文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．statistic n．(一项)统计数据
2．comrade n．同志；朋友
3．tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的
4．combat v．防止，抑制
5．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
6．disinfect v．为……消毒，给……杀菌
7．outbreak n．爆发，突然发生
8．vomit n．呕吐物
9．miracle n．意外的幸运事；奇迹
10．van n．小型货车
11．ward n．病房
12．compensate v．弥补，补偿
13．collaborate v．合作，协作
14．inclusive adj.包容广阔的
15．culture shock文化冲击
16．mutual adj.共同的，共有的
17．mount v．走上，登上
18．civil adj.公民的，国民的
19．civil war内战
20．civilian adj.平民的；百姓的
21．conceive v．构想，设想
22．battlefield n．战场
23．portion n．一部分24．detract v．减低，破坏，损害
25．communist adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．boundary n．分界线；边界
2．tackle v．处理，对付(难题)
3．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
4．twin adj.双胞胎的
5．cast v．选派(角色)
6．mankind n．人类
7．joint adj.联合的，共同的
8．liberty n．自由
9．dedicate v．致力于，献身于
10．endure v．持续存在
11．altogether adv.完全
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．assist v．协助，帮助→assistance n．帮助→assistant n．助手 adj.助理的
2．relieve vt.使减轻；缓解；给(某人)换班→relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛
苦的事物→relieved adj.轻松的；解脱的
3．specialist n．专家→special adj.特殊的→specially adv.专门地→specialize vi.专门研究；
专门从事
4．infectious adj.传染性的→infect vt.感染，传染→infection n．感染；传染
5．devotion n．奉献；挚爱；忠诚→devote vt.致力于；奉献→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的
6．realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的；现实的，实际的→real adj.真实的→reality n．现
实→realise v．领悟；了解；实现
7．minority n．少数派；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的
8．harmonious adj.融洽的，和睦的→harmony n．融洽，和谐
9．rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的→reward v．& n．奖励；奖赏
10．slave n．奴隶→slavery n．奴隶制
11．union n．联邦→unite v．联合；团结→united adj.联合的；统一的
12．division n．分开；分歧，分裂→divide v．分开
13．nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地→noble adj.崇高的，高尚的
14．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n．& v．影响
1.．outspoken /aʊt'spəʊkən/ adj.坦率的；直言不讳的2．hastily /'heIstəli/ adv.匆忙；仓促
3．inevitably /In'evItəbli/ adv.不可避免地；必然地→inevitable /In'evItəbl/ adj.不可避免的；
必然的
4．prone /prəʊn/ adj.有……倾向的；易于遭受的
be prone to易于发生……
5．handy /'hændi/ adj.方便的；有用的；手边的
6．reign /reIn/ n．& vi.统治；当政；盛行
7．dispute /dI'spjuːt/ n．争论；纠纷 vt.& vi.对……表示异议；争论
8．aggressively /ə'ɡresIvli/ adv.挑衅地；好斗地；有进取心地
9．violate /'vaIəleIt/ vt.违反；违背；侵犯
10．pass oneself off as假装；装作
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．bring forth 使产生，使出现
2．in vain白白地，徒劳，无结果
3．take any chances冒险，心存侥幸
4．put...at risk使……处于危险中
5．be involved in被卷入……中；参与，参加；专心于
6．against all odds尽管困难重重
7．not to mention更不用说
8．step into one’s shoes接替某人的工作
9．in memory of为了纪念
10．at a great cost付出巨大代价
11．suffer for为……而受苦
12．dedicate to致力于
13．be engaged in从事；忙于
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．It’s exactly one month since the last reported case.(It＋be＋一段时间＋since...)
距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
2．My mission was to relieve Emma，a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of
her posting.(不定式作表语)
我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，任期届满。
3．To be caught up in such a crisis creates powerful bonds between people，not only between
carers and patients，but also between all those who have come from different parts of the world
and joined together in a common cause. (不定式作主语)
患难与共的经历在人与人之间建立了紧密的纽带，不仅仅在于医护人员与患者之间，还在于
所有来自世界各地、因为共同事业聚在一起的人们之间。4．It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.[It be the first time (that)...]
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
5．Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but
the boundaries between black and white ， and work step by step towards the equality of
humankind. (it be up to...)
