【2026版高考总复习红与勾讲与练英语word电子版09.第九讲 名词和数词

单句语法填空

1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western favourites (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.

2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)… the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness (rich) of gardening in England.

3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common themes (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.

4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to findthe connection between the two great writers.

5．(2024·全国甲卷)They are treasures (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)．

6．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion (complete) of their journey.

7．(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the criticism (criticize) that they lead to waste.

8．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.

9．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews (interview) in English with international journalists.

10．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life, with 21st­century architectural wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.

11．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well­known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth (six) century B．C.

12．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events (event)．

13．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

14．(2022·浙江1月卷)When the answer was no，she declined the invitation (invite)．

15．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a responsibility (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.

考点一名词

(一)名词的数

1．可数名词的复数变化规则

	规则	例词
规则变化	一般情况加­s	book→books、American→Americans、apple→apples
以­s、­x、­sh、­ch等结尾加­es	bus→buses、dish→dishes(stomachs除外)以辅音字母＋­y结尾，变y为i加­es	factory→factories、baby→babies
以元音字母＋­y结尾，直接加­s	boy→boys、toy→toys、day→days
不规则变化	以­f、­fe结尾，变f、fe为v再加­es	leaf→leaves、wife→wives(roofs、proofs、gulfs、beliefs、chiefs、safes除外)
[口诀]　妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(myself)命，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光
以­o结尾：有生命的加­es，无生命的加­s	hero→heroes、potato→potatoes、piano→pianos、radio→radios(hippos、bamboos除外)
[口诀]　英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)
年代­s 或­’s	in the 1930s/1930’s
改变词中元音字母	woman→women、goose→geese、man→men、foot→feet、tooth→teeth
特殊情况	child→children、bacterium→bacteria、crisis→crises、ox→oxen、phenomenon→phenomena、criterion→criteria
合成名词变复数	passer­by→passers­by、daughter­in­law→daughters­in­law、go­between→go­betweens、grown­up→grown­ups

2.用于特定表达中的名词复数

(1)某些名词往往以复数形式出现，表示总称或成对出现，如clothes(衣服)、surroundings(环境)、chopsticks(筷子)、scissors(剪刀)、belongings(所有物)、congratulations(祝贺)、earnings(收入)、works(著作)、manners(礼貌)、papers(文件)。

(2)在一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，如take turns to do sth.(轮流做某事)、make preparations for(为……做准备)、make ends meet(使收支仅能相抵)、take pains to do sth.(费力地做某事)等。

[名师指津]　①虽以­s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如maths、politics、physics等学科名词。 news 为不可数名词， the United States、economics表示单数意义；②以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数，如TheArabianNights(《一千零一夜》)；③单复数同形的单词有means、deer、sheep、works(工厂)、aircraft、species、Chinese、Japanese、fish(fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes)。

3．抽象名词具体化

具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，这些词有：

单词	抽象名词	具体化名词意义
success	成功	成功的人或事
pleasure	乐趣	令人高兴的事
attraction	吸引	有吸引力的人或事物
beauty	美；美丽	美丽的人或事物
comfort	安慰；慰藉	令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger	危险	危险的人或因素
delight	高兴	令人高兴的事
failure	失败	失败的人或事物
surprise	惊奇	令人惊奇的事情
shock	震惊	令人震惊的事情
pride	骄傲	令人骄傲的人或事

(二)名词所有格

类型	构成方法
­’s所有格	主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加­’s，如John’s home约翰的家；(2)以­s或­es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加­’，如students’ textbooks 学生们的课本；(3)不以­s或­es结尾的复数名词，仍加­’s，如children’s game 孩子们的游戏
of所有格	表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，如the title of the article文章的标题；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格，如the name of the girl over there那边的那个女孩的名字
双重所有格	双重所有格的构成为“名词＋of＋­’s所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those 等修饰，但一般不用the。如a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片；this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫

(三)名词的构词法

1．动词变名词的后缀

后缀	例词
­al	approve→approval, survive→survival, arrive→arrival, refuse→refusal, propose→proposal
­ance/­ence	appear→appearance, perform→performance, guide→guidance, exist→existence, prefer→preference, refer→reference, depend→dependence
­ion/­tion/­ation	direct→direction, expect→expectation，invite→invitation, solve→solution, compete→competition, describe→description, repeat→repetition, explain→explanation, pronounce→pronunciation
­s(s)ion	admit→admission, decide→decision
­ing	hear→hearing, listen→listening
­ment	achieve→achievement, develop→development, argue→argument, punish→punishment
­ure/­ture	fail→failure, press→pressure, mix→mixture, expose→exposure
­y	recover→recovery, discover→discovery
­er/­or	teach→teacher, announce→announcer, conduct→conductor
其他常见变化	choose→choice, vary→variety, tend→tendency, grow→growth, marry→marriage, pack→package

2.形容词变名词的后缀

后缀	例词
­cy	luent→fluency, accurate→accuracy, private→privacy, efficient→efficiency
­dom	free→freedom, wise→wisdom­ness,dark→darkness, weak→weakness, kind→kindness, cold→coldness, aware→awareness
­th	warm→warmth, true→truth, deep→depth, strong→strength, long→length, wide→width
­y/­ty/­ity	difficult→difficulty, honest→honesty, safe→safety, cruel→cruelty, responsible→responsibility
­ce	different→difference, silent→silence, patient→patience, absent→absence, present→presence, confident→confidence, convenient→convenience, important→importance, significant→significance

——单句语法填空

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