Reading

Reading Section

In the Reading section, you will answer 35-48 questions to demonstrate how well you understand academic and non-academic texts in English, There are three types of tasks.

Module 1

The clock will show you how much time you have to complete Module 1.

You can use Next and Back to move to the next question or return to previous questions within the same module.

You WILL NOT be able to return to Module 1 once you have begun Module 2.

Module 1

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph

Questions 1-10 of 35

Color perception has fascinated scientists and artists alike for centuries. The study of pigments, subst__  __ __  __ __that gi__ __ color t__ materials, rev__ __ __ __ complex intera__ __ __ __ __ __ with li__ __ __. Pigments abs__ __ __ certain wavel__ __ __ __ __ __ and ref__ __ __ __ others, wh__ __ __ is why objects appear to have color. Synthetic pigments have expanded the color palette available to artists and industries. The development of pigments requires knowledge of chemistry and physics, as their properties influence durability and appearance. Understanding how pigments behave is crucial in various fields, from art restoration to manufacturing.

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph

Questions 11-20 of 35

The last Ice Age sculpted the face of Earth, leaving behind majestic glaciers that continue to shape the landscape even today. These mas_ _  _  _   ice riv_  _  _  flow slo_  _  _ , grinding do_  _  mountains a_  _  carving val_  _  _  _  over mill_  _  _  _  _ . Compared t_  other geolo_  _  _  _  _  phenomena, t_  _ movement of glaciers is imperceptible on a human timescale, yet their impact is undeniably profound. Glaciers serve as natural archives of Earth's climatic history, preserving atmospheric data in layers of ice that have accumulated over thousands of years. Studying glaciers allows scientists to analyze past temperature patterns and environmental changes over time.

21-22

Read an article.

New Air Purification System Invented

Researchers in Williamsville University's Chemistry Department have patented an indoor air purification system that removes 99 percent of airborne particles within minutes.

Lead researcher Akira Inoshita says it could greatly improve classroom air quality.

The Facilities Office plans campus-wide installation by next fall.

21

What is indicated about the air purification system?

It was created by Williamsville University together with other universities.

It works quickly and highly effectively.

It is currently used in all areas of the university.

It will be installed throughout campus by Akira Inoshita.

22

What can be inferred about the impact of the air purification system?

It will need years more of development before it becomes practical.

It will improve air quality at the outdoor stadium.

It will create healthier classroom environments.

It will reduce the university's overall energy use.

23-25

Read a poster.

Study in Prague with Hudson Valley University!

This summer, immerse yourself in one of Europe’s most captivating cities through Hudson Valley University’s Summer Semester in Prague. No Czech language skills are required—courses in history, art, and cultural studies are taught in English by experienced faculty. Each course integrates lectures with fieldwork for a dynamic learning experience. Beyond the classroom, explore Prague’s cultural landmarks and intellectual heritage. Stand beneath the intricate Astronomical Clock in Old Town Square, walk across the historic Charles Bridge, and visit the imposing Prague Castle, a symbol of centuries of political and artistic evolution. Discover the Jewish Quarter, home to profound narratives of resilience, and experience the city’s café culture, long associated with literary and philosophical discourse.

Program Highlights:

• Academic credit and cultural excursions

• Affordable housing and financial-aid options

• Guided weekend trips across Central Europe

Apply now—limited spaces available!

23

All of the following are mentioned as program highlights EXCEPT

the opportunity to earn course credits

access to financial assistance

housing with participating Czech families

supervised excursions outside of Prague

24

What does the discussion of Prague's cultural landmarks and intellectual heritage suggest about the program's educational philosophy?

It prioritizes classroom learning over experiential activities.

It views cultural immersion as an integral part of academic growth.

It aims to replace formal coursework with informal educational activities.

It assumes that students will already be familiar with European history.

25

It can be inferred that one reason the poster emphasizes that “No Czech language skills are required” is to

reassure students who might hesitate because of language barriers

demonstrate that English is spoken widely in Prague

emphasize the wide range of languages spoken by those who enroll

highlight course offerings in conversational Czech

26-30

Read a blog post.

At Eastwood University, students enjoy diverse dining choices.

