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单元语法全解:定语从句
定语从句基本概念与结构
项目 核心内容 示例
修饰名词或代词(即先行词)的从
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
定义 句,相当于形容词的作用,常翻译为
(这是我昨天买的那本书。)
“…… 的”
1. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词 /
句中:
代词
- 先行词:the book
三大要素 2. 关系词:连接主句和从句的词(分
- 关系词:that
为关系代词、关系副词)
- 定语从句:I bought yesterday
3. 定语从句:修饰先行词的句子部分
错误:I saw a girl in the park who wears a
red dress.
位置规律 通常紧跟在先行词之后,避免歧义
正确:I saw a girl who wears a red dress
in the park.
关系代词的用法(重点)
关系代词 指代对象 在句中成分 可省略情况 示例
The boy who is talking is my brother.(正
who 人(主格) 主语 不可省略
在说话的男孩是我弟弟。)
可省略(口 The teacher whom you met yesterday is
whom 人(宾格) 宾语 语 中 常 用 very kind.(你昨天见到的那位老师很和
who 代替) 蔼。)
1. The pen which is on the desk is mine.
作宾语时可 (桌子上的那支笔是我的。)
which 物 / 事 主语、宾语
省略 2. This is the song which I like best.(这
是我最喜欢的歌。)
1. The man that helped me is a doctor.
人 / 物 / 作宾语时可 (帮我的那个人是医生。)
that 主语、宾语
事 省略 2. The story that she told is interesting.
(她讲的故事很有趣。)
1. This is the student whose bag was lost.
人 / 物 定语(后接 (这是那个丢了书包的学生。)
whose 不可省略
(所有格) 名词) 2. I live in a house whose windows face
south.(我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。)
关系副词的用法与特殊规则
类别 核心内容 示例
1. I remember the day when I first came
1. when:指代时间,在从句中作时间状
to school.(我记得第一次来学校的那
关系副词 语(= 介词 + which)
天。)
2. where:指代地点,在从句中作地点状
2. This is the classroom where we have
1语(= 介词 + which)
lessons.(这是我们上课的教室。)
3. why:指代原因,仅修饰先行词
3. Do you know the reason why he was
“reason”,在从句中作原因状语(=for
late?(你知道他迟到的原因吗?)
which)
以 下 情 况 只 能 用 that , 不 能 用 1. This is the first book that I read.(这
which/who: 是我读的第一本书。)
1. 先行词被序数词(first, second)、最 2. I have all the money that I need.(我
that 的特
高级(best, tallest)修饰时 有我需要的所有钱。)
殊用法
2. 先行词被 all, any, every, no, little, 3. We talked about the people and places
much 等不定代词修饰时 that we visited.(我们谈论了我们拜访过的
3. 先行词既有人又有物时 人和地方。)
错误:This is the pen that I bought it
避免重复 定语从句中不能出现与先行词重复的代 yesterday.
原则 词(如 it/them 等) 正 确 : This is the pen that I bought
yesterday.
高频考点补充
as 引导定语从句的特殊结构
高频结构为 “such...as...”“the same...as...”,as 在从句中可作主语、宾语,需与
考点内容 “such...that...”“the same...that...” 区分(后两者引导结果 / 状语从句,无
“像…… 一样” 含义)
1. We need such materials as can stand high temperature.
示例
2. This is the same watch as I lost, not the one I found later.
“介词 + 关系代词” 的应用
从句中动词、形容词常与特定介词搭配,需根据搭配习惯确定介词;指物用 “介词 +
考点内容
which”,指人用 “介词 + whom”
1. The girl with whom he danced last night is my classmate.
示例
2. The room in which we had the meeting is on the third floor.
非限制性定语从句的规则
需注意三点:①用逗号与主句隔开;②不可用 that 引导;③关系代词 / 副词不可省
考点内容
略。
1. His brother, who is a doctor, will come to visit us.
示例
2. The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.
定语从句的主谓一致
谓语动词单复数由先行词决定,而非关系代词;若先行词前有 “the only one
考点内容
of...”,谓语用单数;若为 “one of...”,谓语用复数,此为易错考点
1. He is one of the students who are good at math.
示例
2. He is the only one of the students who is good at math.
关系代词作表语的情况
考点内容 当关系代词在从句中作表语时,只能用 that,且 that 可省略
1. This is not the car (that) it used to be.
示例
2. She is no longer the girl (that) she was in primary school.
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