偏见的 n．目标
15．oppose vt.反对；反抗→opposed adj.反对的；对立的→opposition n．反对
16．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless v．祝福；使有幸……→blessed adj.神圣的；幸福的
17．treat vt.治疗；对待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待方式
18．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏→burial n．埋葬，葬礼
19．physicist n．物理学家→physical adj.身体的；物质的；物理(学)的；根据自然规律的
→physically adv.肉体地，身体上地；依据自然规律，根本上
1．provoke vt.激起，引起
2．primate n．灵长目动物
3．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高
4．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
5．constitution n．体质；身体素质；宪法；章程
6．impulse n．(神经)冲动；(电)脉冲
7．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的
8．skyrocket v．激增；猛涨
9．commercialize v．使商业化；利用……牟利
10．compulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．die of死于……
2．suffer from遭受……
3．be bound to必定
4．according to根据
5．a form of...一种……形式
6．have the potential to do sth有潜能做某事
7．a number of许多，大量的
8．be devoted to致力于……
9．be buried in埋头于/专心于……
10．apply to适用于；应用于
11．identify...as...确认……是……
12．differ from sb/sth in...在……方面与某人/某物不同
13．suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事；怀疑某人有罪14．get through用完，耗尽；接通；(设法)处理；完成；度过，熬过
15．depend on/upon 取决于
16．carry out履行；执行
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．that 引导表语从句
The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will
survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果出现某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，而另一些却能存活下来，
并把抵抗这种疾病的能力传给下一代。
2．过去分词短语作定语
The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996，which got a lot of
attention.
第一个成功克隆的动物是1996年一只名叫多莉的绵羊，这引起了很多关注。
3．while引导让步状语从句
While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.
虽然有些人认为这对科学进步至关重要，但另一些人提出了道德上的担忧。
4．insist that...
Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.
研究人员坚持认为克隆科学应该被进一步探索和发展。
5．形容词短语作状语
Enthusiastic about the research of cloning technology，he often goes to the library to browse
books on this topic.
热衷于克隆技术的研究，他经常去图书馆翻阅这方面的书籍。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．phenomenon n．现象
2．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的
3．bacteria n．细菌
4．zone n．地区，地带
5．artificially adv.人为地，人工地
6．arbitrary adj.任意的
7．intake n．摄入量，摄取量
8．embryo n．胚；胚胎；萌芽时期
9．ethical adj.伦理的；合乎道德的10．organ n．器官
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．forever adv.永远；长久地
2．breakthrough n．突破，重大进展
3．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．烦扰
4．trial n．试验；审判，审理
5．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
6．bound adj.很有可能，肯定会
7．infer vt.推断，推定
8．pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿
态
9．scan vt.细看；浏览；扫描检查(物体或身体部位等)；(机器或计算机程序)扫描
10．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革→innovation n．创新；改革
2．compare vt.& vi.比较，相比，比作n.比较→comparison n．比较
3．identical adj.完全相同的，同一的→identity n．身份；同一性；一致
4．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏→ burial n．埋葬，葬礼
5．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→editor n．编辑；主编→edition n．版(本)
6．contain vt.包含，容纳；控制→container n．容器；集装箱
7．oppose vt.反对；反抗→opposed adj.反对的；对立的→opposition n．反对
8．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless v．祝福；使有幸……→blessed adj.神圣的；幸福的
9．regulation n．规则；规章；法规→regulate vt.调节；管理
10．physicist n．物理学家→physical adj.身体的；物质的；物理(学)的；根据自然规律的
→physically adv.肉体地，身体上地；依据自然规律，根本上
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．primate n．灵长目动物
2．betterment n． ( 个人社会和经济地位的 ) 改良，改善，提高
3．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
4．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的
5．commercialize v． 使商业化；利用 …… 牟利
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．die of 死于……
2．according to 根据
3．be buried in 埋头于 / 专心于 ……4．get through 用完，耗尽；接通；(设法)处理；完成；度过，熬过
5．apply to 适用于；应用于
6．identify...as... 确认……是……
7．differ from sb/sth in...在……方面与某人/某物不同
8．suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事；怀疑某人有罪
9．a form of... 一种 …… 形式
10．a number of 许多，大量的
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)
1．From the appearance，we cannot tell the differences between the twins，though they always
have some different ideas.(differ)
2．We should classify different kinds of garbage according to the garbage classification policy.