现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，
一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．statistic n． ( 一项 ) 统计数据
2．tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的
3．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
4．mount v．走上，登上
5．conceive v．构想，设想
6．disinfect v． 为 …… 消毒，给 …… 杀菌
7．outbreak n．爆发，突然发生
8．miracle n．意外的幸运事；奇迹
9．compensate v．弥补，补偿
10．collaborate v．合作，协作
11．mutual adj.共同的，共有的
12．civil adj.公民的，国民的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共16分)
1．boundary n．分界线；边界
2．tackle v．处理，对付(难题)
3．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
4．cast v．选派(角色)
5．dedicate v．致力于，献身于
6．endure v．持续存在
7．joint adj.联合的，共同的
8．altogether adv.完全
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)
1．realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的；现实的，实际的→real adj.真实的→reality n．现
实→realise v．领悟；了解；实现2．minority n．少数派；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的
3．rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的→reward v．& n．奖励；奖赏
4．slave n．奴隶→slavery n．奴隶制
5．specialist n．专家→special adj.特殊的→specially adv.专门地→specialize vi.专门研究；
专门从事
6．division n．分开；分歧，分裂→divide v．分开
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．outspoken adj.坦率的；直言不讳的
2．hastily adv.匆忙；仓促
3．be prone to 易于发生 ……
4．dispute n．争论；纠纷 vt.& vi. 对 …… 表示异议；争论
5．pass oneself off as假装；装作
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
1．against all odds尽管困难重重
2．step into one’s shoes接替某人的工作
3．in memory of 为了纪念
4．at a great cost 付出巨大代价
5．put...at risk 使 …… 处于危险中
6．be engaged in从事；忙于
7．dedicate to致力于
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共16分)
1．He came to assist me with my new task，and his assistance had a great impact on me.(assist)
2．Devoting all his life to educating his devoted students，the old teacher was admired for his
devotion to the education cause.(devote)
3．To build a harmonious society，they realize it is important to be in harmony with the
environment.(harmony)
4．Seeing I was OK，he was quite relieved.The crowd breathed a sigh of relief as well.(relieve)
5．It is believed that some influential persons do have a great influence on many ordinary people
in some aspects.(influence)
6．As a famous saying goes，union is strength.If united，we can overcome all the difficulties，
so let’s unite together.(unite)
7．Doctors found the man who had a chest infection was infected with an infectious disease.
(infect)
8．All the people around her know that she is pure and noble，and always conducts herselfnobly.(noble)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分)
1．He is so stubborn a boy that I think your persuasion will be in vain.
2．It is dangerous to drive without fastening the safety belt，not to mention messaging while
driving.
3．Up to now the Internet has brought forth many changes in our daily life.
4．Many people are involved in voluntary work to make sure everything goes smoothly.
5．Obviously，if we don’t work hard now，we will suffer for a better life in the future.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．距离我大学毕业已经十年了。(It＋be＋一段时间＋since...)
It is/has been ten years since I graduated from college.
2．我的目标是挣一大笔钱，然后做任何我想做的事情。(不定式作表语)
My aim is to earn a large sum of money and do whatever I want.
3．实现这个目标需要我不断努力工作和家人的支持。(不定式作主语)
To realize this aim needs my constant hard work and the support from my families.
4．我能否成功取决于我的信心和毅力。(it be up to...)
It is up to my confidence and perseverance whether I can succeed.
5．难怪你对我们的餐桌礼仪感到困惑，因为这是你第一次来中国。(It be the first time that...)
It is no wonder that you are confused about our table manners，for it is the first time that you have
been to China.
During the outbreak of a tragic infectious disease，a large number of medical specialists
volunteered 1.to go(go) to the infected area,2.a battlefield without smoke of gunpowder，to
assist the doctors and nurses in relieving pains of the patients and tackling some unexpected
matters.3.Walking(walk) through the wards，they dedicated 4.themselves(they) to the work
there.At the same time，they spent large amounts of time 5.disinfecting(disinfect) the whole
hospital.In their opinion,6.it is vital to do their part when the country faces disasters.To make
people live in a 7.harmonious(harmony) and peaceful environment，it is rewarding for them to
sacrifice their own 8.benefits(benefit)．For a mutual purpose，they collaborated with each
other.Because of the joint efforts of these selfless comrades，the infectious disease 9.was
controlled(control)．It is the devotion of these influential figures 10.that brings forth the
miracle.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
assist v．帮助；协助；援助(assistance n．帮助；协助 assistant n．助手；助理；售货员 adj.助理的)
·assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth帮助某人某事
assist sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事
·come to one’s assistance援助某人
with the assistance of sb＝with sb’s assistance在某人的帮助下
(1)My twin sister，Mary was chosen as an assistant(assist) to help Mr Brown，an influential
specialist，finish his research.