The Green Eatery serves only vegan meals, while The Garden Patch offers vegetarian dishes with dairy and eggs. Crossroads Kitchen features Asian fusion and is gaining fans. Baxter’s Brew remains a campus favorite for coffee and pastries.

26

What is the main purpose of the blog post?

To inform readers about dining options at Eastwood University

To promote the environmental benefits of veganism and vegetarianism

To review newly opened off-campus dining facilities

To announce the opening of a new restaurant on campus

27

Which of the establishments mentioned in the blog post likely does NOT offer a full menu of cooked-to-order dishes?

The Green Eatery

The Garden Patch

Crossroads Kitchen

Baxter's Brew

28-30

Read an article.

The Rise of Sustainable Living in University Housing

Martinsburg (April 10)

As universities trend toward eco-consciousness, more students are embracing sustainable living in campus housing. At Greenleaf University, the new EcoHousing initiative features solar panels and rainwater-harvesting systems. Select dorms also have communal gardens. This program aligns with students’ growing demand for environmentally friendly spaces.

In a recent survey, 78 percent of Greenleaf students expressed interest in sustainable housing. The initiative also includes workshops on recycling and energy conservation, aiming to create environmentally aware graduates.

Emily Hart, a senior in environmental science, noted, “Living sustainably on campus shows that daily choices have global impact.” The administration hopes this program will inspire other schools to follow suit.

Greenleaf even offers financial incentives: Students who choose EcoHousing receive a 5 percent discount on housing fees. The university plans to expand the initiative to more dorms next year.

28

All of the following are mentioned as features of the EcoHousing initiative EXCEPT

solar power

composting bins

shared gardening spaces

the collection of rainwater

29

According to the article, a survey revealed that a large percentage of Greenleaf students are

choosing to major in environmental science

demanding more spacious rooms in dormitories

seeking housing that is environmentally friendly

dissatisfied with the university's housing options

30

Why does the article mention a discount?

To suggest that housing fees have increased significantly

To highlight that EcoHousing costs more than traditional dorms

To encourage students to attend the recycling workshops

To feature an incentive that the university offers to students

31-35

Written Records in Ancient Societies

For those ancient civilizations that used writing—for instance, all the great civilizations in Mesoamerica, China, Egypt, and the Near East—written historical records can answer many social questions. A prime goal of the archaeologist studying these societies is therefore to find appropriate texts. Many of the early excavations of the great sites of the Near East had the recovery of clay writing tablets as the main goal.

In each early literate society, writing had its own function and purpose. For instance, the clay tablets of Mycenaean Greece, dating from around 1200 B.C., were all, without exception, primarily records of commercial transactions at the Mycenaean palaces. This discovery gives us an impression of many aspects of the Mycenaean economy and a glimpse into craft organization, as well as introducing the names of the offices of state. But here, as in other cases, accidents of preservation may be important. It could be that the Mycenaeans wrote on clay only for their commercial records and used other perishable materials for literary or historical texts now lost to us.

Written records undoubtedly contribute greatly to our knowledge of the society in question. But one should not accept them uncritically at face value. Nor should one forget the bias introduced by the accidents of preservation and the particular uses of literacy in a society. The great risk with historical records is that they can impose their own perspective so that they begin not only to supply the answers to our questions but subtly to determine the nature of those questions and even our concepts and terminology.

31

What is the primary focus of the passage?

The techniques archaeologists use to excavate ancient writing tablets

The commercial and economic functions of writing in Mycenaean Greece

The differences in writing systems among Mesoamerican and Near Eastern civilizations

The role and limitations of written records in understanding ancient societies

32

According to the passage, what did the clay tablets found at Mycenaean palaces primarily document?

Commercial transactions involving goods

Religious ceremonies and the deeds of rulers

The names and titles of military officers

Literary texts and historical narratives

33

The word "perishable" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

rare

impermanent

costly

sacred

34

What can be inferred from the passage about the surviving written records of ancient societies?

They are most reliable when they deal with commercial rather than political matters.

They represent a complete and balanced account of each society's activities.

They reflect the types of materials and purposes for which writing was used in each society.

They were deliberately selected by rulers to preserve favorable portrayals.

35

Why does the author mention that the Mycenaeans may have used perishable materials for literary or historical texts?