(classify)
3．Some of my colleagues objected to my plan and I decided to ignore their objection.(object)
4．The purpose of education not only is the accumulation of knowledge，but also means
accumulating useful skills.(accumulate)
5．Some doctors are treating her for her illness，that is，she is still under treatment.(treat)
6．What impresses us is Mr Wang’s ongoing capability to chase his dreams.He is always
capable of achieving his goals.(capable)
7．You will need to calculate how much time the assignment will take and make a rough
calculation.(calculate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．The moment the intelligent guy graduated from university，he was devoted to inventing
various household facilities.
2．Recently，a survey，which is about students’ housework engagement，has been carried out
in my class.
3．Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5
years.
4．They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species，and they worry about the ethical
issues this raises.
5．Science is a powerful instrument.Whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind depends on
mankind.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．自然克隆由来已久。自然克隆的一个例子是由同一个卵子产生的同卵双胞胎。 (过去分
词短语作定语)Natural cloning has been going on for generations.An example of natural cloning is identical twins
produced from the same egg.
2．问题是克隆羊多莉患上了一种更常见于年长动物的疾病。(that引导表语从句)
The problem is that Dolly ， the cloned sheep ， developed an illness which is more normally found
in much older animals.
3．虽然鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。(while引导的让步状语从
句)
While birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.
4．尽管有许多困难，这位伟大的科学家坚持他应该继续在克隆老鼠上做实验。(insist that...)
Despite many difficulties，the great scientist insisted that he (should) continue to do experiments
on cloned mice.
Natural cloning has taken place for generations.An example of this is identical twins.A
sheep 1.called(call) Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned 2.successfully(success) in 1996.Since
Dolly，more than 20 mammal species 3.have been cloned(clone) including camels，cattle and
goats.In 2018，China 4.announced(announce) that two monkeys had been cloned.In comparison
5.with other species，scientists had to work hard to break the technical barrier to get primates
with edited genes.Scientists say that this major breakthrough offers the potential 6.to
create(create) monkeys with identical genes,7.which gives more accurate research results and
perhaps leads to 8.effective(effect) treatments for various diseases.While scientists insist 9.it is
crucial to continue the research，others raise moral concerns and worry that the technology might
10.be abused(abuse) by some organizations.
differ vi.不同；相异；意见相左(difference n．不同之处 different adj.不同的)
•differ from＝be different from与……不同
•make a difference to对……起作用/产生影响
make no difference to对……不起作用，没有影响
(1)美式英语和英式英语在许多细微之处都有差异，但这些差异对沟通没有影响。(话题写作
之语言学习)
American and British English differ from/are different from each other in many small ways，but
the differences make no difference to communication.
(2)科技的发展对我们的生活产生了极大的影响。
The development of science and technology makes a great difference to our life.
oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(opposed adj.反对的；对立的 opposition n．反对；对手；竞争者)
•oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事
•be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
(1)The mayor is strongly opposed to building(build) new greenhouses，which may cost a lot of
money.
(2)Many educators strongly oppose protecting(protect) children too much.
(3)虽然许多人反对克隆技术，但另外一些人认为这是保护濒危物种的一种有效方式。
While/Although/Though many people oppose/are opposed to clone technology，others believe that
it can be an effective way of protecting endangered species.
treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式(treat n．招待；款待 v．对待；款待；请
客；治疗)
·under treatment在治疗中
·treat sb as...把某人看作……
treat sb to sth 招待某人吃……
treat sb with...以……方式对待某人
(1)The host treated his guests warmly and treated them to a big dinner.The guests were quite
satisfied with the treatment because they were well treated there.(用treat的适当形式或适当的
词填空)
(2)The physician treated the patient with drugs before the operation.
(3)在这项生物学研究上取得突破后，他被同事们视为英雄。
After making a breakthrough in this biological research，he was treated as a hero by his fellow
workers.
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心(burial n．埋葬，葬礼)
bury...in...把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面
be buried in＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
(1)这个女孩坐在那里，双手捂着脸。
The girl was sitting there，burying her face in her hands.
