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高考英语书面表达高分秘诀之高级词汇替换
在高考作文阅卷过程中，老师会对一些“高级”词汇尤为偏爱。但是，大多数同学根本不具
备单词升级意识，一想到“好”，就是“good”;一想到“坏”，就是“bad”;一想到“美丽”就是“beautiful”。
当老师一天批阅上千份“内容相同、语言低龄”的作文时，她的痛苦感受可想而知。
因此，你一定要避免这些“低能词汇”，让自己的词汇升级、升级再升级!
那么，什么样的单词最能够吸引阅卷老师的好感?
【原则一：晚词优先】(关注公众号:麦田笔墨；获取更多干货）
老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词，因为使用学得比较晚的单词，可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意
识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达，又可以用高二、高三单词来表达，那尽量选择高
二、高三的单词，如：
(1)Adj.困难的 黯然低分词：difficult 闪光高分词：challenging 有挑战性的
(2)Adj.重要的 黯然低分词：important
闪光高分词：vital 至关重要的;essential 必不可少的;significant 有重要意义的;
(3)Adj.美丽的 黯然低分词：beautiful
闪光高分词：appealing动人的;attractive吸引人的;charming迷人的;fascinating 迷人的
注：以上五个词既能修饰人，又能修饰物，非常好用，务必记熟!
【原则二：短语优先】
在阅卷老师看来，活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此，我们可以掌握一些将某些常见
单词转化为短语的用法，如：
(4)v. 参加 黯然低分词：join 闪光高分词：takepartin
(5)v. 使用 黯然低分词：use 闪光高分词：makegooduseof
(6)v. 拜访 黯然低分词：visit 闪光高分词：payavisitto
(7)最常见的换词手段：形容词=of+同根名词
黯然低分词： 闪光高分词： 黯然低分词： 闪光高分词：
veryimportant重要的 ofgreatimportance veryharmful有害的 ofgreatharm
verydifficult困难的 ofgreatdifficulty veryvaluable有价值的 ofgreatvalue
verybeautiful美丽的 ofgreatbeauty verysignificant至关重要 ofgreatsignificance
的
veryuseful有用的 ofgreatuse verynecessary必要的 ofgreatnecessity
veryhelpful有帮助的 ofgreathelp
【原则三：“具体化”单词优先】
请先对比以下几组句子：
【例句1】Igotoschooleveryday.
【例句2】Iridetoschooleveryday.在课堂上，笔者经常以这两个句子为例，讲解“具体化”的重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例
句2要比例句1好。究其原因，是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具体：went只表达
了“去”的意思，而rode不但表达出“去”的意思，还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说，例句
2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。
再如：
【例句3】MrWangisagoodteacher.
【例句4】MrWangisakind,patientandknowledgeableteacher.
例句3只表达出MrWang是一个“好”老师，而到底“好”在哪些方面，却没有具体说清楚;
例句4则清楚地告诉读者，MrWang好在三个方面：和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富
(knowledgeable)。
因此，我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想，如：
(8)adj. 学习 黯然低分词：learn
闪光高分词：research研究;pickup偶然学到，顺便学到，轻松学到;master掌握
(9)n. 好老师 黯然低分词：agoodteacher
闪光高分词：akind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher
当然，除了替换某些表意抽象的单词，我们还可以通过增加细节成分，使表达更为具体，
如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，进一步改写成：
【例句5】I，togetherwithTomandJerry,rodetotheZhongshanparkyesterday，feelingrather
excited.
同样的，例句4也可以加上一个定语从句，写出MrWang到底擅长哪些事情，如：
【例句6】MrWangisakind,patientandknowledgeableteacherwhoknowshowtoenlightenus
students.
可以看到，例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段，将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变
得生动形象了。
综上所述，想让你的表达“具体化”，一共有两种常用方法，其一，是换掉某些表意不明确
的单词，换上表意更加明确具体的单词;其二，是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处，
是让句子的含义更加丰富，让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想，随着作者一起经历、一起思
考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中，与其生硬地使用超纲词汇，不如好好熟悉大纲单词，
用好“具体化”的两种方法，为你的作文增光添彩。
事实上，“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如，要表达“惜别”的感情，光说“再见”
是不够的，应该像诗人那样，用具体化的细节带动感情，写出梦幻般的文字：“让我与你握别/ 再
轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔...”
这就是“具体化”的作用，你体会到了吗?(关注公众号:麦田笔墨；获取更多干货）
【原则四：大纲词汇的衍生词优先】
在高中英语中，我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识，可以将很多高中词汇
衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇，你的作文肯定“碉
堡了”!举例如下，看看箭头后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?
(10)adj. 当然地 黯然低分词：certainly
闪光高分词：obviously 明显地;undoubtedly 毫无疑问地;evidently显然地;(11)adj. 不开心的 黯然低分词：sad
闪光高分词：discouraged气馁的;depressed沮丧的;downhearted垂头丧气的;
low-spirited意志消沉的;
可以看出，这里列举的“大纲词汇衍生词”看上去都相当“有水平”，但都是由大纲中的简单
单词加上某些前缀、后缀变来的，可以说又好记，又好用，你学会了吗?