(2)(应用文写作之回复求助信)作为对你上封信的回复，我确定我会在英语口语方面帮你。首
先，我会帮你改正你的发音。
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，
I will assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.
(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，
爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day
breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father
assisting them/With their father ’ s assistance ，the twins made it，their faces brimming with
happy smiles.
vital adj.极其重要的
be vital to/for sb/sth对……极其重要
It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要。
It is vital that...(should) do sth.做某事很重要。
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)您应该根据学生的语言能力和个性对他们进行分组，这一
点至关重要。与此同时，创造一个更和谐、更有成效的学习环境对我们学生来说至关重要。
It is vital that you (should) group students based on their language abilities as well as
personalities.At the same time，creating a more harmonious and productive learning environment
is vital to us students.
(2)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)我坚信像汉语工作坊这样的有意义的活动对于促进跨文化的
理解和欣赏是至关重要的。
I strongly believe that rewarding events like the Chinese Workshop are vital to promote cross-
cultural understanding and appreciation.
rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的(reward v．酬谢；奖励，奖赏 n．奖金；回报；报酬)
·reward sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
reward sb with sth用某物奖赏/回报某人
·in reward for为奖赏……；为报答……
as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报
(1)He was rewarded with a special prize for his devotion to scientific research.
(2)(2020·天津，书面表达)我非常高兴向你介绍这个既有意义又重要的成人礼。成人礼过后，
我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习，以回报老师和父母的耐心教导。
I am more than delighted to introduce the rewarding and important coming-of-age ceremony to
you.After that，we students realized that we must study harder in reward for/as a reward for our
teachers’ and parents’ patient guidance.
influential adj.有影响力的[influence v．影响 n．影响；有影响的人(或事物)]
·influence sb to do...影响某人做……
·have an influence on/upon对……起作用/有影响
under the influence of sb＝under sb’s influence 在某人的影响下
(1)To tell the truth，what the specialist said has a permanent influence on/upon me.
(2)Through the course of my schooling，I met many teachers，two of whom influenced me to
be(be) what I am today.
(3)(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)在我物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，
我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。
Under my physics teacher ’ s influence/Under the influence of my physics teacher ，I have become
increasingly interested in physics.In other words，my physics teacher is my role model，who has
a great influence on/upon me.So he is the person I respect most.
bring forth 使产生；使出现
bring up提出；养育；呕吐
bring about引起；导致
bring in引进；获利；赚钱
bring out出版；使显现
bring down使倒下；减少；降低
bring back把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复
用bring短语的正确形式填空
(1)I don’t clearly remember what the question brought up was，but clearly remember it brought
about a heated discussion on civil liberty.(2)Do not boast about tomorrow，for you do not know what a day may bring forth.
(3)Smells from cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a home-made dish can bring back
amazing memories of growing up.
It＋be＋时间段＋since... It ’ s exactly one month since the last reported case.距离发现
上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
·“It be＋时间段＋since...”意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。主句谓语为is或has been，
since从句用一般过去时；主句谓语为was，since从句用过去完成时。
·“It＋be＋一段时间＋before从句(若before从句时态为一般现在时，主句为一般将来时；若
before从句时态为一般过去时，主句为一般过去时)”表示“多久之后才……”。
·since作副词，意为“从……以后；后来”。
(1)It is/has been(be) three years since I came to the clinic as an assistant in this village.
(2)John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for the new surroundings.
(3)He said it was ten years since he had graduated(graduate) from this school.
(4)总是使我沮丧的是从那以后，我就没收到过他的来信。
What always upsets me is that I have not heard from him since.
(5)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)当我得知我的文章被认可时，大约过了五分钟我才从震惊中
恢复过来，然后高兴地跳了起来。
When I learnt that my article got recognised，it was about five minutes before I recovered from my
shock and then I jumped for joy.