(2)由于埋头于研究，这位生物学家对外界一无所知。
Burying himself in his research/Buried in his research，the biologist knew nothing about the
outside world.形容词短语作状语 Enthusiastic about the research of cloning technology，he often
goes to the library to browse books on this topic.热衷于克隆技术的研究，他经常去图书馆翻
阅这方面的书籍。
形容词(短语)作状语：
•说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。
•表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
(1)Concerned(concern) about the environmental problem of our country，the authority encourages
the companies to make use of solar energy.
(2)Scared(scare) of the fierce wolf，the child froze on the spot，unable to utter a word.(读后续写
之恐惧心理描写)
(3)很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣，我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校正在举行的展览。(应
用文写作之邀请信)
Glad/Delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese paintings，I am writing to sincerely
invite you to visit the exhibition being hosted in our school.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．bother
(1)Sorry to bother you，but the manager is on the line. C
(2) —Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
—Don’t bother.I’ll drive her there.(2020·天津) A
(3)Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.(2020·新课标Ⅱ)
B
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years ，
governments worldwide have underlined the fact...强调
(2)She is not the only expert to issue a warning about the threat posed by solar storms.造成，引
起
(3)It’s obvious that his mere presence made all the workers feel afraid. 只凭 …… 就足以
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Almost drowned，the seaman is now under treatment in a local hospital.
2．The successful experiment has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead
to cures for various diseases.
3．When he heard the news that the two long-tailed monkeys were successfully rescued，he couldhardly contain himself(he)．
4．In comparison(compare) with other species，cloning primates has proved to be “much
harder”，and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.
5．The advantage of this kind of robot is that it can provide some assistance in new plant species
and medical research on animals.
6．Before birth，babies can tell the difference(differ) between loud sounds and voices.
7．Many students and parents oppose separating(separate) students into science and art students.
8．They wonder whether clones should be treated(treat) as objects or as individuals with their own
identity.
9．With the development of science and technology，drones have been applied to many fields in
the world.
10．The arguments caused(cause) by AI had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
11 ． While/Although/Though some people believe it is a major breakthrough in scientific
development，others raise moral concerns.
假设你是李华，最近你班就“人类是否应该开展克隆研究”进行了讨论，请根据讨论结
果，给某英文报社的记者写一封信报道此事。
完成句子
1．最近，我们班讨论了是否应该进行克隆研究。(clone；carry out)
2．一些学生认为克隆的好处是有助于拯救濒危动物。(that 引导的表语从句)
3．更重要的是，如果我们掌握了克隆的知识，我们就有潜力生产出用于移植手术的器官。
(have the potential to do；organ)
4．然而，有一些学生强烈反对。(be opposed to)
5．虽然克隆可以提高生活质量，但它可能会带来一些伦理问题，并产生一些不良的身体影
响。(while引导让步状语从句)
6．就我个人而言，政府应该谨慎对待克隆，并密切监测，因为我们对克隆未来会对世界产
生什么影响还不够了解。(treat)
组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about whether the clone research should be carried
out.
Some students think the advantage is that cloning is helpful in detecting the cures for many
diseases，which is also useful in saving the endangered animals.More importantly，if we have a
good command of the knowledge of cloning，we will have the potential to produce organs for
transplant surgeries.Nevertheless，there are some students who are strongly opposed to it.While
cloning would improve the quality of life，it might bring about some ethical issues and have some
bad physical effects.
Personally ， cloning should be treated with caution and monitored closely by the
government，because we do not understand enough what effects cloning will have on the world in
the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
语料积累 情感细节描写：失望与遗憾
disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointed adj.失望的
→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事 regret v．后悔，对……
单词
感到遗憾/抱歉 n．遗憾，失望→regretful adj.后悔的；失望的 sorry adj.遗憾
的
feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了 weep bitter tears of disappointment失
望地痛哭流涕
hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望
a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread over one’s face某人脸
词块 上露出失望/孤独的表情
be overcome/consumed with disappointment＝be overwhelmed by disappointment
非常失望
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 a ripple of regret welled up inside sb
某人心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪 tears of regret run/stream down one’s cheeks后悔的眼泪顺着某人的脸颊流下来
1.Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked
himself up in his room.