只要运用以上四种方法，在平时的学习中不断积累和使用“闪光高分词”，一定能让你的作
文绽放出最美的光辉!
1.增补(Addition)
in addition 另外; furthermore 此外; again; also; besides; moreover 此外 ; similarly;
finally最后
2.比较(Comparison)
inthesame way; likewise同样地; similarly; equally; incomparison比较起来; justas同
样地
3.对照(Contrast)
whereas 然而; in contrast 与此相反; on the other hand; instead 同样; however 然而;
nevertheless然而; unlike; even though即使; on the contrary; while
4.因果(Causeandeffect)
because; because of; for; since; due to; owing to; thanks to; as a result(of);
accordingly; hence; so; thus
5.强调(Emphasis)
certainly; above all; indeed; of course; surely; actually; as a matter of fact; chiefly;
especially; primarily; inparticular; undoubtedly; absolutely; mostimprtant
6.让步(Concession)
although; though; afterall; inspiteof; nevertheless; still; provided; whileitistrue....
7.例证(Exemplification)
forexample; forinstance; thatis; namely; suchas; inotherwords; inthiscase; byway
ofillustration.
8.总结(Conclusion)
to sum up; to conclude; in a word; in short; in brief; all in all; in all; to put it in a
nutshell; insummary
9.推断(Inference)
therefore; asaresult(of); consequently; accordingly; so; otherwise
10.时间和空间(Timeandspace)
afterward; after; first; later; then; soon; outside; near; beyound; above; below;
ontheright(left); inthemiddle; opposite; infrontof
11.启承转合
1)、启
Aproverbsays......Atpresent.......Astheproverbsays....Currently.....
Generallyspeaking; ....Now;....
Ingeneral; .....OntheWhole....
Itisclearthat....Recently.....
Itisoftensaidthat....Withoutdoubt; .......
2)、承
First(ofall); ......Moreover; .........
Firstly; ............Noonecandenythat....
Inthefirstplace; .........Obviously.....
Tobeginwith; .........Ofcourse; .........
Also; .......Similarly;.........
Atthesametime......Therefore; weshouldrealizethat.....
Certainly......Thereisnodoubtthat.......
Inaddition;.....What`smore; ..........
Infact........Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...
Meanwhile......
3)、转
But...Still; ......
Buttheproblemisnotsosimple...
Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis; butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto.......
However;
.......Tooursurprise;..........
Nevertheless; ........Unfortunately.......
Ontheotherhand; .......
YetdifferencewillbefoundandthatiswhyIfeelthat........
Othersmayfindthistobetrue; butIdonot.Ithink.....
4)、合
Aboveall; Inbrief; ........
Accordingly; .....Inconclusion; ........
Allinall; .......
Inotherwords; itishardtoescapetheconclusionthat........
Asaconsequence; .........Inshort; .........
AsIhaveshown/said/stated/....Insum; ........
Insummary; .......Ashasbeennoted; ....
Obviously; .........Bysodoing; .....
Onthewhole; .....Consequently; ........
Presumably; .......Eventually; .........
Toconclude; ......Finally; ........
Tosumup; .....Inaword; ......Tosummarize; ......
写作高级词汇替换
★ 形容词：
1. 贫穷的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken
2. 富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off
3. 优秀的：excellent=eminent=top=outstanding
4. 积极的，好的：good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous
5. 消极的，不良的：bad=detrimental=baneful=undesirable
6. 明显的：obvious=apparent=evident=manifest
7. 健康的:healthy=robust=sound=wholesome
8. 惊人的：surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous
9. 美丽的：beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching
10. 有活力的：energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated
11. 流行的： popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive
1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant
2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous
3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful
4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent
5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished
7.Serious 严重的Severe
8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive
★ 动词：
1. 提高，加强：improve=enhance=promote=strengthen=optimize
2. 引起：cause=trigger=endanger
3. 解决：solve=resolve=address=tackle=copewith=dealwith
4. 拆除：destroy=teardown=knockdown=eradicate
5. 培养:develop=cultivate=foster=nurture
6. 激发，鼓励：encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur
7. 认为： think=assert=hold=claim=argue
8. 完成：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve
9. 保留：keep=preserve=retain=hold
10. 有害于：destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize
11. 减轻:ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten
1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance
2.change 改变：Transform
3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)
4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture
5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源
7.dealWith解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve8.need 需要Require、
necessitate、callfor
★ 名词：
1. 影响：influence=impact
2. 危险：danger=perils=hazard
3. 污染：pollution=contamination
4. 人类：humanbeings=mankind=humanrace
5. 老人： oldpeople=theold=theelderly=theaged=seniorcitizens
6. 幸福：happiness=cheerfulness=well-being
7. 老师：teachers=instructors=educators=lecturers
8. 教育：education=schooling=familyparenting=upbringing
9. 青少年：youngpeople=youngsters=youths=adolescents
10. 优点：advantage=merits=superiority=virtue
11. 责任： responsibility=obligation=duty=liability
12. 能力： ability=capacity=power=skill
13. 职业： job=career=employment=profession
14. 娱乐： enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment
15. 孩子： children=offspring=descendant=kid
1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor
2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction
3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、CriminalAct
4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience
5.Pollution 污染Contamination
6.Human 人类Thehumanrace Humanity Humankind
7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard
8.Inmodernsociety 在当今社会IncontemporarysocietyInpresent-daysocietyInthisdayandage
