ARTICLE · 1213891
初中英语语法------被动语态
被动语态专题
中考考点 | 考查频率 | 新课标要求 |
被动语态的基本用法 | ★★★★★ | 理解被动语态表达的语义功能，掌握其与主动语态区别，能准确识别和运用被动语态。 |
不同时态被动语态的结构形式 | ★★★★★ | 掌握被动语态"be+过去分词"的核心结构，熟练运用各种时态和情态动词的被动形式。 |
主动表被动的情况 | ★★★ | 理解特定动词用主动形式表达被动含义的特殊用法，掌握常见的主动表被动结构。 |
不使用被动的情况 | ★★★★ | 掌握不及物动词、系动词、特定动词短语等不能用于被动语态的情况，避免误用。 |
被动语态是中考英语的重要考点，整体在中考英语中占分比重约为 8%-12%，因地区和试卷结构而异。从题型来看，单项选择常考查被动语态的基本结构和时态变化；语法填空和词语运用可能涉及被动语态的结构转换；书面表达中要求能适当运用被动语态使表达更加地道。 |
被动语态 | 动词语态的概述 | 主动语态 |
被动语态 | ||
被动语态的用法 | 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。 突出承受者或广告，用被动语态错不了。 | |
被动语态的构成 | “be+过去分词 (be动词体现时态等变化） | |
主动语态变被动语态的方法 | 宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键。 过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by后见。 |
一、被动语态的的基本用法
1. 主动与被动
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系 | ||
主动语态 | 表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者 | He wrote a novel. (主语he是动作wrote的执行者) |
被动语态 | 表示主语是动作的承受者 | The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday. (主语the classroom是动作的承受者) |
2.主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
请对比分析下列主动句和被动句：
基本方法总结：
第一步：宾变主：即把主动语态句子的宾语(连同宾语的定语)变为被动语态句的主语，放在被动句句首。（如果原主动语态句的宾语为代词宾格形式，变为被动语态句主语时应变为主格形式）
第二步：谓变被：把主动语态句子的谓语结构变为被动语态句的谓语结构(be+done)，这时要注意：被动语态谓语动词要与主语单复数保持一致，副词一般放在谓语结构中过去分词之前。
第三步：主变宾，前加by：把主动语态句主语放在被动语态句谓语部分之后，前加介词by(主格代词应该变为宾格代词)。
第四步：状不变：一般状语结构不作变化，原样放在句末或句首。
主动语态变被动语态的口诀 宾语提前主语变， 时态人称be关键。 过去分词勿变错， 原主变宾by后见。 |
3.被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 | The book was publishedin 2005. |
（2）强调动作的承受者 | Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. |
（3）出于委婉或礼貌等原因，避免提及动作执行者 | We are givena lot of homework to do. |
（4）文章标题、广告或新闻中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态 | Girls Wanted. (招女工；广告用语，省略了are) Road Blocked. (道路阻塞；广告用语，省略is) |
（5）被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者”引出 | The window was brokenby Jacklast night. |
1.（2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题） Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment.
A. plantB. are plantedC. were plantedD. have planted
【答案】B
2.（2024·河北·统考中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class.
A. readsB. readC. is readD. was read
【答案】D
3.（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany?
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
A. speakB. is spokenC. is speakingD. speaks
【答案】B
4.（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year.
A. are plantedB. were plantedC. plantD. planted
【答案】A
5.（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A. is lovedB. was lovedC. will loveD. is loving
【答案】A
6.（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A. providesB. providedC. is providedD. was provided
【答案】C
7.（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.
A. introduceB. introducedC. are introducedD. were introduced
【答案】D
二、不同时态被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构：be+过去分词
(通过be动词体现时态变化，并且be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。)
常用时态 | 被动结构 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | am/ is/are+过去分词 | These books are designed for children. |
一般过去时 | was/were+过去分词 | A lot of flowers were plantedalong the street last month. |
一般将来时 | will/shall be+过去分词 am/is/are going to be+过去分词 | The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. |
现在进行时 | am/is/are+being+过去分词 | A new railway is being built. |
过去进行时 | was/were+being+过去分词 | The road was being widenedwhen I passed by the village. |
现在完成时 | have/has been+过去分词 | The work has been finishedon time. |
含情态动词 | can/may/must等情态动词+be+过去分词 | Books can’t be taken out of the reading room . |
1.（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that?
—Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.
A. are askedB. were asked
C. will be askedD. should be asked
【答案】B
2.（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）—The environment of this town is better now.
—That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago.
A. are plantedB. were plantedC. will be planted
【答案】B
3.（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.
A. is broughtB. was broughtC. will be brought
【答案】B
4.（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A. showsB. is showingC. were shownD. will be shown
【答案】D
5.（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) ________ in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.
A. was heldB. is heldC. will be heldD. has been held
【答案】D
6.（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech on robots ________ in the school hall next Friday afternoon.
A. is givenB. will be givenC. was givenD. has been given
【答案】B
7.（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）It’s said that tea ________ by accident about five thousand years ago.
A. was inventedB. is inventedC. will be inventedD. were invented
【答案】A
8.（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A. is foundB. has been foundC. will be foundD. could be found
【答案】D
三、主动形式表示被动含义
表示主语的性质、特征的动词，如：read, sell, wash, write等 | The cloth washeswell.这种布料很容易洗。 |
感官动词，如：smell, feel, taste, look, sound等 | This piece of music soundsgood. 这段音乐听起来不错。 |
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，如：need, want, require, worth等 need doing = need to be done | The bike needs repairing. = The bikeneeds to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 |
“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构中，to do用主动形式表达被动含义 | The question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。 |
1.—Have you moved in the new house?
—No. It needs________.
A. cleaned B. cleaning C. to clean D. being cleaned
【答案】B
2. This kind of cloth________ well but________ short.A. is washed; lasts B. washes; is lasted C. washes; lasts D.is washed; is lasted
【答案】C
3. The book is not interesting enough________.A. to be publishingB. to publishC. publishD. published
【答案】B
4. The old man is easy________. A. to get alongB. to get along with C. to be got alongD. to be got along with
【答案】B
5.The light music ________ good. Would you like to listen to it?
A.is sounded B.sounds C.was sounded D.sound
【答案】B
四、不能使用被动语态的情况
不及物动词及不及物动词短语无被动，如：appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持续), happen, take place, break out, break down, belong to, come out等 | A fire broke out during the night.昨晚发生了火灾。 |
系动词无被动，如：be, feel, sound, look, smell, taste等 | Although he is 50 years old, he looks young.尽管他已经50多岁了，但是他看上去很年轻。 |
某些静态动词无被动，如：have, lack, fit, suit, benefit, contain等 | My shoes don’t fit me.我的鞋不合适。 |
反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用被动语态 | We have helped each other for over two years.我们相互帮助有两年多了。 |
1.The new bed ________ very hard, I couldn't sleep well last night.
A.feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. felt
【答案】A
2.We all hope that the World Cup will ________ in our country in the near future.
A.hold B. be happened C. take place D. be taken place
【答案】C
3.The cakes in the restaurant ________, so they ________ well.
A.are tasted better; are sold B. are tasted good; sell
C. taste well; are sold D. taste good; sell
【答案】D
4.—It's time to do your homework, Jack.
—Yes, Mum. I'll turn off the TV as soon as the football match ________.
A.ends B.is ended C.will be ended D.will end
【答案】A
5.The palace caught fire three times in the last century and little of the original building ________ now.
A. remains B.is remained C.is remaining D.has been remained
【答案】A