用法点拨 since引导的从句中的动词如果用非延续性动词，表示“自从该动作发生时已有
多长时间了”；若since引导的从句中的动词为延续性动词，则表示“自从该动作或状态的
完成或结束以来已有多长时间了”。
It be the first time (that)... It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.这
不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
·“It be the first/second/...time＋that...”意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”，主语可根据语境
使用it，this或that；主句谓语为is时，that从句用现在完成时；主句谓语为was时，that从
句用过去完成时。
·It is (about/high) time that...意为“是做……的时候了”(从句谓语动词用一般过去时或
“should＋动词原形”)
(1)(读后续写之心理描写)My heart begins to race as this is the first time that I have come(come)
up with the idea to help a stranger.
(2)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们
自己。
It is high time that we dedicated/should dedicate ourselves to protecting the oceans.To protect theoceans is to protect ourselves.
(3)那是我第一次参加交换生项目。那次经历不仅让我开阔了眼界，而且增强了我的信心。
It was the first time that I had participated in the exchange student program，which not only
broadened my horizons but also strengthened my confidence.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．cast
A.选派角色 B.投射光、影子等 C.投，抛 D.使人
怀疑
(1)The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. B
(2)He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. A
(3)The priceless treasures had been cast into the river. C
(4)The latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events. D
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait.调剂；使有趣
(2)I’ve been slaving away all day trying to get the work finished.苦干，辛勤地工作
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The girl tried in vain to catch a bunch of butterflies on the flowers.
2．His devotion(devote) for decades to his wife and family is touching.
3．It is convincing that if we go to war，innocent lives will be put at risk.
4．If we desire to build a harmonious(harmony) society，we must urgently tackle these
problems.
5．I am writing with the intention of assisting you to solve(solve) this economic problem that
unexpectedly popped up.
6．It is/has been(be) five years since I took up this occupation，which has greatly expanded my
knowledge.
7．It is the first time that I have competed(compete) in such a fierce match and consequently，I
was as anxious as an ant on a hot pan.
8．Dedicated(dedicate) to education，this hard-working educator has no time to get relaxed.
9．Our class was divided into three groups to discuss the reform and opening-up policy and the
Belt and Road Initiative.
10．Only a minority(minor) of people have tablets and it is high time that we should buy more
computers.假定你是班级英语课代表李华，请参照以下提示，用英文写一份倡议书，提倡全班同学学会
用英语向世界传播中国文化。要点提示：
1.提出倡议；
2.用英语传播中国文化的意义；
3.用英语传播中国文化的方法。
完成句子
1．既然中国是当今世界上最具影响力的国家之一，我主张我们所有人都应该尽自己的一分
力量，用英语传播中国文化。(influential)
2．因为英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言，所以把英语作为一种让世界各地的人们了解中国
文化的好工具是至关重要的。(it is vital to do)
3．作为文化传播的回报，我们的文化自信可以得到更好地加强。(as a reward for)
4．为了用英语传播中国文化，我们可以建立一个网站，学生们可以在上面用英语发表有关
中国文化的文章。(不定式作目的状语；定语从句)
5．当代学生的重要任务之一是帮助更多的人了解我们的国家及其文化。因此，现在是我们
积极参与向外国人传播中国文化的时候了。(不定式作表语；it is high time that...)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear fellow students，
Since China has been one of the most influential countries in the world today，I advocate that
all of us should do our part to spread Chinese culture in English.
Because English is the most widely used language in the world，it is vital to use English as a
good tool to make Chinese culture accessible to people around the globe.Accordingly，as a reward
for cultural spreading，our cultural confidence can be better strengthened.To spread Chinese
culture in English，we can set up a website where students can post articles about Chinese culture
in English.
One of the important missions for contemporary students is to help more people understand
our country and its culture.As a consequence，it is high time that we took an active part inspreading Chinese culture to foreigners.Let’s take action right now.
