初中英语定语从句中需注意的事项(汇总版)

一、先行词指物，只用that，不用which的情况

1. 先行词是all, little, much, nothing, few, something, everything等不定代词时

例句：It is something that you use to paint pictures.它是你用来画画的一些东西。

2. 先行词被the same, the only, the very, all, the last, the one(s), no等修饰

例句：I want to read all the books that were written by Shakespeare.我想读莎士比亚写的所有书。

3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰

例句：This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。

4. 主句是以疑问词which或who开头的特殊疑问句

例句：Which is the bike that you have lost?你丢失的自行车是哪辆？

5. 先行词既有人又有物

例句：We talked about persons and things that we remembered in middle school.我们谈论了我们在中学时记得的人和事情。

6. 主句以here或there开头，且先行词指物时

例句：Here is the pen that Mary have been looking for.这是玛丽一直在找的那支笔。

二、关系词只用which，不用that的情况

1. 先行词本身是that

例句：What's that which is on the desk?桌子上的东西是什么？

2. 关系代词前面有介词且指物时

例句：This is the room in which James once lived.这是James曾经住过的房间。

3. 引导非限制性定语从句

例句：Crusoe's dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.Crusoe的狗现在很老了，生病死了。

三、关系词只用who，不用that的情况

1. 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如someone、anyone、one、all、nobody、no one等

例句：I'll ask someone who likes comedy movies.我会去问问喜欢喜剧题材电影的人。

2. 先行词为those且指人

例句：Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.想去长城的人在这里报名。

3. 主句为there be句型，且先行词指人

例句：There are instructors who can show you how to swim.有教练可以教你如何游泳。

4. 先行词指人，且先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时

例句：They were the first students who finished the homework.他们是第一批完成作业的学生。

四、定语从句的主谓一致

1. 关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。先行词是单数时，从句谓语动词用单数形式；先行词是复数时，从句谓语动词用复数形式。

① The students that laugh at the disabled are not good students.嘲笑残疾人的学生不是好学生。（先行词students，谓语用复数）

② Mr. Black, who is in the meeting room, is asking to see you.布莱克先生要见你，他在会议室。（先行词Mr. Black，谓语用单数）

③ The Blacks, who are in the meeting room, are asking to see you.布莱克夫妇要见你，他们在会议室。（先行词The Blacks，谓语用复数）

2. 先行词为“one of+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the (only/very /right) one of+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。

① He is one of the students who were awarded.他是当时受到奖励的学生之一。（受奖励的学生不止一个，先行词是students）

② He is the only one of the students who was awarded.他是当时唯一受到奖励的学生。（受到奖励的学生只有他一个，先行词是the only one）

五、关系代词的省略

一般情况下 which、whom 作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词 which、whom 在从句中作介词的宾语且位于介词后面时，不能省略。

例句：There are many ways in which Chinese people express their respect.中国人表达敬意的方式有很多种。（which作介词in的宾语，不可省略）

六、“介词+关系代词”的用法

1. 当定语从句中的介词位于关系代词前面，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时，该结构中的关系代词可用which、whose、whom，不可用that、who。介词的选用根据其在定语从句中与谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句意来确定。

2. 关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间；有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。

① That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.

= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.那是我们住了十年的房间。

② This is the policeman by whom I was saved.这就是救了我的那位警察。

③ The girl to whom he spoke was Mary.

= The girl whom he spoke to was Mary.和他说话的那个女孩是玛丽。

3. listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

例句：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.这就是她照顾过的男孩。