To argue that clay tablets were an inferior writing medium compared to other materials

To demonstrate that Mycenaean literary culture was more advanced than previously believed

To explain why archaeologists prioritize the excavation of clay tablets over other artifacts

To suggest that the surviving tablets offer only a partial view of Mycenaean writing practices

Module 2

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph

Questions 1-10 of 15

The cultural exchange between Europe and the Near East during the medieval period had a lasting impact on art, science, and philosophy. Although the Crusades were primarily military campaigns, they facil__ __ __ __ __ __  contact th__ __ led t__ the tran__ __ __ __ of id__ __ __ and techno__ __ __ __ __ __. European scho__ __ __ __ gained acc__ __ __ to adva__ __ __ __ knowledge i__ mathematics and medicine from the Islamic world, sparking renewed intellectual activity. Translations of Arabic philosophical texts, including commentaries on Aristotle, challenged existing doctrines and inspired new schools of thought. This exchange helped reshape European intellectual life.

Questions 11-15 of 15

The Benefits of Music Education

In the United States, music education has been consistently linked to enhanced cognitive development. Studies such as those by the National Association for Music Education (NAfME) and research published in Frontiers in Psychology have shown that children who study music often demonstrate improvements in memory, language acquisition, and spatial-temporal reasoning. These cognitive gains are attributed to the discipline and structured practice inherent in learning music, which strengthens neural pathways associated with attention and processing.

Beyond cognition, music education contributes meaningfully to social development. Participation in an ensemble—a group of musicians performing together—requires active collaboration, listening, and nonverbal communication, fostering empathy and cooperative behavior. This group dynamic differs from traditional classroom settings and can support the development of interpersonal skills. Moreover, music provides a safe space for emotional exploration. Students engage with complex emotions, both their own and those conveyed by others, through the expressive nature of music itself. This experience can enhance emotional intelligence and serve as a constructive outlet for stress.

Despite these documented benefits, music programs in U.S. schools are often viewed as nonessential compared to core academic subjects and thus vulnerable to budget cuts. This reduction may disproportionately affect students who could benefit most from music's holistic contributions, potentially limiting their cognitive, social, and emotional growth.

11

Why does the author mention "neural pathways associated with attention and processing"?

To explain one way in which music might improve certain mental skills

To highlight the parts of the brain used when listening to music

To contradict the results of a study in Frontiers in Psychology

To suggest that music education has little effect on cognitive development

12

Based on the discussion in the passage, what type of musical activity would be least likely to support social development?

Playing in an orchestra

Singing in a choir

Calming oneself with peaceful music

Being a band member

13

According to the passage, music education promotes social development in all of the following ways EXCEPT

by developing listening skills

by teaching students to communicate non-verbally

by encouraging cooperative behavior

by setting high standards for performance quality

14

What does the passage suggest about music education in the United States?

It is acknowledged to be a necessary part of the school curriculum.

It is at greater risk of losing its funding than other school subjects are.

Some parents fear that time and money spent on music programs will limit their children's academic growth.

Some parents want to see further studies done on the benefits of music education.

15

The word "holistic" in the passage is closest in meaning to

documented

celebrated

comprehensive

well-known

Listening

Module 1

Conversation, Announcement, and Academic Talk

You will listen only one time and then answer questions.

In an actual test, the clock will indicate how much time you have to answer.

1

I don't like being at the front of the line.

Sure, we can start with that.

Yes, these sofa cushions are quite nice.

It's a computer-generated image.

2

I think the weather is fine.

Last Thursday, I believe.

I need to see the facilities first.

Fitness is important.

3

I enjoy live music.

Yes, the author really wrote a masterpiece.

I've never heard of that play.

Probably on campus somewhere.

4

I watched a movie last night.

He plays the guitar well.

I found it very interesting.

There's a concert downtown.

5

The old printer is broken.

It's located on the first floor.

It started at nine a.m.

Sure, I'd be happy to.

6

Yes, but it was canceled at the last minute.

Yes, that sounds delightful.

He probably wants to be included in the project.

Will lunch be included on that day?

7

I'll share my location with you.

The theater opens at five p.m.

That sounds delicious.

Please list your sources.

8

No, yesterday.

I'll need to check.

Professor Johnson will be speaking.

Down the hallway in Room 104.

9

Not now, but we can go shopping after the quiz.

Absolutely, staying fit has always been my priority.