教材语料整合
[救援动作描写] assist；tackle；relieve；disinfect；compensate；collaborate；
亮词 dedicate
[人物描写] devotion→devoted；nobly→noble
1.With each person I met，I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary
team，whose devotion to the cause shone from their eyes.(情感描写)
2.When we visited the ward the next morning，we were amazed to see that against all
美句
odds，both boys were still active.(情感描写)
3.Your article about living in a global village really struck a chord with me because I’ve
just returned from a teaching project in Cambodia and Thailand.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：跑、走、冲
skip蹦跳着走 run 跑 race赛跑 jog慢跑 fly飞奔 approach接近，靠近 drag
拖着(受伤的脚或腿)行走 dance跳跃，雀跃 jump 跳，跃 escape逃跑 flee逃
单
走 rush迅速移动 dash猛冲，急奔 stride 大步走 stroll/wander 漫步，闲逛
词
dart 飞奔，猛冲 march 行军，快步走 tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚地走 stagger摇摇晃晃地
走 stumble 跌跌撞撞地走 trot 小跑，快步，疾走
steal/slide/creep into溜进 dash/rush for向……冲去 burst into冲进；闯进 head
词
for/towards走向，前往 make a rush for冲向 charge out/into冲出/冲进 pace up
块
and down踱来踱去 jump off跳下 hurry off匆匆离去
No longer hesitating，he jumped off the truck and flew towards the building like an
arrow.(动作描写)他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，像箭一样奔向大楼。
The man dashed/rushed for the exit，and escaped in great panic.那人向出口冲去，
惊慌失措地逃走了。
句
Racing/Dashing/Running home，he burst into the bedroom，picked up my purse
型
and charged out.(现在分词短语作状语)(动作链描写)他飞奔着跑回家，冲进卧室，
拿起我的钱包冲了出去。
He started pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face.他皱着眉头在房间
里踱来踱去。
语料运用 跨境救援
The moment Chinese soldiers and doctors reached the earthquake-stricken area in Turkey，
they ①jumped off the plane and flew/charged/dashed/darted/charged towards the scene(动作描写)
like an arrow.Some survivors dragged their feet towards the shelter，feeling as if the whole worldwere at an end.Some ②stumbled along the destroyed roads like lost souls.Some ③paced up and
down with a frown on their faces.Collaborating with local people，Chinese soldiers ④dedicated
themselves to assisting those victims to tackle various problems.Chinese doctors strode from one
place to another to help disinfect the area and did whatever they could to relieve people’s
pains.⑤All the rescuers were racing with time and slowly the disaster area began to breathe again.
中国军人和医生一到达土耳其地震灾区，他们就跳下飞机，像箭一样飞向现场。一些幸
存者拖着脚走向避难所，感觉好像整个世界都结束了。一些人像丢了魂一样，在被毁坏的道
路上跌跌撞撞地走着。有些人皱着眉头踱来踱去。中国军人与当地人民合作，致力于帮助灾
民解决各种问题。中国医生从一个地方走到另一个地方，帮助消毒，尽他们所能减轻人们的
痛苦。所有的救援人员都在争分夺秒，灾区慢慢恢复了生机。
高考题型组合练 28
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread，and they are now being
used by countless individuals ， professionals ， and businesses worldwide.Despite their
advantages，most network-based systems are highly at risk of malicious(恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely
harmful.For instance，an attack on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and
offices without electricity，while attacks on social media networks can lead to exposure of user
information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems，computer scientists worldwide have
been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could
help to identify malicious attacks，increasing a network’s safety.In recent years，machine
learning (ML) algorithms(机器学习算法) have been found to be particularly promising for
automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data
features that a model can rely or focus on when making predictions.Ideally，by analyzing large
datasets，researchers should be able to identify the most suitable features for solving a given task
using ML tools，and this can also be applied to intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature
selection method that could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs.This method
was found to perform remarkably well when compared with other commonly employed feature
selection techniques.Using the features they identified as most important for intrusion detection，
the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detection system.This system was found to becapable of distinguishing between DDoS attacks and harmless network signals with 99% accuracy.
In the future，the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings
could help the development of new，highly effective IDSs.In addition，the system they created
using the features they identified could be applied in real-world settings to detect malicious attacks
on real networks.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了IDSs 入侵检测系统相关技术和发展。
1．What does paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies?
A．Their targeted users.
B．Their popularity.
C．Their potential risk.
D．Their advantages.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Despite their advantages，most network-based
systems are highly at risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.”可知，本段主要指出基于网络的技术
很容易受到恶意攻击，即具有潜在的风险。故选C。
2．How can IDSs increase the safety of networks?
A．By tracking malicious attacks.
B．By starting anti-virus programs.
C．By sorting out user information.
D．By recognizing malicious attacks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To overcome the weaknesses...to identify malicious
attacks，increasing a network’s safety.”可知，该系统能够通过识别恶意攻击来提高网络安
全性。故选D。
3．What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs?
A．Solving given tasks.
B．Selecting reliable data features.
C．Making accurate predictions.