(分词作状语)他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。
2.His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize.当得知没有
获奖时，他的心一沉。
3.The news that he didn’t win a prize immediately threw him into low spirits.
句型 他没有获奖的消息立刻使他精神不振。
4.Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret
running/streaming down his cheeks.(独立主格结构)看到令人失望的结果，他
非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
5.It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me.How I
wished I hadn’t said those words！(强调句式，无灵主语句)
就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪。我真希望我没有说那些话！
语料运用 Edith is keen on science and invention.When she heard there was going to be a
competition about invention and innovation，she ① signed up for it without hesitation.Edith
spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ②everyone would be amazed at her
invention.However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it
didn’t work as expected.③She was overcome with bitter disappointment at her failing to invent
the machine.When she looked around ， ④ she found a look of disappointment flashing
across/spreading over some of the judges ’ faces (动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)．Lowering her
head，she was extremely frustrated，⑤a ripple of regret welling up inside her(独立主格)．She
was about to leave when a judge approached her and ⑥comforted her in a gentle
voice，“Don’t lose heart，honey.Failure is the mother of success.Bear in mind that ⑦success
belongs to those who never give up(定语从句)．”
伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说有一个关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参
加了。伊迪丝不遗余力地准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。然而，在比赛中，
当伊迪丝慢慢地打开机器时，它并没有像预期的那样工作。由于没能成功发明这台机器，她
感到极度失望。当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。她低下头，沮丧
极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾的涟漪。她正要离开时，一位评委走过来，用温柔的声音安慰她：
“亲爱的，别灰心。失败是成功之母。记住，成功属于那些永不放弃的人。”
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
AQuantum theory(量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever.Yet，a century
after its birth，something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory.It does not tell us how
physical systems behave.Instead，it treats any physical system as a black box：if you do this to it
now，it will react like that later.What happens in between？The theory simply doesn’t tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on.Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about
what lies behind quantum theory.Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality，
where a property is no more than something that affects something else.Perhaps this is precisely
what “properties” are：the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup.Its being blue is not a property of the cup
alone：colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a
consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup’s surface.Its being “a teacup”
refers to its potential function as a drinking container：for an alien who doesn’t know about
drinking tea，the very concept of a teacup is meaningless.As quantum theory shows：they are
defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then，it comes with a lesson.We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of
interactions，not individuals.This is why，in classic game theory，the winners in the long run are
those who cooperate.Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual’s fortunes.It
misunderstands the true nature of reality，and is ultimately self-defeating，which leads to
unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all humankind faces as
a whole.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相
互作用的影响。
1．What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text?
A．How physical systems behave.
B．How to treat physical systems.
C．What effects one has on itself.
D．What the structure of reality is.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of
reality，where a property is no more than something that affects something else.”可知，量子理
论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。故选D。
2．How does the author explain “the effects of interactions”？
A．By giving an example.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By quoting a scientist.D．By conducting a survey.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段“Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup...”可推知，
作者通过举例子解释“相互作用的影响”。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The consequence we bear.
B．The theory in classic games.
C．The fortune individuals have.
D．The way to measure success.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an
individual’s fortunes.”以及后文“misunderstands the true nature of reality，and is ultimately
self-defeating，which leads to unimaginable consequence”可知，用个人的财富来衡量成功太
愚蠢了，它误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。故 It指的是上文
提到的衡量成功的方法。故选D。
4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To clarify a physics theory.
B．To draw attention to interactions.
C．To challenge a popular idea.
D．To present reflections on games.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Then，it comes with a lesson.We understand reality
better if we think of it in terms of interactions，not individuals.”可推知，文章的主要目的是引
导人们关注相互作用。故选B。
B
The accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers threatens the water supply of millions of
people in Asia，new research warns.The study，led by the University of Leeds，concludes that
over recent decades the Himalayan glaciers have lost ice ten times more quickly over the last few
decades than that on average since the last major glacier expansion 400－700 years ago，a period
known as the Little Ice Age.