Definitely, it's important to be prepared.

No rush—we can leave when you're ready.

10

Right after lunch break.

I'm sorry I didn't reply to your invitation.

Sure, I'll let you know when they arrive.

I don't know which building it is.

11

I think we can submit it through the course website.

I'll review the requirements and confirm.

It's on the third floor near the lab.

No, the campus art gallery is closed on Sundays.

12

Play rehearsals went well yesterday.

Her speech was really engaging.

We should go there at some point next week.

Let's practice tonight and make it perfect.

13-14

Q13：

Why is the woman interested in an extracurricular activity?

She wants to develop her study skills.

She believes she is a good public speaker.

She needs to fulfill a graduation requirement.

She was inspired by the person who led her tour.

Q14：

Who most likely is the man?

A professor

A campus tour guide

A residence hall advisor

A security guard

15-16

Q15：

What has the man been doing?

Cleaning up after a picnic

Preparing for a celebration

Taking an inventory of supplies

Attending a professional conference

Q16：

What will the woman probably do next?

Shop for food and drinks

Reserve a meeting venue

Set up a conference room

Look over a list of award recipients

17-18

Q17：

What concern about food is being discussed?

It is too expensive.

It tastes bland.

It is not very healthy.

It lacks variety.

Q18：

What does the man imply about the dining hall manager?

She made a change based on student feedback.

She ignored an idea he had proposed.

She suggested creating a petition.

She is relatively new to her job.

19-20

Q19：

What information is the speaker mainly providing?

Research results

An event schedule

Participation requirements

A sustainability problem

Q20：

What are students advised to do early?

Schedule a meeting

Arrange for transportation and food

Analyze some test results

Read some articles

21-22

Q21：

What is the main topic of the announcement?

A student meeting

An upcoming film festival

A new film course

A film discussion panel

Q22：

What does the speaker hope the listeners will do?

Participate in discussions

Volunteer for the event

Submit their films

Attend the festival

23-24

Q23：

According to the speaker, why is the bookstore so busy?

It has expanded.

It is running a sale.

It has added new inventory.

It has received many positive reviews.

Q24：

Why does the speaker mention customer experience?

To explain her reasoning regarding damaged products

To discuss an update she received from a store manager

To provide a reason for an upcoming sale

To make a point about some negative feedback

25-28

Q25：

What is the main topic of the talk?

The benefits of achieving flow

The role of feedback in flow

The challenges of finding flow - inducing activities

The concept and characteristics of flow

Q26：

Why does the speaker mention athletes and artists?

To explain the role of feedback in achieving flow

To suggest that not everyone can achieve flow

To highlight the connection of flow to success

To provide examples of individuals who often experience flow

Q27：

What does the speaker say about people who regularly experience flow?

They often work in jobs that include easy tasks.

They enjoy a variety of activities.

They are often happier and more fulfilled.

They earn more money than people who do not experience flow.

Q28：

What does the speaker say is a challenge to achieving flow?

Finding individuals to provide feedback

Identifying activities that are a proper match with skill level

Avoiding boredom when a task becomes too easy

Working on multiple things at the same time

29-32

Q29：

What is the main focus of the talk?

The camouflage techniques of marine animals.

How adaptations help a marine species survive and hunt.

The energy costs of living in the ocean.

How hunting strategies have evolved in different species of fish.

Q30：

How does the stargazer fish primarily capture prey?

By actively pursuing it.

By floating completely motionlessly.

By utilizing a combination of camouflage and electrical discharges.

By creating sound waves.

Q31：

According to the speaker, what is a significant drawback associated with the stargazer's hunting adaptation?

Increased visibility to predators.

High energy levels needed for certain organs.

Limited speed and agility.

Impaired vision due to eyes that face upward.

Q32：

According to the speaker, what aspect of evolutionary biology is illustrated by the stargazer's adaptation?

The simplicity of natural adaptations.

The elegance of predatory tactics.

The balance between adaptive advantages and metabolic costs.

The unpredictability of marine life evolution.

Module 2

Q1：

How many hours did it take to get there?

Of course, feel free to come along.

Did you have the same professor for that class?

You know you can always email him, right?

Q2：

She is studying to be a wildlife conservationist.

No, I was unable to attend.

Yes, I want to protect the animals living in aquatic habitats.