D．Analyzing large enough datasets.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“An important step in the development and training of
ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a model can rely or focus on when making
predictions.”可知，选择可依赖的数据特征是发展基于机器学习的IDSs的关键。故选B。
4．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
B．To promote network-based technologies.C．To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
D．To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第三段内容可知，本文主要是为了介绍一种用于
IDSs (入侵检测系统)的新技术。故选A。
B
Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as
nature’s engineers，they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dams to raise water levels
for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while blocking sediment(沉积物) that
would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where
none had existed.There are challenges，though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding，and most
people prefer trees alive and upright.
Communities face a delicate balancing act，learning to coexist with beavers.Last winter，
many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow
Pond into an oasis for birds，frogs，turtles and deer.
Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked，they raised water levels about five
feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county
officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston
Path.
To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers，the county introduced
a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize
water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the
beavers.
People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently，Catherine Jones,18，
organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers
from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.“We cover the
trees we don’t want them to eat ， while planting periodically others they like ， ” said
Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth’s resources.”
Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat
without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两
种影响，Swallow Pond’s 2023 项目旨在达到人与海狸和谐共存。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Where beavers’ favorite surroundings are.
B．What effects beavers have on their habitat.
C．Why beavers are called nature’s engineers.
D．How beavers help attract wildlife diversity.答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段“Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to
fit their needs.Known as...”可知，第一段主要讲海狸对它们的栖息地造成的影响。故选B。
6．Why did the beaver family’s activity cause concern?
A．Swallow Pond would flood often.
B．Sediment would flow downstream.
C．The popular path might be damaged.
D．Beavers might have to live underwater.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But county officials were concerned about how
higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.”可知，海狸家族的活动之所
以会引起担忧是因为受欢迎的小路可能会被破坏。故选C。
7．What do the underlined words “beaver baffle” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．A block to keep beavers away.
B．A tool to fix holes in the dams.
C．A device to maintain water level.
D．A material to protect the soil bank.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden
exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers.”可推知，画线的单词
beaver baffle应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。故选C。
8．What is the theme of Swallow Pond’s 2023 project?
A．Biological diversity.
B．Harmonious coexistence.
C．Prevention of natural disasters.
D．Preservation of wildlife habitat.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water
depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act
continues.”可推知，燕子塘2023年项目的主题是和谐共存。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.My heart 1 when I
knew the boy on stage previous to her， 2 ，was fairly successful with his humor and personal
style.The whole audience burst out a wave of 3 almost every 30 seconds.
My palms(手掌) began to 4 .It was the first time that she had been on the stage，so Icouldn’t blame her for any 5 .The strong spotlight made her so insignificant that nobody 6
she had been on the stage.
But the moment that 7 me occurred.I clearly heard a 8 voice，“Now，your 9
，please！” The whole audience fell quiet.Small and thin as the girl appeared，the 10 look
on her face instantly caught everyone’s eyes.Then her speech was on ，logical and well-
organized.Words of power 11 freely out of the girl like magic.When her speech 12 ，a
thunderous applause sounded from the audience.When the competition was concluding，all of us
waited 13 for the winner’s name to be called.Tears of joy 14 my vision when the host
announced she won first prize.Holding the medal tightly，she gave me a brilliant smile.I 15