The study also reveals that the Himalayan glaciers are shrinking far more rapidly than glaciers
in other parts of the world—a rate of loss the researchers describe as “exceptional”．The
paper，published in Scientific Reports，made a reconstruction of the size and ice surfaces of
14,798 Himalayan glaciers during the Little Ice Age.The researchers calculate that the glaciers have
lost around 40 per cent of their area—shrinking from a peak of 28,000 km2 to around 19,600 km2
today.The Himalayan mountain range is home to the world’s third-largest amount of glacier ice，
after Antarctica and the Arctic and is often referred to as “the Third Pole”．The acceleration of
melting of the Himalayan glaciers has significant impacts on hundreds of millions of people who
depend on Asia’s major river systems for food and energy.
The Himalayan glaciers are generally losing ice much faster in the eastern regions.The study
suggests this variation is probably due to differences in geographical features on the two sides of
the mountain range and their interaction with the atmosphere—resulting in different weather
patterns.
Dr Carrivick，the leader of the study，said，“While we must act urgently to reduce and
relieve the impact of human-made climate change on the glaciers and meltwater-fed rivers，the
modelling of that impact on glaciers must also take account of the role of factors such as lakes and
debris(杂物垃圾)．”
5．What may be the result of the accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers?
A．Himalayan is getting warmer.
B．The Arctic glaciers expand frequently.
C．The whole world is going towards Ice Age.
D．Asia’s water，food and energy is under threat.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers
threatens the water supply of...”和第三段最后一句“The acceleration of melting of the
Himalayan glaciers has significant impacts on...”可知，喜马拉雅冰川加速融化的结果可能是
亚洲的水、粮食和能源受到威胁。故选D。
6．Why are the eastern regions of the Himalayan glaciers losing ice much faster?
A．Because of different landforms.
B．Because of the time of sunlight.
C．Because of the amount of glacier ice.
D．Because of the activities of mountain climbers.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The study suggests this variation is probably due to
differences in geographical features on the two sides of the mountain range and...”可知，喜马拉
雅山脉东侧的冰川融化速度更快是因为两侧的地形不同。故选A。
7．What can we learn from the text?
A．The Himalayan glaciers have lost ice since they existed.
B．The study came to its conclusion by doing experiments.
C．The Himalayan glaciers have the largest amount of ice.D．Climate change is the main cause of the melting of glaciers.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“While we must act urgently to reduce and relieve the
impact of human-made climate change on the glaciers and meltwater-fed rivers”可推知，冰川加
速融化的主因是气候变化。故选D。
8．What would be a suitable title for the text?
A．Asian People Are in Danger of Water Supply
B．The Eastern Region of Himalaya Melts Faster
C．Himalayan Glaciers Are Melting at an Unusual Rate
D．The Himalayan Mountain Range Has More Glacier Ice
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容可知，本文主要讲的是喜马拉雅冰川正在
以异常的速度融化，因此C选项能够概括文章主旨，适合作标题，故选C。
C
The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century.But
now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras(极光) really make sounds.
“It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world，” historian Fiona Amery said.“In
Canada，Norway and Russia，they are all hearing very much the same sounds.”
“The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground ，which strengthens
opinions that their sounds are just a false impression，” said Fiona.Many scientists argued that
auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the
ground，so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras.
However，other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made sounds.In the
1920s，Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could
occur：The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that
created crackling sounds close to the ground.Almost 100 years later，Clarence’s suggestion
seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.
In 2012，an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of
monitoring auroras.In 2016，he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds：an inversion
layer(逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance
above the ground in calm weather.
Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer，causing
accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks(火花) that create sounds that can be heard.That
explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora’s visible movements—they begin to happen
in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。北极光是否会发声对科学家来说一直是个谜，但现在有研究证实了北极光是能够发声的。
9．What is the primary subject of Fiona’s statement in paragraph 2?
A．The existence of the sounds of the Northern Lights.
B．The need to make full use of the Northern Lights.
C．The problems caused by the Northern Lights.
D．The cause of the Northern Lights.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“‘It has pretty much been confirmed all over the
world...all hearing very much the same sounds.’”可推知，第二段中Fiona所说的话主要表明
北极光的声音是存在的。故选A。
10．What can we learn about Clarence’s suggestion in the 1920s?
A．It matched a lot of old ideas.