★ 短语：
1. 充满了：befilledwith=beawashwith=beinundatewith=besaturatedwith
2. 努力：strugglefor=aspireafter=strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor3. 从事：embarkon=takeup=
setabout=goinfor
4. 在当代:incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage
5. 大量的:ahostof=amultitudeof=avastnumberof=avastamountof
★ 插入语
1.indeed的确， 2.surely无疑， 3.however然而， 4.obviously显然， 5.frankly坦率地说，
6.naturally 自然， 7.luckily (或 happily)for sb.算某人幸运， 8.fortunately/luckily 幸好，
9.honestly真的， 10.briefly简单地说, 11.strangetosay说也奇怪， 12.needlesstosay不用说，
13.mostimportantofall最为重要是， 13.worsestill更糟糕的是， 14.inafewwords(或insum，
inshort)简而言之， 15.inotherwords换句话说，
16.ina sense 在某种意义上， 17.in general 一般说来， 18.in my view 在我看来， 19.inconclusion总之， 20.insummary概括地说， 21.infact事实上， 22.inthefirstplace首先，23.in
addition此外，24.ofcourse当然， 25.tomyknowledge据我所知， 26.forinstance(或example)
例如， 27.asamatteroffact事实上,
28.strictlyspeaking严格地说， 29.generallyspeaking一般地说， 30.judgingfrom…根据……
判断,
31.tobesure无疑， 32.tosumup概括地说， 33.totellthetruth老实说, 34.Iamsure我可以
肯定地说，
35.Ibelieve我相信， 36.Iwonder我不知道， 37.thatis也就是说， 38.itseems看来是， 39.as
Iseeit照我看来， 40.whatisimportant(serious)重要(严重)的是
1解决:Solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle
2损害： Damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardize
3给与：Give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford
4培养：：Develop,cultivate,foster
5优势：Advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength
6 缺陷：Disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness
7 使迷惑：Puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle
8 重要的：Key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperative
9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be
firmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced
10 保护：Protect,conserve,preserve
11确保：Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge
12 有害的： Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental
13 要求 ：Request,demand,needs,requisition
14 消除 ：Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway
15 导致： Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce,generate
16 因此：So,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaconsequence,accordingly,asaresult,because
ofthis,asaresultofthis
17 增长至：Growto，riseto，increaseto，goupto，climbto，ascendto，jumpto，shootto
18降低至：Dipto，fallto，declineto，decreaseto，dropto，godownto，reduceto，slumpto，
descendto，sinkto，slideto
19保持稳定：Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，
maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepat
thesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout
20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，
considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，
noticeably
21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22 宣称：Allege,assert,declare,claim
23 发生：Happen,occur,takeplace24 原因：Reason,factor,cause
25 发展：Development,advance,progress
26 有益的：Useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding， advantageous
27 影响：Influence,impact,effect
28明显的：Clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-clear
29占：Comprise,takeup,accountfor,constitute,consistof,makeup,occupy,hold,compose
30与…相比：Comparedwith，comparedto，incomparisonwith，incomparisonto，bycomparison
with，bycomparisonto
31对比而言：Bycontrast，incontrast，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary=，conversely
32展示：Show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,present,represent,describe
33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34波动：Fluctuate，goupsanddowns，displayafluctuation，demonstrateafluctuation
35事实上：Practically，inpractice，essentially，inessence，inreality，ineffect，infact，asamatter
offact，itisafactthat
36换言之：Namely，thatistosay，inotherwords，toputitlikethis，toputitdifferently，toputit
fromanotherway，toputitfromanotherangle.
1.individuals,characters,folks替换people,persons
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent,
outstanding,superior替换good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less
impressive替换
Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with
girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they
findtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.
4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替换many.
注：用many,ifnotmost 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,
harbortheideathat….同理 用most,ifnotall,替换most.
5:asliceof,quietafew,several替换some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is
universallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7:affair,business,matter 替换thing
8:shared 代 common
9.reaphugefruits 替换getmanybenefits)
10:formypart,frommyownperspective 替换 inmyopinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换moreandmore( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词
时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
Eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity. Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.
12.littleifanything, 或littleornothing替换hardly
13..beneficial,rewarding替换helpful
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely 替换very
16.hardlynecessary,hardlyinevitable... 替换 unnecessary,avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb. be
interestedin
18.captureone’sattention替换attractone’sattention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代 indicate,suggest,fear
21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger 替换cause
22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth 替换..reasonsforsth
23.desire 替换want
24.pourattentioninto 替换payattentionto
25.bearinmindthat 替换remember
26.enjoy,possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27.interaction替换communication
28.frownonsth替换 beagainst,disagreewithsth
29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample替换 forexample,forinstance
30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,替换nearly/almostimpossible