her into my arms，too excited to say any words.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了害羞的小女孩第一次上台演讲，作者非常担心，
结果令他非常震惊，小女孩非常坚定并表演成功，获得第一名，这让作者感到非常激动。
1．A.beat B．sank
C．lost D．broke
答案 B
解析 根据上文“On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.”可知作
者更担心了，所以心沉了下去，故选B。
2．A.sure enough B．worse still
C．above all D．in addition
答案 A
解析 根据“was fairly successful with his humor and personal style”可知小男孩的演讲的确
优秀，故选A。
3．A.crying B．warning
C．clapping D．screaming
答案 C
解析 根据上文“when I knew the boy on stage previous to her， ，was fairly successful
with his humor and personal style”可知小男孩的演讲很精彩，观众爆发出阵阵掌声，故选
C。
4．A.sweat B．tremble
C．change D．turn
答案 A
解析 根据下文“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知小女孩第一次上台，
作者很担心，所以手掌开始出汗，故选A。
5．A.try B．pose
C．guess D．slip答案 D
解析 根据上文“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知这是她的第一次登台，
所以作者不能因为任何差错责怪她，故选D。
6．A.thought B．admitted
C．ignored D．noticed
答案 D
解析 根据上文“The strong spotlight made her so insignificant”可知，聚光灯太亮，使小女
孩显得无足轻重，所以没人注意到她，故选D。
7．A.confused B．interested
C．surprised D．challenged
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Then her speech was on，logical and well-organized.”可知小女孩的演讲很
成功，所以让作者感到惊讶，故选C。
8．A.loud B．weak
C．tight D．low
答案 A
解析 根据上文“I clearly heard”可知声音响亮，故选A。
9．A.support B．attention
C．vote D．silence
答案 B
解析 根据下文“The whole audience fell quiet.”可知这里应该是主持人让大家注意听，故
选B。
10．A.determined B．puzzled
C．relaxed D．bored
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Small and thin as the girl appeared”可知小女孩虽然看起来又小又瘦，但脸
上的表情是坚定的，故选A。
11．A.crowded B．hurried
C．bounced D．flowed
答案 D
解析 根据下文“freely out of the girl like magic”可知应是自由地流出，故选D。
12．A.started B．ended
C．progressed D．rested
答案 B
解析 根据下文“a thunderous applause sounded from the audience”和常识可知小女孩演讲结束时，观众席响起了雷鸣般的掌声，故选B。
13．A.sincerely B．easily
C．wildly D．eagerly
答案 D
解析 根据下文“for the winner’s name to be called”可知比赛结束时，大家都急切地等待
着主持人宣布获胜者的名字，故选D。
14．A.misted B．hid
C．prevented D．shaded
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Tears of joy”可知，泪水模糊了作者的视线，故选A。
15．A.pushed B．threw
C．pulled D．lifted
答案 C
解析 根据下文“her into my arms”可知，作者把小女孩拉进怀里，故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(★)
In 2020 ， the Nobel Peace Prize 1. (award) to the World Food
Programme(WFP) for its efforts to fight hunger，for its contributions to improving conditions for
peace in conflict-affected areas，and for its efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war
and conflict.
The WFP,2. (found) in 1961，is the largest food-assistance branch of the United
Nations.In emergencies，it is often the first on the scene，delivering food assistance to the victims
of wars，civil conflicts，earthquakes，and crop 3. (fail) due to natural disasters.In
2019，the UN organization helped 97 million people in 88 countries 4. were victims
of serious food insecurity and hunger，the 5. (high) number since 2012.
In 2015，ending hunger was adopted 6. one of the UN’s Sustainable
Development Goals.Primarily ， the WFP works to realize this goal.It works hard 7.
(help) people who cannot produce or obtain enough food for 8. (they) and their
families.
The WFP plays 9. important role in fighting hunger for world peace.The Nobel Committee
wishes to emphasize that providing aid to increase food security not just 10. (effective)
prevents hunger，but also helps to promote stability and peace.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国最大的粮食援助机构——世界粮食计划
署WFP。
1．答案 was awarded
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词award和主语the
Nobel Peace Prize之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据句意及时间状语 In 2020可知，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was awarded。
2．答案 founded
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作非谓语，动词 found“成立”和所修饰的词
The WFP之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填founded。
3．答案 failure(s)
解析 考查名词。根据前文可知，此处应用fail的名词形式failure，failure既可以作为不可
数名词表泛指，也可以作为可数名词，用其零冠词复数表泛指。故填failure(s)。
4．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为
people，在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。
5．答案 highest
解析 考查形容词最高级。根据状语since 2012给出的范围及空格前的定冠词the可知，此
处应用high的最高级，作定语修饰名词number。故填highest。
6．答案 as
解析 考查介词。be adopted as“被采纳为”是习惯用法，介词as意为“作为”，符合句意。
故填as。
7．答案 to help
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：它努力运作来帮助那些不能为自己和家人生产或获得足够食
物的人。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表目的。故填to help。
8．答案 themselves
解析 考查代词。分析句子可知，定语从句引导词who指代先行词people，在从句中作主语，
介词for后的目标对象就是主语自身，应用 they的反身代词themselves作介词宾语。故填
themselves。
9．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。play a(n)．..role in“在……中起……作用”是固定短语，role是可数名词，
此处为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，因连接的单词important发音以元音音素开头，故填
an。
10．答案 effectively
解析 考查副词。修饰动词prevents应用effective的副词形式。故填effectively。