B．It was well recognized then.
C．It might be of great value.
D．It was a total failure.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“Almost 100 years later，Clarence’s suggestion
seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.”可知，他在20世纪20年代提出的
推测似乎接近极光产生声音的真正原因，所以它有很大的价值。故选C。
11．How does the author convey his idea in the text?
A．By listing research numbers.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing explanations.
D．By giving examples.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段、文章第四段“In the 1920s，Canadian astronomer
Clarence Chant first suggested...”和文章倒数第二段“In 2012，an expert named Unto Laine
showed a recording of auroral sounds...”可知，文章列举了Fiona Amery、Clarence Chant等人
对北极光发声问题的研究，所以作者是通过举例的方法来表达他的观点的。故选D。
12．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Can We Enjoy the Northern Lights?
B．Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds?
C．Why Should We Study the Northern Lights?
D．How Do the Northern Lights Come into Being?答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“The sounds of the Northern Lights have
been a mystery...a researcher has figured out how auroras(极光) really make sounds.”可知，文章
主要是围绕对“北极光的声音”这一谜团的研究展开。故B选项是最佳标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·甘肃兰州期中)
You’ve probably heard of a hybrid(杂交物种)in films or books.The centaurs in the Harry
Potter films are hybrids of human and horse. 1
Hybridization occurs in both plants and animals. 2 What’s more，many plants that
people eat，from strawberries to carrots，corn and potatoes，have been created by hybridization.
Cross-breeding(杂交) sometimes occurs when animals’ normal territory overlaps(部分重
叠)． 3 The grolar bear is a hybrid that happens when grizzly and polar bears mate.As the
environment warms，grizzlies in Alaska and Canada wander further north，bringing them into
contact with polar bears.
Artificial mixing often happens in zoos，where different species that don’t normally meet in
the wild can be introduced to each other.Ligers(lion and tiger hybrids) are unlikely to occur in
nature，because the only place that their habitats overlap is the Gir Forest in India. 4 Mixed
species are more likely to be born with health issues than other animals.Most hybrids born in zoos
are infertile，which means they are unable to have babies.However，many cross-breeds born in
the wild，like the grolar bear，can have their own babies.
5 “It’s part of the evolutionary process，” he says.Fertile hybrids can lead to the
creation of a new species and increase the variety of living things.
A．Wildlife conservation is of significance.
B．Did you know hybridization is a biological process?
C．That’s due to habitat destruction or changing climate.
D．Did you know that hybrids appear in the natural world，too?
E．Jimmy believes species hybridization in nature is a good thing.
F．Many conservationists think that creating hybrids is a bad thing.
G．Living things，especially plants，will naturally hybridize in the wild.
1．答案 D
解析 根据上文“《哈利·波特》系列电影中的半人马是人和马的杂交物种”以及下文“杂
交在动植物界都会发生”可知，空处起着承上启下的作用，D项(你知道自然世界里也有杂
交物种吗？)符合语境。故选D。
2．答案 G
解析 下文提到许多植物都是通过杂交培育出来的，可知本段主要谈论植物的杂交，G项(生物，尤其是植物，会在野外自然杂交)中“especially plants”与下文有对应关系，符合语
境。故选G。
3．答案 C
解析 根据上文“杂交有时发生在动物的领地重叠的时候”以及下文说到北极灰熊是杂交后
代并指出气候变暖可知，C项(这是由于栖息地破坏或气候变化)中“That’s due to”指代上
文“Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimes occurs”的发生条件，并引出下文举例说明发生领地重叠
的原因，符合语境。故选C。
4．答案 F
解析 下文指出，混合物种出生时有可能带有健康问题，可推断此处是对杂交的消极看法，
可知F项(许多环保主义者认为创造杂交物种是一件坏事)中“a bad thing”与下文“health
issues”有对应关系，符合语境。故选F。
5．答案 E
解析 下文提到有繁殖能力的杂交物种可以导致新物种的产生，并增加生物的种类，结合
“he says”可知，此处是一个人对杂交的积极态度和看法，E项(吉米相信自然界中的物种
杂交是一件好事)中“a good thing”与下文的“lead to the creation”以及“increase the
variety”形成对应关系，符合语境。故选E。