The new panels will help conserve energy in our dorm.

Q3：

We're running low on milk and sugar.

I asked Ivan to take care of it.

Free shipping is included in the price.

I didn't know we had to register here.

4-5

Q4：

Why will the woman pick up an order?

She does not want items left at her dormitory when she is not home.

She does not want to pay a delivery fee.

She will already be in the vicinity.

She needs some items immediately.

Q5：

What is one option the man offers the woman regarding a T-shirt?

A refund

A different color

A later delivery time

A smaller size

6-7

Q6：

Why were the speakers talking about the gardening book?

The man wanted to read it himself.

The woman had a question about its content.

The woman wanted to buy a copy for herself.

The man wanted the woman to return it.

Q7：

What has the book inspired the woman to do?

Start an herb garden

Write a book of her own

Help the man with his garden

Seek gardening advice online

8-11

Q8：

What does the speaker mainly discuss?

The influence of 1920s female directors on today's Hollywood filmmakers

The career of an early Hollywood director who worked on both silent and sound films

The differences between the ways that silent and early sound films were made

The ways that early Hollywood actors influenced the decisions made by directors

Q9：

What point does the speaker make about The Jazz Singer?

It was Charlie Chaplin's first film with spoken dialogue.

It was the first full-length sound film.

It was a silent film made after sound films were introduced.

It was directed by a team of woman filmmakers.

Q10：

What attitude does the speaker express toward Blood and Sand?

He is surprised by the amount of money it cost to make.

He is impressed by how quickly it became popular.

He is disappointed that women were not asked to work on it.

He is angry that Dorothy Arzner was not recognized for her work on it.

Q11：

What does the speaker say was a common topic of Dorothy Arzner's films?

Unusual relationships

Funny stories

Dramatic events

Lives of famous directors

12-15

Q12：

What is the talk mainly about?

The importance of pyramids in Egyptian culture

A certain type of rock that was used in ancient construction

A way in which fossils are identified

Reasons for changes in Egyptian architecture over the centuries

Q13：

What is the speaker explaining when talking about coins?

A new theory about the creation of the pyramids

An artifact that can be found at the site of pyramids

The size of holes that were drilled in some rocks

The name of some organisms

Q14：

What about nummulites does the speaker find surprising?

That they had hard shells

That they provided food for clams and oysters

That they survived in sediment

That they consisted of a single cell

Q15：

What will the speaker probably discuss next?

Methods for shaping limestone in pyramid construction

Processes for moving limestone blocks

Reasons that the pyramids were not built entirely from the same material

The variety of sea organisms that lived in what is now Egypt

Writing

Writing Section

In the writing section, you will answer 12 questions to demonstrate how well you can write in English. There are three types of tasks.

Build a Sentence

Move the words in the boxes to create grammatical sentences.

A clock will show you how much time you have to complete this task.

Write an Email

You will read some information and use the information to write an email.

You will have 7 minutes to write the email.

You recently completed a course on world history and found it very interesting, though you do have some criticisms. The teacher, Professor Brown, has asked for feedback from students to help improve the course. You want to offer some suggestions.

Write an email to Professor Brown. In your email, do the following.

• Express your appreciation for Professor Brown's teaching.

• Mention what you found most helpful about the course.

• Suggest what aspect of the course could be improved and how.

Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.

Your Response:

To: Professor Brown

Subject: Feedback on world history course

Write for an Academic Discussion

Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor's question.

In your response, you should do the following.

• Express and support your opinion.

• Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Professor Gupta

Today we'll discuss the role of technology in modern education. As you know, technology can enhance learning by providing access to a wealth of information and interactive tools. However, many people believe that technology can be a distraction and hinder traditional learning methods. So, technology can be beneficial or harmful to learners depending on the context. But considered in general terms, has technology had a positive or negative effect on modern education as a whole? Explain your reasoning.

Andrew

I think technology enhances learning by making information more accessible and engaging. Tools like educational apps and online resources can cater to different learning styles and help students understand complex concepts.

Claire

Overreliance on technology prevents learners from developing critical thinking skills and solving problems independently. A well-rounded education is only possible through traditional teaching and learning methods.

Speaking：

Speaking Section

In the speaking section, you will answer 11 questions to demonstrate how well you can speak English. There are two types of tasks.

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