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疑问词引导的宾语从句
一、什么是疑问词引导的宾语从句
疑问词引导的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词充当引导词，由特殊疑问句转化而来，在整个句子中充当宾
语成分，放在及物动词、介词或部分形容词之后，属于中考宾语从句模块的核心必考点，常和that/
if/whether引导的宾语从句结合考查。
核心结构：主句 + 疑问词引导词 + 从句（陈述语序）
核心前提：无论疑问词是什么，从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），绝对禁止使用疑问语
序，这是中考最常考的易错点，也是答题关键。
二、常用引导疑问词
所有引导词均保留原本的疑问含义，在从句中充当对应句子成分，不可省略，分为两大类，覆盖中
考全部考点：
1. 疑问代词（作主语、宾语、表语、定语）
• what：什么，可指代事物、动作内容，用法最广泛
• who：谁，指代人，作主语
• whom：谁，指代人，作宾语（口语中常用who替代）
• which：哪一个/哪些，指代人或物，表选择范围
• whose：谁的，指代所属关系，作定语
2. 疑问副词（作状语，表时间、地点、方式、原因）
• when：什么时候，表时间
• where：在哪里，表地点
• how：怎样、如何，表方式/程度/状态
• why：为什么，表原因
3. 特殊疑问词组（中考高频）
• how long：多久（问时间段）、多长（问长度）
• how soon：多久以后（问将来时间）
• how often：多久一次（问频率）
• how far：多远（问距离）
• how many/much：多少（问数量）
三、核心用法+经典例句
1. what：I don't know what he does every day.（我不知道他每天做什么。）
2. who：Can you tell me who will win the game？（你能告诉我谁会赢得比赛吗？）
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3. whom：She asked whom we were waiting for.（她问我们在等谁。）
4. which：He wants to know which book he should choose.（他想知道他该选哪本书。）
5. whose：I wonder whose bag this is.（我想知道这是谁的包。）
6. when：Could you tell me when the train will arrive？（你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？）
7. where：We don't know where he lives.（我们不知道他住在哪里。）
8. how：She wants to know how I learn English.（她想知道我怎么学英语。）
9. why：He asked why I was late for school.（他问我为什么上学迟到。）
10. how long：Please tell me how long you have been here.（请告诉我你在这里待了多久。）
11. how often：I want to know how often he exercises.（我想知道他多久锻炼一次。）
四、黄金规则：语序+时态
1. 语序规则
疑问词后直接接从句主语，再接谓语动词，绝对不能把助动词（do/does/did/will/have/has）提前，彻
底摒弃疑问语序。
❌ 错误：I don't know what is he doing.
✅ 正确：I don't know what he is doing.
❌ 错误：Can you tell me where do you live？
✅ 正确：Can you tell me where you live？
2. 时态呼应规则（和that/if/whether 宾语从句一致）
• 主句一般现在时：从句时态随实际情况变，不受限制（现在/将来/完成均可）
• 主句一般过去时：从句用相应过去时态（一般过去时/过去将来时/过去完成时）
• 从句为客观真理/事实：无论主句时态，从句一律用一般现在时
例句：The teacher asked us how the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，用一般现在时）
五、易错注意事项
1. 引导词不可省略：疑问词本身有含义且充当句子成分，和that不同，绝对不能省略
2. 语序陷阱：疑问词不是主语时，必须遵循“疑问词+主语+谓语”，切勿写成疑问语序
3. who与whom区分：who作从句主语，whom作从句宾语，口语和中考题中常用who替代whom
4. 疑问词组辨析：牢记how long/soon/often/far的区别，根据答语选对引导词
5. 避免双重引导：一个宾语从句只能用一个引导词，不可同时用if/whether和疑问词
6. 介词后的宾语从句：疑问词可直接跟在介词后，语序仍用陈述语序
六、解题技巧
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1. 第一步：看选项语序，先排除所有疑问语序选项
2. 第二步：看主句时态，判断从句时态是否符合呼应规则
3. 第三步：看答语或语境，选对含义匹配的疑问词
4. 第四步：检查是否有双重引导、引导词误用等低级错误
七、专项练习题（分层训练）
第一部分：单项选择（基础版）
1. Could you tell me ______ you are late for class?
A. what B. why C. which D. whose
2. I don't know ______ he will go with.
A. who B. what C. which D. when
3. Please tell me ______ the meeting will begin.
A. where B. when C. what D. who
4. He asked ______ I had been to the museum.
A. where B. when C. if D. what
5. Can you tell me ______ I can get to the hospital?
A. how B. what C. who D. which
6. I want to know ______ book is yours.
A. whose B. what C. who D. where
7. Do you know ______ we will have a picnic?
A. when B. what C. who D. whose
8. She asked ______ I was waiting for.
A. whom B. what C. which D. when
9. Could you tell me ______ you usually get up?
A. what B. when C. which D. who
10. I don't know ______ he is so happy.
A. why B. what C. which D. where
11. He wants to know ______ I will go to Beijing.
A. how B. what C. who D. whose
12. Do you know ______ this pen belongs to?
A. who B. what C. which D. when
13. Please tell me ______ I can do for you.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
14. I wonder ______ he lives.
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A. where B. what C. who D. which
15. She asked ______ sport I like best.
A. which B. what C. who D. when
第二部分：单项选择（提升版）
1. —Could you please tell me ______?
—At 9:00 tomorrow morning.
A. when we will climb the mountain B. when will we climb the mountain
B. C. when we climb the mountain D. when do we climb the mountain
2. I don't know ______ my mother will come back. I miss her very much.
A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how far
3. —Do you know ______ the boy is?
—He is my brother.
A. what B. who C. whose D. which
4. —Could you tell me ______ you came here?
— By bus.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
5. I want to know ______ it will rain tomorrow.
A. if B. what C. which D. where
6. He asked ______ I had finished my homework.
A. if B. what C. who D. where
7. —Do you know ______ this dictionary is?
—Maybe it's Lily's.
A. whose B. who C. what D. which
8. —Please tell me ______ you have been in this city.
—For five years.
A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how far
9. —Could you tell me ______ to the post office?
—Go straight and turn left.
A. how to get B. how get C. how can I get D. how I can get
10. I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. whether B. if C. what D. where
11. She asked ______ I liked playing basketball.
A. if B. what C. who D. which
12. —Do you know ______ he goes to the library?
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—Twice a week.
A. how often B. how soon C. how long D. how far
13. —Could you tell me ______ we will meet tomorrow?
—At the school gate.
A. where B. when C. what D. who
14. I wonder ______ he didn't come to school today.
A. why B. what C. which D. where
15. He wants to know ______ I will go to the concert with him.
A. if B. what C. who D. which
参考答案
第一部分 基础题答案
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A
第二部分 拔高题答案
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A
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